WO1990015050A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgemischen auf ethersulfonatbasis und ihre verwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgemischen auf ethersulfonatbasis und ihre verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990015050A1 WO1990015050A1 PCT/EP1990/000855 EP9000855W WO9015050A1 WO 1990015050 A1 WO1990015050 A1 WO 1990015050A1 EP 9000855 W EP9000855 W EP 9000855W WO 9015050 A1 WO9015050 A1 WO 9015050A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl ether
- reaction
- range
- surfactant
- alcohols
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/02—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/32—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of salts of sulfonic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
- Y10S507/935—Enhanced oil recovery
- Y10S507/936—Flooding the formation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new process for the production of surfactants and surfactant mixtures based on fatty alcohol ether sulfonates, which leads to the economical extraction of this class of surfactants, which is of great technical interest.
- Tertiary oil production in which the residual oil quantities retained in the deposit by viscosity and capillary effects in the pore space are to be made at least partially extractable, is becoming increasingly important today.
- a whole series of process types have been proposed for this, for example polymer flooding, alkali flooding, thermal processes or solution flooding.
- the invention relates to the type of process which has become known as surfactant flooding. While the oil is present in the fresh oil reservoir as a continuous phase in the Cesteins pore space, with increasing primary and secondary production the oil phase disintegrates into individual discrete drops, which are retained in narrow pores due to the large interfacial tension. To overcome the capillary forces, either extremely high pressures would be required or the interfacial tension between water and oil would have to be greatly reduced with suitable surfactants. In individual cases, this decrease depends very much on the reservoir temperature, the salinity of the reservoir water and the composition of the oil. Only by adapting the respective surfactant mixture and under the conditions of the extreme limit The desired so-called middle-phase microemulsion is formed and the middle third phase lies between the heavier salt water phase and the lighter oil phase. Your training is of crucial importance for residual oil removal.
- surfactant requirements are placed on suitable surfactants, which go beyond the ability to extremely reduce the interfacial tension. For example, they must not form precipitation in the flood or formation water, otherwise there is a risk of irreversible blockage in the reservoir. They should be adsorbed on the rock as little as possible. They have to be stable under deposit conditions, whereby the distance between the injection probe and the conveyor probe is 50 to 300 m and flood speeds of approx. 0.3 m / d periods of stability are of the order of 1 to 3 years.
- ether sulfates, ether carboxylates, ether sulfates and ether phosphates have been proposed as surfactants for use in highly saline reservoir waters.
- Ether sulfates and ether phosphates are technically easily accessible types of surfactants, but are not hydrolytically stable.
- the ether sulfonates, and here in particular the alkyl ether sulfonates have shown particularly interesting properties in screening tests. They combine good electrolyte compatibility with high stability against hydrolysis phenomena at high temperatures. In particular, however, they also show the occurrence of the desired three-phase states in oil / water / surfactant systems with a broad mid-phase microemulsion range and a high reduction in interfacial tension.
- This primary surfactant mixture consists of the alkyl ether sulfonates mentioned as the main component aimed for and also contains nonionic fatty alcohol ethers of the type on which the ether sulfonates are based and optionally so-called cosolvents based on synthetic and / or natural alcohols.
- the invention accordingly relates in a first embodiment to a process for the preparation of surfactant mixtures based on alkyl ether sulfonic acids or. their salts (ether sulfonates) as the main constituent, which can be used in particular in the context of tertiary petroleum production and are obtained by reacting alkyl ether sulfates with an aqueous alkali sulfite solution at temperatures of 160 to 220 ° C, this method being characterized in that for the preparation of at least largely sulfate salt-free mixtures of the ether sulfonates based on alkoxylated alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin with at most approximately equal amounts of the alkoxylated alcohols carrying out the reaction in the aqueous medium at a weakly alkaline pH with a stoichiometric excess of alkali sulfite, if desired with the stated Reaction conditions can react and then with lowered, but still increased Temperatures the surfactant mixture formed extracted
- the invention relates to the surfactant mixtures produced by this process, in particular in a mixture with residual alcohol from the extraction stage for the tertiary petroleum production.
- alkoxylation of alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin in particular of the fatty alcohol range with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, is known to lead to correspondingly alkoxylated fatty alcohol compounds with nonionic surfactant character.
- Their terminal esterification with sulfuric acid to form the corresponding sulfate salts provides the fatty alcohol sulfates.
- alkyl ether sulfates are converted to alkyl ether sulfonate in the context of a nucleophilic substitution by means of sulfite, which are referred to below simply as "ether sulfonates".
- ether sulfonates The associated reaction equation for the desired main reaction is given as
- R 1 corresponds to the alkoxylated alcohol residue.
- the sodium sulfate obtained as a reaction by-product in the aqueous phase must have been almost completely removed from the surfactant mixture ultimately to be removed. If, in practical use, substantial amounts of the sulfate anion were introduced into the petroleum deposit via the surfactant components formed in this way, the capillary system would quickly become clogged due to the in situ formation of alkaline earth metal sulfates.
- the type of reaction affected here to form the ether sulfonates thus brings suitable surfactants or.
- Surfactant mixtures pose a much more complex problem than it initially appears. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the reaction of the ether sulfates with sodium sulfite in aqueous solution is not problem-free. The reaction mixtures tend to gel, are then difficult to handle and, at the high reaction temperatures required, quickly form crust-like deposits on the inside walls of the reactor, which require an interruption in the reaction and cleaning of the interior of the reactor.
- the teaching according to the invention in its following representation comprises two sample areas, which are solved by the measures chosen according to the invention so that the industrial production of surfactants or.
- Surfactant mixtures of the type concerned here is made possible.
- the first problem area relates to the sum of the measures, the observance of which leads to the optimization of the nucleophilic substitution previously represented in the formula.
- the second problem area relates to the separation and recovery of the product of value formed from the reaction mixture. The following applies in detail here: The nucleophilic substitution
- the preferred starting materials on the side of the alkyl ether sulfates are corresponding components with at least predominantly 6 to 18 carbon atoms and in particular 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical of the alcohol.
- Alcohols or. Alcohol mixtures with an average of 12 to 14 carbon atoms in the molecule serve as the main body of the surfactant class concerned here.
- Suitable alcohols are of both natural and synthetic origin, and mixtures of such alcohols can also serve as the basis for the compounds concerned here.
- a suitable feed material for the production of the alkyl ether sulfates not naturally claimed in the context of the invention are e.g. B.
- Corresponding coconut and / or palm kernel fatty alcohols which have been obtained by hydrogenating reduction of the fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters.
- the basic alcohols forming alkyl ether sulfates are preferably saturated compounds, but can, if desired, also be olefinically unsaturated.
- the alcohols used primarily in the preparation of the alkyl ether sulfates are alkoxylated, ethylene oxide and / or ⁇ ropylene oxide being used in particular in a manner known per se for the alkoxylation.
- the corresponding fatty alcohol alkoxylates have an average degree of alkoxylation above 1 and preferably not above 10, whereby particularly suitable average degrees of alkoxylation can be in the range from about 2 to 8.
- the HLB values of the non-surfactant components formed are determined in a known manner by the length of the C chain distribution and the degree of alkoxylation.
- the alkyl ether sulfates used as the essential reactant in the process according to the invention are formed by esterification of the alkyl ethoxylates with sulfuric acid, the corresponding sodium salts being generally added to the reaction according to the invention in aqueous solution.
- 10 to 40 wt. -% aqueous solutions in particular 15 to 25 wt. % aqueous solutions of the ether sulfates can be used with particular advantage.
- solutions of a much higher concentration, for. B. about 70% by weight solutions of the ether sulfates are used.
- the other reactant for carrying out the nucleophilic substitution reaction is sodium sulfite, which is likewise placed in an aqueous solution.
- Na_S_0 5 forms the following equilibrium in aqueous solution in the presence of a base - preferably sodium hydroxide solution according to the invention:
- the invention provides for the alkali sulfite to be used in a stoichiometric excess in the reaction.
- a preferred upper limit for this stoichiometric excess is a molar ratio of sulfite / ether sulfate of about 5, a further preferred lower limit being about 1.5.
- the invention presents the aqueous alkali sulfite solution under reaction conditions when working batchwise in a batch process.
- the aqueous alkyl ether sulfate solution is fed into this sulfite solution, expediently with simultaneous mixing.
- the addition of the alkyl ether sulfate solution becomes slow batchwise or preferably continuously doses that a not inconsiderable portion of the total reaction period selected is required for this feed of the alkyl ether sulfate requirement.
- at least about 20% of the total reaction period required is used for this addition.
- the concentration of the reactants is restricted such that surfactant contents in the resulting aqueous reaction mixture are not adjusted above about 40% by weight and in particular up to about 25% by weight.
- the reaction is carried out in the weakly alkaline range, in particular at pH values of about 7.5 to 10, sodium-alkaline conditions being particularly preferred here.
- the implementation can be optimized in the direction of the desired nucleophilic substitution reaction with simultaneous restriction or minimization of the proportion of alcohol ethoxylate, preferably to values below 50% by weight and in particular at most about 30 to 40% by weight. %, based on total surfactant content.
- the particularly preferred process parameters are the following:
- Reaction temperatures in the range from about 180 to 200 ° C., pH values of the reaction mixture in the range from about 8 to 9 and molar ratios of sulfite / alkyl ether sulfate in the range from 1.5 to 2 at pressures up to about 20 bar, preferably under autogenous pressure.
- the surfactant mixtures formed can have an alkyl ether sulfonate content of at least 60% by weight and preferably at least about 70% by weight.
- the described choice of the delayed addition of the alkyl ether sulfate reaction component successfully prevents the undesired gelation of the reaction mixture and thus prevents the buildup of the inner wall of the reactor.
- the response times are usually about 2 to 6 hours, preferably at least about 3 hours per reaction batch.
- ether sulfonates but preferably the resulting mixture of ether sulfonates and alcohol alkoxylates, must be separated from the aqueous salt solution in a subsequent step. As already stated, particular care must be taken to ensure that the salts dissolved in the aqueous phase do not, or at best only in small amounts, pass into the surfactant mixture to be separated off.
- Suitable are at least largely water-insoluble alcohols of synthetic and / or natural origin with preferably up to 14 * C atoms, in particular with 4 to 8 C atoms.
- Particularly suitable extraction agents here are amyl alcohols and / or hexanols of synthetic and / or natural origin, which can be straight-chain and / or branched. The following applies again in detail:
- the extraction with the alcohol phase is carried out in one or more stages at temperatures, preferably in the range from about 50 to 100 ° C. and in particular in the range from about 80 to 90 ° C.
- Suitable mixing ratios of the reaction mixture to be extracted from the extractant are preferably not more than about 30% by weight and in particular in the range from about 3.5 to 15% by weight.
- the extraction can be carried out batch-wise, semi-continuously or continuously. Simply mixing the phases to be brought into contact is sufficient for effective extraction.
- the aqueous and alcoholic phases are generally separated from one another smoothly, the alcoholic phase is drawn off and expediently fed to a further workup.
- At least portions of the alcohol used as extractant are preferably recovered, for example by distillation, and separated from the surfactant mixture formed.
- the recovered alcohol can be reused in the next extraction stage.
- the content of disruptive sulfate ions in the reaction mixture obtained in this way is usually below 0.5% by weight, expediently below 0.2% by weight and can also be kept at a maximum of about 0.1% by weight become. Such low levels of sulfate ions in the surfactant mixture are tolerable for the intended purpose.
- Reactor equipped with an internal heating coil equipped with an internal heating coil.
- the sodium sulfate solution adjusted to the desired pH with sulfuric acid is placed in the reactor, heated to the reaction temperature and the ether sulfate solution, with the pH adjusted accordingly, is metered in by means of the piston pump (see metering time). After the reaction has ended (see reaction time), the reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C. and fed to the extractive workup.
- the reaction mixture from experiment 1 was worked up continuously in a 3 m extraction lifting column with an inner diameter of 5 cm and 50 sieve trays.
- the throughput was 18 l / h, the feed: extracting agent ratio 3.5 and the temperature 80 ° C.
- N-hexanol was used as the extractant.
- An extract with the following composition was obtained:
- reaction mixture from experiment 2 was worked up discontinuously in a one-step extraction with pentanol (isomer mixture).
- feed and extractant were placed in a ratio of 10: 1 in a stirred reactor, heated to 80 ° C. and stirred intensively for 0.5 hours (large phase interface). After phase separation, the two phases were drained separately.
- An extract with the following composition was obtained: Ether sulfonate: 29%
- reaction mixture from experiment 3 was worked up discontinuously in a one-stage extraction with n-hexanol.
- feed and extractant were placed in a ratio of 2.3: 1 together with 2% NaCl in a stirred reactor, heated to 80 ° C. and stirred intensively for 0.5 hours (large phase interface). After phase separation, the two phases were drained separately and the organic phase was washed with 7% water and 1% NaCl.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/778,116 US5318709A (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1990-05-28 | Process for the production of surfactant mixtures based on ether sulfonates and their use |
NO914045A NO914045D0 (no) | 1989-06-05 | 1991-10-15 | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av tensidblandinger basertpaa etersulfonater og deres anvendelse |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3918265A DE3918265A1 (de) | 1989-06-05 | 1989-06-05 | Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgemischen auf ethersulfonatbasis und ihre verwendung |
DEP3918265.7 | 1989-06-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990015050A1 true WO1990015050A1 (de) | 1990-12-13 |
Family
ID=6382082
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1990/000855 WO1990015050A1 (de) | 1989-06-05 | 1990-05-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von tensidgemischen auf ethersulfonatbasis und ihre verwendung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5318709A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0475968A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2058761A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3918265A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1990015050A1 (de) |
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CN101861445B (zh) * | 2007-11-19 | 2014-06-25 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 生产油和/或气的***与方法 |
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Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0251250A2 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Haarbehandlungsmittel |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3827497A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-08-06 | Sun Oil Co | Oil recovery process using aqueous surfactant compositions |
-
1989
- 1989-06-05 DE DE3918265A patent/DE3918265A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-05-28 WO PCT/EP1990/000855 patent/WO1990015050A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-05-28 US US07/778,116 patent/US5318709A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-28 CA CA002058761A patent/CA2058761A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-28 EP EP90908224A patent/EP0475968A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0251250A2 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Haarbehandlungsmittel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3918265A1 (de) | 1991-01-03 |
EP0475968A1 (de) | 1992-03-25 |
US5318709A (en) | 1994-06-07 |
CA2058761A1 (en) | 1990-12-06 |
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