WO1990007633A1 - Appareil de condensation de vapeur - Google Patents

Appareil de condensation de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990007633A1
WO1990007633A1 PCT/GB1990/000006 GB9000006W WO9007633A1 WO 1990007633 A1 WO1990007633 A1 WO 1990007633A1 GB 9000006 W GB9000006 W GB 9000006W WO 9007633 A1 WO9007633 A1 WO 9007633A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
condensate
receiver
steam
condenser
condensing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1990/000006
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leslie Michael Fraser Coulthard
Original Assignee
Birwelco Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB898900212A external-priority patent/GB8900212D0/en
Priority claimed from GB898900775A external-priority patent/GB8900775D0/en
Application filed by Birwelco Limited filed Critical Birwelco Limited
Publication of WO1990007633A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990007633A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to steam condensing apparatus- More particularly, it relates to apparatus including an air cooled condenser of the kind in which the steam to be condensed flows through tubes whose external surface area is extended by being provided with fins over which air flows to remove the heat energy given up by the steam as it condenses.
  • the invention is applicable primarily to apparatus wherein the pressure in the condenser is maintained at a sub-atmospheric value, to obtain high efficiency in, for example, a power generation system using steam.
  • the usual arrangement of an air cooled condenser comprises an array of a large number of individual finned tubular elements. Steam is led to such elements by a large capacity duct connected to the exhaust steam outlet of a turbine or other steam-expanding device. In a first set of finned tubular elements, the steam travels generally downwardly condensing as it does so, the condensate being collected by a manifold or manifolds at the lower ends of such tubular elements.
  • the condenser may have a further array of tubular elements which complete the condensation of substantially all steam exhausted from the turbine, leaving only a trace quantity of steam together with any non-condensible substances such as entrapped air to be extracted by an appropriate extraction system so that the pressure in the condenser as a whole is maintained at the required sub-atmospheric value.
  • Condensate collected in the manifold or manifolds is led to a receiving tank from which it is extracted and ultimately returned to the boiler of the system.
  • the nature of an air cooled condenser is that the array of finned tubular elements presents a certain resistance to flow of steam, so that a pressure drop exists through the condenser. The pressure at the inlet side of the condenser, i.e.
  • the pressure drop means that there is a difference between the water-steam equilibrium temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the condenser. Therefore as the steam condenses in the finned tubular elements and runs down such elements to the manifold or manifolds where it is collected, the temperature of the condensate is reduced to a value corresponding to the equilibrium temperature at the outlet of the condenser, below the temperature of the steam in the condenser inlet duct. This over-cooling of the condensate represents a small but significant loss of energy, which energy has to be put back into the condensate when it is returned to the boiler of the system.
  • condensate from a conventional surface condenser is generally at a temperature which is not significantly lower than the temperature of steam at the condenser inlet.
  • steam condensing apparatus comprising a duct for receiving exhaust steam from an expander; a number of air cooled condensing elements connected to said duct to receive steam therefrom; a manifold for collecting condensate from said condensing elements; a receiver for said collected condensate; means for taking a portion of said exhaust steam to said receiver; means for steam sealing and developing a pressure head in the condensate to cause it to enter the receiver, and means for causing condensing contact between the condensate entering the receiver and said exhaust steam portion, to condense said steam portion and raise the temperature of the condensate in the receiver.
  • the present invention by taking some of the exhaust steam to the receiver, establishes pressure and temperature conditions in the receiver substantially equal to those in the exhaust steam duct.
  • the temperature of the condensate led from the manifold to the receiver is raised to a temperature which is not significantly lower than the water-steam equilibrium temperature at the pressure of the exhaust steam in the duct leading to the inlet of the condenser, substantially eliminating the above described loss of energy due to overcooling of the condensate in the air cooled condensing elements.
  • the condensing contact between the condensate and exhaust steam portion may take place in the condensate receiver.
  • the necessary intimate contact between the steam and condensate for effective condensation to occur when there is only a small temperature difference between the liquid and vapour is conveniently achieved by causing the condensate to ⁇ enter the receiver as a jet or spray.
  • a conventional surface condenser is generally disposed immediately adjacent the exhaust of a turbine, so that there are no losses involved in transmitting the exhaust steam to the condenser.
  • an air cooled condenser is generally a fairly large piece of equipment, requiring to be disposed outside the building in which the rest of the steam plant is accommodated and necessitating a long duct leading from the turbine exhaust to the condenser. A small but significant pressure drop takes place in such a duct, leading to a further drop in condensate temperature and thus in the efficiency of the system in which the condenser is incorporated ⁇ .
  • the portion of the exhaust steam is preferably taken from the duct at a position as far upstream therein as possible.
  • the invention also provides a method of condensing exhaust steam from an expander by use of an air cooled condenser, wherein collected condensate from the condenser is brought into condensing contact with a portion of the exhaust steam to condense the latter and raise the condensate temperature.
  • a relief pipe may be provided from the condensate receiving tank to the inlet of the condenser, to permit escape from the tank of flashed steam which might be generated under certain transient conditions.
  • a relief pipe may be provided from the condensate receiving tank to the inlet of the condenser, to permit escape from the tank of flashed steam which might be generated under certain transient conditions.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a condenser system embodying the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a modification of part of the apparatus.
  • the illustrated system comprises a duct 10 which is arranged to be connected at 11 to a steam expanding device such as a turbine, to receive exhaust steam therefrom.
  • An air cooled condenser arrangement is indicated generally at 12, comprising a first series of condenser elements 13 which receive steam from the duct 10.
  • the elements 13 comprise arrays of tubes provided with external fins to increase their surface area and provide for effective heat transfer to the surrounding air.
  • the condenser elements 13 connect at their lower ends to a manifold 14 to receive condensate therefrom, and any uncondensed steam and non-condensible gases.
  • the air cooled condenser 12 further comprises condensing elements 15 which extend from the manifold 14 and are together connected at 16 to an air extraction system, usually a pump or ejector.
  • a receiver 17 is provided to receive condensate from the manifold 14, and hold such condensate ready for ultimate return to the boiler of the steam system, not shown, by a condensate extraction pump 18. Condensate enters the receiver 17 by gravity from the manifold 14, through a pipe 19.
  • a pipe 20 is provided to take a small proportion of the steam flowing in duct 10 to the receiver 17.
  • the condensate entering the receiver from pipe 19 is delivered into the receiver from a spray arrangement 21, so that the condensate is brought into intimate contact with the steam in the receiver, thereby condensing the steam and bringing the condensate up to the equilibrium temperature corresponding to the pressure prevailing in the receiver 17.
  • a pipe 22 leads from the receiver 17 to the manifold 14, for any excess of the steam and the non-condensible gases carried thereby.
  • the pipe 19 incorporates a water seal 19a. This prevents the possibility of flow of steam directly from the pipe 20 to the manifold 14 by way of the receiver 17, which could occur due to the di erence between the pressure in the duct 10 and that in the manifold 14, and which if it occurred would tend to enter the condenser elements 13 and trap non-condensibles therein. Sufficient head in the condensate from the manifold 14 for it to enter the condensate receiver 17 and to ensure the satisfactory operation of spray arrangement 21 if fitted is provided by water present in pipe 19.
  • the temperature of the condensate stored in the receiver 17 is substantially equal to the equilibrium temperature corresponding to the pressure of the exhaust steam in the duct 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification wherein, instead of a spray or jet arrangement, an arrangement comprising a cascade of perforated trays 23 is disposed in a part of the receiver 17. Condensate entering the receiver passes over the trays 23, which provide the necessary contact between steam and condensate over a large surface area.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of the apparatus including a further modification from the apparatus shown in Figure 1. There is shown a pipe 24 leading from the receiver, which pipe is connected directly at 25 to the air extraction system of the apparatus instead of being connected to the manifold 14 in the manner of the pipe 22 in Figure 1.
  • Trace steam and non-condensibles remaining from the steam which has entered the receiver through pipe 20 are removed by the air extraction system together with such substances from the manifold 14 and condenser elements 15.
  • the pipe 24 would be so dimensioned that the air extraction system is able to remove the non-condensibles from the receiver whilst the receiver pressure remains substantially equal to that in the duct 10.
  • the amount of steam passing through the pipe 20 may be of the order of only 1% of the steam passing through the duct 10.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that it helps ensure that the oxygen content of the condensate held in the receiver is minimised.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un système où un condensateur à refroidissement par air (13, 15) condense la vapeur d'échappement et où un récepteur (17) garde le condensat, une petite partie de la vapeur d'échappement est amenée au récepteur et mise en contact de condensation avec le condensat qui entre dans le récepteur, de sorte que la température du condensat s'élève à la température d'équilibre correspondant à la pression au niveau de l'orfice d'entrée du condensat. On peut ainsi remédier à l'inefficacité due au sur-refroidissement du condensat.
PCT/GB1990/000006 1989-01-06 1990-01-03 Appareil de condensation de vapeur WO1990007633A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898900212A GB8900212D0 (en) 1989-01-06 1989-01-06 Steam condensing apparatus
GB8900212.5 1989-01-06
GB8900775.1 1989-01-13
GB898900775A GB8900775D0 (en) 1989-01-13 1989-01-13 Steam condensing apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990007633A1 true WO1990007633A1 (fr) 1990-07-12

Family

ID=26294804

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1990/000006 WO1990007633A1 (fr) 1989-01-06 1990-01-03 Appareil de condensation de vapeur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2226962B (fr)
WO (1) WO1990007633A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2793874A1 (fr) * 1999-05-17 2000-11-24 Alstom Aerocondenseur avec un degazeur integre a la bache de reserve
WO2004094932A1 (fr) * 2003-04-24 2004-11-04 Egi Contracting Engineering Co. Ltd. Systeme de refroidissement par air
WO2007022738A1 (fr) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-01 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Procede de condensation
CN104279884A (zh) * 2014-08-08 2015-01-14 北京大学工学院包头研究院 一种直接空冷凝汽器降温***
CN107655352A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2018-02-02 浙江绿环工程机械有限公司 一种冷却装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7926555B2 (en) * 2006-06-27 2011-04-19 Gea Power Cooling, Inc. Series-parallel condensing system
CN103883366B (zh) * 2014-04-11 2015-12-09 大唐韩城第二发电有限责任公司 一种空冷机组的小汽机凝结水***
CN108379868B (zh) * 2018-04-04 2020-09-08 山西省工业设备安装集团有限公司 一种基于制冷方式使乏汽转化为冷凝水的装置
US11359811B2 (en) * 2019-12-02 2022-06-14 Paul Batushansky System and method for a direct emission and diffusion of high-pressure combustion with exhaust into feed-water from a combustion barrel
US11143397B2 (en) * 2019-12-02 2021-10-12 Paul Batushansky System and method for a direct emission and diffusion of high-pressure combustion with exhaust into feed-water from a combustion barrel

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB286352A (en) * 1926-12-01 1928-03-01 John Mccallum Improvements in steam power installations
FR2069388A5 (fr) * 1969-11-14 1971-09-03 Kraftwerk Union Ag
FR2315071A1 (fr) * 1975-06-16 1977-01-14 Hudson Products Corp Installation a refrigerant atmospherique
US4449368A (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-05-22 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Apparatus and methods of cooling and condensing exhaust steam from a power plant

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB286352A (en) * 1926-12-01 1928-03-01 John Mccallum Improvements in steam power installations
FR2069388A5 (fr) * 1969-11-14 1971-09-03 Kraftwerk Union Ag
FR2315071A1 (fr) * 1975-06-16 1977-01-14 Hudson Products Corp Installation a refrigerant atmospherique
US4449368A (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-05-22 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Apparatus and methods of cooling and condensing exhaust steam from a power plant

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2793874A1 (fr) * 1999-05-17 2000-11-24 Alstom Aerocondenseur avec un degazeur integre a la bache de reserve
WO2004094932A1 (fr) * 2003-04-24 2004-11-04 Egi Contracting Engineering Co. Ltd. Systeme de refroidissement par air
CN100445669C (zh) * 2003-04-24 2008-12-24 Egi-合约工程有限公司 空气冷却***
AU2003304057B2 (en) * 2003-04-24 2009-07-16 Egi Contracting Engineering Co. Ltd Combined air cooled condenser
US7946338B2 (en) 2003-04-24 2011-05-24 Egi-Contracting Engineering Co., Ltd. Combined air cooled condenser
WO2007022738A1 (fr) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-01 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Procede de condensation
CN104279884A (zh) * 2014-08-08 2015-01-14 北京大学工学院包头研究院 一种直接空冷凝汽器降温***
CN107655352A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2018-02-02 浙江绿环工程机械有限公司 一种冷却装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2226962A (en) 1990-07-18
GB2226962B (en) 1992-04-29
GB9000071D0 (en) 1990-03-07

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