US9605721B1 - Wear optimized pad design - Google Patents

Wear optimized pad design Download PDF

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Publication number
US9605721B1
US9605721B1 US14/844,813 US201514844813A US9605721B1 US 9605721 B1 US9605721 B1 US 9605721B1 US 201514844813 A US201514844813 A US 201514844813A US 9605721 B1 US9605721 B1 US 9605721B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
brake pad
brake
lateral sides
disc
pad
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Active
Application number
US14/844,813
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English (en)
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US20170067520A1 (en
Inventor
Manouchehr SABETI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake LLC
Original Assignee
Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake LLC filed Critical Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake LLC
Assigned to BENDIX SPICER FOUNDATION BRAKE LLC reassignment BENDIX SPICER FOUNDATION BRAKE LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SABETI, MANOUCHEHR
Priority to US14/844,813 priority Critical patent/US9605721B1/en
Priority to EP16842972.8A priority patent/EP3344893A4/en
Priority to RU2018111688A priority patent/RU2728201C2/ru
Priority to PCT/US2016/049872 priority patent/WO2017040765A1/en
Priority to CA2997351A priority patent/CA2997351A1/en
Priority to AU2016317850A priority patent/AU2016317850B2/en
Priority to CN201680055433.4A priority patent/CN108138877B/zh
Priority to US15/423,953 priority patent/US9897152B2/en
Priority to US15/427,723 priority patent/US9976610B2/en
Publication of US20170067520A1 publication Critical patent/US20170067520A1/en
Publication of US9605721B1 publication Critical patent/US9605721B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to HK18110141.7A priority patent/HK1250770A1/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/065—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D2065/026—Braking members; Mounting thereof characterised by a particular outline shape of the braking member, e.g. footprint of friction lining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to disc brakes for vehicles, and in particular to brake pads in disc brakes, such as air-operated disc brakes utilized on commercial vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a commercial vehicle air-operated disc brake is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the disc brake 1 includes a brake disk 2 which rotates in direction A about its rotation axis B.
  • a brake caliper 3 straddling the brake disk 2 is affixed to a carrier mount 4 which in turn is fixed to a vehicle axle, typically via a torque plate or a brake spider (not illustrated).
  • the carrier mount 4 receives and supports both the caliper 3 and the brake pads 6 .
  • the caliper 3 is actuated in this embodiment by a pneumatic actuator (not illustrated) mounted at the actuator mounting face 5 of the caliper. The actuator acts upon a brake pad application mechanism contained within caliper 3 to press the brake pads 6 against the brake disk 2 to slow the vehicle.
  • the present invention is not restricted to a particular type of brake actuator, for example, a pneumatic actuator or an electrically-driven actuator may be used.
  • a pneumatic actuator or an electrically-driven actuator may be used.
  • the invention limited to a particular type of brake caliper mount arrangement.
  • the brake caliper may be mounted in a fixed manner on a carrier or may be a sliding caliper.
  • the brake pads typically have had a generally rectangular shape, in part due to the limitations on the size and configuration of the disc brake components (the disc brake having to exist within a highly-space constrained envelope provided by wheel rims), and in part due to cost and structural limitations discussed further below.
  • An example of such a previous brake pad is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • a common feature of a previous brake pad 20 is their having essentially parallel lateral sides 22 , 23 , i.e., the brake pad sides facing in the circumferential direction of the brake disc toward adjacent brake pad abutment surfaces are parallel to one another.
  • the generally rectangular shape may include radially inner and radially outer sides of the brake pad 24 , 25 that are slightly curved to generally follow the curvature of the brake disc as shown in FIG. 4 , or in the case of the radially outer side, follow the shape of an adjacent outer region of the brake caliper. (not illustrated).
  • the use of parallel lateral sides of the brake pad has in part been the de facto standard in commercial vehicle disc brakes in part due to practical manufacturing considerations (for example, less costly machining of brake pad abutment surfaces and parallel-sided brake pad backing plates) and in part due to structural reasons to ensure adequate brake pad abutment strength, wear, and braking force absorption performance.
  • the previous commercial vehicle disc brake pads have presented to the brake disc essentially constant width and height profiles from one lateral side of the brake pad to the other.
  • the energy transfer to the brake pad, and the resulting localized wear of the brake pad is inconsistent across the face of the brake pad friction material. This can lead to premature wear of the friction material in some areas of the brake pad and thereby shorten the time before the brake pad must be replaced.
  • the present invention addresses this and other problems by providing a brake pad with more efficient and even braking energy transfer distribution across the face of the brake pad lining material.
  • the approach of the present invention provides for more even pad lining material wear, thereby extending service life of the brake pad.
  • the improved brake pad performance also enables reduction in overall brake size by allowing the use of smaller brake pads while still providing satisfactory braking performance.
  • the brake pad lining material and preferably the brake pad backing plate carrying the lining material, has a generally arc-shaped profile, with the radially outer portion of the lining material having a width in the circumferential direction that is longer than the width of the lining material at the radially inner portion of the brake pad.
  • the width of the brake pad lining material as a function of radial distance from the brake disc rotation axis is established by generally aligning the lateral sides of the lining material along radial lines that intersect at or near the rotation axis of the brake disc.
  • the lateral sides of the brake pad need not be exactly aligned with the radial lines from the rotation axis; rather the present invention contemplates the greatest lining material width at the radially outer region of the brake pad, while the width is smaller at the radially inner region of the lining material. The closer the intersection is to the center of the brake disc rotor, the more efficient the energy distribution at the pad-disc interface.
  • Another further advantage of the present invention is that the reduced width in the radially inner region of the brake pad permits the abutment faces of the brake pad carrier and the lateral sides of the brake pad to meet along a line that is more nearly perpendicular to a radius from the rotation axis.
  • This arrangement allows the transfer braking forces between the lateral side of the brake pad and pad abutment surface of the pad carrier at or nearly normal to the abutment line. This provides for more uniform distribution of the abutment forces over the abutment surface, i.e., more even (and thus lower) contact pressures, helping minimize brake pad vibrations and associated brake noise, improved fatigue life performance and reduce component wear.
  • the arrangements can help in reducing the effects of “pad kick,” an in-place rotation of the brake pad that can generate undesired brake application noise due to pad vibrations, increase fatigue damage to typical brake pad retaining hardware (e.g., over-pad leaf springs) and increase wear and damage to the brake pad and/or brake caliper mounting structure.
  • An illustration of pad kick is provided in FIG. 4 .
  • the brake pad attempts to move upward in direction LU in response to the friction forces along the face of the brake pad (illustrated here by force arrows across the face of brake pad 101 ).
  • the brake pad attempts to move downward in direction TD.
  • the overall motion of the brake pad is generally a rotation about an axis parallel to the brake disk rotation axis. This motion may be unilateral during the brake application, or may manifesting itself as a moderate-to-severe oscillation of the brake pad in its mount, significantly increasing wear of the abutting brake pad and mount surfaces.
  • the brake pad support function may be provided by a brake caliper mount designed to support the brake pads, or by a brake pad carrier which is separate from the caliper mounting structure.
  • a brake pad carrier which is separate from the caliper mounting structure.
  • the terms caliper carrier, caliper mount and brake pad carrier may be interchanged without intending to limit the brake par supporting structure to any specific brake pad and brake caliper carrying structure.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that the reduced width in the radially inner region of the brake pad permits brake pad retention features, such as those disclosed in co-pending application Ser. No. 14/640,152, to be moved closer together to enable further reduction in the size of the disc brake components while maintaining a desired level of braking performance and/or or increasing braking performance by increasing brake pad lining surface area while still keeping overall brake size within the space-constrained envelope of the wheel rim and other nearby components.
  • FIG. 1 is an oblique view of a disc brake.
  • FIG. 2 is an oblique view of a brake pad in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the brake pad in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a known generally rectangular brake pad, annotated to illustrate pad motion in response to brake application.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevation view of an embodiment of a carrier mount configured to complement the brake pad of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is an oblique view of an embodiment of the present invention in which a brake pad 10 includes a backing plate 11 with brake pad friction material 19 affixed thereon.
  • the lateral sides 12 , 13 of the brake pad 10 are generally aligned, as shown in FIG. 3 , along radii extending from the rotation axis of the brake disc 2 (not illustrated).
  • the radially inner side 14 and the radially outer side 15 of the brake pad 10 are slightly curved, generally following the curvature of the brake disc.
  • the brake pad backing plate in this embodiment includes lateral projections 16 which are formed to engage corresponding brake pad retention features in the carrier mount 4 in the manner disclosed in co-pending application Ser. No. 14/640,152, such that even in the absence of any additional brake pad retention devices, once engaged in the carrier mount's receiving features the brake pad is positively retained within the disc brake.
  • the backing plate 20 in this embodiment also includes radially outer features, including hook portions 17 suitable for receiving the ends of brake pad vibration suppression and/or reaction devices such as leaf springs (not illustrated), and a notch 18 configured to receive a brake wear sensor (not illustrated).
  • the brake pad backing plate lateral projections, hook portions and wear sensor notch are features of this embodiment, but are not required by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic annotated elevation view of the FIG. 2 embodiment of the inventive brake pad.
  • the angle spanned by the arc of the pad material 30 , centered on the rotation axis O is of the brake disc ⁇ B .
  • the inner and outer radii of the pad material are r 1 and r 2 , respectively.
  • the incremental area used in the integration calculations below over which pressure P 1 (P 2 ) is applied is dA B1 (dA B2 ).
  • h is the pad wear
  • P is the applied pressure
  • k is the wear coefficient (material dependent)
  • v is velocity. Pressure and wear therefore have a direct relationship.
  • the pressure distribution function (and therefore the pad material wear) may be obtained from the specific energy transfer equation:
  • P 1 P 2 ⁇ B ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ B ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ B / 2 ⁇ B / 2 ⁇ p ⁇ ( r 1 , ⁇ ) ⁇ r ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ B / 2 ⁇ B / 2 ⁇ p ⁇ ( r 2 , ⁇ ) ⁇ r ⁇ d ⁇ [ 7 ]
  • the inventive brake pad's greater arc length at the radially outer region of the brake pad results in generation of greater braking force at a lower local pressure as compared to a generally rectangular brake pad, while simultaneously decreasing the amount of braking force needed from the pad material at the radially inner region of the brake pad.
  • the inventive brake pad had a 20 cm greater arc length in the radially outer region of the brake disc (the arc angle ⁇ B was approximately five degrees, as determined by the radius of the brake disc and the original arc length of the existing rectangular brake pad.
  • the arc angle ⁇ B was approximately five degrees, as determined by the radius of the brake disc and the original arc length of the existing rectangular brake pad.
  • the inventive brake pad Despite a 4% reduction in the overall brake pad surface area for the inventive “wedge” shaped brake pad, the re-distribution of brake application pressure and braking force resulting from the alteration of the distribution of the pad material along the radial height of the brake pad resulted in a reduction of the P1/P2 brake application pressure ratio reduction, while still obtaining the same braking force, of 1.31:1.
  • the wear rate was 31% lower than the existing generally rectangular brake pad.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a preferred carrier mount 26 configured to complement the brake pad of FIG. 2 , having carrier mount brake pad abutment surfaces 27 configured to support the brake pad 10 in the circumferential direction in response to braking reaction forces generated between the brake disc and the brake pads.
  • This is a preferred embodiment, however it is not necessary to change the carrier to obtain many of the benefits of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 also shows this carrier mount embodiment's brake pad lateral projection receiving features 28 , complementarily shaped to receive brake pad 10 's lateral projections 16 to positively retain the brake pad within the disc brake.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US14/844,813 2015-09-03 2015-09-03 Wear optimized pad design Active US9605721B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/844,813 US9605721B1 (en) 2015-09-03 2015-09-03 Wear optimized pad design
CN201680055433.4A CN108138877B (zh) 2015-09-03 2016-09-01 磨损优化的片设计
RU2018111688A RU2728201C2 (ru) 2015-09-03 2016-09-01 Конструкция колодки с оптимизированным износом
PCT/US2016/049872 WO2017040765A1 (en) 2015-09-03 2016-09-01 Wear optimized pad design
CA2997351A CA2997351A1 (en) 2015-09-03 2016-09-01 Wear optimized pad design
AU2016317850A AU2016317850B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2016-09-01 Wear optimized pad design
EP16842972.8A EP3344893A4 (en) 2015-09-03 2016-09-01 WEAR OPTIMIZED STOCK DESIGN
US15/423,953 US9897152B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-02-03 Wear optimized pad design
US15/427,723 US9976610B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-02-08 Wear optimized pad design
HK18110141.7A HK1250770A1 (zh) 2015-09-03 2018-08-07 磨損優化的片設計

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/844,813 US9605721B1 (en) 2015-09-03 2015-09-03 Wear optimized pad design

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/423,953 Continuation US9897152B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-02-03 Wear optimized pad design
US15/427,723 Continuation-In-Part US9976610B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-02-08 Wear optimized pad design

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20170067520A1 US20170067520A1 (en) 2017-03-09
US9605721B1 true US9605721B1 (en) 2017-03-28

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US14/844,813 Active US9605721B1 (en) 2015-09-03 2015-09-03 Wear optimized pad design
US15/423,953 Active US9897152B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-02-03 Wear optimized pad design

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US15/423,953 Active US9897152B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-02-03 Wear optimized pad design

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US (2) US9605721B1 (ru)
EP (1) EP3344893A4 (ru)
CN (1) CN108138877B (ru)
AU (1) AU2016317850B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2997351A1 (ru)
HK (1) HK1250770A1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2728201C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2017040765A1 (ru)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170146081A1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-05-25 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear Optimized Pad Design
US9976610B2 (en) * 2015-09-03 2018-05-22 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear optimized pad design
WO2018148415A1 (en) 2017-02-08 2018-08-16 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear optimized pad design
WO2024036415A1 (en) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-22 Nucap Industries Inc. Reduced profile brake backing plate

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9726243B2 (en) * 2015-03-20 2017-08-08 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Disc brake pad retention system and mounting method
CN108895096B (zh) * 2018-08-02 2019-12-03 江苏大学 一种永磁双盘制动器及其制动方法
DE102018219752A1 (de) 2018-11-19 2020-05-20 Mando Corporation Bremsanordnung

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170146081A1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-05-25 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear Optimized Pad Design
US9897152B2 (en) * 2015-09-03 2018-02-20 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear optimized pad design
US9976610B2 (en) * 2015-09-03 2018-05-22 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear optimized pad design
WO2018148415A1 (en) 2017-02-08 2018-08-16 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Wear optimized pad design
WO2024036415A1 (en) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-22 Nucap Industries Inc. Reduced profile brake backing plate

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EP3344893A4 (en) 2019-04-10
WO2017040765A1 (en) 2017-03-09
AU2016317850A1 (en) 2018-03-29
CN108138877A (zh) 2018-06-08
CA2997351A1 (en) 2017-03-09
RU2018111688A (ru) 2019-10-07
US20170067520A1 (en) 2017-03-09
RU2728201C2 (ru) 2020-07-28
US9897152B2 (en) 2018-02-20
CN108138877B (zh) 2020-07-07
AU2016317850B2 (en) 2020-04-09
US20170146081A1 (en) 2017-05-25
RU2018111688A3 (ru) 2020-03-18
HK1250770A1 (zh) 2019-01-11
EP3344893A1 (en) 2018-07-11

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