US8740007B2 - Cooking utensil and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Cooking utensil and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US8740007B2
US8740007B2 US12/973,913 US97391310A US8740007B2 US 8740007 B2 US8740007 B2 US 8740007B2 US 97391310 A US97391310 A US 97391310A US 8740007 B2 US8740007 B2 US 8740007B2
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metal
composite layer
ceramic composite
cooking
cooking utensil
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US20120111872A1 (en
Inventor
Ming-Sheng Leu
Wu-Han Liu
Wei-Tien Hsiao
Chang-Chih Hsu
Mao-Shin Liu
Zhong-Ren Wu
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Assigned to INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE reassignment INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HSIAO, WEI-TIEN, HSU, CHANG-CHIH, LEU, MING-SHENG, LIU, MAO-SHIN, LIU, Wu-han, WU, ZHONG-REN
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
    • A47J27/02—Cooking-vessels with enlarged heating surfaces
    • A47J27/022—Cooking-vessels with enlarged heating surfaces with enlarged bottom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a cooking utensil suitable for both a gas burner and an induction cooker and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Aluminum pots such as aluminum rice boilers, aluminum steaming pots, aluminum flying pans and so on are widely adopted cooking utensils due to their advantages of light weight, portability, fast production rate (as compared with the production rate of steel pans), less energy consumption and rapid heat conduction.
  • Aluminum pots per se are only suitable for gas burners.
  • an electromagnetic plate is strongly adhered/connected to the bottom of an aluminum pot by forging/soldering, so that the aluminum pot can also be used on induction cookers.
  • the cooking utensils are usually damaged due to two usage habits with gas burners of consumers in the past.
  • the usage habits include the following cases.
  • the food in the cooking utensil is left unfinished, and the consumer places the cooking utensil and together with the unfinished food into the refrigerator to keep food refrigerated at about 0° C., The cooking utensil and the unfinished food are taken out and reheated on the induction cooker the next day.
  • the cooking utensil is used to cook food on the gas burner (the reference temperature for cooking generally ranges from 100° C. to 260° C.), After the food is removed from the cooking utensil, the cooking utensil is directly rinsed and washed with water under room temperature (15° C. to 30° C.).
  • the cooking utensil may not be handled under such extreme conditions everyday, after few months, responses from the market show that the electromagnetic plate detaches or peels off from the aluminum pot, such that the cooking utensil is damaged and can no longer be used on the induction cooker.
  • a cooking utensil satisfying market demands and complying with consuming habits aforementioned is introduced herein. Moreover, the cooking utensil is not damaged when handled under extreme temperatures.
  • a method of manufacturing a cooking utensil is introduced herein, where two or more metal-ceramic composite layers are rapidly formed on an external bottom surface of a cooking body by using a low temperature spray method.
  • the method of manufacturing the cooking utensil is simple, easy, and suitable for mass production.
  • a cooking utensil including a cooking body, a first metal-ceramic composite layer having an electromagnetic property, and a second metal-ceramic composite layer having a heat conductive property is introduced herein.
  • the cooking body has an external bottom surface.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer is disposed on the external bottom surface of the cooking body.
  • the second metal-ceramic composite layer is disposed on the first metal-ceramic composite layer.
  • a method of manufacturing a cooking utensil is further introduced herein.
  • a cooking body having an external bottom surface is provided.
  • a first metal-ceramic composite layer having an electromagnetic property is formed on the external bottom surface of the cooking body by using a low temperature spray method.
  • a second metal-ceramic composite layer having a heat conductive property is then formed on the first metal-ceramic composite layer by using the low temperature spray method.
  • the disclosure is directed to a cooking utensil suitable for both a gas burner and an induction cooker and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the cooking body is fabricated with a non-electromagnetic metal material.
  • the implementation thereof includes the following.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer having the electromagnetic property and the second metal-ceramic composite layer having the heat conductive property are sequentially formed on the external bottom surface of the cooking body by using the low temperature spray method. Consequently, the originally non-electromagnetic cooking body can also be used on the induction cooker and capable of reaching the boiling temperature rapidly, such that the cooking utensil is practical for cooking food.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer having the electromagnetic property manufactured in the disclosure has superior adhesion to the external bottom surface of the cooking body, the first metal-ceramic composite layer is capable of tolerating a sudden wide range of temperature change without detaching from the external bottom surface of the cooking body, and thus, damage of the cooking utensil does not occur.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a cooking utensil according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic top view of an external bottom surface illustrating a cooking utensil according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic top view of an external bottom surface illustrating a cooking utensil according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic top view of an external bottom surface illustrating a cooking utensil according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3B are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a cooking utensil according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a cooking utensil according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • a cooking utensil 10 includes a cooking body 100 , a first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 having an electromagnetic property, and a second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 having a heat conductive property.
  • the cooking body 100 has a bottom portion 102 and a sidewall 104 extended upwardly from the bottom portion 102 .
  • the bottom portion 102 and the sidewall 104 define a cooking space 106 .
  • the cooking body 100 can be a frying pan, a wok, a soup caldron, a pot, or so on.
  • the cooking body 100 also includes a handle 109 .
  • the cooking body 100 has an external bottom surface 108 which is in contact with a heating unit (not shown).
  • the heating unit is, for example, a gas burner or an induction cooker.
  • the cooking body 100 does not have an electromagnetic property. In other words, the cooking body 100 itself can not be used on an induction cooker.
  • the cooking body 100 is fabricated with aluminum, copper, silver, titanium, or an alloy thereof.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 is disposed on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 .
  • a metal portion of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 includes iron, cobalt, nickel, or an alloy thereof.
  • a ceramic portion of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 includes iron oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, or a combination thereof. The metal portion accounts for 50 wt % to 85 wt % of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 .
  • a tensile bond value between the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 is larger than 4000 Psi, for instance.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 does not detach or peel off from the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 110 when repetitively handled under extreme temperatures.
  • an average residual value of a Gaussian value of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 is larger than 3 G and a center residual value of the Gaussian value of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 is larger than 6 G, where both of these values are higher than those of a commercial cooking utensil. Therefore, the cooking utensil 10 of the disclosure is capable of boiling water faster than any commercial cooking utensil when used on an induction cooker.
  • the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 is disposed on the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 .
  • a metal portion of the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 includes aluminum or an alloy thereof.
  • a ceramic portion of the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 includes aluminum oxide. The metal portion accounts for 20 wt % to 85 wt % of the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 .
  • the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 not only increases a heating rate of the cooking utensil 10 , but also protects the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 from being contaminated or damaged by the external environment (i.g. moisture).
  • a thickness of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 ranges from 150 ⁇ m to 1.2 mm, for example, and a thickness of the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 ranges from 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are circular and disposed partially on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 , as shown in FIG. 2A . It is appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 that are circular can also be disposed entirely on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 (not shown).
  • first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are disposed on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 in a spiral manner, as shown in FIG. 2B .
  • first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are disposed on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 in a concentric circular manner, as shown in FIG. 2C .
  • a distance between adjacent concentric circles can be the same or different.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 having the electromagnetic property and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 having the heat conductive property that are sequentially disposed on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 are used as an example for illustration.
  • the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the number of coatings on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 is not limited in the disclosure. It is appreciated by persons skilled in the art that each of the electromagnetic coating and the heat conductive coating of the disclosure can be a single layer or includes multiple layers, and the dispositions thereof can be varied.
  • the cooking utensil 10 of the disclosure further includes a third metal-ceramic composite layer having an electromagnetic property.
  • the third metal-ceramic composite layer is disposed between the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 and the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 to enhance the adhesion therebetween so as to prevent the coating layer from peeling off from the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 .
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 is manufactured with cobalt and cobalt oxide
  • the third metal-ceramic composite layer is manufactured with iron and iron oxide.
  • cobalt and cobalt oxide increase corrosion resistance and iron and iron oxide increase adhesion.
  • a thickness of the third metal-ceramic composite layer ranges from 150 ⁇ m to 1.2 mm, for example.
  • the third metal-ceramic composite layer and the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 are fabricated with the same material or different materials.
  • the cooking utensil 10 of the disclosure further includes a fourth metal-ceramic composite layer having a heat conductive property.
  • the fourth metal-ceramic composite layer is disposed between the third metal-ceramic composite layer and the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 .
  • a thickness of the fourth metal-ceramic composite layer ranges from 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the fourth metal-ceramic composite layer and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are fabricated with the same material or different materials.
  • a method of manufacturing a cooking utensil in the disclosure is illustrated.
  • a cooking body 100 is provided.
  • the cooking body 100 has a bottom portion 102 , a sidewall 104 , an external bottom surface 108 and a handle 109 .
  • the material and the connection of the components of the cooking body 100 are as illustrated in FIG. 1 , and the details are thus omitted hereinafter.
  • a first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 having an electromagnetic property is formed on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 by using a low temperature spray method.
  • a second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 having a heat conductive property is then formed on the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 by using the low temperature spray method. Up to this point, the manufacture of the cooking utensil 10 is completed.
  • An average temperature of the low temperature spray method is less than or equal to 200° C.
  • the low temperature spray method includes a plasma spray method, an arc spray method, a flame spray method, or a high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method.
  • the materials of the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are as illustrated in FIG. 1 and thus not described hereinafter.
  • the method of manufacturing the cooking utensil in the disclosure is fast, simple, and suitable for mass production.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer 110 and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are manufactured on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 continuously using the low temperature spray method.
  • a third metal-ceramic composite layer having an electromagnetic property is further formed on the external bottom surface 108 of the cooking body 100 by using the low temperature spray method.
  • the third metal-ceramic composite layer and the first metal-ceramic composite layer 100 are fabricated with the same material or different materials.
  • a fourth metal-ceramic composite layer having a heat conductive property is further formed on the third metal-ceramic composite layer by using the low temperature spray method.
  • the fourth metal-ceramic composite layer and the second metal-ceramic composite layer 120 are fabricated with the same material or different materials.
  • An experimental group is the cooking utensil of the disclosure.
  • an electromagnetic layer and a heat conductive layer are sequentially plasma-sprayed on an aluminum pot with a spray gun (F4 gun) having a spray nozzle of 6 mm at a spray distance of 130 mm.
  • the parameters of the plasma spray method includes an plasma argon flow of 38 l/min, a hydrogen flow of 10 l/min, an oxygen flow of 8 l/min, an electric current of 500 A, a powder gas argon flow of 3.5 l/min and a powder feed rate of 50 g/min.
  • a diameter of the external bottom surface of the aluminum pot is 175 mm.
  • a composition of the electromagnetic layer is a metal-ceramic composite layer of iron and iron oxide, and the ratio of iron to iron oxide is 79 wt % to 21 wt %.
  • a tensile bond value between the electromagnetic layer and the aluminum pot is 6096 Psi.
  • a composition of the heat conductive layer is a metal-ceramic composite layer of aluminum and aluminum oxide, and the ratio of aluminum to aluminum oxide is 75 wt % to 25 wt %.
  • a cooking utensil of a control group 1 is an aluminum pot with AISI 420 electromagnetic layer arc sprayed on the external bottom surface thereof.
  • a cooking utensil of a control group 2 is a commercial 304 stainless steel cooking utensil.
  • Table 1 shows testing results of the experimental group and the control groups.
  • the cooking utensil of the disclosure has higher center residual value and average residual value of the Gaussian value than the commercial cooking utensil. Therefore, the cooking utensil of the disclosure is capable of boiling water faster than any commercial cooking utensil when used on an induction cooker.
  • the water inside the cooking utensils of the experimental group and the control group 2 can reach the boiling temperature (100° C.).
  • the water in the cooking utensil of the control group 1 only reaches 80° C.; that is, the water can not be boiled.
  • the cooking utensil of the control group 1 can only be utilized for heating food.
  • the aluminum pot in the experimental group has lighter weight, lower cost, and easier manufacture as compared with the stainless steel pot in the control group 2, and is likely to attract more attention of the manufacturers.
  • the cooking utensil of the disclosure is tested by simulating the handling of consumers.
  • the cooking utensil of the disclosure is cooled at 0° C. (the freezing point) and then heated on the induction cooker until the water inside the cooking utensil reaches the boiling point. After 10 repetitive trials, the coating layer remains attached to the bottom of the cooking utensil and does not peel off therefrom.
  • the cooking utensil of the disclosure is heated to about 260° C. on the gas burner and then quenched to about 60° C. using water under room temperature. After 10 repetitive trials, the coating layer remains attached to the bottom of the cooking utensil and does not peel off therefrom.
  • the first metal-ceramic composite layer having the electromagnetic property and the second metal-ceramic composite layer having the heat conductive property are sequentially sprayed on the external bottom surface of the non-electromagnetic metal cooking body by using the low temperature spray method.
  • the metal-ceramic composite layer having the electromagnetic property manufactured in the disclosure has superior adhesion to the external bottom surface of the cooking body, and is capable of tolerating a sudden wide range of temperature change without detaching from the external bottom surface of the cooking body, and thus, damage of the cooking utensil does not occur.
  • the method of the disclosure does not require thermal treatment and is thus faster than the traditional mechanical pressing method, soldering method, or forging method.
  • the method in the disclosure does not involve damages caused by long term contact with acids or basic solutions resided from the plating process, or food contamination or other environmental issue.

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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TW99138365A TWI466650B (zh) 2010-11-08 2010-11-08 鍋具及其製造方法
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CN103565287B (zh) * 2013-11-12 2016-01-27 哈尔滨工业大学 一种复合铝底的钛锅及其制备方法
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CN104523128A (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-04-22 马人欢 防辐射环保电磁炉锅
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CN105821368A (zh) * 2016-04-25 2016-08-03 昆明理工大学 一种电磁感应加热复合涂层的制备方法
CN107174111A (zh) * 2017-04-06 2017-09-19 黄秀芳 电磁炉适用陶瓷营养煲具
WO2018211528A2 (en) * 2017-05-17 2018-11-22 Agaso Technologies Pvt. Ltd. "a cooking utensil and manufacturing method thereof"
CN107260005A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2017-10-20 泾县信达工贸有限公司 一种耐污电饭锅锅盖
CN111435695B (zh) * 2019-01-11 2021-09-14 财团法人工业技术研究院 发光装置及其电极

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TWI466650B (zh) 2015-01-01

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