US8118642B2 - Method and machine tool for machining an optical object - Google Patents

Method and machine tool for machining an optical object Download PDF

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Publication number
US8118642B2
US8118642B2 US12/306,127 US30612707A US8118642B2 US 8118642 B2 US8118642 B2 US 8118642B2 US 30612707 A US30612707 A US 30612707A US 8118642 B2 US8118642 B2 US 8118642B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
machining
tool
machining tool
receiving surface
face
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US12/306,127
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US20090304472A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Coulon
Jean-Pierre Chauveau
Alain Dubois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EssilorLuxottica SA
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Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
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Assigned to ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (COMPAGNIE GENERALE D'OPTIQUE) reassignment ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (COMPAGNIE GENERALE D'OPTIQUE) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DUBOIS, ALAIN, COULON, ALAIN, CHAUVEAU, JEAN-PIERRE
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Assigned to ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL reassignment ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Essilor International (Compagnie Générale d'Optique)
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/0012—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor for multifocal lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor grinding of lenses, the tool or work being controlled by information-carrying means, e.g. patterns, punched tapes, magnetic tapes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/303752—Process

Definitions

  • the invention concerns the field of the fabrication of optical objects, such as ophthalmic lenses, molds or inserts, for example.
  • the invention more particularly concerns a method of machining one face of such an optical object.
  • Machining optical objects generally necessitates particular attention as to the precision and the regularity of the machined shapes. In particular, machining defects linked to wear of the tool employed for this machining must be avoided.
  • the document U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,587 describes a machine tool for lenses including a spherical tool mounted turning about its longitudinal axis, called the first axis, this tool moreover being orientable angularly by its pivoting about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.
  • a part-carrier, intended to support the lens is arranged in a similar manner and enables rotation of the lens about a third axis, coplanar with the first axis, and enables angular orientation of the lens by its pivoting about a fourth axis perpendicular to the third axis.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the machining devices and methods the precision whereof is adapted to the machining of optical objects.
  • the invention is directed to a method of machining a face of an optical object, including a step of providing a machine tool that itself includes:
  • Such a method circumvents defects of machining tool shape error type. In the end it guarantees a better appearance of the machined surface and better durability of the machining tool.
  • the method circumvents the defects of the machining tool by ensuring that the point of contact between this tool and the face to be machined is always situated on a same parallel of the tool, and this on a machine having a rotating table and a machining tool mobile in translation.
  • This method further enables a trajectory of the machining tool that involves, in the first place, lower levels of acceleration and that, in the second place, is free of problems of reversing the trajectory.
  • the spindles of the machine tool therefore do not need to be overspecified and wear of the tools is more regular.
  • Another object of the invention is a machine tool adapted to the implementation of the method previously indicated, characterized in that it includes a rotating table having a receiving surface and a spindle adapted to drive a machining tool in rotation about an axis substantially parallel to the receiving surface of the rotating table and adapted to move this machining tool in translation in a plane substantially parallel to the receiving surface of the table, and a support fixed to the table so that this support projects transversely to the table, this support including means for holding the optical object so that the face to be machined of the optical object is disposed transversely to the receiving surface of the rotating table.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the operative members of a machine tool of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the face to be machined of an optical object on which the trajectory of the machining tool is represented diagrammatically;
  • FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view illustrating the cooperation between the optical object and the machining tool
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views illustrating the theoretical principle of machining along a predetermined same parallel
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views illustrating the implementation of the principle illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 by the FIG. 1 machine;
  • FIG. 8A is a three-dimensional view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating in the form of an arrow the normal at the point of contact of the surface to be machined;
  • FIGS. 8B and 8C are two-dimensional views of FIG. 8A respectively from above and from the front;
  • FIGS. 9A , 9 B and 9 C are similar to FIGS. 8A , 8 B and 8 C, respectively, but for another point of contact between the optical object and the machining tool;
  • FIG. 10 is a view of an angular tool-part trajectory 11 ′ offset 90° relative to that of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a view of a means for plotting a profile.
  • the machine tool represented includes a rotating table 1 (seen from the side in this figure) of circular shape.
  • This rotating table 1 can be oriented angularly about an axis perpendicular to its center in both directions (arrow 2 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the rotating table 1 has a receiving surface 3 at the top.
  • a bracket 4 is fixed, for example screwed, to the receiving surface 3 so that a mounting surface 5 of the bracket 4 projects perpendicularly to the receiving surface 3 .
  • the bracket 4 includes jaws (not shown) adapted to hold an optical object, which is an ophthalmic lens 6 in the present example, so that a surface 7 to be machined of the ophthalmic lens 6 is disposed transversely to the receiving surface 3 .
  • This machine tool also includes a spindle 8 on which is mounted a machining tool 9 which in the present example is a grinding tool with a spherical bearing surface.
  • the spindle 8 is adapted to drive the tool 9 in rotation as shown by the arrow 10 and to move this tool 9 in translation in the three directions X, Y and Z to enable the tool 9 to machine the entire surface 7 of the ophthalmic lens 6 .
  • the spindle 8 is inclined relative to the axis Z.
  • the movement of the tool 9 in the three directions X, Y and Z can be effected via a fixed spindle 8 and a rotating table 1 that is itself mobile in translation in the directions X, Y and Z.
  • any combination of movements of the tool 9 and the rotating table 1 enabling such relative movement of the tool 9 and the rotating table 1 is an acceptable variant.
  • the surface 7 to be machined which is seen from above in FIG. 2 , is machined here along a fluted trajectory represented diagrammatically by the line 11 .
  • the machining is effected in the form of a series of passes of the tool 9 driven in rotation and moved along a trajectory parallel to the receiving surface 3 .
  • the surface to be machined appears from the front as a disc, it being understood that the lens 6 is curved and that this surface 7 to be machined is therefore not plane.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in three dimensions the tool-part relative positioning on a same parallel P of the tool 9 .
  • the tool 9 Before being mounted on the spindle 8 , the tool 9 is mounted on equipment for determining its dynamic profile. This equipment is adapted to rotate the tool 9 .
  • the dynamic profile of the tool is plotted, for example, by placing the tool 9 between a parallel light beam and a screen so that the shadow of the tool 9 projected onto the screen takes account of this dynamic profile 12 , or by filming the rotating tool 9 and displaying this image on a screen (see FIG. 11 ).
  • the dynamic profile measuring equipment also enables manual or electronic manipulation of this image and measurement and tracing on this dynamic profile 12 .
  • the tool 9 is a finishing tool
  • the tool can be trued and balanced directly on the spindle, after which its dynamic profile is measured.
  • This parallel P is determined by the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 13 of the tool 9 and the dynamic profile 12 of the tool 9 .
  • the perpendicular 15 to the tangent 14 at the point C cuts the rotation axis 13 at a point R D which is the dynamic radius of the tool 9 .
  • This perpendicular 15 is therefore the normal to the dynamic profile 12 at the point C.
  • the machining is then carried out so that, in the first place, the tool 9 is always in contact with the surface to be machined at the point C, that is to say, the tool being a rotary tool, always on the same parallel P, and that, in the second place, the relative angular orientation between the tool and the surface to be machined is such that the normal N to the surface to be machined at the point of contact C passes through the point R D , in other words coincides with the perpendicular 15 .
  • FIG. 5 shows two possible positions of the tool 9 along a surface 7 to be machined conforming to the above principles.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are views from above with respect to the FIG. 1 representation.
  • the rotating table 1 is angularly oriented so that the surface 7 is placed as shown in FIG. 6 , i.e. so that the normal N to the surface 7 at the point of contact C passes through the center R D , which implies that the angle A between this normal N and the rotation axis 13 of the tool 9 is always preserved.
  • the tool 9 is then moved along a trajectory parallel to the receiving surface 3 of the rotating table 1 , i.e. in the X, Z plane.
  • FIG. 7 shows another position of the tool 9 after movement.
  • the rotating table 1 has been oriented angularly, as before, so that the normal N 2 at the point C 2 passes through the point R D .
  • This angular orientation of the rotating table 1 is effected as the tool 9 travels over the surface 7 to be machined.
  • the tool 9 is moved in translation perpendicularly to the receiving surface 3 , i.e. along the axis Y, as shown in FIG. 2 , after which a new pass in the X, Z plane is carried out in the same manner. These operations are repeated until the surface 7 has been machined completely.
  • the machining point C(X, Y, Z) part and its normal p (U, V, W) part in the system of axes of the part are known.
  • the grinding tool center point R D (X gt , Y gt , Z gt ) part and its direction p (U gt , V gt , W gt ) part in the system of axes of the part are what is being looked for.
  • the grinding tool system of axes ( grinding tool , grinding tool , grinding tool ) is defined, which is a rectangular system of axes with its origin at the center of the grinding tool and colinear with the direction of the grinding tool.
  • B - ⁇ + arcsin ( sin ⁇ ⁇ A U 2 + W 2 ) + arccos ( U U 2 + W 2 )
  • B - arcsin ( sin ⁇ ⁇ A U 2 + W 2 ) + arccos ( U U 2 + W 2 )
  • the condition to be verified for the angle to be correct is cos 2 A ⁇ V 2 .
  • R grinding tool is the radius of the grinding tool.
  • the machining can be carried out in two steps:
  • the tool is worn symmetrically on each side of the parallel P that has been chosen, which improves prediction and control of this wear.
  • the tool 9 machines the surface 7 by attacking the material perpendicularly to the trajectory of movement of the tool 9 , which circumvents machining defects inherent to the machining mode in which the material is either “swallowed” or “pushed”, when the tool attacks the material parallel to its trajectory of movement.
  • the parallel P is chosen as a function of the shape of the surface 7 to be machined so that no portion of this surface 7 is inaccessible to this parallel P given the possible angular movements between the tool 9 and the rotating table 1 and taking into account the overall size of the spindle 8 .
  • FIGS. 8A to 9C show the machining of the lens 6 by the tool 9 at a first point of contact C 1 (as in FIG. 6 ), whereas FIGS. 9A to 9C show the machining of the lens 6 by the tool 9 at a second point of contact C 2 (as in FIG. 7 ).
  • FIGS. 8A to 9C the normal N at the point of contact C of the surface 7 to be machined is represented.
  • the passage from the point of contact C 1 in FIGS. 8A to 8C to the point of contact C 2 in FIGS. 9A to 9C shifts the normal N from its position N 1 to its position N 2 , of course.
  • This normal N evolves as a function of the point of contact C within a conical volume.
  • the machine tool can include two separate spindles, a first spindle for rough machining and a second spindle for finishing and semi-finishing of the optical object, such as an ophthalmic lens, a mold or an insert.
  • the machine tool can advantageously further include a tool changer adapted to position a tool 9 on the spindle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
US12/306,127 2006-06-22 2007-06-13 Method and machine tool for machining an optical object Active 2028-12-04 US8118642B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0605622A FR2902683B1 (fr) 2006-06-22 2006-06-22 Procede et machine d'usinage pour objet optique.
FR0605622 2006-06-22
PCT/FR2007/000982 WO2007147958A2 (fr) 2006-06-22 2007-06-13 Procédé et machine d'usinage pour objet optique

Publications (2)

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US20090304472A1 US20090304472A1 (en) 2009-12-10
US8118642B2 true US8118642B2 (en) 2012-02-21

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US12/306,127 Active 2028-12-04 US8118642B2 (en) 2006-06-22 2007-06-13 Method and machine tool for machining an optical object

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US (1) US8118642B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2029322B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2007262926B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0713386B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2655636C (fr)
FR (1) FR2902683B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007147958A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100003903A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Simon Wolber Device for processing the surface of spherical shells
US20100190414A1 (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-07-29 Harada Daijitsu Method of processing synthetic quartz glass substrate for semiconductor
US20120094577A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2012-04-19 Alexandre Gourraud Method for Machining a Surface of an Optical Lens
US20130343165A1 (en) * 2011-03-16 2013-12-26 Comadur S.A. External piece for a timepiece and system of manufacturing the same
US10493597B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-12-03 Zeeko Limited Method for shaping a workpiece

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2987771B1 (fr) * 2012-03-07 2014-04-25 Essilor Int Procede de polissage d'une surface optique au moyen d'un outil de polissage

Citations (19)

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US4989316A (en) * 1987-03-09 1991-02-05 Gerber Scientific Products, Inc. Method and apparatus for making prescription eyeglass lenses
US5231587A (en) * 1990-07-12 1993-07-27 Loh Optical Machinery, Inc. Computer controlled lens surfacer
US5417130A (en) * 1989-04-12 1995-05-23 Carl Benzinger Gmbh & Co. Process and device for machining and workpieces to shape
DE4412370A1 (de) 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Schneider Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen asphärischer Linsenoberflächen
US5681209A (en) * 1996-01-29 1997-10-28 Constant Velocity Systems, Inc. Housing grinding machine
DE19616526A1 (de) 1996-04-25 1997-11-06 Rainer Jung Maschine zur materialabtragenden Bearbeitung optischer Werkstoffe für die Herstellung von Optikteilen
US5895311A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-04-20 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Abrasive device that maintains normal line of contact with curved abrasive surface and method of using same
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CA2356497A1 (fr) 2001-08-30 2003-02-28 Applied Physics Specialties Limited Machine a polir a axes multiples
US20060189255A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2006-08-24 Hoya Corporation Spectacle lens manufacturing method and spectacle lens manufacturing system
US7104870B2 (en) * 2004-01-21 2006-09-12 Zhang-Hua Fong Modified radial motion (MRM) method for modifying lengthwise curvature of face-milling spiral bevel and hypoid gears
US20070049175A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-01 Edge Technologies, Inc. Diamond tool blade with circular cutting edge
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US7494305B2 (en) * 2004-08-03 2009-02-24 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Raster cutting technology for ophthalmic lenses

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4989316A (en) * 1987-03-09 1991-02-05 Gerber Scientific Products, Inc. Method and apparatus for making prescription eyeglass lenses
US5417130A (en) * 1989-04-12 1995-05-23 Carl Benzinger Gmbh & Co. Process and device for machining and workpieces to shape
US5231587A (en) * 1990-07-12 1993-07-27 Loh Optical Machinery, Inc. Computer controlled lens surfacer
DE4412370A1 (de) 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Schneider Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen asphärischer Linsenoberflächen
US5971836A (en) * 1994-08-30 1999-10-26 Seiko Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Grinding machine
US5938381A (en) * 1995-08-12 1999-08-17 Loh Optikmaschinen Ag Method and tool for creating a concave surface from a spectacle blank
US5681209A (en) * 1996-01-29 1997-10-28 Constant Velocity Systems, Inc. Housing grinding machine
DE19616526A1 (de) 1996-04-25 1997-11-06 Rainer Jung Maschine zur materialabtragenden Bearbeitung optischer Werkstoffe für die Herstellung von Optikteilen
US5895311A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-04-20 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Abrasive device that maintains normal line of contact with curved abrasive surface and method of using same
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CA2356497A1 (fr) 2001-08-30 2003-02-28 Applied Physics Specialties Limited Machine a polir a axes multiples
US7104870B2 (en) * 2004-01-21 2006-09-12 Zhang-Hua Fong Modified radial motion (MRM) method for modifying lengthwise curvature of face-milling spiral bevel and hypoid gears
US20060189255A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2006-08-24 Hoya Corporation Spectacle lens manufacturing method and spectacle lens manufacturing system
US7494305B2 (en) * 2004-08-03 2009-02-24 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Raster cutting technology for ophthalmic lenses
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US20080026678A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2008-01-31 Kim George A Diamond tool blade with circular cutting edge
US7476143B2 (en) * 2006-01-05 2009-01-13 Nidek Co., Ltd. Eyeglass lens processing system
US7373706B2 (en) * 2006-05-12 2008-05-20 Satisloh Gmbh Apparatus and method for generating an optical surface on a workpiece

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100003903A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Simon Wolber Device for processing the surface of spherical shells
US20100190414A1 (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-07-29 Harada Daijitsu Method of processing synthetic quartz glass substrate for semiconductor
US8360824B2 (en) * 2009-01-27 2013-01-29 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method of processing synthetic quartz glass substrate for semiconductor
US20120094577A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2012-04-19 Alexandre Gourraud Method for Machining a Surface of an Optical Lens
US8965557B2 (en) * 2009-06-15 2015-02-24 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Method for machining a surface of an optical lens
US20130343165A1 (en) * 2011-03-16 2013-12-26 Comadur S.A. External piece for a timepiece and system of manufacturing the same
US9372474B2 (en) * 2011-03-16 2016-06-21 Comadur S.A. External piece for a timepiece and system of manufacturing the same
US10493597B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-12-03 Zeeko Limited Method for shaping a workpiece

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2902683A1 (fr) 2007-12-28
AU2007262926B2 (en) 2013-02-14
BRPI0713386A2 (pt) 2012-04-03
CA2655636A1 (fr) 2007-12-27
WO2007147958A3 (fr) 2008-01-31
WO2007147958A2 (fr) 2007-12-27
WO2007147958A8 (fr) 2008-06-05
EP2029322A2 (fr) 2009-03-04
EP2029322B1 (fr) 2019-02-20
BRPI0713386A8 (pt) 2018-07-31
FR2902683B1 (fr) 2008-10-10
CA2655636C (fr) 2014-08-05
US20090304472A1 (en) 2009-12-10
BRPI0713386B1 (pt) 2019-03-26
AU2007262926A1 (en) 2007-12-27

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