US5567423A - Animal growth promotant - Google Patents
Animal growth promotant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5567423A US5567423A US08/230,007 US23000794A US5567423A US 5567423 A US5567423 A US 5567423A US 23000794 A US23000794 A US 23000794A US 5567423 A US5567423 A US 5567423A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- growth promotant
- enzymes
- animal growth
- animal
- promotant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to in vivo growth promotion in animals, and more specifically pertains to a growth promotant, processes for its production and methods for increasing animal growth.
- Another wide-spread practice is the incorporation of antibiotics into animal feed. This helps to control opportunistic bacterial infection, creating overall better health of stock with consequent weight gain. This practice has come under close scrutiny from health authorities, and has been condemned as facilitating the production of antibiotic resistant strains of micro-organisms. This is of particular concern where the antibiotics used as feed additives are commonly prescribed human therapeutics.
- Australian Patent No. 516,072 proposes to protect digestive enzymes from gastric inactivation by mixing them with a binding system, a stabiliser, and disintegrant, then coating the mixture with an enteric coating.
- the enteric coating allows passage through the stomach, whereafter it breaks down in the alkaline environment of the duodenum.
- the binder and disintegrant facilitate rapid liberation of the enzymes into the duodenum.
- This proposal has the disadvantage that the digestive enzymes are partially inactivated on blending them with a binding agent and a disintegrant, in the presence of organic solvents such as isopropanol and methylene chloride. Further, the digestive enzymes are also partially inactivated by organic solvent when an enteric coating is applied.
- the granular size of particles produced according to U.S. Pat. No. 516,072 are generally unsatisfactory, due to their large size which prevents uniform distribution through feed.
- the present invention seeks to provide a growth promotant for the effective utilization of feed components.
- a growth promotant comprising microgranules having a core consisting of one or more enzymes selected from:
- the core being encapsulated with a water soluble film, and coated with an enteric coating comprising an alkali soluble acid insoluble polymer, or a high molecular weight polymer whose structure is substituted with or contains windows of fatty acid or other material capable of being solubilized by intestinal juices.
- immobilized form refers to the enzymes being immobilized within a gel-like material, enclosed within a semi-permeable membrane, adsorbed onto adsorbing agents or bound to chelating agents.
- Enzymes may be immobilized, for example, by any of the following methods:
- the immobilization is carried out so that the enzymes retain their biological activity.
- the entrapment of enzymes within a core may be carried out by the admixture of the enzymes with agents capable of forming a gel under certain conditions, such that the enzymes are entrapped within the formed gel matrix.
- gel-forming agents examples include k-carrageenan, gelatin, alginates, cellulose or its derivatives, or various gel-forming synthetic polymers such as polyamides or chitosan. If an absorbing agent is used it is preferably microfined activated charcoal.
- Chelating agents useful in the immobilization of enzymes include EDTA, its salts or derivatives, and high molecular weight hydrophilic polymers such as polyacrylamides or high molecular weight salts capable of disassociating their ionic bond in aqueous solution or aqueous/hydrophilic solvent.
- the particle size of the microgranules is preferably between 25 and 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 50 and 350 ⁇ m.
- Protein digesting enzymes proteolytic enzymes
- cathepsin a, b and c glandular kallekriens proteinase K, subtilisin, ficin, streptodornase, papain, rennin, trypsin, bromelin and any protease from bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin,
- amylase glucoamylase, maltase, lactase, ⁇ -glucanase, glucose isomerase, glucose oxidase, invertase and any carbohydrate digesting enzyme of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin,
- pancreatic lipase pancreatic lipase, bacterial and fungal lipase,
- Encapsulation involves the deposition of a thin film or a mechanical barrier over the core enabling physical separation of the core of each microgranule and its environment.
- This barrier or film is soluble in aqueous solution.
- An example of a compound forming a suitable mechanical barrier is gelatin.
- the enteric coating is preferably cellulose acetate phthalate. However, any other acid resistant, alkali soluble polymer may be utilized.
- Butyl methacrylate or other high molecular weight polymers may be substituted with or contain windows of stearic acid or any other fatty acid derivative, such as CH 12-24 fatty acids, capable of being solubilized by intestinal juice.
- the immobilization of digestive enzymes within a gel is a most advantageous feature.
- the gel matrix restricts the accessibility of denaturing agents, such as organic solvents used in the application of an enteric coating (an acid insoluble, base soluble coating such as cellulose acetate phthalate), to the enzymes.
- denaturing agents such as organic solvents used in the application of an enteric coating (an acid insoluble, base soluble coating such as cellulose acetate phthalate)
- enteric coating an acid insoluble, base soluble coating such as cellulose acetate phthalate
- the gel matrix in which the digestive enzymes may be immobilized is porous and permeable. Accordingly, when the gel is exposed to aqueous conditions, such as the environment of the duodenum, the gel swells due to the entry of intestinal juice into the gel matrix, and the digestive enzymes are released and pass out of the gel for catalytic activity.
- Microgranules of a very small particle size may be produced without the loss of biological activity of the digestive enzymes according to the practice of the present Invention.
- digestive enzymes immobilized within a gel, or in a solution capable of forming a gel are easy to handle and process, and may be subject to gentle procedures to produce microgranules of the desired small particle size.
- a gel containing digestive enzymes may be extruded through a sieve of very small pore size, or may be freeze dried to give particles of the desired size.
- digestive enzymes in a solution capable of forming a gel may be sprayed, through a suitable nozzle to form fine droplets which pass into a solution which causes the droplets to gel, thereby immobilizing the digestive enzymes within the formed gel matrix.
- the size of the granule formed in this manner is determined by the pore size in the nozzle and the pressure at which the solution is atomized.
- enzymes are merely mixed with conventional binding agents which are not susceptible to the above treatments to produce microgranules of the desired particle size.
- Microgranules of a small particle size are most desirable, as they may be evenly distributed through feed, and allow rapid release of enzymes, due to the increased surface area of the microgranules.
- the growth promotant of the present invention enables pH sensitive digestive enzymes to be protected from inactivation in the stomach or the rumen, yet be available for action in the intestinal tract, particularly the duodenum.
- the growth promotant reaches the alkaline regions of the intestine of monogastric animals, the outer coating is dissolved, of the fatty acid windows are digested. Intestinal juice is then able to pass to the water soluble coating causing it to be degraded. This exposes the core, causing it to swell and release digestive enzymes.
- a high molecular weight polymer such as butylmethacrylate with fatty acid windows, preferably C 12-24 , allows the passage of the growth promotant through the rumen and the stomach.
- fatty acid windows are digested by lipases, thus allowing the water soluble coating to be degraded and the core exposed, causing it to swell and release digestive enzymes.
- the small particle size of the microgranules which may be achieved according to the practice of the present invention, facilitates the passage of microgranules through the rumen.
- Animals which may be treated by the present method include pigs, sheep, goats, horses, chickens, ducks, and other domestic animals.
- the growth promotant of the present invention may be orally administered to animals.
- a composition for increasing animal growth containing the animal growth promotant as previously described in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable, or veterinarily acceptable carrier or excipient.
- the growth promotant may be administered with water, kaolin, talc, calcium carbonate, lactose, sodium chloride, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, ferrosulphate, manganese sulphate, potassium iodide, sulphur, potassium chloride, selenium, and/or vitamins such as blotin, choline, chloride, nicotinamide, folic acid, and vitamins A, D3, E, K, B1, B2, B6 and B12.
- a food composition for promoting growth in animals comprising the aforementioned growth promotant in association with an appropriate animal feed stock.
- animal feed stocks include one or more of the following: maize, wheat, middling, soya bean meal, fish meal, grass meal, skim milk, tricalciumphosphate, malt, corn, rice, milo, whey, alfa-alfa meal, etc.
- the various amounts (w/w) of enzyme(s) incorporated into the growth promotant is not critical.
- the optimal amounts of enzymes to be incorporated into the growth promotant may be readily determined without undue experimentation.
- each kilogram of the growth promotant contains the following:
- Cellulase 2 ⁇ 10 2 to 2 ⁇ 10 6 Vitapharm cellulase units.
- one kilogram of growth promotant of the present invention contains:
- Amylase 4.3 ⁇ 10 6 amylase units
- Lipase 5 ⁇ 10 1 lipase units
- Cellulase 2 ⁇ 10 4 cellulase units.
- Each of the above enzymes are food grade, as defined in the Food Chemical Index, Ed. 111.
- step (d) coating the microgranules of step (c) with either an alkaline soluble acid insoluble polymer, or a high molecular weight polymer whose structure is interrupted by interstices and windows of fatty acid.
- microgranules are spray coated with the water soluble mechanical barrier of step (c) and the coating of step (d).
- immobilzation within a core refers to the enzymes being immobilized within a gel-like material.
- Animal growth promotants of this invention increase animal weight gain and improve feed utilization. Additionally, the animal growth promotant reduces carcase backfat. This gives leaner meat which is commercially desirable.
- 1% w/v of equal enzymatic activities (equal enzymatic activities is defined as the amount of enzyme capable of digesting the equal weight of its specific substrate) of amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase are dissolved in isotonic phosphate buffer solution (40% 0.067M NaH 2 PO 4 +60% of 0.67M Na 2 HPO 4 ) at pH 6 at 50° C.
- This solution is added to solution (a) arid homogenized at 500 rpm for 15 minutes.
- 2-5% w/v of ionized calcium in water is then added to the solution and the resulting solution is homogenized for a further hour at 50 rpm and then cooled to 20° C. giving a gel and an aqueous phase.
- step (b) the gel phase of step (b) is extruded and sprayed through 50 ⁇ m size pores at 3 kP/cm 2 and dropped 1-5 meters into 2.5% w/w glutaraldehyde or formalin solution resulting in granule formation.
- the granules are then filtered and washed with a softening agent such as glycerol. Any film softener may be used.
- step (h) As an alternative to step (g) a high molecular weight polymer whose structure is interrupted by interstices or windows or fatty acid, is spray coated onto the granules until the final weight is 105% w/w.
- the coating comprises:
- k-carrageenan can be substituted with any gel forming agent such as alginic acid, gelatin, or cellulose and its derivatives.
- calcium can be substituted with any other alkaline metal ions such as: K, Rb 2+ , Cs + or alkali metal ions such as Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ or bi- or tri-valent metal ions such as Al 3+ , Mn 2+ , Ba 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , etc. or NH 4 + ions or aliphatic amines or aromatic diamines such as triethylamines, methelenediamines, ethylamines, hexamethylenendiamines, etc.
- alkaline metal ions such as: K, Rb 2+ , Cs + or alkali metal ions such as Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ or bi- or tri-valent metal ions such as Al 3+ , Mn 2+ , Ba 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , etc. or NH 4
- Pigs in the "grower phase” 22-50 kilogram live weight
- “finisher phase” 50-80 kilograms live weight
- Each kilogram of the growth promotant comprises 2 ⁇ 10 5 protease units, 4.3 ⁇ 10 amylase units, 5 ⁇ 10 1 lipase units and 2 ⁇ 10 4 cellulase units.
- the growth promotant was added to a standard feed stock of wheat, barley, sweet lupin seed, and meat meal.
- the feed stock contained 13.4 MJ digestible energy per kilogram, 18.3% crude protein, containing 0.95% lysine, 0.54% methionine and 0.56% threonine along with recommended levels of minerals and vitamins.
- the six dietary treatments investigated consisted of adding the growth promotant at the rate of 0-1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16 kilograms per ton of feed. Each treatment was allocated to growing pigs which were fed to a level of three times maintenance which amounted to 84% and 87% of full appetite during the grower (22-50 kilograms) and finisher (50-80 kilograms) phases respectively.
- Vitapharm protease unit is defined as the amount of enzyme which will liberate 0.0447 milligrams of non-protein nitrogen in a 30 minute colorimetric Hemoglobin Assay. This assay is carried out at pH 4.7, 40° C. using denatured hemoglobin.
- Trichloroacetic Acid 70% in distilled water
- HU Hemoglobin Unit
- ⁇ A absorbance of enzyme digest filtrate at 660 nm
- F fixed relationship between color development by phenol reagent and protease hydrolysis. See standardization procedure for explanation.
- proteases cleave different peptide bonds. There is no universal relationship between color development by phenol reagent and the extent of hydrolysis. However, a fixed relationship does exist for each type of protease. The fixed relationship, i.e. F factor, can be determined by incubating hemoglobin substrate with a sample of known hemoglobin activity. The incubation is folowed with a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination.
- ⁇ N is raised to the 1.5 power, i.e. ⁇ N 3/2 . If ⁇ N 3/2 versus mg enzyme is plotted, a straight line is obtained. From the straight line plot determine the weight of enzyme needed to liberate exactly 5 mg. N.
- One Vitapharm amylase unit is defined as the amount of activity which liberates one milligram of reducing sugar as maltose in 30 minutes under conditions of the VitapharmAmylase Assay, described hereunder.
- NaCl analytical grade sodium chloride
- the enzyme solution should be of such concentration that 1 ml. will produce approximately 20% theoretical maltose during the incubation period. Amylases are unstable in dilute solution. The appropriate enzyme solution should therefore, be prepared immediately before use. Do not equilibrate the enzyme solution at 40° C. because of the danger of inactivation.
- the reducing value of the sample titrated equals the iodine blank minus the starch blanks minus the sodium thiosulfate titration of the digest multiplied by 0.855. 1 ml. of 0.005N sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to 0.885 mg. maltose.
- the sample titrated is equivalent to 1 ml. of the original digest.
- the reducing value of the sample titrated multiplied by 50 gives the actual mg. of reducing sugar calculated as maltose obtained from 1 gm. of starch.
- Vitapharm lipase unit is defined as that activity which will liberate one milli equivalent of fatty acid in two hours using a Vitapharm Amylase Assay described hereunder.
- Sample dilution will depend on the lipase activity of the preparation.
- the extent of hydrolysis of the substrate by different levels of enzyme is not linear.
- the amount of enzyme required to give a titration difference (sample titer-blank titer) of 4.0 ml. of 0.05N NaOH is the correct amount of enzyme. There are two procedures that can be used to determine this amount of enzyme.
- Vitapharm cellulase unit is defined as that activity which will produce a relative fluidity change of one in five minutes in a defined carboxymethyl cellulose substrate under assay conditions.
- the assay is based on enzymatic hydrolysis of the interior beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds of a defined carboxymethyl cellulose substrate at pH 4.5 and 40° C.
- CMC Type 7HP Use sodium carboxymethyl cellulose designated CMC Type 7HP, Hercules, Inc., 910 Market Street, Wilmington, Del. 19899.
- step five Repeat step five until a total of four determinations is obtained over a reaction time (T r ) of not more than 15 minutes.
- One Cellulase Unit is that activity which will produce a relative fluidity change of 1 in 5 minutes in a defined carboxymethyl cellulose substrate under the conditions of assay.
- T s average efflux time for the substrate blank in seconds
- T w average efflux time for the water blank in seconds
- T r elapsed time in minutes from zero time; i.e. the time for addition of the enzyme solution to the buffered substrate until the beginning of the measurement of efflux time (T t )
- T M reaction time in minutes (T r ), plus one-half of the efflux time (T t ) converted to minutes.
- W weight in milligrams of enzyme added to the reaction mixture in a 1 ml. aliquot of enzyme solution.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/230,007 US5567423A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1994-04-19 | Animal growth promotant |
US08/694,092 US5688502A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1996-08-08 | Animal growth promotant |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPH771486 | 1986-08-28 | ||
AUPH7714/86 | 1986-08-28 | ||
PCT/AU1987/000269 WO1988001512A1 (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1987-08-17 | Animal growth promotant |
US32807589A | 1989-02-23 | 1989-02-23 | |
US83358792A | 1992-02-12 | 1992-02-12 | |
US08/230,007 US5567423A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1994-04-19 | Animal growth promotant |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US83358792A Continuation | 1986-08-28 | 1992-02-12 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/694,092 Continuation US5688502A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1996-08-08 | Animal growth promotant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5567423A true US5567423A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
Family
ID=3771790
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/230,007 Expired - Fee Related US5567423A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1994-04-19 | Animal growth promotant |
US08/694,092 Expired - Fee Related US5688502A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1996-08-08 | Animal growth promotant |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/694,092 Expired - Fee Related US5688502A (en) | 1986-08-28 | 1996-08-08 | Animal growth promotant |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5567423A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0319545B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2593501B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR940000065B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN87105846A (de) |
AU (1) | AU604052B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1322159C (de) |
DE (1) | DE3777658D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK171626B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2004989A6 (de) |
MY (1) | MY101342A (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ221577A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1988001512A1 (de) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5688502A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1997-11-18 | Enzacor Properties Limited | Animal growth promotant |
US5959076A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1999-09-28 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Process for stabilizing the content of glycated protein of a sample on a matrix material |
US6274591B1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 2001-08-14 | Joseph F. Foss | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds |
US20030022909A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2003-01-30 | University Of Chicago | Use of methylnaltrexone to treat immune suppression |
US6559158B1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 2003-05-06 | Ur Labs, Inc. | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to treat chronic opioid use side affects |
US20040162307A1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2004-08-19 | Foss Joseph F. | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to induce laxation in chronic opioid users |
US20040259899A1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-12-23 | Sanghvi Suketu P. | Combination therapy for constipation |
US20040266727A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-12-30 | Brandon Steve F. | Nutritional supplement having a unique soluble and insoluble fiber blend and method of making the same |
US20040266806A1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-12-30 | Sanghvi Suketu P. | Pharmaceutical formulation |
US20050004155A1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2005-01-06 | Boyd Thomas A. | Use of methylnaltrexone to treat irritable bowel syndrome |
US20050042258A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2005-02-24 | Hernandez Alberto Vaquero | Animal feed formulation which is used to control the fatty acid profile in pig meat |
US20060205753A1 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-09-14 | Israel Robert J | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to treat post-operative gastrointestinal dysfunction |
US20070099946A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-05-03 | Doshan Harold D | Synthesis of R-N-methylnaltrexone |
US20070197895A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Surgical instrument to assess tissue characteristics |
US20070265293A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-11-15 | Boyd Thomas A | (S)-N-methylnaltrexone |
US20080194611A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-08-14 | Alverdy John C | Modulation of Cell Barrier Dysfunction |
WO2010002576A1 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | University Of Chicago | Particles containing an opioid receptor antagonist and methods of use |
US8247425B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-08-21 | Wyeth | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8338446B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-12-25 | Wyeth Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
CN103118547A (zh) * | 2010-01-15 | 2013-05-22 | 凯敏工业公司 | 受保护的α-淀粉酶 |
US8471022B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2013-06-25 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Preparation and use of (R),(R)-2,2′-bis-methylnaltrexone |
US8518962B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2013-08-27 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists |
US8524731B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2013-09-03 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
US8546418B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2013-10-01 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8685995B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2014-04-01 | The University Of Chicago | Treatment with opioid antagonists and mTOR inhibitors |
US9102680B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2015-08-11 | Wyeth Llc | Crystal forms of (R)-N-methylnaltrexone bromide and uses thereof |
US9662325B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
US9662390B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
EP3718404A1 (de) | 2014-10-17 | 2020-10-07 | Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Verwendung von methylnaltrexon zur verringerung der tumorprogression |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1988001506A1 (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-03-10 | Thomas Ko Sai Ying | Microgranular preparation useful in the delivery of biologically active materials to the intestinal regions of animals |
ES2042292T3 (es) * | 1989-03-17 | 1993-12-01 | Pitman-Moore, Inc. | Dispositivo de administracion de proteinas macromoleculares por liberacion controlada. |
US6613332B1 (en) | 1991-06-21 | 2003-09-02 | The University Of Cincinnati | Oral administration of therapeutic proteins |
EP0590060B1 (de) * | 1991-06-21 | 1997-09-17 | University Of Cincinnati | Oral verabreichbare therapeutische proteine und herstellungsverfahren |
JPH0785700B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-10 | 1995-09-20 | 全国農業協同組合連合会 | 鶏用酸素固定化グリットおよび鶏用飼料の消化率向上方法 |
DE69326351T2 (de) * | 1992-06-30 | 2000-05-18 | Cortecs (Uk) Ltd., Isleworth | Verwendung von enzymen insbesondere brorelain zur behandlung von nicht-infektiöser diarrhöe |
CN1228708A (zh) * | 1996-09-04 | 1999-09-15 | 有限会社多特 | 经口给药用含肽药物组合物 |
TW409035B (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2000-10-21 | Gist Brocades Bv | Starch-based enzyme granulates |
CA2322641C (en) | 1998-03-23 | 2010-02-16 | General Mills, Inc. | Encapsulation of components into edible products |
KR20010042579A (ko) | 1999-02-10 | 2001-05-25 | 윌리암 로엘프 드 보에르 | 사료-효소 함유 과립 |
DE19929257A1 (de) | 1999-06-25 | 2000-12-28 | Basf Ag | Polymerbeschichtete, granulierte enzymhaltige Futtermittelzusätze und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US6500463B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2002-12-31 | General Mills, Inc. | Encapsulation of sensitive components into a matrix to obtain discrete shelf-stable particles |
US6436453B1 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2002-08-20 | General Mills, Inc. | Production of oil encapsulated minerals and vitamins in a glassy matrix |
US6468568B1 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2002-10-22 | General Mills, Inc. | Oligosaccharide encapsulated mineral and vitamin ingredients |
US6558718B1 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2003-05-06 | General Mills, Inc. | Nutrient clusters for food products and methods of preparation |
AUPR272901A0 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2001-02-22 | Gainful Plan Limited | Method of preparing biological materials and preparations produced using same |
PL207550B1 (pl) | 2002-01-15 | 2010-12-31 | Basf Ag | Sposób wytwarzania granulatu, granulat, sposób wytwarzania paszy dla zwierząt, kompozycja pokarmowa oraz zastosowanie granulatu |
US7803413B2 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2010-09-28 | General Mills Ip Holdings Ii, Llc. | Encapsulation of readily oxidizable components |
GB201311272D0 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2013-08-14 | Ucl Business Plc | Anti-microbial agents and uses thereof |
JP2016526907A (ja) * | 2013-07-30 | 2016-09-08 | ベネミルク オーワイBenemilk Oy | 泌乳反芻動物用飼料 |
CN103461225B (zh) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-12-23 | 仙桃市强农水产专业合作社 | 黄鳝网箱人工仿生态苗种繁育方法 |
BR112018071835A2 (pt) | 2016-04-25 | 2019-02-19 | Can Technologies, Inc. | método para preparar uma mistura de ração para animal, método de embalagem de um microingrediente e recipiente da ração para animal solúvel |
CN112425538B (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | 一种通过添加纤维素酶来提高小疣刺参幼体成活率和附着率的方法及其应用 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3656997A (en) * | 1969-05-14 | 1972-04-18 | Sanol Arznei Schwarz Gmbh | Coated gelatin capsules and process for producing same |
US3789117A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1974-01-29 | Freunt Ind Co Ltd | Process for the preparation of enteric medicaments |
US4138292A (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1979-02-06 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Immobilized catalytically active substance and method of preparing the same |
US4230687A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-10-28 | Griffith Laboratories U.S.A., Inc. | Encapsulation of active agents as microdispersions in homogeneous natural polymeric matrices |
EP0077956A1 (de) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-05-04 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Im Intestinalbereich absorbierbare Mikropellets und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4418147A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1983-11-29 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Ten Behoeve Van Nijverheid, Handel En Verkeer | Enzyme immobilization in a starch gel |
US4790991A (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1988-12-13 | Warner-Lambert Company | Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom |
US5356625A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1994-10-18 | Enzacor Properties Limited | Microgranular preparation useful in the delivery of biologically active materials to the intestinal regions of animals |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3803304A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1974-04-09 | Armour Pharma | Orally administratable pancreatic enzymes and methods of using same |
AU501555B2 (en) * | 1975-01-14 | 1979-06-21 | Richter, Esdene | Fluid operated device |
GB1509866A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1978-05-04 | Johnson & Johnson | Enteric coated digestive enzyme compositions |
AU516072B2 (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1981-05-14 | Johnson & Johnson | Enteric coated digestive enzyme composition |
IT1115596B (it) * | 1978-03-13 | 1986-02-03 | Bayer Italia Spa | Metodo per la preparazione di microgranuli gastoresistenti ed enterosolubili di sostanze farmaceutiche,in particolare di sostanze proteiche e microgranuli preparati con detto metodo |
US4447412A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-05-08 | Bilton Gerald L | Enzyme-containing digestive aid compostions |
GB8326633D0 (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1983-11-09 | Unilever Plc | Compositions |
DE3445301A1 (de) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-12 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Pankreasenzympraeparate und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
KR940000065B1 (ko) * | 1986-08-28 | 1994-01-05 | 코 사이 잉 토마스 | 동물 성장 촉진제 |
-
1987
- 1987-08-17 KR KR1019880700451A patent/KR940000065B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-08-17 WO PCT/AU1987/000269 patent/WO1988001512A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-08-17 JP JP62505092A patent/JP2593501B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-17 AU AU78721/87A patent/AU604052B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-08-17 EP EP87905570A patent/EP0319545B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-17 DE DE8787905570T patent/DE3777658D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-22 MY MYPI87001421A patent/MY101342A/en unknown
- 1987-08-26 NZ NZ221577A patent/NZ221577A/xx unknown
- 1987-08-27 CA CA000545471A patent/CA1322159C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-27 CN CN198787105846A patent/CN87105846A/zh active Pending
- 1987-08-27 ES ES8702486A patent/ES2004989A6/es not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-04-28 DK DK236288A patent/DK171626B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-04-19 US US08/230,007 patent/US5567423A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-08-08 US US08/694,092 patent/US5688502A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3656997A (en) * | 1969-05-14 | 1972-04-18 | Sanol Arznei Schwarz Gmbh | Coated gelatin capsules and process for producing same |
US3789117A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1974-01-29 | Freunt Ind Co Ltd | Process for the preparation of enteric medicaments |
US4138292A (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1979-02-06 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Immobilized catalytically active substance and method of preparing the same |
US4230687A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-10-28 | Griffith Laboratories U.S.A., Inc. | Encapsulation of active agents as microdispersions in homogeneous natural polymeric matrices |
US4418147A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1983-11-29 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Ten Behoeve Van Nijverheid, Handel En Verkeer | Enzyme immobilization in a starch gel |
EP0077956A1 (de) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-05-04 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Im Intestinalbereich absorbierbare Mikropellets und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4790991A (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1988-12-13 | Warner-Lambert Company | Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom |
US5356625A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1994-10-18 | Enzacor Properties Limited | Microgranular preparation useful in the delivery of biologically active materials to the intestinal regions of animals |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Moldenhauer et al (1973) Pharmazie 28:773 777 (abstract only). * |
Moldenhauer et al (1973) Pharmazie 28:773-777 (abstract only). |
Cited By (56)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5688502A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1997-11-18 | Enzacor Properties Limited | Animal growth promotant |
US5959076A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1999-09-28 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Process for stabilizing the content of glycated protein of a sample on a matrix material |
US6274591B1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 2001-08-14 | Joseph F. Foss | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds |
US20030065003A1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2003-04-03 | The University Of Chicago | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds |
US6559158B1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 2003-05-06 | Ur Labs, Inc. | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to treat chronic opioid use side affects |
US20040162307A1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2004-08-19 | Foss Joseph F. | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to induce laxation in chronic opioid users |
US20040162308A1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2004-08-19 | Foss Joseph F. | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds for treatment of constipation caused by endogenous opioids |
US20040167148A1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2004-08-26 | Foss Joseph F. | Oral use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to treat constipation in chronic opioid users |
US20050048117A1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2005-03-03 | Foss Joseph F. | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds |
US20030022909A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2003-01-30 | University Of Chicago | Use of methylnaltrexone to treat immune suppression |
US20050042258A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2005-02-24 | Hernandez Alberto Vaquero | Animal feed formulation which is used to control the fatty acid profile in pig meat |
US20050004155A1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2005-01-06 | Boyd Thomas A. | Use of methylnaltrexone to treat irritable bowel syndrome |
US8552025B2 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2013-10-08 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Stable methylnaltrexone preparation |
US20040266806A1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-12-30 | Sanghvi Suketu P. | Pharmaceutical formulation |
US20040259899A1 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-12-23 | Sanghvi Suketu P. | Combination therapy for constipation |
US9669096B2 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2017-06-06 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Stable pharmaceutical formulations of methylnaltrexone |
US10376584B2 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2019-08-13 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Stable pharmaceutical formulations of methylnaltrexone |
US20040266727A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-12-30 | Brandon Steve F. | Nutritional supplement having a unique soluble and insoluble fiber blend and method of making the same |
US20060205753A1 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-09-14 | Israel Robert J | Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to treat post-operative gastrointestinal dysfunction |
US9675602B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-06-13 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
US9717725B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-08-01 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists |
US8524731B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2013-09-03 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
US9662390B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
US8518962B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2013-08-27 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists |
US9662325B2 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2017-05-30 | The University Of Chicago | Use of opioid antagonists to attenuate endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
US7674904B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2010-03-09 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Synthesis of R-N-methylnaltrexone |
US8343992B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2013-01-01 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Synthesis of R-N-methylnaltrexone |
US20070099946A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-05-03 | Doshan Harold D | Synthesis of R-N-methylnaltrexone |
US9597327B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2017-03-21 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Synthesis of (R)-N-methylnaltrexone |
US20070265293A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-11-15 | Boyd Thomas A | (S)-N-methylnaltrexone |
US8003794B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2011-08-23 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | (S)-N-methylnaltrexone |
US8916581B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2014-12-23 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | (S)-N-methylnaltrexone |
US7563899B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2009-07-21 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | (S)-N-methylnaltrexone |
US20080194611A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-08-14 | Alverdy John C | Modulation of Cell Barrier Dysfunction |
US20070197895A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Surgical instrument to assess tissue characteristics |
US8772310B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2014-07-08 | Wyeth Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8546418B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2013-10-01 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8853232B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2014-10-07 | Wyeth Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US9102680B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2015-08-11 | Wyeth Llc | Crystal forms of (R)-N-methylnaltrexone bromide and uses thereof |
US9879024B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2018-01-30 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals., Inc. | Crystal forms of (R)-N-methylnaltrexone bromide and uses thereof |
US8338446B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-12-25 | Wyeth Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8916706B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2014-12-23 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Preparation and use of (R),(R)-2,2′-bis-methylnaltrexone |
US8471022B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2013-06-25 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Preparation and use of (R),(R)-2,2′-bis-methylnaltrexone |
US8685995B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2014-04-01 | The University Of Chicago | Treatment with opioid antagonists and mTOR inhibitors |
US10383869B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2019-08-20 | The University Of Chicago | Treatment with opioid antagonists and mTOR inhibitors |
US9526723B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2016-12-27 | The University Of Chicago | Treatment with opioid antagonists and mTOR inhibitors |
WO2010002576A1 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | University Of Chicago | Particles containing an opioid receptor antagonist and methods of use |
US8455644B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2013-06-04 | Wyeth | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US9492445B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2016-11-15 | Wyeth, Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US9180125B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2015-11-10 | Wyeth, Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8822490B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-09-02 | Wyeth Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US9724343B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2017-08-08 | Wyeth, Llc | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8420663B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-16 | Wyeth | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
US8247425B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-08-21 | Wyeth | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof |
CN103118547A (zh) * | 2010-01-15 | 2013-05-22 | 凯敏工业公司 | 受保护的α-淀粉酶 |
EP3718404A1 (de) | 2014-10-17 | 2020-10-07 | Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Verwendung von methylnaltrexon zur verringerung der tumorprogression |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH01503707A (ja) | 1989-12-14 |
KR940000065B1 (ko) | 1994-01-05 |
WO1988001512A1 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
US5688502A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
AU7872187A (en) | 1988-03-24 |
ES2004989A6 (es) | 1989-02-16 |
EP0319545A4 (de) | 1989-06-13 |
CA1322159C (en) | 1993-09-14 |
KR880701559A (ko) | 1988-11-03 |
DK236288A (da) | 1988-04-28 |
JP2593501B2 (ja) | 1997-03-26 |
NZ221577A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
DE3777658D1 (de) | 1992-04-23 |
DK171626B1 (da) | 1997-03-03 |
MY101342A (en) | 1991-09-05 |
AU604052B2 (en) | 1990-12-06 |
EP0319545B1 (de) | 1992-03-18 |
DK236288D0 (da) | 1988-04-28 |
CN87105846A (zh) | 1988-05-04 |
EP0319545A1 (de) | 1989-06-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5567423A (en) | Animal growth promotant | |
US5597564A (en) | Method of administering a microgranular preparation to the intestinal region of animals | |
Yang et al. | Effects of an enzyme feed additive on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows | |
US5356625A (en) | Microgranular preparation useful in the delivery of biologically active materials to the intestinal regions of animals | |
EP1713348B1 (de) | Stabilisierte phytase enthaltende granulate | |
KR950014441B1 (ko) | 동물의 장에 생물학적 활성물질을 전달하는데 유용한 미세과립형 제제 | |
GB2121268A (en) | Feed additive for ruminants | |
WO2004077960A1 (en) | Use of proteolytic enzymes to increase feed utilization in ruminant diets | |
Joysowal et al. | Use of slow release ammonia products in ruminant diet: A review | |
AU783197B2 (en) | Flowable cottonseed and method for its preparation | |
JP5520218B2 (ja) | 酵素混合物を含む、動物向けの耐熱性配合物 | |
WO2003068256A1 (en) | Amylase feed supplements for improved ruminant nutrition | |
US3991180A (en) | Stabilization of internally administered pancreatic lipase | |
KR100662971B1 (ko) | 입상 조성물 및 그 제조 방법 | |
Stritzler et al. | Factors affecting degradation of barley straw in sacco and microbial activity in the rumen of cows fed fibre-rich diets. I. The source of supplemental nitrogen | |
Inborr et al. | β‐glucanase and xylanase activities in stomach and ileum of growing pigs fed wheat bran based diets with and without enzyme treatment | |
Agarwal et al. | Effect of water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria from buffalo | |
Miron et al. | Nutritional implications associated with increasing the fermentability of straw by chemical and enzymatic treatments | |
US11547745B1 (en) | Compositions and methods for treating pancreatic enzyme deficiencies in mammals | |
NO171193B (no) | Vekstfremmende middel for dyr, fremgangsmaate for dets fremstilling og anvendelse derav | |
KR100636888B1 (ko) | 산붕괴코팅제로 코팅된 브로멜라인 및 브로멜라인의코팅방법 | |
Johanning | Improving ruminant nutritional value of plant material by chemical treatments | |
WACHIRA | EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT OF FEEDSTUFFS ON PROTEIN UTILIZATION IN THE RUMINANT. 1. IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF AMMONIA PRODUCTION FROM FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED FEEDSTUFFS. 2. UTILIZATION OF TREATED FEEDS BY GROWING LAMBS AND LACTATING COWS, AND THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF NITROGEN AND DRY-MATTER. | |
JPH02154647A (ja) | 電解質液型家畜用飼料の製造法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20001022 |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |