US5160587A - Extractive distillation of propylene oxide - Google Patents
Extractive distillation of propylene oxide Download PDFInfo
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- US5160587A US5160587A US07/786,856 US78685691A US5160587A US 5160587 A US5160587 A US 5160587A US 78685691 A US78685691 A US 78685691A US 5160587 A US5160587 A US 5160587A
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- propylene oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
- B01D3/40—Extractive distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/32—Separation; Purification
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- This invention relates to the purification of propylene oxide. More particularly, this invention relates to a distillation process for removing contaminating quantities of impurities including oxygen-containing impurities such as methanol, acetone and water from an impure propylene oxide feedstock. Still more particularly, this invention relates to a method wherein an impure propylene oxide feedstock contaminated with from about 50 to about 4,000 ppm of methanol, from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone is purified in an extractive distillation column using dipropylene glycol as an extractive distillation agent.
- Mitchell et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,550,847 is directed to a process for separating purified propylene oxide from a crude propylene oxide product contaminated with acetaldehyde, methyl formate, methanol, etc., by treating the crude mixture with an aqueous basic substance followed by recovery of the purified propylene oxide by any suitable means such as by decantation.
- Mitchell et al. reported a recovery of a product containing 78 to 82 wt. % of propylene oxide which, they stated, could be increased in purity to about 95 to 99% by fractional distillation.
- Goddin et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 2,751,337 disclose a process for separating acetone from a mixture of acetone with methanol and methyl acetate utilizing water as an extractive distillation agent.
- Hamlin et al. in U. S. Pat. No. 3,409,513 disclose the hydro-extractive distillation of mixtures comprising acetone, lower aliphatic alcohols and esters of lower aliphatic alcohols with carboxylic acids. It is pointed out by the patentees that acetone, methyl acetate and methanol form an azeotrope broiling at 55.5°-56.5° C. Hamlin et al. propose to recover partially purified acetone from such a terniary azeotrope by liquid-liquid extraction with water followed by hydro-extractive distillation of the aqueous phase in order to obtain a partially purified acetone fraction.
- Washall U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,568 discloses a process for removing oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone, acetaldehyde and methanol from impure propylene oxide using a glycol such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol as an extractive distillation agent.
- Hoorl and Newman U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,482 is directed to a propylene oxide recovery process by extractive distillation using an alcohol-ketone-hydrocarbon solvent.
- the invention relates to a method for the purification of crude propylene oxide contained in a mixture produced by the epoxidation of propylene with an organic hydroperoxide and calls for extractive distillation of the crude propylene oxide in a plurality of successive extractive distillation zones with the aid of a solvent mixture consisting essentially of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and/or ketones corresponding to the organic hydroperoxide employed in producing the propylene oxide.
- the extractive distillation agent is a recycle fraction from a three column distillation sequence wherein the bottoms from the third distillation column are flashed to obtain an overhead composed of hydrocarbons, alcohols and/or ketones which is recycled as an extractive distillation agent to the three distillation columns involved in the propylene oxide purification sequence.
- Burns et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,284 discloses a process for the purification of impure propylene oxide using acetone or a mixture of acetone with methanol which is introduced into a distillation column either below or together with the impure propylene oxide.
- Schmidt U.S. Pat. No. 3,881,996 is directed to a distillation sequence employing at least three and optionally four columns for the purification of crude propylene oxide, one of the columns optionally being an extractive distillation column wherein a hydrocarbon such as octane is used as the extractive distillation agent.
- Schmidt U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,588 discloses a process for the purification of propylene oxide contaminated with methanol and acetone using water as an extractive distillation agent, the water being introduced into the distillation column above the point of introduction of the crude propylene oxide feed.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,971,661 discloses the use of an aqueous acetone extraction to remove methanol from propylene oxide.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,568 discloses the use of glycols or glycol ethers in an extractive distillation to remove oxygen containing impurities such as acetone, acetaldehyde, and methanol. It is claimed that the concentration of the solvent in the vapor space in the extractive distillation zone of the distillation tower is preferably between 15 and 50 mole percent of the total vapor.
- this invention uses considerably lower concentrations of solvent in the extractive distillation zone to remove water and oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone. Since the concentration of the dipropylene glycol is lower, the size and heat requirements of the associated dipropylene glycol regenerator are reduced.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,588 discloses the use of water in an extractive distillation to remove methanol and acetone.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,607,669 disclose the use of a C 8 to C 12 hydrocarbon to separate propylene oxide from water.
- Shih et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,825 discloses the purification of monoepoxides such as propylene oxide that are contaminated with oxygenated impurities such as water, low molecular weight alcohols, low molecular weight ketones, low molecular weight aldehydes and the like by the extractive distillation of the contaminated monoepoxide using a lower glycol containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of lower glycols that are given in the patent include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,2-butane diol, 1,3-butane diol and 2,3-butane diol. It is stated that higher diols or higher glycol ethers do not provide sufficient selectivity for the removal of such impurities and are not included as the extractive distillation solvents suitable for use in the invention.
- an impure propylene oxide feedstock contaminated with 0.01 to 2 wt. % of water, from about 50 to about 4,000 ppm of methanol and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone is charged to the lower half of an extractive distillation column containing at least about 10 theoretical plates and an extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol is charged to the tower at a point at least 4 stages above the impure propylene oxide feed point.
- the extractive distillation tower will contain from about 30 to about 120 theoretical plates and the extractive distillation agent will be charged to the tower at a point of from 7 to 50 theoretical stages above the impure propylene oxide feed point.
- the extractive distillation agent is introduced into the extractive distillation column in the ratio of said feedstock to said extractive distillation agent of from about 1:1 to about 20:1, and more preferably 2:1 to 10:1, whereby a light distillate fraction is obtained consisting essentially of propylene oxide contaminated with significantly reduced amounts of water, methanol and acetone, such as about 5 to about 600 ppm of water, about 15 to 2,000 ppm of methanol and about 0.1 to about 100 ppm of acetone.
- reaction mixture comprising propylene oxide, an alcohol corresponding to the organic hydroperoxide feedstock and impurities including water and other oxygenated impurities such as methyl formate, acetaldehyde, acetone and methanol.
- Propylene oxide is a hygroscopic substance, so that water is removed only with difficulty. It is important to remove as much of the water as possible, however, because the water present in the propylene oxide will tend to react with the propylene oxide to form propylene glycol.
- an epoxidation reaction product formed by the molybdenum-catalyzed reaction of propylene oxide with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol is separated into the principle components by distillation so as to form distillation fractions including a propylene distillation fraction, a propylene oxide distillation fraction, a tertiary butyl alcohol distillation fraction and a heavy distillation fraction containing the molybdenum catalyst and other products and by-products of the epoxidation reaction.
- the distillation fractions that are thus-obtained are characterized by the inclusion of impurities and, normally, must be further treated if commercially acceptable products are to be obtained. This is especially true for a propylene oxide distillation fraction contaminated with water and oxygenated contaminants including methanol and acetone.
- the drawing is a schematic flow sheet with conventional parts omitted showing the general recovery sequence that is used in accordance with the present invention in purifying propylene oxide.
- the present invention is illustrated in connection with a process wherein the propylene oxide is prepared by the epoxidation of propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol to provide a reaction product comprising propylene oxide and additional tertiary butyl alcohol.
- FIG. 1 a schematic flow sheet illustrating a preferred method of practicing the process of the present invention.
- conventional parts such as valves, pumps, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, heaters, coolers, flow control regulation apparatus, etc., have been omitted.
- propylene oxide is separated in a preliminary distillation zone (not shown) from other components of an epoxidation reaction mixture in order to provide an impure propylene oxide fraction contaminated with oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone, methanol, water, etc.
- the impure propylene oxide feedstock that is thus obtained in the preliminary distillation zone is then purified in a propylene oxide purification distillation zone, which in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises two distillation columns, each of which is equipped with an appropriate reflux condensing means and an appropriate reboiler heating means.
- an impure propylene oxide fraction contaminated with from about 50 to about 4,000 ppm of methanol, from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone and about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water and other oxygen-containing impurities is charged by way of a line 120 leading to a distillation column 100 which, in accordance with the present invention, will preferably be a column containing at least about 10 theoretical plates and more preferably, from about 30 to about 100 theoretical plates.
- the column 100 is suitably operated under distillation conditions including a pressure of about 10 to 40 psia, a reflux ratio of from about 2:1 to about 10:1, a reboiler temperature within the range of about 100° to about 250° C. (e.g., 210° C.) and a top temperature of about 20° to about 80° C. (e.g., about 20° C.).
- the impure propylene oxide is preferably charged to the distillation column 100 in the lower half thereof.
- An extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol is charged to the upper half of the distillation column 100 by a extractive distillation charge line 106.
- anhydrous purified propylene oxide containing about 100 ppm or less of water is removed from the column 100 as a light distillation fraction 112, the purified propylene oxide in the line 112 containing significantly reduced amounts of methanol and acetone, such as about 15 to 900 ppm of methanol and about 0.1 to 100 ppm of acetone.
- a heavier fraction 110 is withdrawn from the distillation column 100 which contains substantially all of the extractive distillation agent charged by the line 106 and also substantially all of the water, acetone and other oxygen-containing impurities introduced into the column 100 with the impure propylene oxide 120.
- the heavier distillation fraction 110 from the column 100 comprising water, methanol, acetone, tertiary butyl alcohol and other impurities and extractive distillation agent is charged to a second distillation column 200 wherein light impurities such as methanol, acetone, water, etc., are separated overhead as a distillation fraction 204 that is discharged from the system for any suitable use, such as for use as a steam boiler feedstock or for recovery.
- a heavier distillation fraction 106 is discharged from the distillation column 200 comprising dipropylene glycol which is recycled to distillation column 100 by line 106.
- Dipropylene glycol is a mixture of isomers having the following formulas: ##STR1##
- Dipropylene glycol is a colorless, hygroscopic, practically odorless liquid having a boiling point of 231.8° C., a vapor pressure of less than 0.01 mm (20° C.) and a specific gravity of 1.0252 (20/20° C.).
- Technical grades of dipropylene glycol will contain an appreciable amount of water (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. %). Therefore, if fresh technical grade dipropylene glycol were introduced directly into the column 100, a substantial amount of undesired contaminating water would also be introduced.
- fresh dipropylene glycol either as the original charge, or as make-up solvent, is introduced into the system by a branch line 230 leading to the charge line 110 for the second distillation column 200 so that any water introduced into the system with the fresh dipropylene glycol will be separated therefrom in the column 200 and withdrawn from the column 200 through the line 204.
- Comparative distillation runs without the use of an extractive distillation solvent and with dipropylene glycol as the solvent are tabulated below.
- the runs were conducted in a 25 plate 1" Oldershaw type glass distillation column operating at atmospheric pressure psia.
- a glass 2" diameter vacuum jacketed Oldershaw extractive distillation column having 120 actual plates was used for additional runs.
- the crude propylene oxide feed was introduced on tray 80 (from the top) and the dipropylene glycol extractive distillation solvent was introduced on tray 30.
- the solvent:feed ratio was 5:1 by weight.
- the tower operating pressure was 23 psia at the condenser.
- the composition of the propylene oxide feedstock is reported in Table I.
- Technical grade dipropylene glycol was used and contained about 260 ppm of water.
- the results are reported in Tables II and III, which follow. The results show substantially complete removal of water from the feed propylene oxide and also a significant reduction in the methanol content of the overheads distillation propylene oxide product.
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Abstract
An extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol is fed to an extractive distillation column used for the distillation of propylene oxide contaminated with water, acetone and methanol to obtain an overhead distillate fraction consisting of essentially anhydrous propylene oxide contaminated with reduced quantities of acetone and methanol, and a heavier bottoms distillation fraction containing substantially all of the dipropylene glycol, water and acetone and some of the methanol introduced into the distillation column.
Description
1. Technical Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the purification of propylene oxide. More particularly, this invention relates to a distillation process for removing contaminating quantities of impurities including oxygen-containing impurities such as methanol, acetone and water from an impure propylene oxide feedstock. Still more particularly, this invention relates to a method wherein an impure propylene oxide feedstock contaminated with from about 50 to about 4,000 ppm of methanol, from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone is purified in an extractive distillation column using dipropylene glycol as an extractive distillation agent.
2. Prior Art
It is known to react a hydroperoxide feedstock such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide with propylene in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst in order to provide a reaction product comprising propylene oxide, an alcohol corresponding to the hydroperoxide feedstock, a solvent, and impurities (see, for example, Kollar U.S. Pat. No. 3,350,422, Kollar U.S. Pat. No. 3,351,635 and Sorgenti U.S. Pat. No. 3,666,777.
It is also known to separate the reaction product by distillation in order to obtain a plurality of fractions including, for example, a propylene recycle fraction, a propylene oxide product fraction, an alcohol fraction, etc.
It is also known that methanol, acetone and water are common contaminants for propylene oxide which are removed only with difficulty.
For example, Mitchell et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,550,847 is directed to a process for separating purified propylene oxide from a crude propylene oxide product contaminated with acetaldehyde, methyl formate, methanol, etc., by treating the crude mixture with an aqueous basic substance followed by recovery of the purified propylene oxide by any suitable means such as by decantation. Mitchell et al. reported a recovery of a product containing 78 to 82 wt. % of propylene oxide which, they stated, could be increased in purity to about 95 to 99% by fractional distillation.
Robeson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,622,060 discloses a process for the purification of propylene oxide contaminated with impurities, including methanol, by subjecting the impure propylene oxide to distillation in the presence of an extractive distillation agent comprising an aqueous solution of an alkali. The inventors report in Example 1 of their patent a method wherein 500 parts by weight of a crude propylene oxide fraction was extractively distilled in accordance with their invention to obtain 325 parts by weight of a product containing about 99.6 wt. % of propylene oxide. Thus, a significant loss of propylene oxide occurred during the process.
In a process unrelated to the purification of propylene oxide, Goddin et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 2,751,337 disclose a process for separating acetone from a mixture of acetone with methanol and methyl acetate utilizing water as an extractive distillation agent.
Hamlin et al. in U. S. Pat. No. 3,409,513 disclose the hydro-extractive distillation of mixtures comprising acetone, lower aliphatic alcohols and esters of lower aliphatic alcohols with carboxylic acids. It is pointed out by the patentees that acetone, methyl acetate and methanol form an azeotrope broiling at 55.5°-56.5° C. Hamlin et al. propose to recover partially purified acetone from such a terniary azeotrope by liquid-liquid extraction with water followed by hydro-extractive distillation of the aqueous phase in order to obtain a partially purified acetone fraction.
Washall U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,568 discloses a process for removing oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone, acetaldehyde and methanol from impure propylene oxide using a glycol such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol as an extractive distillation agent.
Hoorl and Newman U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,482 is directed to a propylene oxide recovery process by extractive distillation using an alcohol-ketone-hydrocarbon solvent. The invention relates to a method for the purification of crude propylene oxide contained in a mixture produced by the epoxidation of propylene with an organic hydroperoxide and calls for extractive distillation of the crude propylene oxide in a plurality of successive extractive distillation zones with the aid of a solvent mixture consisting essentially of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and/or ketones corresponding to the organic hydroperoxide employed in producing the propylene oxide. In the preferred embodiment of their invention, the extractive distillation agent is a recycle fraction from a three column distillation sequence wherein the bottoms from the third distillation column are flashed to obtain an overhead composed of hydrocarbons, alcohols and/or ketones which is recycled as an extractive distillation agent to the three distillation columns involved in the propylene oxide purification sequence.
Burns et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,284 discloses a process for the purification of impure propylene oxide using acetone or a mixture of acetone with methanol which is introduced into a distillation column either below or together with the impure propylene oxide.
Schmidt U.S. Pat. No. 3,881,996 is directed to a distillation sequence employing at least three and optionally four columns for the purification of crude propylene oxide, one of the columns optionally being an extractive distillation column wherein a hydrocarbon such as octane is used as the extractive distillation agent.
Schmidt U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,588 discloses a process for the purification of propylene oxide contaminated with methanol and acetone using water as an extractive distillation agent, the water being introduced into the distillation column above the point of introduction of the crude propylene oxide feed.
Schmidt states at column 2, lines 50-55 that: "Propylene oxide, however, has a substantial solubility in water and is readily hydrolyzed to propylene glycol (PG) in the presence of large amounts of water"--i.e., in the reboiler section of the tower.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,971,661 discloses the use of an aqueous acetone extraction to remove methanol from propylene oxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,568 discloses the use of glycols or glycol ethers in an extractive distillation to remove oxygen containing impurities such as acetone, acetaldehyde, and methanol. It is claimed that the concentration of the solvent in the vapor space in the extractive distillation zone of the distillation tower is preferably between 15 and 50 mole percent of the total vapor.
Compared to U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,568, this invention uses considerably lower concentrations of solvent in the extractive distillation zone to remove water and oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone. Since the concentration of the dipropylene glycol is lower, the size and heat requirements of the associated dipropylene glycol regenerator are reduced.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,588 discloses the use of water in an extractive distillation to remove methanol and acetone.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,607,669 disclose the use of a C8 to C12 hydrocarbon to separate propylene oxide from water.
Shih et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,825 discloses the purification of monoepoxides such as propylene oxide that are contaminated with oxygenated impurities such as water, low molecular weight alcohols, low molecular weight ketones, low molecular weight aldehydes and the like by the extractive distillation of the contaminated monoepoxide using a lower glycol containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of lower glycols that are given in the patent include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,2-butane diol, 1,3-butane diol and 2,3-butane diol. It is stated that higher diols or higher glycol ethers do not provide sufficient selectivity for the removal of such impurities and are not included as the extractive distillation solvents suitable for use in the invention.
In accordance with the present invention, an impure propylene oxide feedstock contaminated with 0.01 to 2 wt. % of water, from about 50 to about 4,000 ppm of methanol and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone is charged to the lower half of an extractive distillation column containing at least about 10 theoretical plates and an extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol is charged to the tower at a point at least 4 stages above the impure propylene oxide feed point. Preferably, the extractive distillation tower will contain from about 30 to about 120 theoretical plates and the extractive distillation agent will be charged to the tower at a point of from 7 to 50 theoretical stages above the impure propylene oxide feed point. The extractive distillation agent is introduced into the extractive distillation column in the ratio of said feedstock to said extractive distillation agent of from about 1:1 to about 20:1, and more preferably 2:1 to 10:1, whereby a light distillate fraction is obtained consisting essentially of propylene oxide contaminated with significantly reduced amounts of water, methanol and acetone, such as about 5 to about 600 ppm of water, about 15 to 2,000 ppm of methanol and about 0.1 to about 100 ppm of acetone.
When propylene is reacted in liquid phase with an organic hydroperoxide such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in solution in a solvent such as tertiary butyl alcohol in the presence of a soluble epoxidation catalyst such as a molybdenum epoxidation catalyst, a reaction mixture is formed comprising propylene oxide, an alcohol corresponding to the organic hydroperoxide feedstock and impurities including water and other oxygenated impurities such as methyl formate, acetaldehyde, acetone and methanol.
Propylene oxide is a hygroscopic substance, so that water is removed only with difficulty. It is important to remove as much of the water as possible, however, because the water present in the propylene oxide will tend to react with the propylene oxide to form propylene glycol.
It is also important to reduce the level of other oxygenated contaminants such as methanol and acetone to the lowest reasonably attainable level.
In accordance with conventional practice, an epoxidation reaction product formed by the molybdenum-catalyzed reaction of propylene oxide with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol is separated into the principle components by distillation so as to form distillation fractions including a propylene distillation fraction, a propylene oxide distillation fraction, a tertiary butyl alcohol distillation fraction and a heavy distillation fraction containing the molybdenum catalyst and other products and by-products of the epoxidation reaction. However, the distillation fractions that are thus-obtained are characterized by the inclusion of impurities and, normally, must be further treated if commercially acceptable products are to be obtained. This is especially true for a propylene oxide distillation fraction contaminated with water and oxygenated contaminants including methanol and acetone.
It has been surprisingly discovered in accordance with the present invention that substantially all of the water initially present in a contaminated propylene oxide feedstock can be removed therefrom when the propylene oxide feedstock is extractively distilled in the presence of an extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol. Even more surprising is our discovery that substantially all of the acetone and most of the methanol present in the contaminated feedstock can also be removed from the propylene oxide when using dipropylene glycol as the extractive distillation agent.
The drawing is a schematic flow sheet with conventional parts omitted showing the general recovery sequence that is used in accordance with the present invention in purifying propylene oxide.
In the drawing, for convenience, the present invention is illustrated in connection with a process wherein the propylene oxide is prepared by the epoxidation of propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in solution in tertiary butyl alcohol to provide a reaction product comprising propylene oxide and additional tertiary butyl alcohol.
Turning now to the drawing, there is shown a schematic flow sheet illustrating a preferred method of practicing the process of the present invention. In the drawing, conventional parts such as valves, pumps, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, heaters, coolers, flow control regulation apparatus, etc., have been omitted.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, propylene oxide is separated in a preliminary distillation zone (not shown) from other components of an epoxidation reaction mixture in order to provide an impure propylene oxide fraction contaminated with oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone, methanol, water, etc.
The impure propylene oxide feedstock that is thus obtained in the preliminary distillation zone is then purified in a propylene oxide purification distillation zone, which in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises two distillation columns, each of which is equipped with an appropriate reflux condensing means and an appropriate reboiler heating means.
In accordance with the present invention, an impure propylene oxide fraction contaminated with from about 50 to about 4,000 ppm of methanol, from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone and about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water and other oxygen-containing impurities is charged by way of a line 120 leading to a distillation column 100 which, in accordance with the present invention, will preferably be a column containing at least about 10 theoretical plates and more preferably, from about 30 to about 100 theoretical plates. The column 100 is suitably operated under distillation conditions including a pressure of about 10 to 40 psia, a reflux ratio of from about 2:1 to about 10:1, a reboiler temperature within the range of about 100° to about 250° C. (e.g., 210° C.) and a top temperature of about 20° to about 80° C. (e.g., about 20° C.).
The impure propylene oxide is preferably charged to the distillation column 100 in the lower half thereof. An extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol is charged to the upper half of the distillation column 100 by a extractive distillation charge line 106.
Essentially anhydrous purified propylene oxide containing about 100 ppm or less of water is removed from the column 100 as a light distillation fraction 112, the purified propylene oxide in the line 112 containing significantly reduced amounts of methanol and acetone, such as about 15 to 900 ppm of methanol and about 0.1 to 100 ppm of acetone. A heavier fraction 110 is withdrawn from the distillation column 100 which contains substantially all of the extractive distillation agent charged by the line 106 and also substantially all of the water, acetone and other oxygen-containing impurities introduced into the column 100 with the impure propylene oxide 120.
The heavier distillation fraction 110 from the column 100 comprising water, methanol, acetone, tertiary butyl alcohol and other impurities and extractive distillation agent is charged to a second distillation column 200 wherein light impurities such as methanol, acetone, water, etc., are separated overhead as a distillation fraction 204 that is discharged from the system for any suitable use, such as for use as a steam boiler feedstock or for recovery.
A heavier distillation fraction 106 is discharged from the distillation column 200 comprising dipropylene glycol which is recycled to distillation column 100 by line 106.
Dipropylene glycol is a mixture of isomers having the following formulas: ##STR1##
Dipropylene glycol is a colorless, hygroscopic, practically odorless liquid having a boiling point of 231.8° C., a vapor pressure of less than 0.01 mm (20° C.) and a specific gravity of 1.0252 (20/20° C.). Technical grades of dipropylene glycol will contain an appreciable amount of water (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. %). Therefore, if fresh technical grade dipropylene glycol were introduced directly into the column 100, a substantial amount of undesired contaminating water would also be introduced. In accordance with the present invention, fresh dipropylene glycol, either as the original charge, or as make-up solvent, is introduced into the system by a branch line 230 leading to the charge line 110 for the second distillation column 200 so that any water introduced into the system with the fresh dipropylene glycol will be separated therefrom in the column 200 and withdrawn from the column 200 through the line 204.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples which are given by way of illustration and not as limitations on the scope of this invention. Where parts are mentioned, they are parts by weight.
Comparative distillation runs without the use of an extractive distillation solvent and with dipropylene glycol as the solvent are tabulated below. The runs were conducted in a 25 plate 1" Oldershaw type glass distillation column operating at atmospheric pressure psia.
______________________________________
Feed Solvent Overhead
Bottoms
Component wt % wt % wt % wt %
______________________________________
No Solvent:
Water 0.1800 N/A 0.0784 01.3900
(WATER FREE
BASIS)
Lighter ND N/A ND N/An
than MeOH/MF
MeOH/MF 0.207 N/A 0.119 N/An
PO 99.184 N/A 99.881 N/An
Acetone 0.524 N/A ND N/An
TBA 0.084 N/A ND N/An
Heavier than TBA
0.005 N/A ND N/An
Dipropylene Glycol Extraction Solvent:
Water 0.1800 0.0287 0.0150 0.2990
(WATER FREE
BASIS)
Lighter 0.207 ND 0.2470 ND
than MeOH/MF
MeOH/MF 0.218 ND ND 0.343
PO 98.708 ND 99.7530 15.599
Propanol/Propenal
ND ND ND 0.021
Acetone 0.754 ND 0.0010 0.724
TBA 0.112 ND ND 0.118
Heavier than TBA
0.001 0.022 ND 0.308
Dipropylene Glycol
ND 99.978 ND 82.908
______________________________________
Note:
ND is not detected
N/A is not applicable
N/An is not analyzed
Solvent: Feed ratio 0.89 (lb/lb)
A glass 2" diameter vacuum jacketed Oldershaw extractive distillation column having 120 actual plates was used for additional runs. The crude propylene oxide feed was introduced on tray 80 (from the top) and the dipropylene glycol extractive distillation solvent was introduced on tray 30. The solvent:feed ratio was 5:1 by weight. The tower operating pressure was 23 psia at the condenser.
The composition of the propylene oxide feedstock is reported in Table I. Technical grade dipropylene glycol was used and contained about 260 ppm of water. The results are reported in Tables II and III, which follow. The results show substantially complete removal of water from the feed propylene oxide and also a significant reduction in the methanol content of the overheads distillation propylene oxide product.
TABLE I
______________________________________
EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION OF IMPURE
PROPYLENE OXIDE WITH DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL
PROPYLENE OXIDE FEED COMPOSITIONS*, wt. %
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 18-7 19-18 20-17 21-9 21-21 21-35
______________________________________
Propylene
98.657 98.683 98.661
98.731
98.683
98.709
Oxide
Methanol 0.221 0.211 0.222 0.212 0.218 0.220
Acetone 0.799 0.752 0.751 0.751 0.779 0.747
______________________________________
*The propylene oxide in the feed tank was analyzed and found to contain
0.1756 wt. % of water.
TABLE II
______________________________________
EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION OF IMPURE
PROPYLENE OXIDE WITH DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL
OVERHEADS COMPOSITIONS, wt. %
______________________________________
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 17-28 17-34 18-9 18-21 18-26
______________________________________
Propylene 99.693 99.699 99.664 99.683
99.686
Oxide
Methanol (ppm)
600.743 655.227 788.873
693.686
790.500
Acetone ND* ND* ND* ND* ND*
Water (ppm)
71 67 86 76 84
______________________________________
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 19-14 19-22 19-28 20-6 20-19
______________________________________
Propylene 99.689 99.698 99.686
99.689
Oxide
Methanol (ppm)
830.933 765.401 734.176
817.486
Acetone ND* ND* ND* ND*
Water (ppm)
110 104 76 70 77
______________________________________
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 20-29 20-34 21-10 21-37 21-9
______________________________________
Propylene 99.686 99.668 99.637 99.599
99.441
Oxide
Methanol (ppm)
851.798
Acetone ND* ND* ND* ND* ND*
Water (ppm)
93 73 79 75 73
______________________________________
*ND indicates that no acetone was detected.
TABLE III
______________________________________
EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION OF IMPURE
PROPYLENE OXIDE WITH DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL
BOTTOMS COMPOSITIONS, wt. %
______________________________________
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 17-28 17-34 18-9 18-21 18-26
______________________________________
Propylene 27.800 6.013 4.214 3.687 2.893
Oxide
Methanol 0.484 0.273 0.406 0.565 0.650
Acetone 1.159 0.875 1.395 2.035 2.376
Water (ppm)
2000 5800 5300 6600
DPG* 40.436 87.442 87.508 86.399
86.373
______________________________________
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 19-14 19-22 19-28 20-6 20-19
______________________________________
Propylene 2.107 1.296 1.618 1.272
Oxide
Methanol 0.747 0.840 0.850 0.920
Acetone 2.724 3.210 3.253 3.543
Water (ppm)
8600 8925 10900 10000
DPG* 86.884 87.868 87.908
89.026
______________________________________
Notebook 6874 6874 6874 6874 6874
Number 20-29 20-34 21-10 21-37 21-9
______________________________________
Propylene 1.297 1.158 1.107 1.101 0.750
Oxide
Methanol 0.897 0.922 0.889 0.840 0.803
Acetone 3.519 3.630 3.585 3.601 3.472
Water (ppm)
10100 10400 10500 10800 11400
DPG* 89.140 89.358 89.788 90.046
90.622
______________________________________
*DPG represents dipropylene glycol.
Water and oxygen-containing impurities such as acetone and methanol are difficult to remove from propylene oxide by standard distillation. The use of extractive distillation columns with dipropylene glycol as the solvent improves the separation of these impurities from propylene oxide.
Claims (3)
1. An extractive distillation process for the distillation of an impure propylene oxide feedstock in a distillation column to remove oxygenated contaminants, including water, methanol, and acetone from the impure propylene oxide feedstock which comprises the steps of:
introducing said impure propylene oxide feedstock into said distillation column at a feed point in the lower half of said distillation column, said impure propylene oxide feedstock comprising propylene oxide contaminated with from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water, from about 50 to about 4000 of methanol and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone,
introducing an extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol into said distillation column at a feed point above the said impure propylene oxide feed point, said extractive distillation agent being introduced into said distillation column in the ratio of said impure propylene oxide feedstock to said extractive distillation agent of from about 1:1 to about 20:1,
withdrawing an overhead distillate fraction from said distillation column consisting essentially of essentially anhydrous propylene oxide contaminated with reduced quantities of acetone and methanol,
withdrawing a bottoms distillation fraction from said distillation column containing substantially all of the dipropylene glycol, water and acetone.
2. An extractive distillation process for the distillation of an impure propylene oxide feedstock in a distillation column to remove oxygenated contaminants, including water, methanol, and acetone from the impure propylene oxide feedstock which comprises the steps of:
charging said impure propylene oxide feedstock to said distillation column at a feed point in the lower half thereof, said distillation column containing at least 25 theoretical plates, said impure propylene oxide feedstock comprising propylene oxide contaminated with from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water, from about 50 to about 4000 methanol and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone,
introducing an extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol into said distillation column at a point at least 4 theoretical plates above the said impure propylene oxide feed point, said extractive distillation agent being introduced into said distillation column in the ratio of said impure propylene oxide feedstock to said extractive distillation agent of from about 1:1 to about 20:1,
withdrawing an overhead distillate fraction from said distillation column consisting essentially of essentially anhydrous propylene oxide contaminated with reduced quantities of acetone and methanol,
withdrawing a bottoms distillation fraction from said distillation column containing substantially all of the dipropylene glycol, water and acetone and a portion of the methanol introduced into said distillation column.
3. An extractive distillation process from the distillation of an impure propylene oxide feedstock in a distillation column to remove oxygenated contaminants, including water, methanol, and acetone from the impure propylene oxide feedstock which comprises the steps of:
introducing said impure propylene oxide feedstock into said distillation column at a feed point in the lower half of thereof, said distillation column containing at least 25 theoretical plates, said impure propylene oxide feedstock comprising propylene oxide contaminated with from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of water, from about 50 to about 4000 of methanol and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of acetone,
introducing an extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of dipropylene glycol into said distillation column at a point at least 4 theoretical plates above the said impure propylene oxide feed point, said extractive distillation agent being introduced into said distillation column in the ratio of said impure propylene oxide feedstock to said extractive distillation agent of from about 1:1 to about 20:1,
fractioning said impure propylene oxide feedstock in said distillation column under distillation conditions including a pressure of about 10 to about 40 psia, a reflux ratio of from about 1:1 to about 5:1, a reboiler temperature within the range of about 100° to about 250° C. and a top temperature of about 20° to about 80° C.
withdrawing an overhead distillate fraction from said distillation column consisting essentially of essentially anhydrous propylene oxide, said purified propylene oxide distillate fraction being contaminated with significantly reduced quantities of methanol and acetone, and
withdrawing a heavier distillation fraction from said distillation column containing not more than 1 wt. % of the propylene oxide charged to said distillation column and containing substantially all of the dipropylene glycol, water, and acetone and a portion of the methanol introduced into said distillation column.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/786,856 US5160587A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1991-11-01 | Extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
| CA002070878A CA2070878A1 (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-06-09 | Extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
| DE69201047T DE69201047T2 (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-10-20 | Purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation. |
| EP92309550A EP0540224B1 (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-10-20 | Purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| JP31433492A JP3150800B2 (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-10-30 | Method for purifying propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/786,856 US5160587A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1991-11-01 | Extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US5160587A true US5160587A (en) | 1992-11-03 |
Family
ID=25139778
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/786,856 Expired - Fee Related US5160587A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1991-11-01 | Extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5160587A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0540224B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3150800B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2070878A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69201047T2 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5262017A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1993-11-16 | Texaco Chemical Company | Plural stage purification of propylene oxide |
| US5453160A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-09-26 | Texaco Chemical Inc. | Use of mixed polyoxypropylene glycols in the extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
| US5464505A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-11-07 | Texaco Chemical Inc. | Use of propylene oxide adducts in the purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| EP0723964A1 (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1996-07-31 | Texaco Development Corporation | Controlled continuous purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| US5693193A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1997-12-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for recovering propylene oxide |
| WO1999005199A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Huntsman Ici Chemicals Llc The Corporation Trust Company | Purification of propylene oxide |
| WO1999011639A1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-11 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Separation of methanol and propylene oxide from a reaction mixture |
| US5958192A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-09-28 | Huntsman Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Purification of propylene oxide using ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as an extractive distillation agent |
| US20050222380A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-06 | Peters David D | Method of purifying polyether polyols of non-volatile impurities |
| US20060113180A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2006-06-01 | Renate Patrascu | Purification of propylene oxide resulting from epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide |
| WO2012170685A1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Methods for alkylene oxide separation using extractive destillation columns |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5489366A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1996-02-06 | Texaco Chemical Inc. | Recovery of purified and substantially anhydrous propylene oxide |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265593A (en) * | 1962-10-08 | 1966-08-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Removal of acetaldehyde from ethylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| US3578568A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1971-05-11 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Purification of low molecular weight epoxides by extractive distillation with a glycol or glycol ether |
| US3838020A (en) * | 1971-12-03 | 1974-09-24 | Daicel Ltd | Process for purifying alkylene oxides by extractive distillation with a plural solvent mixture |
| SU636232A1 (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-12-05 | Предприятие П/Я В-8415 | Method of separating mixture of propylene oxide and diethyl ether |
| US5000825A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1991-03-19 | Arco Chemical Technology, Inc. | Monoepoxide purification |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02268174A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-11-01 | Arco Chem Technol Inc | Purification of monoepoxide |
| US5139622A (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1992-08-18 | Texaco Chemical Company | Purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
-
1991
- 1991-11-01 US US07/786,856 patent/US5160587A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-06-09 CA CA002070878A patent/CA2070878A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-20 DE DE69201047T patent/DE69201047T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-20 EP EP92309550A patent/EP0540224B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-30 JP JP31433492A patent/JP3150800B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265593A (en) * | 1962-10-08 | 1966-08-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Removal of acetaldehyde from ethylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| US3578568A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1971-05-11 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Purification of low molecular weight epoxides by extractive distillation with a glycol or glycol ether |
| US3838020A (en) * | 1971-12-03 | 1974-09-24 | Daicel Ltd | Process for purifying alkylene oxides by extractive distillation with a plural solvent mixture |
| SU636232A1 (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-12-05 | Предприятие П/Я В-8415 | Method of separating mixture of propylene oxide and diethyl ether |
| US5000825A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1991-03-19 | Arco Chemical Technology, Inc. | Monoepoxide purification |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5262017A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1993-11-16 | Texaco Chemical Company | Plural stage purification of propylene oxide |
| US5693193A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1997-12-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for recovering propylene oxide |
| US5453160A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-09-26 | Texaco Chemical Inc. | Use of mixed polyoxypropylene glycols in the extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
| US5464505A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-11-07 | Texaco Chemical Inc. | Use of propylene oxide adducts in the purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| EP0685472A1 (en) | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-06 | Texaco Development Corporation | Extractive distillation of propylene oxide |
| EP0685471A1 (en) | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-06 | Texaco Development Corporation | Purification of propylene oxide by extractive distilation |
| EP0723964A1 (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1996-07-31 | Texaco Development Corporation | Controlled continuous purification of propylene oxide by extractive distillation |
| WO1999005199A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Huntsman Ici Chemicals Llc The Corporation Trust Company | Purification of propylene oxide |
| US5958192A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-09-28 | Huntsman Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Purification of propylene oxide using ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as an extractive distillation agent |
| WO1999011639A1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-11 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Separation of methanol and propylene oxide from a reaction mixture |
| US20060113180A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2006-06-01 | Renate Patrascu | Purification of propylene oxide resulting from epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide |
| US7594979B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2009-09-29 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Purification of propylene oxide resulting from epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide |
| US20050222380A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-06 | Peters David D | Method of purifying polyether polyols of non-volatile impurities |
| US6962967B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-11-08 | Basf Corporation | Method of purifying polyether polyols of non-volatile impurities |
| WO2012170685A1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Methods for alkylene oxide separation using extractive destillation columns |
| CN103562192A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2014-02-05 | 莱昂德尔化学技术公司 | Methods for alkylene oxide separation using extractive destillation columns |
| KR20140044847A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2014-04-15 | 라이온델 케미칼 테크놀로지, 엘.피. | Methods for alkylene oxide separation using extractive destillation columns |
| US8981133B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2015-03-17 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Alkylene oxide separation systems, methods, and apparatuses |
| KR101627439B1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2016-06-03 | 라이온델 케미칼 테크놀로지, 엘.피. | Methods for alkylene oxide separation using extractive destillation columns |
| CN103562192B (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2016-08-17 | 莱昂德尔化学技术公司 | Method with extraction distillation column separation oxyalkylene |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0540224A1 (en) | 1993-05-05 |
| CA2070878A1 (en) | 1993-05-02 |
| DE69201047T2 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| JP3150800B2 (en) | 2001-03-26 |
| JPH05194456A (en) | 1993-08-03 |
| EP0540224B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| DE69201047D1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
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