US3922520A - Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers - Google Patents

Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3922520A
US3922520A US443286A US44328674A US3922520A US 3922520 A US3922520 A US 3922520A US 443286 A US443286 A US 443286A US 44328674 A US44328674 A US 44328674A US 3922520 A US3922520 A US 3922520A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
radiant energy
heat source
housing
active
passive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US443286A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert A Moore
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Itek Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itek Corp filed Critical Itek Corp
Priority to US443286A priority Critical patent/US3922520A/en
Priority to CA218,490A priority patent/CA1065956A/en
Priority to GB3148/75A priority patent/GB1490653A/en
Priority to FR7504452A priority patent/FR2261559B1/fr
Priority to AU78244/75A priority patent/AU501120B2/en
Priority to IT20363/75A priority patent/IT1031814B/it
Priority to SE7501811A priority patent/SE410128B/xx
Priority to SU752107309A priority patent/SU618065A3/ru
Priority to NL7501880A priority patent/NL7501880A/xx
Priority to JP50019975A priority patent/JPS50119638A/ja
Priority to BE153502A priority patent/BE825711A/xx
Priority to DE19752506953 priority patent/DE2506953A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3922520A publication Critical patent/US3922520A/en
Assigned to RICOH COMPANY, LTD. reassignment RICOH COMPANY, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ITEK CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2007—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using radiant heat, e.g. infrared lamps, microwave heaters

Definitions

  • the heater comprises a housing which supports both a conventional active radiant energy heating element and a passive radiant energy heating element such as a high heat capacity insulator material.
  • a passive radiant energy heating element such as a high heat capacity insulator material.
  • the housing When the copier is in a stand-by mode, the housing is closed and the active heating element is energized to maintain it and the insulator material in a fusing condition.
  • the housing To fuse an image, the housing is opened to direct heat to an image bearing medium transported thereacross from both the active heating element and the insulator.
  • the insulator provides a passive source of radiant energy to initially supplement the active heating element until it is able to supply a SUffiClCl'lI amount of uniform heat energy to effectively fuse the image alone.
  • the system thus allows the first developed electrophotographic powder image of a copying operation to'be trans ported beneath the heater immediately while at the same time, avoiding the need for excessive amounts of power that would otherwise be required to bring the active heating elements to
  • the present invention relates to radiant energy heating apparatus, and more particularly to an improved radiant energy heating apparatus for fusing toner powder images onto the surface of an image hearing medium in electrophotographic copiers.
  • One of the main problems is that once the heating element is energized, it requires a certain period of time before it reaches an equilibrium condition and begins radiating sufficient amounts of heat in a stable manner. This is because in the initial stages after the heating elements are energized, much of the heat generated is used to heat up the envelope of the lamp or the air around the lamp, and as much as a minute or so is needed before sufficient amounts of heat can be uniformly applied to the powder image to permit fusing to be carried out.
  • a variety of corrective measures have been developed.
  • a plurality of spaced heating lamps are provided so as to increase the effective size of the fusing station, and, in this way, cause the powder images to be heated for a longer period of time.
  • the problem with such designs is that it is also often necessary to move the images through the fusing station quite slowly to insure that effective fusing will take place.
  • substantial amounts of power are required to drive them and this can result in a substantial waste of electricity as well as in the generation of substantial amounts of heat within the machine which can cause problems.
  • Another type of fusing system attempts to overcome the dangers of burning or charring the support member by enclosing the radiant energy sources within a suitable housing so that it may be maintained at the fusing temperature when in a stand-by mode.
  • the housing is opened so that the radiant energy will be more directly applied to the powder image to be fused.
  • the air surrounding the housing is at a significantly lower temper ature than the interior of the housing and as a result there will still be instabilities in the amount of radiant energy applied to the image until the surrounding air itself becomes uniformly heated.
  • the fusing system comprises an active radiant energy source such as an infrared lamp or the like supported within a housing which may be selectively opened and closed.
  • a passive heat source such as a suitable insulator material capable of storing large amounts of heat and then releasing that heat in the form of radiation when opened to the atmosphere.
  • the system operates as follows: When in a stand-by mode, the housing is closed and the active heat source is energized to bring it and the insulator material to the fusing condition. When it is then desired to fuse an image, the housing is opened so as to direct radiant energy to the powder image to be fused from both the lamp and the insulator material.
  • the active and passive heat sources will supply sufficient heat to permit immediate fusing of the powder image carried thereacross notwithstanding the fact that the active source itself may not immediately radiate sufficient amounts of stable heat for fusing.
  • the passive heat source will supply substantial amounts of heat for a period of from 30 seconds to one minute before it cools down but, by then, the active heat source will have 3 been gradually brought into equilibrium and be ade quate along for fusing.
  • images can be fused almost immediately without using excessive amounts of power that would otherwise be necessary to rapidly bring the active heating lamps to equilibrium.
  • the system can be plugged into conventional wall outlets rather than requiring special power sources and this, besides saving energy, provides the significant advantage of rendering the copying machine more easily portable.
  • the heat lamps are kept energized in a standby mode, they are enclosed within a well insulated housing so that there is not too much energy loss to the atmosphere. For the same reason. there is no danger of the image support material being burned or charred during this period.
  • the present invention is relatively simple in construction yet is highly effective in permitting rapid copying with minimum power. Yet further advantages and features of the invention will be set out hereinafter in conjunction with the detailed description of the preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 somewhat schematically illustrates a plan view of the fusing station in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention while in the stand-by mode.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in schematic cross-sectional form, the fusing station of FIG. 1 in the operating mode.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate, in somewhat schematic form, a fusing station according to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention for use in conjunction with electrophotographic copying machines.
  • the fusing station generally designated by reference number I0, is supported by suitable structure (not shown for clarity) adjacent a transport system generally identified by reference number 11 which is provided to carry a powder image bearing support member across the fusing station for fusing the powder image onto the surface thereof.
  • Transport system 11 may comprise a roller driven belt 12 or some other conventional transport mechanism for carrying a powder image bearing sheet of paper or other medium to the fusing station from earlier stations in the copying machine as understood by those skilled in the art to fuse and fix the image thereto.
  • the belt 12 may itself comprise the image bearing medium upon which the toner powder image, schematically illustrated at 26, is to be fused for later transfer to a final substrate such as paper as is described in copending US. patent application Ser. No. 403,696 to William R. Buchan and Robert A. Moore filed on Oct. 3, 1973, and entitled ELECTROPl-IOTOGRAPHIC TONER TRANSFER AND FUSING APPARATUS AND METHOD.
  • the term "fusing" as used in the present application is intended to refer to the act of heating the powder image to a condition where the powder particles coalesce and become flowable whether or not it is actually fixed to the image bearing support medium or carried thereon to a later stage of the copier to be transferred therefrom to a sheet of paper or the like.
  • Fusing station comprises an elongated generally rectangular shaped housing I3 that extends across the width of belt 12, as more clearly seen in FIG. 1 and that includes a main body portion 14 and a lid portion I5 5 joined together by hinge 16.
  • housing 13 has an outer shell I8, 19, defining the main body and lid portions, respectfully, made of stainless steel although other materials capable of withstanding the high temperatures encountered could also be used.
  • Sources 31 and 32 extend across the length of the housing and preferably comprise quartz-tungsten lamps which are efficient sources of thermal energy and have a relatively long operating life although it should be understood that other heat sources as well as different numbers of sources may also be employed if desired.
  • Lamps 31 and 32 are coupled by appropriate circuitry to an external power source (not shown) of conventional type as well as to the usual controls incorporated in the copying machine for turning them on and off at the appropriate time.
  • the shell 19 forming the lid portion 15 of the housing is substantially filled with a suitable insulator material 21 capable of storing and later radiating heat energy supplied to it by lamps 31 and 32 as will be explained hereinafter.
  • material 21 is one which has the properties of low thermal conductivity, high thermal capacity and high thermal emissivity, and one material that has been found suitable for this application is a ceramic fiber available from Babcock-Wileox Corp. under the name Kaowool".
  • Kaowool a ceramic fiber available from Babcock-Wileox Corp. under the name Kaowool.
  • the interior of shell 19 defining the body portion 14 of housing 13 is also substantially covered with similar insulating material 22 to minimize energy loss through the walls of the housing.
  • FIG. 1 shows housing 13 in a closed or stand-by condition while FIG. 2 illustrates the same housing in an open condition for fusing.
  • body portion 14 is coupled to a suitable support in the machine by a hinge coupling 23 which extends substantially across the length of the housing so that the housing may freely pivot around it relative to the support.
  • a suitable'linkage 24 coupled to a suitable push-pull mechanism is hingedly coupled to lid portion 16 as illustrated at 27.
  • the housing Due to the fact that the housing is well-insulated, there will not be much energy loss through the shells 18, 19 and the interior of the housing will reach the necessary fusing temperature of, for example, between 600 to 1000C. within the relatively short period of time of about lk minutes. Furthermore, because the housing is enclosed and well insulated, this relatively short warmup period can be accomplished without applying excessive amounts of power to the bulbs as is generally required for rapid warm-up in prior art systems. As the housing warms up, the insulator material 21 will, due to its high heat capacity, store a significant amount of the heat energy applied to it.
  • the applied power can then generally be reduced to a level sufficient to maintain the housing at the proper fusing temperature (appropriate sensors will be included in the system for monitoring purposes) and it will remain in this stand-by mode until it is desired to make a copy.
  • the machine is actuated to initiate the copying process and a toner powder image 26 will ultimately be formed on support 12 in a manner understood by those skilled in the art, and, thereafter will be carried in the direction indicated by arrow 28 to fusing station to heat the toner image on support 12.
  • the linkage 24 will be automatically actuated to open the housing into the position shown in FIG. 2 which may be termed the operating or fusing mode of the system. Inasmuch as the lamps have been preheated, they will immediately be radiating substantial amounts of heat.
  • the opening of the housing will also bring the lamps into sudden contact with the relatively cool air around the housing, and, as a result, substantial amounts of the heat from the lamps will initially be used to heat up the surrounding air and will not supply very uniform amounts of heat to image 26. Accordingly, to insure proper fusing of the image, it would normally be necessary to wait until the surrounding air has become heated and the radiation reaching the image becomes stable and uniform and this can take from 30 to 60 seconds unless very large amounts of power are applied to the lamps.
  • This waiting period before the first copy can be fused has been substantially eliminated by the present invention without requiring large amounts of power by the use of insulator material 21.
  • lid portion will be positioned in advance of bulbs 31 and 32 relative to incoming image 26.
  • this lid is filled with insulator material 21 which has stored up large amounts of heat while the housing was in the stand-by mode. Accordingly, when housing 13 is opened, material 21 will begin radiating substantial amounts of heat toward the incoming image, and thus assist in the fusing operation while lamps 31 and 32 are stabilizing.
  • the material 21 in lid 15 (which may be considered a passive radiation source since it is not externally powered) will provide sufficient heat to permit image 26 to be immediately melted on support 12.
  • the effect of passive radiation source 21 is to supplement the active sources 31 and 32 by enlarging the effective size of the fusing station during the period when active sources 31 and 32 are unstable so that image 26 can immediately be carried through the fusing station 10 at the normal speed. Insulator 21 will gradually cool off but, nonetheless, will supply enough heat to assist bulbs 31 and 32 for the required period of about 30 to 60 seconds, at which time they will reach equilibrium and be able to effectively fuse image 26 without assistance from passive source 21.
  • housing 13 will remain in the FIG. 2 position for fusing.
  • housing 13 will automatically return to the FIG. 1 condition to reheat insulator material 21 for use in the next copying operation.
  • container 13 is approximately 10 inches long to insure that the entire image will be fused.
  • Lid portion 15 and body portion 14 are about 3--4 inches wide, the body portion is about 2 inches thick and the lid is about one inch thick and substantially filled with insulator material 21.
  • image bearing medium 12 may be carried across the open housing at a belt speed of about 10 inches per second and be spaced from the housing by a distance of about VB A inch to insure that the housing or insulator material will not contact or disturb the powder image on the belt.
  • Housing 13 can be fully opened in about lk to 2 seconds and this is essentially the only waiting period necessary for first copy fusing once the initial warm up has been completed as above described.
  • the most important feature of the present in' vention is not only that it is possible to obtain rapid first copy speeds, but that it can do so without utilizing large amounts of power. This is because, for initial warm up, the bulbs are enclosed within a well insulated housing and thus can be brought to the fusing temperature relatively quickly (ll to 2 minutes) without large amounts of input power, and, also for fusing, the passive radiator 21 will supply sufficient amounts of heat to enable immediate fusing while bulbs 31 and 32 are gradually brought to an equilibrium condition. Also, since high first copy speed can be accomplished with reduced power, bulbs 31 and 32 will tend to have a longer operating life and this makes the machine more economical. Finally, because the housing 13 is closed when in the stand-by mode, it is possible to maintain its interior at the fusing temperature without any danger of charring or burning support 12 which is stationary during that period, and in general, without wasting a lot of energy.
  • the housing 13 could be opened and closed in many different ways than the structure schematically illustrated and could be designed in other than the clamshell" construction shown.
  • an additional preheating system in the housing, such as a coil or the like, to heat up the insulator material in place of or in addition to bulbs 31 and 32.
  • heating apparatus for fusing a powder image on the surface of an image bearing support member carried thereacross, said heating apparatus comprising:
  • a passive radiant energy heat source comprising means for storing a substantial amount of heat energy applied thereto;
  • housing means comprises means for supporting both said active radiant energy heat source and said passive radiant energy heat source, and wherein said means for applying heat energy to said passive radiant energy heat source comprises means for directing radiant energy thereto from said active radiant energy heat source when said housing is in said closed position.
  • heating apparatus for fusing a powder image on the surface of an image bearing support member carried thereacross, said heating apparatus comprising:
  • a passive radiant energy heat source comprising means for storing a substantial amount of heat energy applied thereto and for radiating said heat energy stored therein to said powder image for supplementing said active radiant energy heat source during periods when said active radiant energy heat source supplies insufficient heat to said powder image for effectively fusing it on the surface of said support member;
  • a housing having an open fusing position and a closed stand-by position
  • said passive heat source comprises an insulator material having a high thermal capacity for storing large amounts of heat energy.
  • housing includes means for positioning said insulator material in advance of said active radiant energy heat source relative to said powder image bearing support member carried thereacross when said housing is in said open fusing condition.
  • said means for applying heat energy to said insulator material comprises means for energizing said active radiant energy heat source when said housing is in the closed stand-by position for directing heat to said insulator material from said active radiant energy heat source.
  • said active radiant energy heat source comprises a quartz-tungsten lamp.
  • heating apparatus for fusing a powder image on the surface of an image bearing support member carried thereacross, said heating apparatus comprising:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US443286A 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers Expired - Lifetime US3922520A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US443286A US3922520A (en) 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers
CA218,490A CA1065956A (en) 1974-02-19 1975-01-23 Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers
GB3148/75A GB1490653A (en) 1974-02-19 1975-01-24 Heating apparatus for fusing powder images in electrophotographic copiers
FR7504452A FR2261559B1 (de) 1974-02-19 1975-02-13
AU78244/75A AU501120B2 (en) 1974-02-19 1975-02-17 Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers
SE7501811A SE410128B (sv) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18 Elektrofotografisk kopieringsapparat innefattande en uppvermningsanordning for smeltning av en pulverbild
IT20363/75A IT1031814B (it) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18 Apparecchiatura di risca damento specie per macchina corpiatrice elettrofoiografica per fondere una immagini sul suo supporto
SU752107309A SU618065A3 (ru) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18 Термозакрепл ющее устройство электрофотографического аппарата
NL7501880A NL7501880A (nl) 1974-02-19 1975-02-18 Met stralingsenergie werkend verwarmingsappa- raat.
JP50019975A JPS50119638A (de) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19
BE153502A BE825711A (fr) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19 Appareil de chauffage destine a un duplicateur electrostatique
DE19752506953 DE2506953A1 (de) 1974-02-19 1975-02-19 Elektrophotographische kopiervorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US443286A US3922520A (en) 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers

Publications (1)

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US3922520A true US3922520A (en) 1975-11-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US443286A Expired - Lifetime US3922520A (en) 1974-02-19 1974-02-19 Heating apparatus for electrophotographic copiers

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3922520A (de)
JP (1) JPS50119638A (de)
AU (1) AU501120B2 (de)
BE (1) BE825711A (de)
CA (1) CA1065956A (de)
DE (1) DE2506953A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2261559B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1490653A (de)
IT (1) IT1031814B (de)
NL (1) NL7501880A (de)
SE (1) SE410128B (de)
SU (1) SU618065A3 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248520A (en) * 1977-10-12 1981-02-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic copying apparatus with improved fixing arrangement
US4551006A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-11-05 Eastman Kodak Company Thermal conservation apparatus
US5526108A (en) * 1993-06-18 1996-06-11 Xeikon Nv Electrostatographic printer with image-fixing station
US5778145A (en) * 1996-03-27 1998-07-07 De Nichilo; Giorgio Thermoforming apparatus with pivotable heating panel portions for emergency moving thereof
US20100322602A1 (en) * 2007-07-16 2010-12-23 Xerox Corporation Continuous Media Web Heater
US20110236093A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Hurst James H Safe radiant toner heating apparatus with membrane

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2649018A1 (de) * 1976-10-28 1978-05-03 Agfa Gevaert Ag Fixiereinrichtung
EP0629930B1 (de) * 1993-06-18 1998-05-27 Xeikon Nv Elektrostatographisches Druckgerät mit Bildfixierstation
JP2003088858A (ja) * 2001-09-17 2003-03-25 Tc:Kk 油吸着装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3356831A (en) * 1964-12-23 1967-12-05 Xerox Corp Xerographic fusing apparatus
US3449546A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Infra-red heater
US3622745A (en) * 1969-01-16 1971-11-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermal bonding means for electrographic apparatus
US3811828A (en) * 1970-10-29 1974-05-21 Ricoh Kk Process and device for heating and fixing an image upon a recording medium

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666247A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-05-30 Ibm Fusing device and method
JPS5941321B2 (ja) * 1976-07-02 1984-10-06 ミノルタ株式会社 電圧比較回路

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3356831A (en) * 1964-12-23 1967-12-05 Xerox Corp Xerographic fusing apparatus
US3449546A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Infra-red heater
US3622745A (en) * 1969-01-16 1971-11-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermal bonding means for electrographic apparatus
US3811828A (en) * 1970-10-29 1974-05-21 Ricoh Kk Process and device for heating and fixing an image upon a recording medium

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248520A (en) * 1977-10-12 1981-02-03 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic copying apparatus with improved fixing arrangement
US4551006A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-11-05 Eastman Kodak Company Thermal conservation apparatus
US5526108A (en) * 1993-06-18 1996-06-11 Xeikon Nv Electrostatographic printer with image-fixing station
US5778145A (en) * 1996-03-27 1998-07-07 De Nichilo; Giorgio Thermoforming apparatus with pivotable heating panel portions for emergency moving thereof
US20100322602A1 (en) * 2007-07-16 2010-12-23 Xerox Corporation Continuous Media Web Heater
US8509606B2 (en) * 2007-07-16 2013-08-13 Xerox Corporation Continuous media web heater
US20110236093A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Hurst James H Safe radiant toner heating apparatus with membrane
US8422930B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2013-04-16 Eastman Kodak Company Safe radiant toner heating apparatus with membrane

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE825711A (fr) 1975-08-19
JPS50119638A (de) 1975-09-19
GB1490653A (en) 1977-11-02
CA1065956A (en) 1979-11-06
FR2261559B1 (de) 1980-11-14
IT1031814B (it) 1979-05-10
NL7501880A (nl) 1975-08-21
AU501120B2 (en) 1979-06-14
DE2506953A1 (de) 1975-08-21
SU618065A3 (ru) 1978-07-30
FR2261559A1 (de) 1975-09-12
AU7824475A (en) 1976-08-19
SE7501811L (de) 1975-08-20
SE410128B (sv) 1979-09-24

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