US3707847A - Installation of sand drains - Google Patents

Installation of sand drains Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3707847A
US3707847A US00703440A US3707847DA US3707847A US 3707847 A US3707847 A US 3707847A US 00703440 A US00703440 A US 00703440A US 3707847D A US3707847D A US 3707847DA US 3707847 A US3707847 A US 3707847A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
hole
fluid
sand
earth
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00703440A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A Godley
F Fuller
C Houk
H Holland
G Gendron
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raymond International Inc
Original Assignee
Raymond International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raymond International Inc filed Critical Raymond International Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3707847A publication Critical patent/US3707847A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E02D3/106—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains by forming sand drains containing only loose aggregates

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Formation of sand drains in the earth bydrilling and forcing a fluid at high velocity to wash out a hole and thereafter filling the hole by forcing filler material down through a pipe; the pipe being outfitted with special valve control means to control the flow of fluid and filler therethrough in generally inverse manner.
  • This invention relates to the installation of sand drains and, more particularly, it concerns improvements by which both the effectiveness and economy of sand drain installation are improved.
  • Sand drains are regions of high water permeability placed artificially in the earth and connected to a region of minimum fluid pressure such as the atmosphere. Essentially, sand drains function to permit relatively rapid water pressure release from locations in the earth where excess water pressures have developed due to construction operations. Excess water pressures in the ground can be built up as a result of the placement of heavy structures or earth fills on the ground, or the driving of pilings into the ground. Because of high excess water pressures the stability of such structures in earth fills may be poor. Furthermore, such structures and earth fills will incur settlements with time as the excess water pressure is gradually dissipated at a rate depending upon the water permeability of the natural soil. By providing regions of high moisture permeability close to these water pressure concentrations it is possible to obtain dissipation of the water pressure effects within a very short time so that a stable condition may be achieved before further construction is undertaken.
  • sand drains are constructed by forming a vertical hole in the earth and filling the hole with sand or other moisture permeable material. Actually, it is the hole itself, which is open to the ground surface, that achieves the moisture equalization effects. The sand or other moisture permeable substance however is needed to maintain and to structurally reinforce the vertical hole while at the same time allowing relatively free flow of water to the surface.
  • the present invention overcomes the abovedescribed difficulties and permits the installation of effective and reliable sand drains with a minimum of expense and effort.
  • a sand drain is constructed by forming a hole in the earth, flushing the interior of the hole with a fluid to wash out spoil therefrom and to condition its internal surfaces, and then forcing fill material down through a conduit to fill the hole up from the bottom thereof so that the fill material will displace the washing fluid out through the top of the hole.
  • the present invention may be carried out by a simultaneous drilling and washing action whereby a fluid is continually forced down through a conduit into the bottom of the hole at sufficient velocity to carry spoil up with it to the surface of the hole.
  • Sand or fill material may thereafter be carried down the same conduit by fluid moving at a slower rate so that in moving up inside the formed hole it proceeds at a slow enough velocity to allow the fill material to remain at the bottom.
  • novel sand drain formation equipment comprising elements which serve to form and flush out the sand drain hole and also to deposit the fill material therein.
  • This equipment includes an elongated pipe having drilling means at its lower end and means for supplying both water or other fluid and sand or fill into its upper end.
  • Valve means are provided to control the rate of fluid and till down through the pipe in generally inverse velocity relationship and means are provided to lower and raise the pipe during the drilling and filling phases respectively.
  • a sand drain hole is filled with water which is stirred to effect suspension of the drilled earth in the water. Drilling and stirring may be accomplished simultaneously by rotating water jets and a stirring paddle together in the hole. Thereafter, the water and earth suspension is flushed out of the hole. This is achieved by forcing a large displacement element down into the hole, while leaving a small annular clearance about its outer surface to permit the water to rise up around it.
  • the large displacement element may take the form of a hollow tube having an openable bottom sealed to it .with a frangible seal.
  • the tube is filled with sand or other sand drain solids, and then air is admitted to the interior of the tube under pressure. This blows open the bottom and allows the sand to flow out into the interior of the hole.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view illustrating a system for forming sand drains according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partially in section, illustrating an upper portion of the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a valve interconnection linkage system utilized in the system of FIG. 1; v
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are views illustrating sand drains forming system of FIG. 1 during intermediate and final stages of a sand drain forming operation;
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a sand drain forming system forming a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are views illustrating the sand drain forming system of FIG. 6 during intermediate and final stages of a sand drain forming operation
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partially in section of the upper portion of the system of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a control valve arrangement used in the system of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the lower portion of the system illustrated in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along lines l212 of FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 9, but showing a modification thereof;
  • FIG. 14 is a side elevational view of a sand drain drilling arrangement according to a further modification
  • FIG. 15 is an enlarged front elevational view of the bottom portion of the drilling arrangement of FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of the bottom portion shown in FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 17 is a side elevational view of a portion of a sand drain flushing arrangement according to a further modification
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the lower end of the flushing arrangement of FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of the upper portion of the flushing arrangement of FIG. 17.
  • a sand drain forming system illustrated generally at 10, is set up on a ground surface 12 into which a sand drain is to be formed.
  • the system 10 includes an elongated vertical pipe 14, at the lower end of which are provided mechanical cutting bits 16.
  • a rotary drive mechanism 18 is coupled to the upper end of the pipe 14 to cause it to rotate in the direction of an arrow A.
  • Means, not shown, are provided to lower the rotating pipe 14 downwardly into the earth. As the pipe 14 rotates the cutting bits 16 break away chunks of earth thereby forming a vertical hole 20. The broken away chunks of earth are removed in a manner to be described.
  • valve housing 22 having a lower outlet 24 which communicates through the drive mechanism 18 to the interior of the pipe 14.
  • the housing 22 additionally is formed with an upper sand inlet region 26 and a lateral fluid inlet region 28.
  • a flapper valve member 30 which is pivotally mounted within the housing 22 in such a manner that it alternately closes off and opens the upper sand inlet region 26 and the lateral fluid inlet region 28.
  • the flapper valve member 30 is mounted on the housing 22 by means of an axle 32.
  • a crank arm 34 is also connected to the axle 32 exteriorly of the housing 22 for actuating the flapper valve 30.
  • a sand hopper 36 is mounted immediately above the sand inlet 28 and serves to guide sand down via the inlet 26 and the housing 22 into the pipe 14 when the flapper valve 30 is in its lowermost position as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a flushing nozzle 38 is mounted centrally within the hopper 36 and points downwardly towards the sand inlet region 26 of the housing 22.
  • the flushing nozzle 38 is secured to the side of the hopper 36 by means of a conduit 40 which in turn is connected via a fluid control valve 42 to the fluid inlet region 28 of the housing 22.
  • the fluid inlet region 28 in turn is connected by means of a fluid conduit 44 to a pump 46.
  • the inlet of the pump 46 is connected via an inlet conduit 48 to a T-connection 49 from which it receives fresh makeup water from an external source (not shown) and recycled water from a sump 50 located closely adjacent the hole 20.
  • a fluid pressure gage 52 is mounted at the output side of the pump 46 to provide an indication of the amount of fluid flow being utilized by the system.
  • the fluid supplied by the pump 46 passes up through the fluid conduit 44 and into the fluid inlet region 28 of the housing 24. A portion of this fluid also passes through the flushing control valve 42, the flushing fluid supply line 40 and down through the flushing nozzle 38 located in the hopper 36.
  • the flow of fluid through the flushing nozzle is controlled by means of the flushing fluid control valve 42.
  • this valve comprises a housing 54 within which a cylindrical valve element 56 rotates.
  • the valve element 56 has an internal passage 58 therethrough which, when aligned with the flushing fluid conduit 40 and the fluid inlet region 28, as shown in FIG. 2, pennits the passage of flushing fluid to the nozzle 38.
  • the valve element 56 is rotated so that its internal passage 58 goes out of alignment with the inlet region 28 and the flushing fluid conduit 40, the flow of fluid through the flushing nozzle 38 is stopped.
  • the flapper valve element 30 and the flushing fluid control valve 56 are interconnected by means of a linkage mechanism which includes a pair of link arms 60 and 62 each connected at one end to one of the shafts 32 and 64 on which the valve elements are mounted.
  • An interconnecting link 66 pivotally interconnects the other end of each of the two link arms 60 and 62.
  • the mechanism comprising the links 62 and 66 serves to coordinate the movement of the valve members 30 and 56 in such manner that when the flapper valve member 30 is in its upper position closing off the upper sand inlet 56 (as shown in FIG. 1) the flushing fluid valve element 56 is in a position such that it also closes off the flow of fluid through the flushing conduit 40 to the flushing nozzle 38.
  • FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 Operation of the above-described system to fonn a sand drain is illustrated sequentially in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5.
  • the hole 20 is first formed in the earth by operation of the drive mechanism 18 which rotates the pipe 14 so that mechanical bits 16 dig into the earth as the entire assembly is lowered.
  • the flapper valve 30 is in its upper position as shown in FIG. 1, thereby preventing the flow of sand or fluid down through the hopper 36 and into the pipe 14.
  • the flapper valve 30, as shown in FIG. 2 opens the fluid inlet region 28 so that the pump 46 may supply fluid continuously and in large quantities down through the interior of the pipe 14.
  • the rapid flow of fluid down through the pipe 14 causes the cut away particles of earth or spoil to be washed upwardly toward the top of the hole so that a continuous washing action is effected along the walls of the hole 20.
  • the liquid and spoil slurry which is washed up out of the hole 20 flows along the surface 12 back into the sump 50 where the solid particles are permitted to settle.
  • the liquid itself may be reused in the washing and flushing operation. Accordingly it is pumped back via the T-element 49 to the inlet side of the pump 46. As indicated previously, additional makeup water may be supplied via the other arm of the T-element 49.
  • the flushing fluid control valve 42 is in a position such that fluid from the pump 46 flows through the flushing conduit 40 and down through the flushing nozzle to wash the sand from the hopper down through the pipe 14 so that it is deposited in the bottom of the hole 20.
  • the diameter of the flushing conduit 40 is considerably restricted with respect to the diameter of the fluid supply conduit 44.
  • the flow rate of fluid through the pipe 14 from the flushing nozzle 38 during the depositing operation is considerably less than the flow rate which takes place via the fluid inlet region 28 during the digging operation.
  • the fluid velocity at the bottom of the hole 20 is insufficient to wash the deposited sand back up to the surface 12 of the earth. Accordingly, the sand is carried down through the interior of the pipe 14 and is left to remain in the hole 20.
  • FIGS. 6-12 utilizes a high velocity water jet arrangement for the digging operation.
  • a sand drain forming system illustrated generally at 80, which includes an elongated pipe 81 and a housing 82 fitted to the top of the pipe.
  • the housing 82 includes an upper sand inlet region 84 and a lateral fluid inlet region 86.
  • a sand hopper 88 is mounted on top of the upper sand inlet region 84 to direct sand into the housing when the region 84 is opened.
  • Fluid supply means (not shown) are provided to supply fluid via an inlet pipe 90 to the lateral fluid inlet region 86.
  • a plug type valve member 92 which moves in a vertical direction between an upper position, as shown in FIG. 6 and a lower position as shown in FIG. 7. In its upper position, the valve member 92 fully closes the upper sand inlet region 84 and fully opens the fluid inlet region 86. In its lower position the valve member 92 fully opens the upper sand inlet region 84 and partially closes the fluid inlet region 86.
  • the plug type valve member 92 is connected at its upper end through a pivotal link 94 to one end of a crankarm 96.
  • the other end of the crankarm 96 is mounted on a crankshaft 98 which in turn extends through, and is supported horizontally for rotation by, the walls of the sand hopper 88.
  • the outer end of the crankshaft 98 is provided with a pulley or sprocket 100 about which a belt or chain 102 is looped. This belt chain is pulled by manual or automatic means (not shown) to rotate the crankshaft 98 and change the vertical position of the valve member 92.
  • valve member 92 As shown in FIG. 6, the lower end of the valve member 92 is connected via a rod 104, inside the pipe 81 to a jet fonning nozzle control element 106.
  • This element is moved up and down with the valve member 92; and in its upper position, as shown in FIG. 6, the nozzle control element cooperates with the lower edge of the pipe 81 to form high velocity jet nozzles.
  • the nozzle control element 106 In its lower position, as shown in FIG. 7 the nozzle control element 106 allows sand and water to flow freely and at relatively low velocity out from the bottom of the pipe 81.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 The construction of the jet forming nozzle control element 106 is best shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. It will be seen that this element includes an outer conically shaped tip portion 108 and an inner conically shaped plug portion 110. A plurality of longitudinally extending channels 11 1 are formed along the outer surfaces of both portions of the element; and when the element is in its upper or restricted position as shown in FIG. 11,
  • these channels cooperate with the lower edge of thepipe 81 to define low cross section, high velocity jet nozzles.
  • These nozzles serve to control the flow of water out from the bottom of the pipe 81 so that it proceeds in the form of sharply defined streams 112 of high velocity. These streams are directed at the surrounding earth at the bottom of the hole being dug; and they simultaneously break up and wash away the earth in this region.
  • the flow rate of the water in the streams 112 is maintained at a valve sufficient to carry the washed away earth up to the top of the hole 20.
  • FIGS. 6-12 undergoes the same overall sequence as described in connection with the system of FIGS. 1-5.
  • a simultaneous digging and washing operation followed by a fluid conveyor type depositing operation.
  • the valve member 92 and the nozzle control element 106 are in their uppermost positions as shown in FIG. 6.
  • no sand is permitted to flow down through the hopper 88 during this time.
  • the lateral fluid inlet region 86 is fully opened and a large fluid flow proceeds down through the pipe 81.
  • This fluid flow is converted by the restricted nozzle control element 106 into high velocity jet streams 112 which dig out and wash away particles of earth from the bottom of the hole 20.
  • the belt or chain 102 is pulled to turn the pulley or sprocket 100 thereby rotating the crankshaft 98 and causing the crankarm 96 to move the pivotal link 94 so that the valve member 92 and the jet forming nozzle control element 106 are moved to their lowermost positions as shown in FIG. 7.
  • sand is dumped into the hopper 88 from a skip 114.
  • the valve member 92 and the nozzle control element 106 With the valve member 92 and the nozzle control element 106 in their lowermost positions, sand flows freely downwardly from the hopper 88 through the valve housing 82 and the pipe 81 and out past the nozzle control element 106.
  • FIG. 13 shows a modification to the system of FIGS. 6-12 wherein there is provided a fluid control valve 116 connected to the lateral fluid inlet region 86 of the valve housing 82, and a flushing conduit 118 leading from the valve 116 through the wall of the hopper 88 to a flushing nozzle 120 which is aimed down into the bottom of the hopper.
  • This arrangement serves to provide an additional flushing during the depositing operation to assist in moving sand down from the hopper 88 and into the pipe 81.
  • FIGS. 14-19 illustrate a still further modification of the present invention.
  • an elongated hollow rotary drill pipe 120 which is rotated continuously by means of a rotary drive mechanism 122.
  • a water tight swivel joint 124 is provided immediately above the rotary drive mechanism and is connected via an inlet hose 126 to a supply of pressurized water (not shown).
  • the water supplied via the hose 126 passes through the swivel joint 124 and down through the rotating drill pipe 120.
  • the entire assembly is supported by means of a hook 128 which can be controlled to lower and raise the assembly into and out ofa hole 129 being cut into the earth.
  • the stirring paddle 130 simply comprises a flat plate fitted up into a longitudinal slot 134 in the bottom of the rotary drill pipe 120.
  • the paddle divides the lower interior of the pipe 120 into two separate channels 136 and 138; and these channels lead out to individual water jet openings 140 and 142 located on opposite faces of the paddle 130.
  • pressurized water is forced out of the jet openings 140 and 142 and cuts into the earth.
  • the size of the hole thus cut depends upon the size of the jet openings, the water pressure used, and the rotational and longitudinal speed of the assembly. These variables are chosen however such that the hole which is cut is of a larger diameter than the distance-across the paddle 130. This ensures that the paddle will not wipe" the sides of the hole and thus impair its efficiency as a sand drain.
  • the purpose of the paddle is to keep the loosened material being dug in a stirred up condition and thereby maintained in a suspended state in the water so that it may thereafter be washed out of the hole along with the water.
  • the paddle 130 may be provided with a plurality of outwardly protruding teeth 144 which, during rotation, will tend to scratch or scarify the sides of the hole. This action will weaken the earth and permit the water jets to do sand actual cutting, thereby avoiding the wiping action which results from the use of blade type bits.
  • a sand drain tube 146 is lowered rapidly into the hole 129.
  • the sand drain tube 146 as shown in FIG. 18 is a hollow steel pipe having an outer diameter slightly less than the diameter of the hole 129.
  • Around the lower edge of the tube 146 there are welded a plurality of downwardly projecting pointed bars 148.
  • An expendable bottom plate 150 of wood or similar material is hammered onto the bottom of the tube 146 and is held in place by the pointed bars 148.
  • a cross bar 152 is welded diametrically across the lower end of the tube 146 to provide reinforcement for the bottom plate 150.
  • a sealing compound 154 e.g., roofing slate or the equivalent, is applied to seal the bottom plate to the tube.
  • the tube 146 When the tube 146 is fully inserted into the hole 129, it is filled with sand as indicated in FIG. 19. As there shown, sand is poured from a sand skip 156 and into the tube 146 through a sand opening 158 formed near its upper end.
  • the sand opening 158 is provided with an airtight door 160 mounted on a pivot 162.
  • the opening and closing of the door may be controlled by means of a line 164 attached to an arm 168 extending out from the door on the opposite side of the pivot 162. serves as When the door 160 is closed the interior of the tube 146 is pneumatically sealed. Thereafter, air which is pressurized to about 100 pounds per square inch is admitted to the interior of the tube 146 via an air connection 170 also located near the top of the tube.
  • the tube 146 may be provided with a series of longitudinal ribs 172 as shown in FIG. 18. These ribs will center the casing in the drilled hole while reducing the wiped (and possibly smeared) area to a minimum.
  • a massive weight 174 as shown in FIG. l9' may be provided at the upper end of the tub 146 to assist in forcing it down into the hole 129 against the opposition of the water being forced out of the hole.
  • a method of forming a sand drain in the earth which comprises the steps of drilling a hole in the earth, introducing a fluid into said hole to substantially fill said hole, causing said fluid to flow over and wash spoil out through the top of said hole, and thereafter forcing drain solids down through a pipe in the hole to fill same forced down into said hole by making a slurry thereof with fluid and washing same down through a pipe, the fluid velocity being maintained below that which will carry said solids up to the top of said hole.
  • a method of forming a sand drain in the earth which comprises the steps of drilling a hole in the earth, filling said hole with water, stirring the water in the hole to suspend the drillings, rapidly forcing a large displacement element having a cross section smaller than the hole down into it, thereby to produce rapid upward movement of water from the hole to carry with it the suspended drillings, and thereafter filling the hole with sand drain solids.
  • said large displacement element is a hollow elongated tube and wherein sand drain solids are admitted to said hole via said tube.
  • a method as in claim 9 wherein said tube is provided with an openable bottom element sealed thereto with a frangible seal and wherein following admission of sand drain solids to said tube and insertion of said tube into said hole pressurized air is admitted to said tube to blow open said bottom and release said sand drain solids.
  • roofing e.g.- of the type used for "means of a line 164" to read means of a line 1166-;
  • Page 2 continued V n Column 10, line 2, for "fluid and” to readE-said l iquid-;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
US00703440A 1968-02-06 1968-02-06 Installation of sand drains Expired - Lifetime US3707847A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70344068A 1968-02-06 1968-02-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3707847A true US3707847A (en) 1973-01-02

Family

ID=24825403

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00703440A Expired - Lifetime US3707847A (en) 1968-02-06 1968-02-06 Installation of sand drains

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3707847A (de)
JP (1) JPS4822928B1 (de)
DE (1) DE1905401A1 (de)
GB (3) GB1242951A (de)
NL (1) NL6901790A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924698A (en) * 1974-04-08 1975-12-09 Gulf Research Development Co Drill bit and method of drilling
US4487524A (en) * 1981-09-22 1984-12-11 Fudo Construction Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus of forming sand piles for improving a soft ground
JP2016145514A (ja) * 2015-02-04 2016-08-12 株式会社熊谷組 地盤改良装置および地盤改良工法
JP2016211251A (ja) * 2015-05-11 2016-12-15 株式会社不動テトラ 地盤改良施工機

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE265150C (de) *
US624714A (en) * 1899-05-09 Sheet piling
US1173355A (en) * 1913-09-02 1916-02-29 Concrete Piling Company Method of sinking piles.
CH105426A (de) * 1923-08-23 1924-06-16 Beton Und Tiefbau Actiengesell Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonpfählen im Erdreich versenktem Vortreibrohr.
FR619171A (fr) * 1926-07-21 1927-03-28 Procédé et appareil pour la confection de pieux en béton
US3303656A (en) * 1962-12-21 1967-02-14 Richard E Landau Method and apparatus for constructing columns of material in soil
US3358458A (en) * 1964-01-08 1967-12-19 Raymond Int Inc Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains
US3420063A (en) * 1966-02-10 1969-01-07 Bodine Albert G Sonic process of placement of sand drains
US3426538A (en) * 1965-03-19 1969-02-11 Lee A Turzillo Method of making sand drains in situ
US3608317A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-09-28 Richard E Landau Formation and backfill of cavities in soil by jetting

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE265150C (de) *
US624714A (en) * 1899-05-09 Sheet piling
US1173355A (en) * 1913-09-02 1916-02-29 Concrete Piling Company Method of sinking piles.
CH105426A (de) * 1923-08-23 1924-06-16 Beton Und Tiefbau Actiengesell Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonpfählen im Erdreich versenktem Vortreibrohr.
FR619171A (fr) * 1926-07-21 1927-03-28 Procédé et appareil pour la confection de pieux en béton
US3303656A (en) * 1962-12-21 1967-02-14 Richard E Landau Method and apparatus for constructing columns of material in soil
US3358458A (en) * 1964-01-08 1967-12-19 Raymond Int Inc Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains
US3426538A (en) * 1965-03-19 1969-02-11 Lee A Turzillo Method of making sand drains in situ
US3420063A (en) * 1966-02-10 1969-01-07 Bodine Albert G Sonic process of placement of sand drains
US3608317A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-09-28 Richard E Landau Formation and backfill of cavities in soil by jetting

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924698A (en) * 1974-04-08 1975-12-09 Gulf Research Development Co Drill bit and method of drilling
US4487524A (en) * 1981-09-22 1984-12-11 Fudo Construction Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus of forming sand piles for improving a soft ground
JP2016145514A (ja) * 2015-02-04 2016-08-12 株式会社熊谷組 地盤改良装置および地盤改良工法
JP2016211251A (ja) * 2015-05-11 2016-12-15 株式会社不動テトラ 地盤改良施工機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6901790A (de) 1969-08-08
GB1242952A (en) 1971-08-18
GB1242953A (en) 1971-08-18
JPS4822928B1 (de) 1973-07-10
GB1242951A (en) 1971-08-18
DE1905401A1 (de) 1970-10-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4637758A (en) Method of driving hollow piles into the ground
US8061065B2 (en) Apparatus and a method for constructing an underground continuous filling wall and stratum
US3772894A (en) Installation of sand drains
US8079163B2 (en) Excavator and a method for constructing an underground continuous wall
KR920005499B1 (ko) 분할 버킷형 회전 굴착장치
CN216275687U (zh) 一种钻孔灌注桩用清淤装置
US3707847A (en) Installation of sand drains
US3641775A (en) Installation of sand drains
US2126576A (en) Apparatus for and method of boring into and treating earth material
CN217231998U (zh) 一种智能水仓防淤***
JP2668664B2 (ja) 地盤改良工法および装置
CN210946938U (zh) 一种抛石地层灌注桩成桩施工装置
JP2514598B2 (ja) 杭打装置
Rohwer Putting down and developing wells for irrigation
AT225629B (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Gräben und zur Bildung von Dichtungsschürzen
US3712066A (en) Filling sand drain holes
US1954094A (en) Foundation construction
CN1062045C (zh) 一种现场灌注桩的施工方法
US1289320A (en) Well construction.
JPS6235742Y2 (de)
JPH0452290Y2 (de)
CN211816246U (zh) 一种用于壤土、流塑淤泥质地层的震动桩机上料料斗
JPS5810773Y2 (ja) パワ−シヨベル
CN106759068A (zh) 一种由桩和墙组成的水工建筑物及其施工法
CN1035342C (zh) 挤密成桩的方法及其设备