US3522787A - Tanker loading system - Google Patents

Tanker loading system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3522787A
US3522787A US727301A US3522787DA US3522787A US 3522787 A US3522787 A US 3522787A US 727301 A US727301 A US 727301A US 3522787D A US3522787D A US 3522787DA US 3522787 A US3522787 A US 3522787A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mooring
boom
pod
ship
tanker
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Expired - Lifetime
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US727301A
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English (en)
Inventor
William A Tam
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Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
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Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
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Publication date
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Publication of US3522787A publication Critical patent/US3522787A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/24—Mooring posts

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A mooring system for vessels including a 9/8 mooring structure adapted for rotation about a fixed storage B63b 21/00 facility and including a first member spaced from and con- B63b 21/52 nected to a second member by damping means, the second [50] Field ofSearch........................................ 114/.5, member having forward and after booms offset from each other.
  • this invention provides a mooring structure and system for mooring a tankship in which the mooring structure is not rigidly attached to the storage structure but rather is adapted for 360 rotation.
  • the mooring structure permits six degrees of freedom, i.e. heave, pitch, roll, sway, yaw and surge and provides for damping of impact loads caused by water action on a ship as it strikes the mooring structure.
  • it is not necessary for the ship to head directly toward the fixed storage tank but rather the ship heads toward a rotatably positioned target or pod on the mooring structure of the present invention.
  • the mooring structure of the present invention comprises a first member which is positioned about and contiguous to a fixed storage facility.
  • a second member is positioned about and spaced from the first member and is connected to it by suitable damping means.
  • An after or first boom is joined to the second member and preferably at the outer end of the boom there is located an outboard or after pod having powered thruster means for providing radial orientation of the mooring structure about a fixed storage structure.
  • a forward or second boom extends from the second member in a direction away from the after boom.
  • a forward or second pod is located at the end of the forward boom furthest from the second member.
  • the forward and after booms are designed to permit the passage of oil or other liquid to a tanker and ballast water back to the structure.
  • the mooring structure of the present invention will be rotated so that a specified distance, probably several hundred feet, between the ships motion and the center line of the fixed storage structure is maintained. Subsequently, running lines will be passed from a tanker to be moored to the forward pod of the mooring structure in addition to passing a line from theforward part of the ship to the after or outboard pod. The tanker will then be stopped dead in the water and a second line from the ship will be attached to the outboard pod.
  • the system of this invention permits tankers to approach the forward pod of the rotatable mooring structure, as opposed to heading directly for the storage tank as is the case with mooring systems disclosed in a number of patents such as U. S. Patent Nos. 3,155,069; 3,120,106 and 3,074,082. Further, as opposed to other mooring structures presently available which are submerged, the present invention is designed to float on the surface of the water.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view showing a tanker moored to the mooring structure constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURES 2-5 show a mooring procedure for use with the mooring structure made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a tanker as it approaches the mooring structure
  • FIGURE 3 shows the tanker attached to the forward pod located on the forward boom
  • FIGURE 4 shows the tanker as it is drawn adjacent the mooring structure
  • FIGURE 5 shows the tanker in the final moored position
  • FIGURE 6 shows a side view of the mooring structure constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention positioned for rotatable movement about a fixed storage tank;
  • FIGURE 7 shows a top view of the mooring structure taken along lines 7-7 in FIGURE 6;
  • FIGURE 8 shows an enlarged fragmentary, sectional view of a portion of the after or first boom taken along lines 8-8 in FIGURE 7;
  • FIGURE 9 shows an enlarged fragmentary view of a damping means arrangement constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 10 shows an enlarged fragmentary view of the damping means shown in FIGURE 9;
  • FIGURE 11 shows a fragmentary view of the positioning of the mooring structure constructed in accordance with an em bodiment of the present invention about a portion of a fixed storage facility;
  • FIGURES l2 and 13 illustrate the damping effect resulting from a mooring structure constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention as compared to an undamped system.
  • FIGURE 1 there is shown tanker l0 moored to structure 20 which in turn is rotatably positioned about storage facility 21.
  • Mooring structure 20 includes a forward or second boom 22 and an after or first boom 24.
  • Booms 22 and 24, as seen in FIGURES 6 and 7 are attached to a hollow, cylindrically shaped member 26.
  • After boom 24 comprises spaced tubular members 28, 30, 32 which extend away from cylinder 26 and converge inwardly at after pod 40.
  • Tubular rib members 34 join members 28, 30, 32, as seen in FIGURE 8, to form a triangular shaped member.
  • Tubular member 30 is positioned above the surface of the water upon which structure 20 floats.
  • a plurality of fenders 42 are attached to members 30 and 32 and are spaced along the length of after boom 24 as seen in FIGURES 7 and 8 to prevent direct contact between after boom 24 and a moored ship.
  • Forward boom 22 includes spaced tubular members 44, 46, 48 which extend awayfrom cylindrical member 26 and converge inwardly to be joined at forward pod 52.
  • Tubular rib members 50 similar to ribs 34, connect members 44, 46 and 48.
  • Member 46 is spaced from and positioned vertically above tubular member 48 with these two members being connected by rib member 50.
  • tubular members 46, 48 of forward boom 22 are substantially axially aligned with respective tubular members 30, 32 of after boom 24. Although these tubular members are shown as being axially aligned, they could be offset from each other, if desired.
  • Fenders 42 as seen in FIGURE 7, are attached to and extend along the length of members 46, 48 of forward boom 22.
  • Forward pod 52 as seen in FIGURES l and 7 is offset from the axis which passes through the center lines of fixed storage tank 21 and outboard pod 40 to achieve the desired tanker berthing procedure.
  • the amount of offset of pod 52 can be varied.
  • a second hollow, cylindrically shaped member 56 is located inside of and spaced from member 26.
  • the second member is positioned about neck 58 which extends upward from a fixed storage facility.
  • a platform and tower for personnel 57 is located on top of neck 56.
  • the inner wall of member 56, which is contiguous to neck 58, is lined with teakwood, lignum vitae or othersuitable material 55.
  • Member 56 is adapted for rotation about neck 58.
  • Perforated plate 64 is welded or attached by suitable means to extend from and about the circumference of outer wall 66 of member 56 while perforated plate 68 is welded or attached by suitable means to extend from and about the circumference of inner wall 70 of member 26.
  • shackles 72 are inserted in the holes in plates 64 and 68.
  • Lines 74 made of nylon or other suitable material connect members 26 and 56 together in a spoke-like arrangement as seen in FIGURES 9-1 1, with the ends of each nylon line being joined to shackle 72 by means of a splice or dead end 76.
  • This spoke-like arrangement assists in damping loads which would otherwise be transmitted to the fixed storage facility.
  • FIGURE 12 there is illustrated a fixed structure 78 which in a conventional mooring system would be joined to a tanker, illustrated at 79, by mooring line 80.
  • Mooring line 80 will sag or stretch as a result of wave, wind or current action.
  • a system which consists of a mass 79 attached to a permanent or fixed structure 76 by spring 80, the mass oscillating by wave, current or wind action.
  • FIGURE l3 shows fixed structure 82 and a mass, such as a tanker illustrated at 84.
  • mooring line 86 connects the tanker to a movable member illustrated at 88 which corresponds to floating mooring structure 20 of the present invention.
  • Member 88 is elastically connected to the fixed structure by spring means 90 which corresponds to the spoke-like nylon line arrangement seen in FIGURES 9-l l inclusive.
  • the system of FIGURE 13 produces a softer spring action than is available in the system illustrated in FIGURE 12 and, consequently, a greater degree of damping occurs with the floating system of FIGURE 13.
  • the system of the present invention has the ability to change its natural frequency by a change of ballast in the mooring structure.
  • This damping can be accomplished by the addition or removal of liquid such as oil or water to various compartments in pods 40, 52 and other members such as those which comprise booms 22 and 24.
  • the difference in period between a tanker and booms 22, 24 can be reduced.
  • the oscillation of each of the mooring structure and the tanker be of the same order of magnitude but the phase relationship between the two will also be reduced.
  • the relative motions between the loading pod and the tanker may be reduced significantly thereby allowing a loading operation to take place in poor weather conditions.
  • tankship would head into the predominant resistance characteristic generated by wind and/or sea conditions at a slow speed but sufficient enough to permit steerage way for ship 10.
  • Mooring structure would be rotated as required by means of thruster 92, preferably located on the after pod 40, although thruster means could be located on the forward pod or both pods if desired.
  • the mooring structure is powered to a position so that it is disposed as seen in FIGURE 2 and the distance between the ship's motion and the center line of fixed storage structure is kept at a specified distance such as 200 feet.
  • ship 10 is stopped or slowed so that the forces exerted by the wind and sea cause the ship to drift to the leeward or, if necessary, ship 10 may be powered aft thereby tightening the lines from the bow to forward pod 52.
  • Thruster 92 can be actuated during this time to move after boom 24 toward the ship until it reaches a position shown in FIGURE 4 or ship 10 can be moved aft toward after boom 24.
  • the thruster can be electric or engine driven or it can be a fluid moment transfer device.
  • ship 10 Upon completion of the loading operation, ship 10 can be removed from mooring structure 24 by casting off all lines, and allowing the ship to go dead slow astern while boom 24 is moved slightly away from ship 10 by thruster means 92. The ship backs out of its berth to a reasonable distance and proceeds upon its course.
  • rib members 50 and 34 could be eliminated and tubular members, such as 28, 30, 32, 46, and 48, could be made of different materials.
  • damping means could be used to furnish the desired elasticity between mooring structure 20 and storage tank 21.
  • a first floatable mooring member adapted to be positioned for rotation about and contiguous to said fixed facility
  • a second floatable mooring member disposed about and spaced from said first floatable member
  • first and second floatable members being elastically connected together by damping means.
  • said second mooring member includes a forward boom and an after boom which are substantially fixed relative to each other;
  • said booms being joined to and extending away in different directions, from said second mooring member.
  • a first mooring member adapted to be positioned for rotation about said facility
  • a second mooring member disposed about and spaced from said first member
  • said second mooring member including a eylindrically shaped member
  • said second member having a forward boom and an after boom which are substantially fixed relative to each other;
  • tubular members extending away from said eylindrically shaped member in a first direction to comprise said after boom;
  • tubular members extending away from said eylindrically shaped member in a second direction to comprise said forward boom
  • damping means for connecting said first mooring member to said second mooring member.
  • a floatable mooring structure adapted for use with a facility, said structure comprising:
  • a first floatable mooring member adapted to be positioned for rotation about said facility
  • a second floatable mooring member disposed from said first member
  • a floatable mooring structure adapted for use with a fixed facility, said structure comprising:
  • a mooring structure in accordance with claim 3 wherein said after boom includes an after pod disposed at the end of said after boom furthest from said cylindrically shaped member.
  • a floatable mooring structure adapted for use with a storage facility, said structure comprising:
  • a first member disposed about said storage facility and adapted for rotation about said storage facility;
  • damping means connecting said first and second members
  • a floatable mooring structure adapted for use with a storage facility, said structure comprising:
  • damping means connecting said first and second members
  • said first member being cylindrically shaped and adapted to be positioned and rotated about said storage facility
  • said second member including a cylindrically shaped portion from which said forward and after booms extend, said cylindrically shaped portion extending about and spaced from said first cylindrically shaped member;
  • a floatable mooring structure in accordance with claim 10 further including a thruster means attached to said second member for providing radial orientation of said mooring structure about said storage facility.
  • the method of claim 12 further including the step of changing the natural frequency of said structure during said mooring operation by changing the amount of ballast in said mooring structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
US727301A 1968-05-07 1968-05-07 Tanker loading system Expired - Lifetime US3522787A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US72730168A 1968-05-07 1968-05-07

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US3522787A true US3522787A (en) 1970-08-04

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US (1) US3522787A (de)
CA (1) CA921712A (de)
DE (1) DE1922980A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2009858A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1205538A (de)
NL (1) NL140915B (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3670686A (en) * 1970-09-22 1972-06-20 David G Reynolds Submerged mooring system
US3765463A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-10-16 Gulf Research Development Co Offshore terminal
US3964423A (en) * 1973-12-19 1976-06-22 Gulf Research & Development Company Offshore terminal
US4098212A (en) * 1977-02-17 1978-07-04 Shell Oil Company Tanker loading terminal
US4130077A (en) * 1977-09-23 1978-12-19 Global Marine, Inc. Single-point mooring system
DE3002481A1 (de) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-28 Moss Rosenberg Verft As Vorrichtung zum vertaeuen einer schwimmenden konstruktion
US4326312A (en) * 1979-04-30 1982-04-27 Amtel, Inc. Single leg mooring terminal
US4387660A (en) * 1979-07-17 1983-06-14 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Single point mooring
US4446806A (en) * 1980-05-05 1984-05-08 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Single point mooring and fender
US4665855A (en) * 1984-06-27 1987-05-19 Technip-Geoproduction Swivel system for connecting the mooring arm of a floating facility to a marine structure
US5501625A (en) * 1992-08-24 1996-03-26 Belinsky; Sidney I. Floating terminal
US20030061980A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-04-03 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Offloading arrangements for speard moored FPSOs
US20080274655A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2008-11-06 Sofec, Inc. Floating LNG import terminal and method for docking
WO2017215054A1 (zh) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-21 天津市海王星海上工程技术股份有限公司 一种单点靠泊装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS551575U (de) * 1979-05-02 1980-01-08
DE3205804A1 (de) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-25 Elba-Werk Maschinen-Gesellschaft Mbh & Co, 7505 Ettlingen Betonbereitungsanlage
FR2804081B1 (fr) * 2000-01-24 2002-05-31 Total Fina Sa Procede et dispositif de chargement ou de dechargement d'un navire de transport de gaz liquefie

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3670686A (en) * 1970-09-22 1972-06-20 David G Reynolds Submerged mooring system
US3765463A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-10-16 Gulf Research Development Co Offshore terminal
US3964423A (en) * 1973-12-19 1976-06-22 Gulf Research & Development Company Offshore terminal
US4098212A (en) * 1977-02-17 1978-07-04 Shell Oil Company Tanker loading terminal
US4130077A (en) * 1977-09-23 1978-12-19 Global Marine, Inc. Single-point mooring system
DE3002481A1 (de) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-28 Moss Rosenberg Verft As Vorrichtung zum vertaeuen einer schwimmenden konstruktion
US4326312A (en) * 1979-04-30 1982-04-27 Amtel, Inc. Single leg mooring terminal
US4387660A (en) * 1979-07-17 1983-06-14 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Single point mooring
US4446806A (en) * 1980-05-05 1984-05-08 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Single point mooring and fender
US4665855A (en) * 1984-06-27 1987-05-19 Technip-Geoproduction Swivel system for connecting the mooring arm of a floating facility to a marine structure
US5501625A (en) * 1992-08-24 1996-03-26 Belinsky; Sidney I. Floating terminal
US20030061980A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-04-03 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Offloading arrangements for speard moored FPSOs
US6983712B2 (en) * 2001-08-03 2006-01-10 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Offloading arrangements and method for spread moored FPSOs
US20080274655A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2008-11-06 Sofec, Inc. Floating LNG import terminal and method for docking
US7543543B2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2009-06-09 Sofec, Inc. Floating LNG import terminal and method for docking
WO2017215054A1 (zh) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-21 天津市海王星海上工程技术股份有限公司 一种单点靠泊装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1205538A (en) 1970-09-16
NL6906895A (de) 1969-11-11
DE1922980A1 (de) 1969-11-20
CA921712A (en) 1973-02-27
NL140915B (nl) 1974-01-15
FR2009858A1 (fr) 1970-02-13

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