US3422491A - Apparatus for stretching synthetic fibers - Google Patents

Apparatus for stretching synthetic fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3422491A
US3422491A US485272A US3422491DA US3422491A US 3422491 A US3422491 A US 3422491A US 485272 A US485272 A US 485272A US 3422491D A US3422491D A US 3422491DA US 3422491 A US3422491 A US 3422491A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stretching
fiber
roll
denier
aventurine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US485272A
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English (en)
Inventor
Toshihiko Kihara
Kazuo Jono
Noboru Fukuma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Kasei Corp
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/225—Mechanical characteristics of stretching apparatus
    • D02J1/226—Surface characteristics of guiding or stretching organs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length

Definitions

  • Synthetic fibers comprising polyamide, polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile or the like, are industrially produced by Wet, dry and melt spinning processes. At the stage of the spinning process, the spinning liquids of the polymers are pressed through a spinneret and are solidified to form fibers. These fibers are not satisfactorily oriented in their internal structure and must subsequently be stretched so as to be oriented to a practically satisfactory mechanical level. The stretching or drawing of such synthetic fibers is performed by passing them through two sets of driven rolls differing in speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the same.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are graphical illustrations respectively showing denier unevenness of the fiber according to the present invention and the method using conventional stretching roll, both obtained in Example 1;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are similar illustrations of the results obtained in Example 2.
  • unstretched yarn 1 after being held by a holding roll 2, leaves a feeding roll 3 and after being wound on a stretching pin 4, proceeds to a stretching roll 5 and after passing one to three turns on the combination of the stretching roll 5 and a separate roll 6, is wound up.
  • An angular portion of about to 330 of the surface of stretching roll 5 has an aventurine finish, obtained for instance, by means of liquid honing with carborundum, and the remaining portion has a mirror finish.
  • the entire surface of the separate roll 6 has an aventurine finish. (In FIGS. 1 and 2, the dotted portions represent aventurine surfaces.)
  • the yarn is stretched normally, without slippage, because the frictional resistance is high, which when contacted with the aventurine surface, the yarn is not stretched as much because the frictional resistance is low.
  • the roughnesses of the mirror-finished surface and the aventurine surface are arranged to give appropriate respective frictional resistances.
  • the mirrorfinished surface is arranged to be lower than 0.5s in order to give sufficiently high frictional resistance
  • the aventurine surface is arranged to be higher than ls in order to give appropriate slippage but lower than 12s in respect of preventing yarn breakage by frictional forces between the fiber and too roughened a surface.
  • the character s represents the difference in height, expressed in microns of the raised portions relative to depressed portions and hence is a measurement of the roughness or unevenness of the surface.
  • its high polish sufficiently compensates below values of 12s to make its frictional resistance lower than that of the mirror-finished surface.
  • the fiber having periodically varied denier can be obtained as the stretching roll 5 rotates.
  • the period of denier unevenness can be changed as desired by changing the diameter of stretching roll 5.
  • the amplitude of denier unevenness can be increased as desired by decreasing the number of windings of the fiber on the stretching roll 5 and separate roll 6.
  • the proportion of the aventurine portion of the surface of stretching roll 5 the amplitude of denier unevenness can be increased and also the proportion of the reduced stretched part can be increased.
  • the amplitude of denier unevenness can be increased.
  • the aventurine segment of the stretching roll must subtend more than 180, so that the running fiber is exclusively contacted only by the aventurine, so that periodical slippage occurs.
  • the aventurine segment of the stretching roll 5 must not subtend more than 330, so that the frictional resistance on the running fiber is so low that periodical stretching does not occur.
  • Example 1 Unstretched fiber of 60 denier poly-caprolactam monofilament was stretched by the system of FIG. 1.
  • a 240 portion in circumferential direction of the surface of stretching roll 5 has been finished aventurine (roughness 3s) by liquid honing with carborundum and then chrome plating and the remaining portion is a mirror-finished surface (roughness 0.3s).
  • the diameter of stretching roll 5 is 100 mm.
  • the length of running yarn from the stretching pin 4 to the first contacting point with the stretching roll 5 is 70 mm.
  • the yarn was passed with one turn around the combination of stretching roll 5 and separate roll 6 and then was wound up.
  • FIG. 3 shows denier unevenness of thus obtained fiber
  • FIG. 3 shows denier unevenness of thus obtained fiber
  • FIG. 4 shows denier unevenness of fiber obtained by stretching the same unstretched yarn using a conventional stretching roll, that is, a stretching roll the entire surface of which is mirror-finished (roughness 0.3s). These figures were determined using an unevennesss tester (Uster). The determination was conducted in such a Way that the fiber is passed at a constant speed through a two-plate condenser and the volume change due to denier unevenness is transformed into a current change which is recorded. The abscissa represents the length of fiber, and the ordinate represents the percent deviation of the fiber denier relative to the mean fiber denier (corresponding to 0%). FIG. 4 shows that the fiber denier is substantially constant. On the other hand, FIG.
  • the fiber produced according to the method of the invention has peaks, that is, insufficiently stretched portions at intervals of 250 mm. in the lengthwise direction of the fiber. Further, the birefringence of small fiber denier portions was determined at 5.3 X 10* and that of large fiber denier portions was determined as 1.7 10- which shows insutficient stretching.
  • Example 2 Unstretched yarn of 245 denier/24 filaments polycaprolactam was stretched by the system of FIG. 2.
  • the stretching roll is the same as in Example 1. About onethird of the surface of the stretching roll contacts the running fiber. The fiber was wound with three turns on the combination of stretching roll and two separate rolls and then wound up.
  • the denier unevenness of the thus obtained fiber has a periodical variation as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the denier unevenness of fiber obtained by stretching using a conventional stretching roll in replacement of roll 5 has no variation of fiber denier as shown in FIG. 6.
  • Apparatus for periodically varying the denier of synthetic fibers which comprises a feed roll, a stretching pin, a stretching roll having a cylindrical surface divided into two axially extending segments, one which is wider than the other and subtends an angle greater than and up to 330, the wider segment having an aventurine finish with a surface roughness value between 1s and 12s while the narrower segment has a mirror finish with a surface roughness value of less than 0.5s whereby the aventurine finish surface has a lower frictional resistance than the mirror finish surface, and at least one separator roll proximate said stretching roll for the winding of fibers around said stretching and separator rolls, each said separator roll having a fiber-engaging surface which has an aventurine finish.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US485272A 1964-09-09 1965-09-07 Apparatus for stretching synthetic fibers Expired - Lifetime US3422491A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5183464 1964-09-09

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US3422491A true US3422491A (en) 1969-01-21

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US485272A Expired - Lifetime US3422491A (en) 1964-09-09 1965-09-07 Apparatus for stretching synthetic fibers

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US (1) US3422491A (de)
DE (1) DE1660150A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1089944A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3522342A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-07-28 Nypel Inc Apparatus and method for making bristles having a filler
US3673650A (en) * 1969-05-19 1972-07-04 Bemberg Spa Method for producing a thermoplastic synthetic yarn having a latent crimp
US3715421A (en) * 1970-04-15 1973-02-06 Viscose Suisse Soc D Process for the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate filaments
US3914835A (en) * 1974-01-14 1975-10-28 Dow Badische Co Apparatus for drawing and crimping synthetic yarn

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2038722A (en) * 1928-09-13 1936-04-28 Celanese Corp Production of textile materials
US2859472A (en) * 1955-10-05 1958-11-11 Allied Chem Apparatus for reducing shrinkage and creep of thermoplastic yarns
US2975474A (en) * 1958-06-11 1961-03-21 Du Pont Process and apparatus for preparing novelty yarns
US3137033A (en) * 1960-10-07 1964-06-16 Algemene Kunstzijde Unie Nv Apparatus for drawing thread-shaped products

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2038722A (en) * 1928-09-13 1936-04-28 Celanese Corp Production of textile materials
US2859472A (en) * 1955-10-05 1958-11-11 Allied Chem Apparatus for reducing shrinkage and creep of thermoplastic yarns
US2975474A (en) * 1958-06-11 1961-03-21 Du Pont Process and apparatus for preparing novelty yarns
US3137033A (en) * 1960-10-07 1964-06-16 Algemene Kunstzijde Unie Nv Apparatus for drawing thread-shaped products

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3522342A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-07-28 Nypel Inc Apparatus and method for making bristles having a filler
US3673650A (en) * 1969-05-19 1972-07-04 Bemberg Spa Method for producing a thermoplastic synthetic yarn having a latent crimp
US3715421A (en) * 1970-04-15 1973-02-06 Viscose Suisse Soc D Process for the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate filaments
US3914835A (en) * 1974-01-14 1975-10-28 Dow Badische Co Apparatus for drawing and crimping synthetic yarn

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Publication number Publication date
GB1089944A (en) 1967-11-08
DE1660150A1 (de) 1972-04-13

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