US3278404A - Method and apparatus for cathodic protection - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cathodic protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3278404A US3278404A US748938A US74893858A US3278404A US 3278404 A US3278404 A US 3278404A US 748938 A US748938 A US 748938A US 74893858 A US74893858 A US 74893858A US 3278404 A US3278404 A US 3278404A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- platinum
- anodes
- media
- rhodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9265—Special properties
- Y10S428/929—Electrical contact feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/94—Pressure bonding, e.g. explosive
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
Definitions
- an electrode structure comprises a support of which the surface consists of titanium or a titanium base alloy having anodic polarisation properties comparable to those of pure titanium and having in contact with part or all of said surface a platinum group metal or alloy constituted by platinum group metals.
- the platinum group of metals consists of those metals occurring in Group 8 and Periods 5 and 6 of the Periodic Table.
- the support material commercially pure titanium and a titanium-zirconium alloy containing 5% by weight of the latter may be mentioned.
- the platinum group metal may be for example pure platinum, alloys of platinum and palladium containing 10% or 20% of the latter, pure rhodium, platinum-rhodium and platinum-iridium alloys or osmiumiridium alloys.
- the platinum group metal need only make good electrioal contact with the titanium for successful operation but in practice it will be preferred to attach the platinum group metal in secure manner to the titanium in order to resist the stresses of the environment in which the electrode is to be used.
- the platinum group metal may be in the form of bright sheet, wire, foil or pieces pressed, spot-welded, bolted or riveted on to the titanium.
- the platinum group metal may be used in powder form and attached to the titanium by rolling into the titanium surface. For certain applications a platinum black coating will be preferable because of its low overvoltage properties.
- platinum group metal Other methods of attachment of the platinum group metal are by metal spraying, Electroless plating, thermal decomposition of an applied paint film, spark transfer, sputtering or evaporating.
- the surface character of the platinum group metal will be chosen in accordance with the overvoltage requirements of the gaseous species being discharged at the electrode.
- Typical electrodes of the invention are prepared as follows.
- the titanium or alloy thereof in whatever wrought form required is etched for 4 hours at 60 C. in pure concent-rated hydrochloric acid as described in British patent specification No. 758,013, and rinsed, cleaned and then electroplated.
- the titanium may be im- 3,278,404 Patented Oct. 11, 1966 ICC mer-sed for 3 days at room temperature in pure hydrochloric acid to prepare its surface.
- the electroplating bath will contain sodium hexahydroxy-platinate or rhodium sulphate solution in the case of platinum or rhodium respectively and plating will be conducted under conventional conditions to give a coating of the required thickness.
- a coating of 0.000 1 inch will be suitable to combine current density requirements with a useful working life of the electrode but in many cases thinner coatings, e.g. 0.00001 or 0000005 inch may be satisfactory. If only part of the surface is to he plated then stopping-off materials will be employed.
- Electrodes may be used as anodes in a variety of electrolytes notably those in which the reaction at the anode involves the liberation of oxygen or chlorine.
- the electrodes make use of the strength and low weight of titanium and its high corrosion resistance in a wide range of media.
- the electrodes permit the use of very high current densities, for example, at 1000 amperes per square foot of true surface area of the platinum group metal.
- the current density which may be employed in any particular case and this is due to the fact that at extremely high current densities appreciable polarisation of the platinum group metal may occur; this in turn may render any exposed titanium more anodic than it would be at lower current densities and at a sufiiciently high voltage it may cause anodic dissolution of the exposed titanium.
- a further limitation in the use of electrodes of this invention in electrolytic cells is that it is necessary to avoid the use of alternating current or direct current carrying an appreciable proportion of superimposed alternating current or having any appreciable ripple effect. Experience indicates that direct current with up to 5% alternating current ripple is acceptable.
- the support constitutes the main bulk of the electrode upon which the active component, i.e. the platinum group metal is disposed.
- the electrodes offer the advantages of solid platinum without incurring the high coat of solid paltinum. It is not necessary that the bulk of the electrode consists entirely of titanium or its alloy and, if desired, an inner core of another metal may be used.
- the electrodes can be of a flexible form adapted to be conformed to the requirements of cell design by bending, e.g. flexible meshes or grilles of the form required. Such structures can be produced with expanded titanium mesh.
- the cathodic protection of a steel jetty standing in estuarine water and presenting an area of approximately 15,000 square feet of metal may be effected by means of four anodes constructed in titanium and carrying electroplated coatings of platinum.
- the arrangement of anodes is shown in the accompanying drawing.
- the anodes 1 are in the form of rods 2 feet in length and /8 inch in diameter and each carries a layer of platinum 0.0001 inch thick.
- the anodes are mounted in a wooden frame 2 and are each tapped at one end for the admission of a screw terminal 3 to secure the current lead 4 to the electrode.
- the connection between the current lead 4 and the electrode is held in bitumen and the four leads are combined and connected to the positive pole of a source of direct current.
- Cathodic protection may also be effected according to the invention in other waters of suitable conductivity.
- the cathodic protection of iron or steel pipelines carrying corrosive media is very conveniently effected by means of anodes in wire form, e.g. mounted c-oaxially inside the pipe.
- an electrode having a low oxygen overvoltage is desirable in order to reduce the electrical energy consumed.
- the surface of the noble material should be as active as possible and this is achieved with matt or finely divided deposits.
- the anodes are conveniently in the form of titanium rod having wire of the platinum group metal spot-welded to its surface.
- a high oxygen overvoltage is desirable in certain electrolytic oxidation processes thereby achieving maximum oxidation efiiciency. Accordingly, in this application the surface of the noble metal should be bright.
- platinised titanium electrodes may be used with advantage in place of both magnetite anodes and stainless steel cathodes.
- magnetite anodes and stainless steel cathodes no cell contamination problems are encountered where platinised titanium is employed for both anodes and cathodes whilst overall electrical efficiency is substantially the same.
- Platinum-plated titanium anodes may be used to replace graphite in the production of sodium hypochlorite by the electrolysis of solutions of sodium chloride.
- the current efficiency of the electrodes is greater than graphite electrodes when the process is worked to produw 2.5% available chlorine in the electrolysed solution.
- the working voltage of the anode more nearly approaches the theoretical decomposition voltage than graphite and the energy efficiency of the process is greater than that with graphite anodes.
- replacement costs of the platinised titanium anodes are small and there is no need for frequent adjustment oi voltage control to compensate for wear as with graphite anodes.
- electrodes according to the invention may be used for electrolytic oxidation processes involving the production of nascent oxygen, for example, to reduce the oxygen demand of various industrial efiluents.
- a process for cathodically protecting a metal structure in contact with corrosive aqueous media which comprises passing current through an electrical system which includes a current source having a negative terminal connected to said structure and a positive terminal connected to an anode positioned in said media and insulated from said negative terminal, said anode comprising a support selected from the group consisting of titanium and titanium base alloys having anodic polarization properties essentially the same as those of titanium in said media, said support having an operative surface consisting essentially of at least one member of the group consisting of platinum, rhodium and platinum and rhodium base alloys in which all of the constituents are platinum group metals.
- a cathodic protection system for protecting a metal structure in contact with corrosive aqueous media which comprises a current source having a negative terminal connected to said structure and a positive terminal connected to an anode positioned in said media and insulated from said negative terminal, said anode comprising a support selected from the group consisting of titanium and titanium base alloys having anodic polarization properties essentially the same as those of titanium in said media, said support having an operative surface consisting essentially of at least one member of the group consisting of latinum, rhodium and platinum and rhodium base alloys in which all of the constituents are platinum group metals.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB22619/57A GB877901A (en) | 1957-07-17 | 1957-07-17 | Improvements relating to electrodes and uses thereof |
GB2761657 | 1957-09-02 | ||
GB487358 | 1958-02-14 | ||
GB486958 | 1958-02-14 | ||
GB3037/59A GB887941A (en) | 1957-07-17 | 1959-01-28 | Improvements relating to alloys |
GB1855959 | 1959-06-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3278404A true US3278404A (en) | 1966-10-11 |
Family
ID=27546472
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US748938A Expired - Lifetime US3278404A (en) | 1957-07-17 | 1958-07-16 | Method and apparatus for cathodic protection |
US4375A Expired - Lifetime US3118828A (en) | 1957-07-17 | 1960-01-25 | Electrode structure with titanium alloy base |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US4375A Expired - Lifetime US3118828A (en) | 1957-07-17 | 1960-01-25 | Electrode structure with titanium alloy base |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3278404A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU231949B1 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE569500A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA625003A (fr) |
CH (2) | CH386401A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE1281232B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR1207838A (fr) |
GB (2) | GB877901A (fr) |
IT (1) | IT593326A (fr) |
LU (2) | LU36275A1 (fr) |
NL (4) | NL126074C (fr) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4137370A (en) * | 1977-08-16 | 1979-01-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Titanium and titanium alloys ion plated with noble metals and their alloys |
US4238551A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1980-12-09 | Halcon Research & Development Corporation | Composition for inhibiting corrosion of titanium |
US4298445A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1981-11-03 | Marston Excelsior Limited | Anode for cathodic protection system |
US4614574A (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1986-09-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Impressed current anode bed |
US5421968A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1995-06-06 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure |
US5451307A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1995-09-19 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Expanded metal mesh and anode structure |
US20140353168A1 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-12-04 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Electrode for electrochemical abatement of chemical oxygen demand of industrial wastes |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL250923A (fr) * | 1959-04-27 | |||
GB900370A (en) * | 1959-07-22 | 1962-07-04 | Oronzio Nora De | Corrosion resistant, current- or heat-conducting components |
US3055821A (en) * | 1960-03-07 | 1962-09-25 | Olin Mathieson | Diaphragmless monopolar elecrolytic cell |
FR1220408A (fr) * | 1960-06-22 | 1960-05-24 | Ici Ltd | Cellules électrolytiques multiples |
NL279382A (fr) * | 1961-06-29 | |||
US3117023A (en) * | 1962-01-03 | 1964-01-07 | Ionics | Method of making a non-corroding electrode |
US3287250A (en) * | 1962-05-28 | 1966-11-22 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Alkali-chlorine cell containing improved anode |
BE637692A (fr) * | 1962-09-20 | |||
US3373092A (en) * | 1963-03-29 | 1968-03-12 | Ajinomoto Kk | Electrodeposition of platinum group metals on titanium |
US3410785A (en) * | 1965-08-24 | 1968-11-12 | Nat Res Corp | Vacuum metallized electrode |
DE1567909B1 (de) * | 1965-12-07 | 1970-07-16 | Basf Ag | Titan-oder tantalhaltige Anode fuer horizontale Elektrolysezellen |
IT1002909B (it) * | 1973-02-17 | 1976-05-20 | Deutsche Automobilgesellsch | Membrana per la separazione di idro geno da miscele di gas contenenti idrogeno |
US3876517A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-04-08 | Ppg Industries Inc | Reduction of crevice corrosion in bipolar chlorine diaphragm cells by locating the cathode screen at the crevice and maintaining the titanium within the crevice anodic |
US4330376A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1982-05-18 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Process for inhibiting titanium corrosion |
DE2946900C2 (de) * | 1979-11-21 | 1982-04-01 | Guldager Electrolyse Gmbh & Co Kg, 4660 Gelsenkirchen-Buer | Gegen Innenkorrosion geschützter Behälter |
ATE90117T1 (de) * | 1986-03-03 | 1993-06-15 | Ppg Industries Inc | Schwerloesliche anode fuer die kathodische elektrolytische abscheidung. |
GB2190399A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-11-18 | Nat Res Dev | Multi-metal electrode |
GB9017404D0 (en) * | 1990-08-08 | 1990-09-19 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Ozone generation |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1477099A (en) * | 1922-07-07 | 1923-12-11 | Firm Of Chem Fab Weissenstein | Anode for forming percompounds |
CH236579A (de) * | 1942-03-20 | 1945-02-28 | Degussa | Elektrode mit hohem anodischem Übergangswiderstand. |
US2631115A (en) * | 1949-08-06 | 1953-03-10 | Manganese Battery Corp | Electrodes for electrochemical cells |
US2636856A (en) * | 1948-06-29 | 1953-04-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrode for electrochemical oxidation |
DE904490C (de) * | 1952-03-02 | 1954-02-18 | Degussa | Metallische Formkoerper |
US2719797A (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1955-10-04 | Baker & Co Inc | Platinizing tantalum |
US2734837A (en) * | 1953-10-03 | 1956-02-14 | Surface treatment of titanium or | |
US2795541A (en) * | 1951-12-22 | 1957-06-11 | Degussa | Electrolytic production of percompounds |
US2863819A (en) * | 1955-08-25 | 1958-12-09 | Herman S Preiser | Insoluble trailing anode for cathodic protection of ships |
US2873233A (en) * | 1956-03-21 | 1959-02-10 | Philco Corp | Method of electrodepositing metals |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH100171A (de) * | 1922-06-12 | 1923-07-16 | Chem Fab Weissenstein Ges M B | Anode zur Herstellung von Perverbindungen. |
NL88097C (fr) * | 1951-12-31 | |||
GB762590A (en) * | 1952-12-22 | 1956-11-28 | Rem Cru Titanium Inc | Improvements in or relating to titanium base alloys containing antimony |
US2754204A (en) * | 1954-12-31 | 1956-07-10 | Rem Cru Titanium Inc | Titanium base alloys |
US2893864A (en) * | 1958-02-04 | 1959-07-07 | Harris Geoffrey Thomas | Titanium base alloys |
US2998359A (en) * | 1958-11-25 | 1961-08-29 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Method for preparing anodes for cathodic protection systems |
-
0
- NL NL247771D patent/NL247771A/xx unknown
- NL NL124248D patent/NL124248C/xx active
- IT IT593326D patent/IT593326A/it unknown
- NL NL229673D patent/NL229673A/xx unknown
- CA CA625003A patent/CA625003A/en not_active Expired
- LU LU38186D patent/LU38186A1/xx unknown
- NL NL126074D patent/NL126074C/xx active
- BE BE569500D patent/BE569500A/xx unknown
- LU LU36275D patent/LU36275A1/xx unknown
-
1957
- 1957-07-17 GB GB22619/57A patent/GB877901A/en not_active Expired
-
1958
- 1958-07-16 US US748938A patent/US3278404A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1958-07-16 DE DEI15114A patent/DE1281232B/de active Pending
- 1958-07-16 AU AU39610/58A patent/AU231949B1/en not_active Expired
- 1958-07-17 CH CH6189358A patent/CH386401A/de unknown
- 1958-07-17 FR FR1207838D patent/FR1207838A/fr not_active Expired
-
1959
- 1959-01-28 GB GB3037/59A patent/GB887941A/en not_active Expired
-
1960
- 1960-01-25 US US4375A patent/US3118828A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-01-26 DE DE19601421368 patent/DE1421368A1/de active Pending
- 1960-01-27 CH CH85260A patent/CH416580A/de unknown
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1477099A (en) * | 1922-07-07 | 1923-12-11 | Firm Of Chem Fab Weissenstein | Anode for forming percompounds |
CH236579A (de) * | 1942-03-20 | 1945-02-28 | Degussa | Elektrode mit hohem anodischem Übergangswiderstand. |
US2636856A (en) * | 1948-06-29 | 1953-04-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrode for electrochemical oxidation |
US2631115A (en) * | 1949-08-06 | 1953-03-10 | Manganese Battery Corp | Electrodes for electrochemical cells |
US2719797A (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1955-10-04 | Baker & Co Inc | Platinizing tantalum |
US2795541A (en) * | 1951-12-22 | 1957-06-11 | Degussa | Electrolytic production of percompounds |
DE904490C (de) * | 1952-03-02 | 1954-02-18 | Degussa | Metallische Formkoerper |
US2734837A (en) * | 1953-10-03 | 1956-02-14 | Surface treatment of titanium or | |
US2863819A (en) * | 1955-08-25 | 1958-12-09 | Herman S Preiser | Insoluble trailing anode for cathodic protection of ships |
US2873233A (en) * | 1956-03-21 | 1959-02-10 | Philco Corp | Method of electrodepositing metals |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4298445A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1981-11-03 | Marston Excelsior Limited | Anode for cathodic protection system |
US4137370A (en) * | 1977-08-16 | 1979-01-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Titanium and titanium alloys ion plated with noble metals and their alloys |
US4238551A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1980-12-09 | Halcon Research & Development Corporation | Composition for inhibiting corrosion of titanium |
US5421968A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1995-06-06 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure |
US5451307A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1995-09-19 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Expanded metal mesh and anode structure |
US5639358A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1997-06-17 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure |
US5759361A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1998-06-02 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure |
US6254743B1 (en) | 1985-05-07 | 2001-07-03 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Expanded titanium metal mesh |
US4614574A (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1986-09-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Impressed current anode bed |
US20140353168A1 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-12-04 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Electrode for electrochemical abatement of chemical oxygen demand of industrial wastes |
US10287190B2 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2019-05-14 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Electrode for electrochemical abatement of chemical oxygen demand of industrial wastes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1207838A (fr) | 1960-02-18 |
LU38186A1 (fr) | |
AU231949B1 (en) | 1959-01-22 |
BE569500A (fr) | |
DE1281232B (de) | 1968-10-24 |
CH416580A (de) | 1966-07-15 |
LU36275A1 (fr) | |
NL229673A (fr) | |
NL247771A (fr) | |
DE1421368A1 (de) | 1968-10-10 |
NL126074C (fr) | |
IT593326A (fr) | |
US3118828A (en) | 1964-01-21 |
CA625003A (en) | 1961-08-01 |
CH386401A (de) | 1965-01-15 |
GB877901A (en) | 1961-09-20 |
NL124248C (fr) | |
GB887941A (en) | 1962-01-24 |
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