US3224244A - Swaging machine - Google Patents

Swaging machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3224244A
US3224244A US351799A US35179964A US3224244A US 3224244 A US3224244 A US 3224244A US 351799 A US351799 A US 351799A US 35179964 A US35179964 A US 35179964A US 3224244 A US3224244 A US 3224244A
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Prior art keywords
adjusting
hammer
hammers
swaging
housings
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Expired - Lifetime
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US351799A
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English (en)
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Kralowetz Bruno
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers

Definitions

  • SWAGING MACHINE I *Im-"1 I I n m A. as N N I I/'N l Q o lx. l 0 n N N a N m I O Ln l O 1 :z I I l g a ⁇ Q I w+@ ,l N 4 )H1/H lsl( N 1 ⁇ ze, zo V., l w) I 9V wf I 'I III. I '12 0') aww/70!- United States Patent O 3,224,244 SWAGING MACHINE Bruno Kralowetz, St. Ulrich, near Steyr, Austria Filed Mar. 13, 1964, Ser. No.
  • This invention relates to a swaging machine having preferably four hammers which are radially directed towards the axis of the workpiece and are driven by eccentrics and have driving shafts eccentrically mounted in cylindrical housings rotatably adjustably mounted in the swaging box, in which machine each adjusting housing is connected to a backing piston, which is displaceable in a cylinder and under the action of hydraulic pressure, which piston retains the housing against a rotation in the hammer-opening sense during the hammer blow until a swaging pressure has been reached which is determined by a suitably adjustable overpressure relief Valve incorporated in the hydraulic system.
  • the backing piston must perform relatively large displacements so that large amounts of liquid are required in the cylinders of the backing pistons. It has now been found that the large number of hammer blows per unit of time, the compressibility of the liquid, and the elongation of the hydraulic conduits result in undesirable shakes or vibration so that the adjusting housings, the angular positions of which determine the penetration of the hammers into the workpiece, are not perfectly at rest during the operation. This will obviously have detrimental results regarding the result of the swaging operation. Besides, vibration and shakes result in a premature wear of the moving parts. i
  • each adjusting housing and its backing piston which is subjected to pressure only at one end, is connected to a mechanical adjusting gearing, which serves for an arbitrary rotation of the housing.
  • the adjusting pistons serve only to enable a yielding of the entire mechanism for rotating the adjusting housings in the case of overload whereas the rotation of the adjusting housings for setting the depth corresponding to the desired cross-sectional dimension of the workpiece is effected by the mechanical adjusting gearings, which are not liable to be subjected to vibration and which are free of other disadvantages involved in hydraulic transmissions.
  • each adjusting gearing comprises a nut, which is held in axial direction by the backing piston and is rotatable by a gear wheel, preferably a worm wheel, and a non-rotatable screw, which is articulatedly connected to the adjusting housing, the nut being non-rotatably but axially slidably coupled to the gear wheel or worm wheel.
  • a gear wheel preferably a worm wheel
  • a non-rotatable screw which is articulatedly connected to the adjusting housing, the nut being non-rotatably but axially slidably coupled to the gear wheel or worm wheel.
  • a rotation of ice the nut will obviously result in an axial displacement of the screw.
  • the screw is connected to the adjusting housing, e.g., by a connecting-rod, the adjusting housing will be rotated in accordance with the axial movement of the screw.
  • a worm wheel or worm gearing has the advantage of being self-locking.
  • the adjusting gearings for the adjusting housings associated with each pair of two opposed hammers are adapted to be jointly driven and to be selectively coupled to the adjusting gearings associated with the other pair of hammers.
  • the stroke position of each pair of opposed hammers will always be displaced simultaneously and to the same extent, whereas the adjustment of the other pair of hammers is independent of the adjustment of the first-mentioned pair, as is necessary for obtaining workpieces having a rectangular cross-section.
  • each adjusting housing is connected to an additional piston, which is subjected to hydraulic pressure at one end and tends to rotate the adjusting housing in the same direction as the swaging pressure, the hydraulic pressure acting on the backing piston being a multiple of the pressure acting on this additional piston.
  • each backing piston has associated with it a switch, which -is operable by the backing piston when the latter is displaced under the action of an overload and serves for directly or indirectly energizing the motors for driving the adjusting gearings in the sense of a rotation of the adjusting gearings in a hammer-opening direction.
  • This feature provides a further protection against overload.
  • the displacement of the backing piston results first in a rotation of the adjusting housings in the hammer-opening sense. Then the operation of the switch starts the mechanical adjusting gearing in the same sense so that the hammers will be reliably opened to a sufficiently large extent.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line I-I of FIG. 2 and showing a part of a swaging machine
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on lines II-II (upper half) and II-II (lower half) of FIG. l, and
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the entire machine.
  • hammers 2, 2 evenly spaced around the workpiece 3, which is centrally guided through the swaging box 1, are slidably mounted in the swaging box in xed guides 4, 5 so as to be radially reciprocable with respect to the workpiece axis.
  • the hammers 2 are driven by eccentrics 7 carried by shafts 6.
  • the eccentrics 7 are embraced by a cylindrical sliding block 8, which is slidable transversely to the hammer axis in appropriately shaped shell members 9.
  • the shell members 9 have central pins 16 mounted in the hammer 2 for a limited pivotal movement about the hammer axis.
  • a rotation of the driving shafts 6 will reciprocate the hammers 2 in the radial direction of the workpiece 3 while the sliding blocks 8 ⁇ perform a corresponding transverse movement.
  • the driving shafts 6 are eccentrically mounted in cylindrical housings 11, which are capable of rotary adjustment in the swaging box 1. Owing to this eccentricity, a rotation of the adjusting housing 11 will change the distance from the driving shafts 6 to the workpiece axis. This enables an arbitrary adjustment of the stroke position of the hammers 2 and the penetration of the dies 12, secured to the hammers, into the workpiece.
  • the eccentric shafts 6 of all four hammers are driven by a common motor (not shown) by means of a belt drive or the like, a gear wheel 13, idler wheels 14, and spur gears 15, each of which is associated with one shaft 6. Owing to the change of the position of the shafts 6 by the rotation of the adjusting housings 11, the spur gears 15 cannot be rigidly coupled to the shafts 6.
  • Each spur gear 15 .and a flywheel 16 carried on the shaft 6 are designed to form the two coupling discs of a cross-keyed coupling (Oldhams coupling), the cross-keyed disc 17 of which has grooves on both sides whereas the spur gear 15 and the flywheel 16 carrying the sliding blocks engaging these grooves.
  • Each adjusting housing 11 is connected by a connecting rod 18 to a tubular screw 19, which is held against rotation.
  • the screw is threaded into a nut 2t), which bears by means of an axial bearing 21 on a piston 22, which is subjected to hydraulic pressure at one end, according to FIG. 2 on the right.
  • the nut 20 is non-rotatably, but axially slidably coupled to a worm wheel 23, which meshes with a worm 24.
  • the worms associated with each pair of diametrically oppoiste hammers 2 are jointly driven from a common hydraulic motor 27 by means of shafts 25 and angle gearings 26.
  • the worms associated with the hammers 2 are jointly driven from a motor 27 by means of shafts 25' and .angle gearings 26.
  • These two drive branches may be coupled together by means of a clutch 28 and two spur gears 29 (FIG. 3).
  • a pump 31 driven by a motor 30 serves for applying hydraulic pressure to the four backing pistons 22, and is connected by conduits 32 to the respective cylinder chambers.
  • the backing pressure is determined by an adjustable overpressure relief valve 33. If the permissibleswaging pressure is exceeded, e.g., as a result of an excessive penetration of the dies 12 into the workpiece 3 or an insufficient swaging temperature, the force transmitted to the pisto-ns 22 by the connecting rod 18, the screw 19 and the nut 20 will be increased. The hydraulic pressure Will then rise beyond the value set at the Valve 33 so that this valve opens and releases oil. Now the backing piston and with it the entire adjusting gearing can be displaced in such a manner that the adjusting housing rotates in the hammer-opening sense.
  • An arbitrary rotation of the adjusting housings 11 may be effected by the motors 27, 27', which drive the worms 24 and with them the worm wheels 23 in one sense of rotation or the other so that the tubular screws 19 are axially displaced in one direction or the other and the adjusting housings are rotated by means of the connecting-rods 13 to approach the hammers to or remove them Cil from the workpiece.
  • the amount of this adjustment may be read from circular scales 34, 34.
  • the energization and de-energization of the hydraulic motors 27, 27 may be selectively effected by hand by an operator in view of the information obtained by reading the scales.
  • Each adjusting housing 11 is engaged by another piston 38, which is guided in a cylinder 37 and subjected to pressure at one end. Pressure is applied to one end of these pistons 38 by a pump 39 through conduits 40.
  • the pistons 4t) tend to rotate the adjusting housing in the same sense as the forging pressure. Hence, they exert on the connecting-rods 1S a tensile force which eliminates the backlash throughout the adjusting gearings and urges their movable part inherently into engagement.
  • a swaging machine which comprises a swaging box dening a path along which a workpiece is movable in the direction of its longitudinal axis, a plurality of cylindrical adjusting housings mounted in said swaging box and angularly adjustable in hammer-opening and hammer-closing directions, a plurality of hammer drive shafts, each of which is eccentrically and rotatably mounted in one of said housings, a plurality of eccentrics, each of which is carried by one of said shafts, a plurality of hammers, which are mounted in said box and movable toward and away from said path in a direction which is radial to said path, said eccentrics being operable by said shafts to drive said hammers toward said path for a hammer blow and away from said path, said hammers being adapted to be adjusted away from and toward said path by an angular adjustment of said adjusting housings in said hammer-opening and hammer-closing directions, respectively, a plurality
  • each of said adjusting gearings comprises a non-rotatable screw, which is articulatedly connected to the respective adjusting housing, a gear wheel, and a nut, which is nonrotatably and axially slidably connected to said gear wheel for rotation thereby, said nut being axially held by the backing piston operatively connected to the respective adjusting housing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US351799A 1963-05-20 1964-05-13 Swaging machine Expired - Lifetime US3224244A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT404563A AT235113B (de) 1963-05-20 1963-05-20 Schmiedemaschine

Publications (1)

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US3224244A true US3224244A (en) 1965-12-21

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ID=3558899

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US351799A Expired - Lifetime US3224244A (en) 1963-05-20 1964-05-13 Swaging machine

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US (1) US3224244A (de)
AT (1) AT235113B (de)
DE (1) DE1243950B (de)
FR (1) FR85428E (de)
GB (1) GB1020348A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460370A (en) * 1966-05-23 1969-08-12 Bruno Kralowetz Apparatus for swaging continuous stock
US3596497A (en) * 1968-06-25 1971-08-03 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Apparatus for the continuous swaging of continuous workpieces
US3670556A (en) * 1969-06-16 1972-06-20 Bruno Kralowetz Tool for use in a swaging machine
US3690142A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-09-12 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Swaging machine for a continuous swaging of rod-shaped workpieces
US3834214A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-09-10 B Kralowetz Forging press
US3837209A (en) * 1972-12-04 1974-09-24 R Siegfried Forging machine
US3841125A (en) * 1972-02-18 1974-10-15 Sack Gmbh Maschf Control device with hydraulic synchronising control for forging machines
US4229963A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-10-28 Savinov Evgeny A Machine for noncutting metal shaping
US4464924A (en) * 1981-11-17 1984-08-14 Bruno Kralowetz Swaging machine
US4674171A (en) * 1984-04-20 1987-06-23 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US4771811A (en) * 1984-04-20 1988-09-20 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US20110037210A1 (en) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-17 Rode John E Stackable belleville spring
CN115255249A (zh) * 2022-09-01 2022-11-01 江苏联诚精密合金科技有限公司 一种环形锻件的高效高质锻造设备及其锻造工艺

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT368728B (de) * 1981-01-21 1982-11-10 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Schmiedemaschine
AT372316B (de) * 1981-11-13 1983-09-26 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Schmiedemaschine
US4470325A (en) * 1982-08-19 1984-09-11 Baranaev Mikhail I Gear drive of forging machine
IT1236369B (it) * 1989-12-13 1993-02-25 Danieli Off Mecc Gruppo idraulico azionamento presse forgiatrici.
AT404441B (de) * 1996-09-17 1998-11-25 Gfm Holding Ag Schmiedemaschine
RU2282517C2 (ru) * 2004-05-31 2006-08-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Чепецкий механический завод" (ОАО ЧМЗ) Способ радиальной ковки заготовок и четырехбойковое ковочное устройство для его осуществления

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3028775A (en) * 1958-04-04 1962-04-10 Kralowetz Bruno Forging machine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT225499B (de) * 1961-12-21 1963-01-25 Ges Fertigungstechnik & Maschb Schmiedemaschine
FR1314334A (fr) * 1962-02-09 1963-01-04 Eumuco Ag Fuer Maschinenbau Presse à estamper

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3028775A (en) * 1958-04-04 1962-04-10 Kralowetz Bruno Forging machine

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460370A (en) * 1966-05-23 1969-08-12 Bruno Kralowetz Apparatus for swaging continuous stock
US3596497A (en) * 1968-06-25 1971-08-03 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Apparatus for the continuous swaging of continuous workpieces
US3670556A (en) * 1969-06-16 1972-06-20 Bruno Kralowetz Tool for use in a swaging machine
US3690142A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-09-12 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Swaging machine for a continuous swaging of rod-shaped workpieces
US3841125A (en) * 1972-02-18 1974-10-15 Sack Gmbh Maschf Control device with hydraulic synchronising control for forging machines
US3834214A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-09-10 B Kralowetz Forging press
US3837209A (en) * 1972-12-04 1974-09-24 R Siegfried Forging machine
US4229963A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-10-28 Savinov Evgeny A Machine for noncutting metal shaping
US4464924A (en) * 1981-11-17 1984-08-14 Bruno Kralowetz Swaging machine
US4674171A (en) * 1984-04-20 1987-06-23 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US4771811A (en) * 1984-04-20 1988-09-20 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US20110037210A1 (en) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-17 Rode John E Stackable belleville spring
CN115255249A (zh) * 2022-09-01 2022-11-01 江苏联诚精密合金科技有限公司 一种环形锻件的高效高质锻造设备及其锻造工艺
CN115255249B (zh) * 2022-09-01 2024-04-02 山西实达锻造股份有限公司 一种环形锻件的高效高质锻造设备及其锻造工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1243950B (de) 1967-07-06
AT235113B (de) 1964-08-10
FR85428E (fr) 1965-08-06
GB1020348A (en) 1966-02-16

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