US3151362A - Clothings for flats of carding machines - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 1964 A, M. A. FREITAG 3,151,362

CLOTHINGS FOR FLATS 0F CARDING MACHINES Filed June 18, 1959 2 Sheets-Skeet 1 Jul X M Oct. 6, 1964 'A. M. A. FREITAG 3,151,362

CLOTHINGS FOR FLATS OF CARDING MACHINES Filed June 18, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W 1 29M M United States Patent "ice 3,151,362 CLGTHINGS FOR FLATS 0F CARDING MACI HNES Auguste Mathieu Alfred Freitag, deceased, late of Rue Bellevue 18, Lambermont, Belgium, by Antoinette Maria Cornelie Lemahieu, executrix, Lambermont,

Belgium Filed .Iune 18, 1959, Ser. No. 821,159 1 Claim. (Cl. 19-114) The present invention relates to clothings for flats of carding machines.

For years the so called all-steel clothing has been developed with considerable success for the cylinders and taker-in rollers of carding engines which clothing consists of wire members having rigid hardened steel teeth directed outwards and these have proved to be comparatively satisfactory.

In addition the so-called semi-rigid clothing has been in use for years which like the other coverings are wound on the drums and taker ins in the form of bands. The semi-rigid clothing consists of a multi-layered covering in which instead of round wire teeth narrow steel members with obliquely chamfered ends are inserted. The rigid ends are in contrast with the rigid all steel clothing located resiliently in the base material the outer layers of which are coarser or of wider mesh than the inner layers (see Swiss patent specification 211,092).

Because of the disadvantages the use of completely resilient clothing for flats the chief of which is the necessity for frequently stripping out the high content of good fibres from the flat clothing, attempt has also been made to provide the fiat with a rigid so called all-steel covering. This however fails in practice in that the flats because of the great weight of the all-steel covering are subject to distortion and therefore the distance of the drum clothing teeth from the flat clothing teeth over the whole width of the carder necessary for a satisfactory working of the carder cannotbe maintained.

For flat cards it is a general rule that the flat clothing must have a greater density of teeth by at least English clothing counts numbers than the drum clothing. For this reason the flat clothing of flat carders has hitherto an English clothing count number of 90 to 140. Such a high count number can only be manufactured with clothing with resilient teeth of very thin wire whilst the so called semi-rigid clothings with sufiiciently stiff fiat wire teeth can be made only with considerably lower clothing count numbers and therefore do not come into consideration for the covering of flats quite apart from the fact that because of the flexible mounting of the rigid teeth and the small distance between the fiat and the drum the drum covering is easily damaged.

The object of the present invention is a clothing for the flats of a card comprising a band of fabric of several layers characterised in that the band comprises several compressed layers of rigid fabric forming a base and serving for the fixing of teeth formed of known U-shaped members and comprising flat metal wires the direction of the middle portions of which is parallel to that of the band and the legs of which form the teeth having the ends chamfered at an acute angle and being embedded so as not to bend nor curve.

Another feature is that the U-shaped members are disposed in rows and in each of the rows the middle portions located at the back of the band are substantially in contact.

Thus the middle bridge portions of the U-members lying side by side with metal to metal contact may be staggered relatively to one another in one direction in 3,151,362 Patented Oct. 6, 1964 such a way that the right angled legs forming the side boundaries of the middle bridge portion are staggered as seen from underneath.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is an end view of a conventional flat having a resilient card clothing,

FIGURE 2 is a view similar to FIGURE 1 of another form of conventional flat,

FIGURE 3 is a view similar to FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrating the flat of the present invention,

FIGURE 4 is an enlarged fragmentary bottom plan view of the base portion of the device illustrated in FIGURE 3,

FIGURE 5 is a further enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the base shown in FIGURE 4,

FIGURE 6 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a tooth forming a part of the invention,

FIGURES 7 to 10, inclusive, are views similar to FIG- URE 6 but illustrating various other cross sectional shapes the teeth may assume,

FIGURE 11 is an enlarged perspective view of a tooth construction in accordance with the invention,

FIGURE l2'is a greatly enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the tooth illustrated in FIG- URE 11, and

FIGURE 13 is a view similar to FIGURE 12 but illustrating another but unpreferred form the invention may assume.

In FIGURE 1 there is shown an end view of the usual fiat on the base plate 3 of which is mounted the base 1 of a resilient card clothing Z, by means of clamps 4 or the like.

In FIGURE 2 there is shown the same view of a fiat with all-steel clothing 5 which however-as mentioned abovebecause of the bending caused by its great weight has not progressed beyond the experimental stage and has not been able to find any acceptance in practice.

FIGURE 3 shows the same end view of a flat in accordance with the new idea with a clothing (according to the invention) in the base 8 of which formed of a plurality of textile layers the U-shaped teeth 6 of flat steel wire having points 7 are inserted with metal contactof their bight portions 10.

FIGURE 4 shows the back of the base '8 of a clothing for the flat in accordance with the invention and FIGURE 5 shows on a considerably enlarged scale a perspective view partly in section of the base consisting of textile layers 11 with a rubber covering layer 12 in which three U -shaped teeth 9 lying against one another side by side with metal contact of their bight portions 10 are mounted. The teeth are provided with tapered and pointed outer end portions.

FIGURES 6-10 are, respectively, transverse cross sections of a flat wire rounded at its. .edges, of a wire of oval or double convex section, an ovoid section wire, a wire of torpedo section, and a substantially triangular section wire.

FIGURE 11 is a perspective view of a U-shaped tooth element formed from a wire having the cross section of FIGURE 10.

FIGURE 12 is an enlarged fragmentary view of one of the tooth points of FIGURE 11.

FIGURE 13 is a view similar to FIGURE 12 showing a tooth point formed from a wire of rectangular cross section.

With the resilient clothing with round wire teeth hitherto used for the flats in carding machines numbers of teeth are bent back to a considerable extent so that they are not in action and do not participate at all in the carding process. In reality only about half or less than half of the teeth actually present participate in the carding process and this number during the whole working process is subjected to considerable fluctuations according to the amount of impurities to be separated out of the fibre fleece located on the drum.

If the needles of the flat clothing are rigid, however, as for example, with the all steel clothing or semi-rigid as in the clothing according to the invention, then a more uniform cleaning and combing is ensured because continuously the same number, namely an exactly predetermined number of teeth participate in the carding process. Thus the number of the teeth of a given wire count numbers actually working is quite substantially greater than that of the resilient clothing in general use up to the present time employing a considerably higher number under certain circumstances as hifi as double the wire count number.

As an example the clothing count number for a fiat according to the invention may be for instance 55 i.e.

256 teeth per square inch for a count number in the drum clothing of 500-550 teeth per square inch.

The main advantages of such a card clothing for flats is that:

(1) During carding a tooth retains its power to regulate the fibres; its action remains consistently efficient and consequently the carding is regular; the card sliver acquires a desirable regularity.

(2) The ends of the teeth do not approach the cloth ing with which they work in opposition. Also:

(a) Regular carding and therefore a card sliver of desirable characteristics is produced.

(b) It is possible to adjust the space between the clothings to a small distance with consequent optimum disentangling of the fibres.

In carrying out the invention the fabric base may be a homogeneous laminated fabric made up of identical plies i.e. formed of plies of a woven cotton fabric such as white cloth having the same number of warps and the same number of wefts in each ply.

Alternatively the fabric may be a mixture of layers of cotton and linen or hemp.

For instance, a fabric that has proved to be very satisfactory is one formed of 5 plies of cotton and two interposed plies of linen.

As a cohering agent, use may be made of synthetic rubber or other synthetic or plastic product. Such a mixture consists of a superimposition of the rubber covering layers as is employed for example'in the manufacture of pneumatic tires for motor vehicles obtained by permanent- -tion with materials having an oil or chemical base capable of attacking natural rubber,

According to a further feature the teeth are formed of fiat steel wire having a section with at least one rounded or acute side.

The sections of the wire may be for example:

(a) A flat wire rounded at both ends (FIG. 6)

(b) A wire of oval or double convex section (FIG. 7)

(c) A wire of ovoid section (FIG. 8)

(d) A wire of torpedo section (FIG. 9)

(e) A wire of substantially triangular section (FIG. 10).

Such wires have the property of presenting a better cutting edge giving better opening of the fibres and presenting a sharper profile to the material to be carded.

The advantage of the section of FIGURE 10 is that the bevelled portion 13 is terminated by a single edge 14 (F168. 11 and 12) whilst in the case of a rectangular section the extremity comprises two right-angles 15 (FIG. 13).

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 459,797, filed October 1, 1954, now abandoned.

What is claimed is:

A card clothing for the flats 0f carding engines comprising a fiat rectangular base formed of a plurality of layers of relatively strong cloth, and straight pointed teeth extending perpendicularly with respect to the outer surface of said base, each pair of teeth comprising a U-shaped wire having its bight portion extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of and abutting the rear face of said clothing and having its leg portions extending through said clothing, said U-shaped wires arranged in rows at an inclination to the longitudinal axis of the clothing, said bight portions being in abutting relation to one another, said U-shaped wire being of generally isosceles triangular cross section with slightly rounded fiber protecting apiece and with the smallest angle lying between the equal sides, and the ends of said legs being cut at a bias so as to provide relatively sharp points at the smallest angle apex, whereby optimal strength and point sharpness consistent with low mass of said wire are obtained.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,095,978 Decker May 5, 1914 1,685,658 Platt et al. Sept. 25, 1928 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,120,014 France Apr. 9, 1956 78,117 Germany Nov. 16, 1894 81,142 Germany May 16, 1895 3,283 Great Britain of 1872 20,162 Great Britain of 1911 186,006 Great Britain Sept. 21, 1922 309,986 Great Britain Jan. 29, 1929' 772,822 Great Britain Apr. 17, 1957 375,039 Italy Sept. 20, 1939

Images