US3126623A - L merrill - Google Patents
L merrill Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3126623A US3126623A US3126623DA US3126623A US 3126623 A US3126623 A US 3126623A US 3126623D A US3126623D A US 3126623DA US 3126623 A US3126623 A US 3126623A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hot
- forming
- metal
- die
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
- B21D26/08—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
- Y10T29/49806—Explosively shaping
Definitions
- Such hot-working techniques for the hot-forming of metals allow the working of metals at temperatures where they are most ductile and readily deformed into the desired form or shape. As the temperature of most metals rises, they lose their strength and become more ductile: hot-working of metals is thus an absolute necessity in the metals industry.
- the object of my invention is to improve upon the commonly used methods and means of today and to produce superior end results by combining the known techniques of hot working of metal with explosive-metal forming, and such a process as I have developed has an entirely new scope of possibilities, heretofore not thought practical or even envisioned.
- Molybdenum and its alloys, columbium, vanadium, and tungsten and its alloys are all important metals which require advanced or new methods of working before their full utility can be realized.
- the application of explosive forces transmitted through a hot fluid medium can be advantageously used in many types of metal working, such as forming, bending, drawing, compacting, hardening and extruding of metals or non-metallic materials.
- My present process includes the use of any chemical or electrical explosion or sudden release of energy including slow burning, deflagrating explosives, high detonating explosives, high voltage, electrical discharge or high velocity mechanical impact.
- the new process includes the use of any acceptable hot fluid medium maintained at a higher than ambient temperature by any suitable heating means, such as hot air, hot water, hot oil, molten salts and molten metals. As of now, I prefer to use most generally, molten salts.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a molten salt bath in an explosive forming tank
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of the insulated explosive charge as used in carrying out the process.
- the furnace or tank 10 preferably provided with a conventional ceramic lining 1.1 is closed by a splash cover 12, and is constructed of sufiicient size to accommodate the relatively large and heavy die 14.
- a metal forming blank 15 is inserted into the die cavity, which in this instance has a bulge or recess 16 into which the metal blank is to be pressed.
- Customarily the recess 16 is emptied of air by a vacuumline 13 leading to a suction motor (not shown) in the conventional manner.
- the tank is filled with the fluid medium 23, preferably salt, which is suitably heated to a molten state by an immersion heater 18 or other suitable means, and finally an explosive charge 17 is inserted into the interior of the die, inside the metal blank.
- a suitable cover 19 is employed to cover the die cavity and is arranged to have a seal tight fit therewith to seal the vacuum cavity or recess in the die.
- the explosive charge 21 is effectively insulated from the hot bath by the fact that the explosive charge 21 and detonator 22 are preferably cast in an asbestos-plaster mold 20, which will readily disintegrate upon detonation of the explosive.
- the tank is preferably constructed of a heat and shock resistant material.
- the precise temperature and the composition of the hot fluid medium will more or less be varied depending on the character of the metal to be shaped or formed.
- the forces generated by said explosion be it either a chemical, electrical or other sudden relcase of energy, form the metal blank in the die more advantageously and free of spring back when employing the hot fluid medium 23 for transmitting said forces.
- a method of forming metal comprising (a) providing a receptacle for retaining a fluid bath,
- a metal forming means comprising (a) a receptacle and a fluid medium carried by said receptacle,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
March 31, 1964 G. L. MERRILL 3,126,623
PROCESS AND MEANS FOR HOT METAL FORMING Filed Aug. 21, 1951 INVENTOR. GERALD L. MERRILL ATTO RN EYS United States Patent 3,126,623 PROCESS AND MEANS FOR HOT METAL FORMING Gerald L. Merrill, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Smith- Morris Corporation, Ferndale, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Filed Aug. 21, 1961, Ser- No. 132,916 4 Claims. (Cl. 29-421) My invention relates to a novel hot-working process and means for metal forming by the application of explosive forces transmitted through a hot fluid medium.
Many hot-working techniques have bee-n commonly used, such as hot-forging, hot-rolling and hot-forming of metals. Many metals are not formable at ordinary room temperature, and the past practice of heating such metals before forming is well known to those skilled in the art.
Such hot-working techniques for the hot-forming of metals allow the working of metals at temperatures where they are most ductile and readily deformed into the desired form or shape. As the temperature of most metals rises, they lose their strength and become more ductile: hot-working of metals is thus an absolute necessity in the metals industry.
Recently a great deal of research has been carried on in the field of explosive metal working, which is found to have many particular advantages over other, more conventional methods of forming metals. The ability of the process to produce bulged configurations in split or separable dies is a certain mechanical advantage. Minimizing of spring back and increasing the extent to which metals can be deformed without rupturing are two advantages which are not entirely explainable, but are proven accomplishments.
The object of my invention is to improve upon the commonly used methods and means of today and to produce superior end results by combining the known techniques of hot working of metal with explosive-metal forming, and such a process as I have developed has an entirely new scope of possibilities, heretofore not thought practical or even envisioned. Molybdenum and its alloys, columbium, vanadium, and tungsten and its alloys are all important metals which require advanced or new methods of working before their full utility can be realized.
The application of explosive forces transmitted through a hot fluid medium can be advantageously used in many types of metal working, such as forming, bending, drawing, compacting, hardening and extruding of metals or non-metallic materials.
My present process includes the use of any chemical or electrical explosion or sudden release of energy including slow burning, deflagrating explosives, high detonating explosives, high voltage, electrical discharge or high velocity mechanical impact. The new process includes the use of any acceptable hot fluid medium maintained at a higher than ambient temperature by any suitable heating means, such as hot air, hot water, hot oil, molten salts and molten metals. As of now, I prefer to use most generally, molten salts.
In order to better understand the invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawing illustrating one preferred piece of equipment found to be acceptable for use in carrying out my process, and in which FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a molten salt bath in an explosive forming tank, and
FIG. 2 is a cross section of the insulated explosive charge as used in carrying out the process.
The furnace or tank 10 preferably provided with a conventional ceramic lining 1.1 is closed by a splash cover 12, and is constructed of sufiicient size to accommodate the relatively large and heavy die 14. A metal forming blank 15 is inserted into the die cavity, which in this instance has a bulge or recess 16 into which the metal blank is to be pressed. Customarily the recess 16 is emptied of air by a vacuumline 13 leading to a suction motor (not shown) in the conventional manner. The tank is filled with the fluid medium 23, preferably salt, which is suitably heated to a molten state by an immersion heater 18 or other suitable means, and finally an explosive charge 17 is inserted into the interior of the die, inside the metal blank. A suitable cover 19 is employed to cover the die cavity and is arranged to have a seal tight fit therewith to seal the vacuum cavity or recess in the die.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 2 it will be evident that the explosive charge 21 is effectively insulated from the hot bath by the fact that the explosive charge 21 and detonator 22 are preferably cast in an asbestos-plaster mold 20, which will readily disintegrate upon detonation of the explosive. The tank is preferably constructed of a heat and shock resistant material.
Thus, by employing the explosive forming principle in which the forces are transmitted through a hot fluid medium, which preferably comprises in many applications, a molten salt bath, it has become possible to form end products of superior quality formed of materials which have heretofore been unsuitable for shaping by previously known methods.
The precise temperature and the composition of the hot fluid medium will more or less be varied depending on the character of the metal to be shaped or formed. On exploding the charge, the forces generated by said explosion, be it either a chemical, electrical or other sudden relcase of energy, form the metal blank in the die more advantageously and free of spring back when employing the hot fluid medium 23 for transmitting said forces.
ill; will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains, that while I have illustrated but one preferred form of my invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention or from the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A method of forming metal comprising (a) providing a receptacle for retaining a fluid bath,
(b) heating said fluid bath to a temperature higher than ambient temperature,
(0) submerging a forming die, a metal forming blank and an explosive charge in said heated fluid bath, and
(d) detonating said explosive charge to form said metal blank in said die.
2. The process as defined in claim 1 and including the step of insulating said explosive charge from said heated fluid bath.
3. A metal forming means comprising (a) a receptacle and a fluid medium carried by said receptacle,
(b) means carried in said receptacle for heating said fluid medium and maintaining same at a higher than ambient temperature,
(0) a die and means retaining said die submerged in said fluid medium,
(d) a metal blank supported in said die,
(e) an explosive charge immersed in said fluid medium and supported in said receptacle in a position relative to said die to form said metal blank upon detonation of said explosive charge, and
(f) means for insulating said explosive charge from said fluid medium. I
4. The means as defined in claim 3 and in which said 3 insulating means comprises a frangible material readily 2,770,874 disintegrated upon detonation of said explosive charge. 2,935,038 References Cited in the file of this patent 2983242 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 1,793,054 Carns Feb. 17, 1931 4 2,202,042 Blount May 28, 1940 1 4 Lindow Nov. 20, 1956 Chatten May 3, 1960 Cole May 9, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS Germany July 4, 1877 Great Britain June 13, 1918
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF FORMING METAL COMPRISING (A) PROVIDING A RECEPTACLE FOR RETAINING A FLUID BATH, (B) HEATING SAID FLUID BATH TO A TEMPERATURE HIGHER THAN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, (C) SUBMERGING A FORMING DIE, A METAL FORMING BLANK AND AN EXPLOSIVE CHARGE IN SAID HEATED FLUID BATH, AND (D) DETONATING SAID EXPLOSIVE CHARGE TO FORM SAID METAL BLANK IN SAID DIE.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3126623A true US3126623A (en) | 1964-03-31 |
Family
ID=3455679
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US3126623D Expired - Lifetime US3126623A (en) | L merrill |
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US (1) | US3126623A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3413833A (en) * | 1966-03-09 | 1968-12-03 | Aerojet General Co | Method and apparatus for explosively forming article of relatively brittle metal |
US3464249A (en) * | 1965-11-30 | 1969-09-02 | Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh | Method of and apparatus for explosive treatment of metals |
US3485075A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1969-12-23 | Vasily Vasilievich Kiselev | High energy forming vacuum chamber |
US3516274A (en) * | 1967-02-15 | 1970-06-23 | Stanley Lewis Graham | Method and device for shaping metal |
US4174624A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1979-11-20 | Shrum Lorne R | Tank for explosive forming |
RU2743176C1 (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-02-15 | Сергей Михайлович Анпилов | Explosion chamber for water explosive forming and method for producing explosion chamber for water explosive forming |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE164C (en) * | 1877-07-03 | F. W. FISCHER in Wernigerode | Hydraulic press for the production of hollow sheet metal goods | |
GB116386A (en) * | 1917-07-04 | 1918-06-13 | Henry Anton Emil Liebert | Improvements in the Stamping of Rims or Flanges on the Ends of Metal Tubes and the like. |
US1793054A (en) * | 1927-04-09 | 1931-02-17 | Cairns Dev Company | Art of molding sheet metal |
US2202042A (en) * | 1938-01-13 | 1940-05-28 | Clinton W Blount | Method of manufacturing hollow objects |
US2770874A (en) * | 1953-04-27 | 1956-11-20 | Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co | Method of locally expanding tubing |
US2935038A (en) * | 1955-08-26 | 1960-05-03 | Anheuser Busch | Apparatus for metal forming using explosive pressures |
US2983242A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | Explosive forming in liquid |
-
0
- US US3126623D patent/US3126623A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2983242A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | Explosive forming in liquid | ||
DE164C (en) * | 1877-07-03 | F. W. FISCHER in Wernigerode | Hydraulic press for the production of hollow sheet metal goods | |
GB116386A (en) * | 1917-07-04 | 1918-06-13 | Henry Anton Emil Liebert | Improvements in the Stamping of Rims or Flanges on the Ends of Metal Tubes and the like. |
US1793054A (en) * | 1927-04-09 | 1931-02-17 | Cairns Dev Company | Art of molding sheet metal |
US2202042A (en) * | 1938-01-13 | 1940-05-28 | Clinton W Blount | Method of manufacturing hollow objects |
US2770874A (en) * | 1953-04-27 | 1956-11-20 | Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co | Method of locally expanding tubing |
US2935038A (en) * | 1955-08-26 | 1960-05-03 | Anheuser Busch | Apparatus for metal forming using explosive pressures |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3464249A (en) * | 1965-11-30 | 1969-09-02 | Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh | Method of and apparatus for explosive treatment of metals |
US3413833A (en) * | 1966-03-09 | 1968-12-03 | Aerojet General Co | Method and apparatus for explosively forming article of relatively brittle metal |
US3516274A (en) * | 1967-02-15 | 1970-06-23 | Stanley Lewis Graham | Method and device for shaping metal |
US3485075A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1969-12-23 | Vasily Vasilievich Kiselev | High energy forming vacuum chamber |
US4174624A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1979-11-20 | Shrum Lorne R | Tank for explosive forming |
RU2743176C1 (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-02-15 | Сергей Михайлович Анпилов | Explosion chamber for water explosive forming and method for producing explosion chamber for water explosive forming |
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