US2717552A - Perforating explosive projectile - Google Patents

Perforating explosive projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
US2717552A
US2717552A US650334A US65033446A US2717552A US 2717552 A US2717552 A US 2717552A US 650334 A US650334 A US 650334A US 65033446 A US65033446 A US 65033446A US 2717552 A US2717552 A US 2717552A
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United States
Prior art keywords
explosive
projectile
detonator
shell
hood
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US650334A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brandt Edgar William
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Anstalt Fuer die Entwicklung von Erfindungen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen ENERGA
Original Assignee
Anstalt Fuer die Entwicklung von Erfindungen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen ENERGA
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Publication of US2717552A publication Critical patent/US2717552A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/04Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
    • F42B10/06Tail fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a perforating explosive projectile intended to furnish, at the moment of impact, a powerful perforating effect by formation and ejection at very great speed of a perforating core, this projectile including: a shell whose front part is deformable at the impact, a load of explosive placed in the rear part of this shell, the said load having in its front face, fairly distant.
  • a cavity which increases in diameter from rear to front a sheet metal hood applied against this cavitys wall, means for preventing the displacement of the hood during transportations and handling, a sensitive percussion and firing device mounted on the projectiles head, a detonator placed in the explosive load behind the hood, means for transmitting fire from the percussion device to the detonator, the hood being capable of folding back upon itself under the explosive deflagration effect at the impact, in order to transform itself into a compact perforating core thrown forward at very great speed by the powerful action of the explosive gaseous expansion.
  • the light weight of the new projectile makes it possible, moreover to fire it from light and handy weapons,
  • the whole shell may be made of a material having a density less than that of the hood.
  • the component parts, and in particular the outside wall will be of the least possible thickness and weight, with the exception of the explosive load and the inside hood, the importance and weight of which will be, on the contrary, brought to their maximum as far as is necessary.
  • the explosive load will advantageously include two superposed masses of cast explosive and powdered explosive, the detonator being placed between the two masses and, preferably, set in the powdered explosive part located beneath the other.
  • the contact of the two masses of explosive is preferably ensured over the whole of the bottom surface of the cast explosive.
  • the hood with a rough outside surface and the explosive will be cast on this surface so as to form a load which will then be introduced into the projectile.
  • the retention of the latter in order to prevent its displacement during transportations, handling, etc. is ensured by the explosive load, which it is only necessary to secure in place inside its shell.
  • This retention can be obtained by simple pasting with an appropriate material, as well as by means of a cap covering the annular base of this explosive load. This can, at the same time, constitute an air-tight element avoiding any contact of the charge with the outside atmosphere and the air contained inside the cavity provided in front of the perforating cone.
  • Fig. 1 is a diametrical section of a projectile in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a corresponding section on a plane through the axis of a projectile of alternative design.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial axial section of a projectile showing details of a structure according to this invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view partly in elevation and partly in axial section of the projectile showing an alternative design of the form of execution of Fig. 3.
  • the projectile in accordance with the invention includes a shell, the conical head 1 of which is capable of smashing itself against the target.
  • the middle part 2 of the shell connects with the bottom 3 which is ogival.
  • the upper mass 4 consists of high explosive of strong effect, but of relatively less sensitiveness than the lower mass 5, and for example, may be cast; and the lower mass 5 preferably consists of powdered and compressed explosive which is more easily detonated and acts as a relay to defiagrate the upper, less sensitive mass 4.
  • the mass 4 presents a deep conical cavity tapering from front to rear.
  • a metallic hood or cone 6 immobilized in position by a collar 7 fastened on the shell, at the bottom of the conical head 1 of the latter.
  • This collar is preferably made with a thickness markedly greater than that of the walls 1, 2 of the shell. It presents, towards the rear, against the external circular end of'the explosive load "4, apart or facet 7a slanting as regards the hood axis.
  • Thefacet 7a is followed by another .one 7b fairly perpendicular to the hood axis, and then-by a'second slanting facet 70 or lip which protrudes over the base of the hood.
  • the facet 70 has a diameter increasing from rear to front.
  • the point or apex of the cone 6 is'turned towards the bottomand its 'base is markedly distant'from the side wall of the :shell, so that the cone is surrounded by a great thickness of explosive over all its height, even at theplane of its base.
  • the cone 6 is preferably made of steel.
  • the walls of the projectile are, not only in the ogive 1, but also in the parts 2 and 3 of the shell, as thin and as light as possible withiregard to the strains which they have to'with'stand as well during the transportations or handlin'gs'as at the time of'shooting.
  • These walls can advantageously'be .made'of a substance (or of substances) of'a lower densi'tythan that of the cone 6 which must be made of steel. It will thus be possible to make the ogive'l, as well as the fuse holder 10 in a substance having a magnes'ium'base, and the rest of the shell of an aluminium alloy.
  • the sum of the weights of the explosive charge and of the hood is at least equivalent to the weight of the other component parts of the projectile: shell, fuse, etc.
  • the cone held into its place by its stop 7, also opposes 'itself'to any displacement towards the front or the load by effect of inertia, while the projectile is slowed down by the resistance of the air.
  • the sensitive fuse 9 is instantaneously brought into action by contact with the target.
  • the fire is transmitted to the detonator 12, which, in its turn, causes the high explosive 4 to detonate by the medium of the powdered load 5 acting as a relay.
  • the defiagration travels from the rear to the front with the maximum possible quickness and power thanks to the extent'of the surface" of contact of therelay charge 5 with the compressed explosive4. Owing to the judicious spreading of the explosive towards the cone base, the generated gases'act' powerfully over the total surface of the cone 6 which, under the influence of the considerable pressure produced, is violently pushed forwards and at the same time closed upon itself.
  • the steel cone 6 having thin walls is transformed and forged into-a compact core, of a much smaller diameter, and is thrown at'extreme speed on the target (an armour plate for in stance) which it pierces with great facility.
  • the thin head 1 smashes itself on the target at the very-moment when the core forms itself and, because of itslight mass, opposes practically no resistance at all to the passage of the core.
  • the perforating effect is obtained by the collection of an explosive power acting primarily over a great surface of comparatively-thin metal to which it imparts a considerable speed and by the restitution of the whole of this power, concentrated on a much smaller surface (practically about twenty times smaller) to act on the armour.
  • the collar 7 covering the end of the explosive load forms a protective screen against the prematurepropagation of the gases in directions other than those which facilitate the collapsing and the ejection of the hood 6 towards the front.
  • the collar7 there adds itself that of the front head 1 of the projectile ( Figure 1-),.-(generally of a conical orogival shape),
  • Theprojectile of the Figure 1 - is intended to be 'fired in a weapon having a smooth barrel utilising feeble ,pressures, such as a mortar for instance.
  • the shell'1, 2,"3 is fusiformand is fitted-at the rear witha stabilizing tail119.
  • the throwing can be effected by the arms and means currently used for projectiles fired from mortars in actual service.
  • the Figure 2 shows a projectile similar to that of the Figure l, but intended to be utilized as a grenade or aircraft bomb.
  • the annular collar 7 (shield or screen) which will be advantageously made of a light and comparatively plastic substance: cork, cardboard,etc. has for object to avoid the loss of gases-towards the front of the hood. This loss, without the screen, would not only reduce the action of the charge of explosive-on the hood, but would also have the result that the gases thus escaping forwards would form on thetarget an antagonistic gaseous cushion likely to crease the inertia effect and the resistance of the screen preventing the gases from going towards the front.
  • this ogival head 1 and the collar 7 will preferably fit on to the middle part 2 containing the explosive load with .a streamline curve so that the projectile may have the best possible ballistic qualities.
  • the substance constituting the hood (cone) will have to present an elongation coefiicient as high as possible in order to permit the collapsing and closing effect to take place regularly and in an even and regular manner, this condition being necessary to secure the best possible result.
  • the shell wall containing the explosive charge must also present itself elongation properties as high as possible, in order to be capable, before complete dislocation under the action of the explosive thrust, to constitute an extensible screen, the self-inertia of which retarding as much as possible and over the greatest possible course the explosive expansion.
  • the detonator' 12 will be preferably of the mixed type, primed with lead nitride, in order to secure a very quick and powerful priming.
  • the assembling of the various parts of the projectile must be efiected in conditions permitting to secure a good tightness, this condition being all important to secure the operation as previously described.
  • the components, that is to say the explosives as well as the metallic parts must, at assembling time, be in a state of absolute dryness.
  • the cavity provided in the front face of the explosive could, instead of being conical, take a curved or step-wise shape, the hood 6 being of course of a corresponding shape so as to always exactly fit the wall of the cavity.
  • the conical shape is preferable.
  • the projectile in accordance with the invention may be executed indiiferently as a shell for rifled or smooth barrels, as a rifle or pistol grenade, as an aircraft bomb or grenade, etc. the invention being applicable, generally speaking, every time that the desire is for a perforating effect on armour, even of the greatest thickness.
  • FIG. 3 shows details of design of a rifle grenade, the inside arrangement of which is similar to that of the projectile of Figure 2, but still difiers on the following points:
  • the percussion fuse 9 is placed behind and at certain distance from the front end of the deformable head 1 of the shell of the grenade.
  • This fuse is fitted on an inside head or wall 41 distant from the shell 1 and resting against the shield 7.
  • the inside head 41 is centered, at its base 42, by the outside head 1.
  • the fitting of the fuse 9 can be effected by any suitable means: simple forcing, staking, crimping, pasting with a varnish, etc.
  • the firing from the fuse 9 to the detonator 12 takes place, :as in the case of the Figure 1, without transmitting tube or special connecting part.
  • the primer 20a of the fuse 9 acts upon detonation to emit the flame which is transmitted directly along a path for initiating the action of the detonator 12; and serves at the same time for destroying the head 1 of the shell and the inside fuse holder head 41.
  • the front end of the projectile includes a structure extending rearwardly into the hollow space, such structure may be the outer wall of the primer 20a.
  • a safety device of the detonator intended to prevent any untimely fire transmission to the explosive load.
  • This device includes, in the example shown, a socket 43 resting on the front head of the detonator 12 and centered in the end of the cone 6.
  • this socket are housed mobile obturation parts such as balls 44, held in place by a retaining part constituted, for instance, by a ring or sleeve 45 of an inside diameter greater than that of the balls 44 and provided with lugs 46 bent towards the inside.
  • the ring 45 may slide from front to rear in the socket 43, but is prevented from so doing before the moment of shooting by the lugs 46 facing the balls.
  • the ring 45 is kept inside the socket 43 by the bent end 4311 of the latter.
  • the ring 45 remains behind by inertia and the lugs 46 are sheared by the balls 44. Then, while the grenade is subjected to a negative acceleration that is, a deceleration, due to air resistance, the balls 44 having a tendency to maintain their initial speed move forward and out of the socket 43, thus liberating the passage for fire transmission.
  • the balls 44 finally reach the front of the shell in the neighbourhood of the fuse 9, illustrated by the dotted line position in Fig. 1, normally radially outside the fuse structure and thus outside the direct axial path of fire transmission to the main detonator 12, being maintained during the deceleration and upon detonation in such position by the projection of the fuse structure into the hollow front end, illustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 3.
  • an armament retarding device permits the use of a head fuse reduced to its simplest expression and not compulsorily provided with an armament retardation.
  • the body or socket of the detonator safety device occupies the aperture at the apex of the cone or hood 6 and, at the time of shooting the projectile, prevents any disintegration of the explosive load towards the apex of the cone 6 and, at the time of detonation, prevents the gases from penetrating inside this cone, which would only decrease the useful effect.
  • the propulsion tube 20 of the grenade bears a tail 47 having the general shape of a cone expanding from front to rear and ending by a less inclined crown 47a.
  • a tail 47 having the general shape of a cone expanding from front to rear and ending by a less inclined crown 47a.
  • the cone are cut some sort of windows 48 obtained by pushing inside the out part, of which the blades 49, more or less obliquely directed in comparison with the cone surface 47, serve to increase the stabilizing effect by their braking action on air streams.
  • These blades may possibly be inclined so as to form a screw with a view to impart to the grenade a slight gyration favouring accurate shooting.
  • These ribs or grooves may be so arranged as to in crease at the same time the ease of assembling, to determine accurately the position of parts between themselves and to constitute a locking system.
  • the Figure 4 shows a grenade having a conical head 1 provided with longitudinal ribs 60, the lower base of which stands at 61 on the fuse holder wall 41, also forming solid steps, this arrangement determining exactly the position of the exterior cone 1. The setting is thus achieved with easiness and accuracy.
  • a phojectile having a shell, a head'on said shell, a load of explosive located in said shell,-said--load of explosive being formed with a cavity. extending from its front face, said cavity being spaced'from the head of the shell and increasing in diameter from rear to front, asheet metal hood applied against the walliof said cavity, -a socket having a longitudinal'passage .coaxial with the hood aperture, a main detonator behind the socket, said hood having at its rear an aperturepermitting fire transmission from the cavity to said socket passage-a sensitive head fuse located at the headof the projectileand including a priming detonator and a part positioned for delivering the flame 'of detonation into and across said cavity, said detonators being held spaced from one another, said part and the cavity providing fire-transmission means in a direct path from thepriming detonator to the aperture and passage and thus to the main detonator and being effective solely by the explosion.
  • a projectile having a shell, 9. head on said shell, a load of explosive located in said shell, said load :of explosive being formed with a cavity extending from its front face, said cavity being spaced from the head of the shell :and increasing .in diameter from rear to front, a sheet metal hood applied against the wall of said cavity, a socket having a longitudinal passage coaxial with the hood aperture, a main detonator behind the socket, said hood having atits rear an aperture permitting fire transmission from the cavity to said socket passage, a sensitive head fuse located at the head of the projectile and including a priming detonator and a part positioned for delivering the flame of detonation intotand across said cavity, said detonators being held spaced from one another, said part and the cavity providing fire transmission means in adirect path from the priming detonator to the aperture and passage and thus to the main detonator and being effective solely by the explosion of the priming detonator without any physical connecting part between said priming detonator and said

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US650334A 1944-02-10 1946-02-26 Perforating explosive projectile Expired - Lifetime US2717552A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2717552X 1944-02-10

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DE (1) DE877571C (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3137233A (en) * 1962-02-23 1964-06-16 Henry S Lipinski Explosive confinement ring
US3302567A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-02-07 Dresser Ind Shaped-charge booster
US4470353A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-09-11 Honeywell Inc. Stem booster
US4494459A (en) * 1980-09-05 1985-01-22 General Electric Company Explosive projectile
WO1988001724A2 (en) * 1986-09-02 1988-03-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni Projectile
WO2012003924A1 (de) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Vollkaliber- übungspatrone
US20160169639A1 (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Composite Shaped Charges

Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US369459A (en) * 1887-09-06 Projectile
US476395A (en) * 1892-06-07 Shell for high explosives
GB191128030A (en) * 1910-12-14 1912-10-10 Westf Anhaltische Sprengstoff Improvement in Explosive Charges or Bodies.
US1150667A (en) * 1915-02-13 1915-08-17 Henry H C Dunwoody Shell or projectile.
CH70165A (de) * 1915-01-09 1915-09-01 Walter Blum Einschießgeschoß für Gewehre
GB147104A (en) * 1918-10-24 1921-06-09 Constantin Chilowsky Improvements in or relating to projectiles
US1531624A (en) * 1924-08-21 1925-03-31 William K Richardson Projectile
GB260470A (en) * 1926-02-12 1926-11-04 Ltd Co Formerly Skoda Works Improvements in and relating to fuses for projectiles
FR614192A (fr) * 1926-04-08 1926-12-08 Mode de régulation automatique de combustion dans les charges de lancement
US1900790A (en) * 1930-07-25 1933-03-07 Brandt Edgar William Grenade
US2070946A (en) * 1935-10-07 1937-02-16 American Armament Corp Projectile
US2090457A (en) * 1934-09-05 1937-08-17 Vickers Armstrongs Ltd Fuse for projectiles
US2396978A (en) * 1941-04-28 1946-03-19 Franklin R Amthor Shell
US2412967A (en) * 1941-04-23 1946-12-24 Joseph H Church Petard missile
US2413004A (en) * 1943-03-01 1946-12-24 Short Frank Grenade
US2413680A (en) * 1942-11-21 1947-01-07 Budd Co Ogive mounting means for projectiles
US2419414A (en) * 1941-10-03 1947-04-22 Sageb Sa Projectile
US2426997A (en) * 1941-03-10 1947-09-09 John C Gray Projectile
US2441388A (en) * 1942-08-19 1948-05-11 George W Blackinton Projectile

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE435298A (de) * 1938-12-30
FR866294A (fr) * 1940-03-20 1941-07-21 Cartouche à balle explosive pour fusils de chasse

Patent Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US369459A (en) * 1887-09-06 Projectile
US476395A (en) * 1892-06-07 Shell for high explosives
GB191128030A (en) * 1910-12-14 1912-10-10 Westf Anhaltische Sprengstoff Improvement in Explosive Charges or Bodies.
CH70165A (de) * 1915-01-09 1915-09-01 Walter Blum Einschießgeschoß für Gewehre
US1150667A (en) * 1915-02-13 1915-08-17 Henry H C Dunwoody Shell or projectile.
GB147104A (en) * 1918-10-24 1921-06-09 Constantin Chilowsky Improvements in or relating to projectiles
US1531624A (en) * 1924-08-21 1925-03-31 William K Richardson Projectile
GB260470A (en) * 1926-02-12 1926-11-04 Ltd Co Formerly Skoda Works Improvements in and relating to fuses for projectiles
FR614192A (fr) * 1926-04-08 1926-12-08 Mode de régulation automatique de combustion dans les charges de lancement
US1900790A (en) * 1930-07-25 1933-03-07 Brandt Edgar William Grenade
US2090457A (en) * 1934-09-05 1937-08-17 Vickers Armstrongs Ltd Fuse for projectiles
US2070946A (en) * 1935-10-07 1937-02-16 American Armament Corp Projectile
US2426997A (en) * 1941-03-10 1947-09-09 John C Gray Projectile
US2412967A (en) * 1941-04-23 1946-12-24 Joseph H Church Petard missile
US2396978A (en) * 1941-04-28 1946-03-19 Franklin R Amthor Shell
US2419414A (en) * 1941-10-03 1947-04-22 Sageb Sa Projectile
US2441388A (en) * 1942-08-19 1948-05-11 George W Blackinton Projectile
US2413680A (en) * 1942-11-21 1947-01-07 Budd Co Ogive mounting means for projectiles
US2413004A (en) * 1943-03-01 1946-12-24 Short Frank Grenade

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3137233A (en) * 1962-02-23 1964-06-16 Henry S Lipinski Explosive confinement ring
US3302567A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-02-07 Dresser Ind Shaped-charge booster
US4494459A (en) * 1980-09-05 1985-01-22 General Electric Company Explosive projectile
US4470353A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-09-11 Honeywell Inc. Stem booster
EP0274815A2 (de) * 1986-09-02 1988-07-20 The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Geschoss
WO1988001724A3 (en) * 1986-09-02 1988-05-05 David Clive Davies Projectile
WO1988001724A2 (en) * 1986-09-02 1988-03-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni Projectile
EP0274815A3 (de) * 1986-09-02 1988-08-10 The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Geschoss
GB2213916A (en) * 1986-09-02 1989-08-23 Secr Defence Projectile
GB2213916B (en) * 1986-09-02 1990-04-18 Secr Defence Projectile
WO2012003924A1 (de) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Vollkaliber- übungspatrone
US20160169639A1 (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Composite Shaped Charges
US9612095B2 (en) * 2014-12-12 2017-04-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Composite shaped charges

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Publication number Publication date
CH261411A (fr) 1949-05-15
DE877571C (de) 1953-05-26

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