US20240123831A1 - Switching Device for a Multi-Pole High-Voltage Vehicle Power Supply of an Electrically Operable Motor Vehicle, Electronic Control Unit, and Motor Vehicle - Google Patents

Switching Device for a Multi-Pole High-Voltage Vehicle Power Supply of an Electrically Operable Motor Vehicle, Electronic Control Unit, and Motor Vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20240123831A1
US20240123831A1 US18/277,625 US202218277625A US2024123831A1 US 20240123831 A1 US20240123831 A1 US 20240123831A1 US 202218277625 A US202218277625 A US 202218277625A US 2024123831 A1 US2024123831 A1 US 2024123831A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
switching device
electromechanical switch
actuator
voltage
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US18/277,625
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English (en)
Inventor
Florian Pritscher
Christian Schardax
Bjoern Wahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Assigned to BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Pritscher, Florian, WAHL, BJOERN, SCHARDAX, CHRISTIAN
Publication of US20240123831A1 publication Critical patent/US20240123831A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/001—Functional circuits, e.g. logic, sequencing, interlocking circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for a multi-pole high-voltage vehicle power supply of an electrically operable motor vehicle.
  • the invention further relates to an electronic control unit, and to an electrically operable motor vehicle.
  • Vehicle power supply systems particularly high-voltage vehicle power supply systems for electrically operable motor vehicles.
  • Vehicle power supply systems of this type comprise electric switches (e.g., relays or contactors) for the electrical connection of power supply system components (e.g., electric drive motors or high-voltage battery modules, etc.) to power supply lines.
  • power supply system components e.g., electric drive motors or high-voltage battery modules, etc.
  • a fault current in the form of an overcurrent, flows via the associated power supply line, which can further damage the power supply line of the defective vehicle power supply system component, together with the vehicle power supply system component itself.
  • Switching devices can comprise, for example, relays, contactors or fuses.
  • the design rating of contactors or relays is customarily focused on the provision of a high breaking capacity.
  • An object of the present invention is the provision of a secure and cost-effective switching device for a high-voltage vehicle power supply system of a motor vehicle, which simultaneously fulfils a number of stipulated requirements.
  • the “first switch” and the “second switch” are switches of two different types.
  • the “first switch” is thus a first of two types of switches.
  • the first and second switches are respectively provided with an actuator which is actuatable by means of a low-voltage supply, in order to connect or interrupt all (e.g., both) power supply lines of the high-voltage vehicle power supply system.
  • the second switch is configured such that it exclusively fulfils at least one third requirement (e.g., a bounce-free switch-in capability up to a stipulated voltage differential threshold).
  • the first switch is further configured such that, in the event of a failure of the low-voltage supply to the actuator, it opens automatically.
  • the second switch is further configured such that, in the event of a failure of the low voltage supply to the actuator, it remains closed.
  • both switches (or types of switches), on the one hand, fulfil respectively different requirements and, on the other, fulfil common requirements.
  • the invention is based upon the following considerations:
  • switches switching devices
  • switching devices each of which fulfils all requirements for switches in a high-voltage vehicle power supply system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary application of an overall switching device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows examples of advantageous configurations of a first and second switch of the switching device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents a switching device 10 for a two-pole high-voltage vehicle power supply system of an electrically operable motor vehicle.
  • the high-voltage vehicle power supply system comprises two high-voltage stores HVS 1 and HVS 2 , each having a nominal voltage of approximately 400 V.
  • the high-voltage vehicle power supply system further comprises a changeover matrix USM (in this case, having three further switches), by means of which the two high-voltage stores HVS 1 and HVS 2 are connectable either in series or in parallel. In particular, upon the connection of the vehicle to a DC charging terminal, charging at 800 V can thus be permitted.
  • USM changeover matrix
  • a first requirement is a capability for the common isolation of the positive and negative poles from the charging source (two-pole breaking capability).
  • a second requirement is a breaking capability up to the limiting operating current (or the order of magnitude of 1 kA).
  • a third requirement is a bounce-free switch-in capability.
  • a further requirement is the interruption of the high-voltage supply, in the event of a failure of the (low-voltage) supply to the actuators for the switch-on and switch-off of the high-voltage supply associated with a malfunction.
  • first electromechanical switches S 1 are assigned to the positive poles (+) of the high-voltage stores HVS 1 and HVS 2
  • second electromechanical switches S 2 are assigned to the negative poles ( ⁇ ) of the high-voltage stores HVS 1 and HVS 2
  • the switches S 1 and S 2 are differently configured and, to this end, are designed to fulfil a first specified and common requirement, particularly a two-pole breaking capability, wherein only one of the two types of switches (in this case, the switches S 1 which are assigned to the positive poles (+)) are configured for the exclusive fulfilment of a second specified requirement.
  • the second specified requirement is a breaking capability up to the limiting operating current. Accordingly, with respect to capacity, the second type of switches, i.e., the switches S 2 which are assigned to the negative poles, can be configured with a less robust, and consequently more cost-effective design rating than the first type of switches (S 1 switches).
  • the second type of switches (or the second switches S 2 which are assigned to the negative poles) are preferably configured such that they exclusively fulfil a specified third requirement, particularly a bounce-free switch-in capability.
  • the first type of switches can be configured with a simpler design.
  • Both types of switches S 1 and S 2 are respectively provided with an actuator A 1 and A 2 which is actuatable by means of a low-voltage supply (12 V), in order to connect or interrupt the supply lines of the high-voltage vehicle power supply system.
  • the first switch S 1 (or the first type of switch) is further configured such that, in the event of the failure of the low-voltage supply to the actuator A 1 , it opens automatically.
  • the first switch S 1 thus comprises, for example, a return spring F for the opening thereof in the event of a failure of the low-voltage supply to the actuator A 1 , wherein the actuator A 1 , in particular a solenoid, is de-energized and unpowered, and thus does not counteract the return spring F (c.f. FIG. 2 , left-hand side).
  • the second switch S 2 (or the second type of switch) is further configured such that, in the event of the failure of the low-voltage supply to the actuator A 2 , it remains closed.
  • the second switch S 2 thus comprises no return spring for the opening thereof in the event of a failure of the low-voltage supply to the actuator A 2 , wherein the actuator A 2 , particularly an electric motor having a self-locking spindle SP, being de-energized, remains in its current position (c.f. FIG. 2 , right-hand side).
  • a third switch S 3 in the form of a known pyro switch, can be provided for short-circuit protection.
  • the switches of the changeover matrix USM can optionally assume the same design as the second switches S 2 .
  • a configuration of a first switch S 1 is represented on the left-hand side, and a configuration of a second switch S 2 is represented on the right-hand side.
  • the invention is not limited to these configurations of both types of switches.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
US18/277,625 2021-05-11 2022-04-13 Switching Device for a Multi-Pole High-Voltage Vehicle Power Supply of an Electrically Operable Motor Vehicle, Electronic Control Unit, and Motor Vehicle Pending US20240123831A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021112268.6A DE102021112268A1 (de) 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 Schalteinrichtung für ein mehrpoliges Hochvolt-Bordnetz eines elektrisch antreibbaren Kraftfahrzeugs, elektronische Steuereinheit sowie Kraftfahrzeug
DE102021112268.6 2021-05-11
PCT/EP2022/059822 WO2022238077A1 (fr) 2021-05-11 2022-04-13 Dispositif de commutation pour alimentation électrique de véhicule à haute tension multipolaire de véhicule à moteur électrique, unité de commande électronique, et véhicule à moteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20240123831A1 true US20240123831A1 (en) 2024-04-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US18/277,625 Pending US20240123831A1 (en) 2021-05-11 2022-04-13 Switching Device for a Multi-Pole High-Voltage Vehicle Power Supply of an Electrically Operable Motor Vehicle, Electronic Control Unit, and Motor Vehicle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20240123831A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN116745162A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021112268A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022238077A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6753493B2 (en) * 2001-06-01 2004-06-22 Hubbell Incorporated Electrical circuit interrupting device
DE102013017409A1 (de) * 2013-10-19 2014-07-24 Daimler Ag Batteriesystem mit einer Hochvolt-Batterie und einem Batterie-Management-System, insbesondere für ein elektromotorisch antreibbares Fahrzeug
DE102014208696A1 (de) * 2014-05-09 2015-11-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Schutz von Ladevorgängen von Fahrzeugen
DE102014007459A1 (de) 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Leistungsrelais für ein Fahrzeug
DE102016008052A1 (de) 2016-07-01 2017-02-16 Daimler Ag Energiespeichereinrichtung für einen Kraftwagen
DE102017122008B4 (de) 2017-09-22 2020-11-05 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Elektrischer schalter
DE102017219169A1 (de) 2017-10-25 2019-04-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektromechanischer Schalter
US10770908B2 (en) 2017-10-29 2020-09-08 Rivian Ip Holdings, Llc Configurable battery pack for series and parallel charging using switching
US11063425B2 (en) * 2018-03-07 2021-07-13 Southern States, Llc Autonomous electric power fault detection, isolation and restoration systems
EP3716304A1 (fr) * 2019-03-29 2020-09-30 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique
DE102020118308A1 (de) 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Schalteinrichtung mit Betätigungseinheit, Bordnetz sowie Kraftfahrzeug
DE102020124784A1 (de) 2020-09-23 2022-03-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektromechanischer Schalter sowie eine Trenneinrichtung und ein Kraftfahrzeug mit solch einem Schalter

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Publication number Publication date
WO2022238077A1 (fr) 2022-11-17
DE102021112268A1 (de) 2022-11-17
CN116745162A (zh) 2023-09-12

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