EP3716304A1 - Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique - Google Patents

Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3716304A1
EP3716304A1 EP19166078.6A EP19166078A EP3716304A1 EP 3716304 A1 EP3716304 A1 EP 3716304A1 EP 19166078 A EP19166078 A EP 19166078A EP 3716304 A1 EP3716304 A1 EP 3716304A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arc
switch
switching
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19166078.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fabian Oehler
Michael Wortberg
Robert Saller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Original Assignee
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH filed Critical Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
Priority to EP19166078.6A priority Critical patent/EP3716304A1/fr
Publication of EP3716304A1 publication Critical patent/EP3716304A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/38—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H01H9/465—Shunt circuit closed by transferring the arc onto an auxiliary electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/164—Impedances connected with contacts the impedance being inserted in the circuit by blowing the arc onto an auxiliary electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical switch for interrupting an electrical high-voltage connection, a motor vehicle with a corresponding switch and a method for interrupting an electrical high-voltage connection.
  • the present invention is described below mainly in connection with switching elements for vehicle electrical systems. However, the invention can be used in any application in which electrical loads are switched.
  • a switching arc When breaking current-carrying contacts of a switch, a switching arc can occur.
  • the switching arc can cause damage to the contacts, especially in the event of an overload, since the switching arc can lead to high energy input.
  • a fuse can be connected in series with the switch. The fuse interrupts a current flow in the switching arc if an energy that has been aggregated in the fuse due to ohmic losses and the associated heating of a trigger area of the fuse is greater than a limit value characteristic of the fuse.
  • a method for interrupting an electrical high-voltage connection in particular in a voltage supply system of a vehicle, is presented, the method having a step of interrupting, a step of generating and a step of deleting, wherein in the step of interrupting a contact point of one in the High-voltage connection arranged electrical switch is disconnected in response to a disconnection signal, in the step of generating a replacement arc leading to a currentless overcurrent disconnection device of the switch when the contact point is closed to a switching arc occurring in the disconnected contact point is generated using an arc switch, and in the step of extinguishing the replacement arc by a response of the overcurrent isolating device is canceled.
  • a vehicle with at least one switch according to the approach presented here is presented, the switch being arranged in an electrical high-voltage connection of a voltage supply system of the vehicle, wherein a contact point of the switch can be disconnected using an actuator in response to a disconnection signal.
  • a high-voltage connection can be an electrical line of a hybrid or electric vehicle, which is designed to safely conduct high-voltage motor vehicle.
  • a motor vehicle high-voltage voltage can in particular be understood to mean an electrical voltage between 300 volts and 1000 volts.
  • the high-voltage connection has a line cross-section required to transmit electrical drive power from the vehicle.
  • the high-voltage connection can be implemented as a cable or busbar.
  • Current-carrying components of the switch, such as interfaces and contacts, have at least one line cross-section adapted to the line cross-section of the high-voltage connection and corresponding contact surfaces.
  • the interfaces of the switch can be referred to as connection terminals and have devices for reliable electrical contacting of the partial areas of the high-voltage connection.
  • the contacts of the switch can be pressed together directly when the contact point is closed or connected via interposed conductive elements. With a separate contact point, the contacts or the interposed elements can be pushed apart or pulled apart. In the case of a separate contact point, the contacts can be spaced apart from one another at a distance that is adapted to the high-voltage voltage.
  • An overcurrent isolating device can be designed so that it can absorb the necessary isolating power for a short circuit in the high-voltage vehicle electrical system. This can for example 1.5 MW in the 450V on-board network and up to 5 MW in the 900V on-board network.
  • the overcurrent disconnection device is de-energized in normal operation and is only energized in the event of an overload. If the overcurrent disconnection device is designed as a sand-filled fuse, it can, in the approach presented here, be dimensioned significantly smaller than a conventional fuse connected in series with the contact point. Due to the small dimensioning of the fuse wire, the overcurrent isolating device can have a very short response time.
  • Gas is ionized in an arc and charge carriers move from one side of the arc to the other side of the arc driven by an electrical potential difference.
  • the gas can be ionized, for example, by an electric field, that is to say an electric voltage potential between two electrodes.
  • the electrodes can then also be the starting point and end point of the arc.
  • the starting point and end point are defined by a direction of an electrical current flow for equalizing the electrical potential.
  • the arc follows a path of least resistance.
  • a quantity of the charge carriers in the arc is determined by the electrical current flow through the arc. The greater the current flow, the greater the heat emission from the arc.
  • the gas can also be further ionized by the heat emission.
  • An ionized channel can form between the electrodes.
  • An arc switch can provide a new path with a competing lower resistance than an original resistance of an original path of a switching arc that occurs when the contacts are separated in the contact point.
  • the arc does not simply jump over, i.e. the primary arc, known as the switching arc, does not break immediately. Rather, the switching arc and a substitute arc, which can have a common base point, initially burn at the same time. This can be arranged on the path between the two contacts of the actual contact point either on one of the two contacts or between the contacts.
  • the common base point can shift again and again during the separation with the aim of the lowest total resistance.
  • the substitute arc draws energy from the switching arc due to its lower resistance until the switching arc extinguishes. The substitute arc is extinguished when the overcurrent isolating device responds.
  • the arc switch can comprise the first contact, a movable switching bridge that connects the first contact to the second contact in an electrically conductive manner when the contact point is closed, and an electrode of the overcurrent isolating device.
  • the switching bridge can be spaced apart from the electrode when the contact point is closed.
  • the switching bridge can be designed to be lifted from the first contact in the direction of the electrode in order to generate the substitute arc.
  • the switching bridge can be a movable part of the second contact. Alternatively, the switching bridge can also be lifted off the second contact when the contact point is interrupted. If the switch is only intended to interrupt the high-voltage connection, in particular once, the switching bridge can make direct contact with the electrode when the contact point is interrupted.
  • the substitute arc can then ignite shortly before contact.
  • a separate switching point in series with the contact point can then be provided for switching the high-voltage connection during operation.
  • the switching bridge can be spaced from the electrode by an air gap.
  • a minimum energy consumption in the arc switch that is required to generate the substitute arc can depend on the clearance.
  • the switch can also be used to switch the high-voltage connection during operation.
  • the switch can be designed for a corresponding number of switching cycles.
  • the air gap can be referred to as an air gap.
  • the air gap can be dimensioned in such a way that a flashover of the substitute arc to the overcurrent disconnection device only occurs above a defined energy input or a defined charge carrier density or a defined current, but not below this threshold, so that the overcurrent disconnection device then remains inactive.
  • the arc switch is energy-dependent, since otherwise the overcurrent isolating device would be triggered immediately with every switching process.
  • the air gap can be so large that the substitute arc only jumps at an instantaneous power greater than 10 kW, in particular greater than 25 kW, in particular greater than 50 kW.
  • an arc gap between the first contact and the switching bridge can be greater than the air gap.
  • An arc path can be the shortest geometric path for the switching arc between the starting point of the switching arc and the end point of the switching arc.
  • the arc path can be influenced by an obstacle between the start and end point, since the switching arc then follows an extended arc path around the obstacle.
  • the arc path can also be influenced by a non-contact force on the switching arc, such as an air movement and / or a magnetic field. If the arc path is longer than the air path, the substitute arc can ignite.
  • the electrode can be encapsulated with a thermoplastic insulator.
  • a minimum energy consumption in the arc switch that is required to ignite a substitute arc can be dependent on the thickness of the insulator.
  • the minimum energy consumption can be dependent on a specific resistance of a thermoplastic material of the insulator. If the minimum energy consumption in the switching arc is exceeded, the insulator can melt and the electrode can be exposed. Then the switching bridge can touch the electrode and a direct electrical contact can be established between the switching bridge and the electrode. Alternatively, the remaining air gap between the switching bridge and the electrode cannot be such that the substitute arc has a low energy consumption.
  • a further overcurrent isolating device can be connected to the second interface in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the arc switch can comprise the first contact, the second contact, a movable switching bridge which connects the first contact to the second contact in an electrically conductive manner when the contact point is closed, an electrode of the overcurrent isolating device and a further electrode of the further overcurrent isolating device.
  • the switching bridge When the contact point is closed, the switching bridge can be spaced apart from the electrode and the further electrode.
  • a combined arc gap between the switching bridge and the first contact and between the switching bridge and the second contact can be greater than both a first air gap between the first contact and the further electrode and a second air gap between the second contact and the electrode .
  • Individual arcing paths between the contacts and the switching bridge can add up to the combined arcing path. As soon as one of the air gaps is smaller than the combined arc gap, this air gap can be attractive enough that the substitute arc ignites.
  • the arc switch can have a movable separating element that can be arranged between the first contact and the second contact.
  • the separating element can enlarge an arc gap between the first contact and the second contact, cover the first contact and alternatively or additionally cover the second contact, when it is located in the contact point.
  • a separating element can be made of an electrically insulating material such as ceramic.
  • the separating element can push the contacts apart.
  • the separating element can be wedge-shaped.
  • the separating element can be driven by a drive device.
  • the separating element can geometrically enlarge the arc path, since it represents an obstacle for the switching arc.
  • the separating element As a result of the separating element, the relative distance to the electrode of the overcurrent disconnection device can be reduced, whereby the substitute arc to the overcurrent disconnection device ignites.
  • the separating element can make an original current path very unattractive for the arc.
  • the separating element can be moved in front of the first contact and cover it. Covering can prevent the switching arc from being re-ignited after the overcurrent disconnection device has been triggered.
  • the arc switch can have at least one blow magnet to lengthen the switching arc.
  • a field direction of the blow magnet can be aligned transversely to a course of the switching arc.
  • a blow magnet can provide a magnetic field. Due to the Lorentz force, the magnetic field can exert a lateral force on moving charge carriers. Since the switching arc consists of moving charge carriers, the switching arc can be deflected laterally using at least one blow magnet. A direction of the deflection depends on a direction of movement of the charge carriers and on a field direction of the magnetic field.
  • the blow magnet can be aligned in such a way that the switching arc is deflected in the direction of the electrode of the overcurrent isolating device.
  • the blow magnet can be an electromagnet that is connected between the second interface and the switching bridge. If the contact point is separated, the switching bridge can be spaced apart from the first contact and the second contact. When the contact point is interrupted, the electromagnet can be energized by an electrical current flow resulting from a voltage drop at a further switching arc between the switching bridge and the second contact, in order to generate a magnetic field depending on the current direction to lengthen the switching arc, always in the direction of the overcurrent disconnection device.
  • a permanent magnet as a blow magnet, a direction of the lateral deflection changes depending on a direction of the current flow or a current direction.
  • a field direction can be set depending on the current direction.
  • the field direction can be adjusted using a current-carrying coil.
  • the coil is part of the electromagnet. A current direction in the coil depends on the current direction through the switch.
  • the electromagnet only requires an overcurrent disconnection device.
  • the overcurrent isolating device can be designed as a fuse with a sand filling.
  • the overcurrent isolating device can be an active fuse, such as a pyrofuse.
  • the fuse is destroyed when responding.
  • a fusible link melts and an arc is created instead of the fusible link.
  • the arc melts the sand filling at least partially through its energy conversion.
  • the melted sand then interrupts or suffocates the arc and thus the replacement arc. Since the overcurrent disconnector is de-energized during normal operation, the fuse can respond quickly when the substitute arc to the overcurrent disconnector ignites.
  • the switch can have a measuring device for detecting an electrical current flow between the interfaces.
  • the measuring device can be designed to provide a disconnection signal to interrupt the contact point when the current flow is greater than a threshold value. By measuring the current flow and interrupting it in response to the isolating signal, the switch can automatically interrupt the high-voltage connection before other live parts are damaged.
  • Fig. 1 shows an illustration of a vehicle 100 with a switch 102 according to an embodiment.
  • the vehicle has a traction battery 104 and at least one electric drive unit 106.
  • the traction battery 104 is connected to the drive unit 106 via a high-voltage connection 108.
  • One to operate the Control electronics required for drive unit 106 are not shown here for the sake of simplicity.
  • the switch 102 is arranged between the traction battery 104 and the drive unit 106 in the high-voltage connection 108.
  • Each pole of the traction battery 104 is connected to a corresponding connection of the drive unit 106 via a line of the high-voltage connection 108.
  • the switch 102 has separate contacts for each pole. The switch 102 is therefore multi-pole and designed to disconnect the traction battery 104 from the rest of the vehicle 100 at all poles.
  • the switch 102 has a contact point 110 between a sub-area of the high-voltage connection 108 connected to the traction battery 104 and a sub-area of the high-voltage connection 108 connected to the drive device 106.
  • the switch has an overcurrent disconnection device 112, which is connected to only one of the subregions of the high-voltage connection 108 during operation, and an arc switch 114.
  • the arc switch 114 is designed to generate a substitute arc leading to the overcurrent isolating device 112 in the event of an overload to a switching arc that occurs when the contact point 110 is interrupted.
  • Fig. 2 shows a representation of a switch 102 with a separating element 200 according to an embodiment.
  • the switch 102 essentially corresponds to the switch in FIG Fig. 1 .
  • the switch 102 shown here is single-pole.
  • the switch 102 has a first interface 202 to a first sub-area of the high-voltage connection and a second interface 204 to a second sub-area of the high-voltage connection.
  • the first interface 202 is electrically conductively connected to a first contact 206 of the contact point 110.
  • the second interface 204 is electrically conductively connected to a second contact 208 of the contact point 110.
  • a movable switching bridge 210 is arranged between the first contact 206 and the second contact 208 and is fixedly connected to the first contact 206 via an electrically conductive joint. In the closed state of the contact point 110, the switching bridge 210 is pressed against the second contact 208 so that these are conductively connected. The switching bridge 210 is pressed against the second contact 208, for example by a spring force.
  • a first connection of the overcurrent isolating device 112 is electrically conductively connected to the second interface 204 and the second contact 208.
  • a free second connection of the overcurrent isolating device 112 is connected to an electrode 212 of the arc switch 114.
  • the second contact 208, the separating element 200 and the switching bridge 210 are further components of the arc switch 114.
  • the switching bridge 210 and thus also the first contact 206 are at a distance from the electrode 212.
  • the separating element 200 is wedge-shaped here and is designed to be pushed between the second contact 208 and the switching bridge 210 in order to lift the switching bridge 210 off the second contact 208 or to push it away. When lifting or pushing away, the switching bridge 210 is moved in the direction of the electrode 212. The movable separating element 200 covers the second contact 208 when the contact point 110 is interrupted.
  • the switch 102 is designed as a single-use disconnector for an overload situation.
  • a further switch not shown here, is then connected in series with the switch 102 shown.
  • the switching bridge 210 is pressed against the electrode 212 by the separating element 200. In this way, direct contact between the switching bridge 210 and the electrode 212 is established.
  • the previously currentless overcurrent isolating device 112 responds immediately and safely interrupts the flow of current. Since the overcurrent isolating device 112 is de-energized in normal operating situations, it can be dimensioned correspondingly weak and respond even with a low current flow.
  • the switch 102 is designed to be used as an operating switch under normal operating conditions.
  • the switching bridge 210 and the electrode 212 are also spaced apart from one another by an air gap 214 when the contact point 110 is interrupted. The switching bridge 210 therefore never touches the electrode 212. Energy can only be transferred by a substitute arc ignited between the switching bridge 210 and the electrode 212.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show representations of an interruption process of a high-voltage connection using a switch 102 with a separating element 200 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the switch 102 essentially corresponds to the switch in FIG Fig. 2 .
  • the high-voltage connection is connected to the interfaces 202, 204 and there is an overload case in which it is necessary to safely interrupt the high-voltage connection in order, for example, to disconnect the drive unit from the traction battery in the event of damage.
  • the separating element 200 begins to lift the switching bridge 210 from the second contact 208.
  • a switching arc 300 ignites between the switching bridge 210 connected to the first contact 206 and the second contact 208.
  • the switching arc 300 generates a plasma of free charge carriers between the switching bridge 210 and the second contact 208.
  • the separating element 200 presses the switching bridge 210 in the direction of the free electrode 212 of the overcurrent isolating device 112.
  • the electrode 212 is at the same electrical potential as the second contact 208 because of the electrically conductive connection through the overcurrent isolating device 112.
  • An electric field is created between the switching bridge 210 and the electrode 212. A field strength of the electric field becomes greater the smaller the air gap 214 becomes.
  • the separating element 200 has extended an arc path 400 from the switching bridge 210 around the separating element 200 to the second contact 208 so that a substitute arc 402 via the air path 214 between the switching bridge 210 and the electrode 212 offers a path with lower electrical resistance than the Path via the primary arc path 400.
  • the area of the air path 214 is flooded with free charge carriers due to the plasma of the switching arc.
  • the replacement arc 402 thus ignites between the switching bridge 210 and the electrode 212.
  • the switching arc 300 extinguishes due to its higher electrical resistance and the electrical energy to be dissipated is diverted by the overcurrent isolating device 112.
  • the overcurrent isolating device 112 Since the electrical energy conducted through the overcurrent isolating device 112 is greater than a response threshold of the overcurrent isolating device 112, the overcurrent isolating device 112 responds and finally interrupts the electrical current flow through the high-voltage connection.
  • the replacement arc 402 goes out.
  • the separator 200 covers the second contact 208 and thus prevents a renewed ignition of the switching arc 300 between the switching bridge 210 and the second contact 208.
  • Fig. 5 shows a representation of a switch 102 with a second overcurrent isolating device 500 according to an embodiment.
  • the switch 102 essentially corresponds to the switch in FIG Fig. 2 .
  • the switching bridge 210 is mobile on both sides or can be lifted from the first contact 206 and the second contact 208.
  • a first end of the second overcurrent isolating device 500 is connected to the first interface 202.
  • a second end of the second overcurrent isolating device 500 is connected to a second electrode 502.
  • FIG. 6 the switching bridge 210 is lifted from the first contact 206 and the second contact 208 by an actuator (not shown).
  • a switching arc 300 each ignites at both contacts 206, 208. Since the switching arcs 300 are connected in series, their arc paths 400 add up to a total arc path. The charge carriers in the two switching arcs 300 move transversely to the magnetic fields of the blow magnets 506, 508. The resulting Lorentz force causes the Switching arcs 300 deflected laterally. The arc paths 400 are lengthened by the lateral deflection. The total arc path is extended accordingly.
  • the electromagnet 900 is connected between the first contact 206 and the switching bridge 210.
  • the electromagnet 900 generates a magnetic field whose field lines are aligned transversely to the direction of movement of the charge carriers of the arc when current flows through it.
  • a current direction in the electromagnet 900 is therefore dependent on the current direction through the switch 102.
  • a field direction of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 900 is also dependent on the current direction.
  • the field direction thus always matches the direction of the charge carriers in the switching arc 300.
  • the switching arc is therefore always deflected in the direction of the electrode 212.
  • FIG. 11 shows a representation of a switch 102 with an insulated electrode 212 according to an embodiment.
  • the switch 102 essentially corresponds to the switch in FIG Fig. 2 .
  • the electrode 212 of the overcurrent isolating device 112 is arranged here in a flight circle of the rotatably mounted switching bridge 210 and covered by an insulator 1000 made of a thermoplastic material.
  • the switching bridge 210 can strike the insulator 1000.
  • the insulator 1000 prevents direct electrically conductive contact between the switching bridge 210 during a normal switching process and the electrode 212.
  • a material thickness of the insulator 1000 then corresponds to the remaining air gap 214.
  • the separating element 200 When separating the contact point 110, the separating element 200 likewise extends the arc path, since the switching arc burns around the separating element 200. In order to interrupt the switching arc, the separating element 200 penetrates into a notch 1002 in a housing of the switch 102 after the contact point 110 has been separated. By penetrating into the notch 1002, the switching arc can be cut off in the figurative sense.
  • Previous contactors could not absorb the isolating power in the event of a short circuit in the vehicle electrical system and could e.g. explode in the event of a short-circuit current of greater than three kiloamps (kA) when opening is commanded. To prevent this, the contactors can be left closed and the series-connected fuse with its sand filling should carry the separating power, absorb the separating energy and thus interrupt the flow of current.
  • kA kiloamps
  • the conventional fuses connected in series have the conflict of objectives, on the one hand, to be able to carry the load current with the lowest possible losses and heating, which can be achieved through the largest possible cross-section of the constriction, and on the other hand, they should disconnect as quickly as possible in the event of a short circuit, which is achieved by the smallest possible cross-section the bottleneck can be reached so that the converted separation energy (power times time) does not become too large.
  • An active pyrofuse can be used as an overcurrent isolating device instead of a fuse.
  • sand-filled fuse elements are in principle positive for energy absorption in the event of a short-circuit current interruption.
  • the arc switch 114 enables a parallel-connected fuse or another fuse-like separating element, in particular with a sand filling, to be used to form an HV contactor.
  • the arc switch uses a secondary contact that conducts the current into this fuse element.
  • a switch 102 is shown with an additional secondary contact designated as electrode 212 and a fuse element designated as overcurrent isolating device 112 with sand filling.
  • the switch 102 shown includes a device, not shown, for measuring the current for an intelligent protection function. If a short-circuit current exceeds an upper current threshold, for example 1000 A, the opening of the contactor is initiated.
  • an upper current threshold for example 1000 A
  • the switch 102 is designed to process a trigger signal which is intended to lead to shutdown.
  • separating element 200 for example a wedge made of an insulator material
  • the contact lever and an arc is drawn up.
  • the arc After the right primary contact has been covered, the arc initially still burns in the narrow gap between the insulator and the primary contact and around the tip of the separating element 200. Since the volume in the gap is very limited and the separating element 200 additionally increases the arc length, the voltage drop in the arc increases rapidly. At the same time, charge carriers are accelerated to the secondary contact, which is also at the low potential. Depending on the charge carrier density and the distance between the secondary contact and the contact lever, a second arc ignites between the contact lever and the secondary contact. Due to the resistance ratios, the energies of the two arcs are divided.
  • a switch 102 with a bridge contact and an arc switch is shown. Two secondary contacts are provided here, since the switch 102 should be able to separate bidirectionally with the same separation capability.
  • Fig. 6 shows how two arcs are drawn when the contact bridge is opened.
  • the blowing magnets 506, 508 with different field directions, the arcs are blown lens-shaped to the left out of the contact area when the current in the arrangement flows from right to left (technical current direction).
  • Fig. 7 it is shown that with further opening and at high currents, the arc is blown against the left secondary contact.
  • the current commutes as in the Figures 3 and 4 described in detail for the secondary contact, as this eliminates the voltage drop across the second arc at the bridge primary contact on the right ("incentive" for commutation).
  • Fig. 10 the secondary electrode is surrounded by a thermoplastic that acts as an insulator 1000.
  • a thermoplastic that acts as an insulator 1000.
  • an electric field builds up between the moving primary contact and the secondary electrode.
  • the charge carriers of the arc which results from the penetration of the movable insulator between the primary contacts, are deflected in the direction of the insulated secondary electrode. This results in a longer arc length, which helps the movable insulator to pinch the arc.
  • insulator 1000 is shown on the secondary electrode.
  • This embodiment is advantageous in that after the thermoplastic has melted, there is a small distance between the movable primary contact and the secondary electrode, as a result of which the arc voltage and thus the power consumption in the arc remain low.
  • the insulation prevents the secondary arc from igniting too early with low switching loads.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP19166078.6A 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique Pending EP3716304A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19166078.6A EP3716304A1 (fr) 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19166078.6A EP3716304A1 (fr) 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3716304A1 true EP3716304A1 (fr) 2020-09-30

Family

ID=66001136

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19166078.6A Pending EP3716304A1 (fr) 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3716304A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022238077A1 (fr) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation pour alimentation électrique de véhicule à haute tension multipolaire de véhicule à moteur électrique, unité de commande électronique, et véhicule à moteur
FR3131976A1 (fr) * 2022-01-18 2023-07-21 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur avec guides d’arc et protection intégrée aux guides d’arc, système et aéronef correspondant

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004116A (en) * 1958-04-24 1961-10-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air-break disconnecting switch
DE4243314A1 (de) * 1992-12-21 1994-06-23 Abb Management Ag Strombegrenzender Schalter
EP3157033A1 (fr) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-19 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Chambre de coupure d'un appareil de protection électrique et appareil de protection électrique comportant une telle chambre
WO2017063683A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Abb Schweiz Ag Contacteur à courant alternatif
WO2019057870A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Commutateur électrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004116A (en) * 1958-04-24 1961-10-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air-break disconnecting switch
DE4243314A1 (de) * 1992-12-21 1994-06-23 Abb Management Ag Strombegrenzender Schalter
WO2017063683A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Abb Schweiz Ag Contacteur à courant alternatif
EP3157033A1 (fr) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-19 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Chambre de coupure d'un appareil de protection électrique et appareil de protection électrique comportant une telle chambre
WO2019057870A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Commutateur électrique

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022238077A1 (fr) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation pour alimentation électrique de véhicule à haute tension multipolaire de véhicule à moteur électrique, unité de commande électronique, et véhicule à moteur
FR3131976A1 (fr) * 2022-01-18 2023-07-21 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur avec guides d’arc et protection intégrée aux guides d’arc, système et aéronef correspondant
WO2023139325A1 (fr) * 2022-01-18 2023-07-27 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur avec guides d'arc et protection integree aux guides d'arc, systeme et aeronef correspondant

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3408127B1 (fr) Système de réseau de bord haute tension comprenant un dispositif de coupure pyrotechnique et procédé pour faire fonctionner ce système de réseau de bord haute tension
DE4235329C2 (de) Kurzschlußeinrichtung, insbesondere zum Löschen von Störlichtbögen in Niederspannungs-Schaltanlagen zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie, Anordnung und Verwendung hierfür
EP2502251B1 (fr) Unité de commutation destinée à commuter des tensions continues élevées
WO2015149994A1 (fr) Système de batterie comprenant une batterie permettant l'alimentation d'un réseau à haute tension et au moins une unité de commutation destinée à limiter un courant de fuite circulant sur toute l'étendue de la batterie et des raccords haute tension de la batterie et/ou à limiter une tension appliquée sur le réseau haute tension par la batterie par l'intermédiaire des raccords haute tension de la batterie, et procédé correspondant
EP3542386B1 (fr) Disjoncteur basse tension
DE102017125208B4 (de) Elektrisches Sicherungselement sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Sicherungselementes
DE102014001708A1 (de) Hochvoltbordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102015114894B4 (de) Zwei Verfahren zum gezielten Kurzschließen einer Sekundärbatterie sowie zwei elektrische Schaltkreise mit einer Sekundärbatterie und einer Überbrückungseinheit
EP3785285B1 (fr) Commutateur à haute tension, alimentation de bord à haute tension dans un véhicule automobile et procédé de fonctionnement d'un commutateur à haute tension
EP3429885A1 (fr) Dispositif de protection cc contre les surintensités de courant
EP1683173B1 (fr) Dispositif d'extinction d'arc
EP3716304A1 (fr) Interrupteur électrique permettant d'interrompre une connexion à haute voltage électrique et procédé d'interruption d'une connexion à haute voltage électrique
DE102012223168A1 (de) Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät
CH668664A5 (de) Gasisolierter lasttrenner.
EP3428942A1 (fr) Dispositif d'extinction d'arc de courant continu et appareil de commutation de courant continu électromécanique
EP2555217A1 (fr) Système de limitation de courant
DE102007033180B4 (de) Stromunterbrecher für Versorgungsleitungen in Kraftfahrzeugen
AT521150B1 (de) Pyrotechnischer Stromtrenner
DE2508299A1 (de) Elektrisches schaltgeraet
EP0453776B1 (fr) Mécanisme de couplage avec disjoncteur ou sectionneur de charge et fusible
WO2021023325A1 (fr) Commutateur électrique pour ouvrir un trajet de courant
EP2122647B1 (fr) Réseau électrique à courant continu pour navires et installations en mer présentant une sécurité de coupure accrue
DE2854623A1 (de) Anordnung zur selektiven abschaltung mehrerer verbraucher
DE102012005031A1 (de) Installationsschaltgerät
EP0104599B1 (fr) Sectionneur haute tension avec contacts préliminaires

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20210326

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20230519