US20170104517A1 - Beam selecting method, base station, and user equipment - Google Patents

Beam selecting method, base station, and user equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170104517A1
US20170104517A1 US15/126,162 US201415126162A US2017104517A1 US 20170104517 A1 US20170104517 A1 US 20170104517A1 US 201415126162 A US201415126162 A US 201415126162A US 2017104517 A1 US2017104517 A1 US 2017104517A1
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Prior art keywords
user equipment
base station
reference signals
feedback information
beams
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US15/126,162
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English (en)
Inventor
Yuichi Kakishima
Satoshi Nagata
Yoshihisa Kishiyama
Chongning Na
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NTT Docomo Inc
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NTT Docomo Inc
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Assigned to NTT DOCOMO, INC. reassignment NTT DOCOMO, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KAKISHIMA, YUICHI, KISHIYAMA, YOSHIHISA, NA, CHONGNING, NAGATA, SATOSHI
Publication of US20170104517A1 publication Critical patent/US20170104517A1/en
Priority to US15/821,283 priority Critical patent/US10389418B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0684—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different training sequences per antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile telecommunications, and more particularly, to a technique of beam selection for three-dimensional multiple input multiple output (3D-MIMO) mobile telecommunication systems.
  • 3D-MIMO three-dimensional multiple input multiple output
  • 3D-MIMO for achieving vertical beam forming, in addition to the horizontal beam forming, has been discussed. See, for example, Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 listed below.
  • 3D-MIMO scheme using eight or less transmission antenna ports is called “elevation beamforming” and 3D-MIMO with antenna ports greater than eight is called full-dimensional (FD) MIMO.
  • FD-MIMO is named a massive-MIMO and the antenna layout is not limited to two-dimensional or three-dimensional layout.
  • FD-MIMO is a technique capable of greatly improving the efficiency of frequency use by using a large number of antenna ports or antenna elements at a base station to form a sharp (directional) beam.
  • FIG. 1A through FIG. 1C illustrate beam patterns formed by one-dimensional array antennas with discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding applied.
  • FIG. 1A is a beam pattern (with 8 DFT beams) formed by four antennas
  • FIG. 1B is a beam pattern (with 16 DFT beams) formed by eight antennas
  • FIG. 1C is a beam pattern (with 32 DFT beams) formed by sixteen antennas.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • beam directions whose number is proportional to (e.g., twice) the number of antenna ports or elements are used.
  • the width of each beam becomes narrower.
  • the number of beams is likely to increase to several times or dozens of times.
  • CSI-RSs channel state information reference signals
  • a novel beam selecting method for a mobile communication system that includes a base station with multiple antennas and a user equipment conducting radio communication with the base station.
  • the beam selecting method includes the steps of
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a directional beam pattern in accordance with the number of antennas
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a directional beam pattern in accordance with the number of antennas
  • FIG. 1C illustrates a directional beam pattern in accordance with the number of antennas
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a basic concept of a mobile communication system of the embodiment
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a step-by-step approach for beam selection carried out in the embodiment
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a first example of beam selection
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a second example of beam selection
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a second example of beam selection
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a third example of beam selection
  • FIG. 6B illustrates an example of a feedback table used in beam selection of FIG. 6A ;
  • FIG. 6C illustrates another example of a feedback table used in beam selection
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a fourth example of beam selection
  • FIG. 7B illustrates an example of a feedback table used in beam selection
  • FIG. 8A illustrates a fifth example of beam selection
  • FIG. 8B illustrates a feedback table used in beam selection
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram to explain beam tracking
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a modification of beam selection
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a base station used in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of user equipment used in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a basic concept of a mobile communication system 1 according to the embodiment.
  • the base station 10 simultaneously transmits two or more precoded (namely, directional) reference signals from an antenna array 11 with multiple antenna elements.
  • the referenced signal is, for example, a precoded channel state information reference signal (precoded CSI-RS).
  • User equipments UE 20 - 1 and 20 - 1 select appropriate beams from among the precoded reference signals and feed the selection results back to the base station 10 .
  • Appropriate beams can be determined at each of the user equipments 20 - 1 and 20 - 2 based upon signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), etc.
  • SINR signal to interference-plus-noise ratio
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • step-by-step beam selection is proposed in the embodiment.
  • areas in or around which the respective user equipments 20 - 1 and 20 - 2 are located are specified.
  • precoded reference signals are transmitted over candidate beams toward the specified areas to allow each of the user equipments 20 - 1 and 20 - 2 (which may be referred to collectively as “user equipment 20 ”) to select an appropriate beam from the finite number of candidate beams.
  • the base station 10 may immediately select the beam based upon the feedback information, or determine a beam for the user equipment 20 after further narrowing down the beam direction.
  • the earlier step(s) such as retransmission of reference signals toward the detected area and/or detection of the UE location may be repeated.
  • beam tracking may be performed to let the beam direction, namely, data transmission direction follow the user equipment 20 .
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a step-by-step approach to reduce the quantity or traffic of the reference signals and feedback information.
  • the base station 10 detects an approximate location of the user equipment 20 , namely, an approximate direction of beam (S 1 ). This step is a “rough detection” step.
  • the base station 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a small base station or a remote base station
  • rough detection may be performed under the assist of a macro base station or based upon mutual relationship with neighboring base stations.
  • the base station 10 may perform rough detection by itself based upon synchronization signals, positioning reference signals (PRSs), global positioning system (GPS) information, etc.
  • PRSs positioning reference signals
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the rough detection step (S 1 ) may be repeated at prescribed time intervals or based upon information from the user equipment 20 .
  • the base station 10 narrows down the beam candidates (S 2 ).
  • precoded reference signals such as precoded CSI-RSs
  • S 21 the base station 10 selects the optimum beam based upon feedback information from the user equipment 20 (S 23 ). Transmission of reference signals (S 21 ) and/or beam selection (S 23 ) may be repeated at prescribed intervals or based upon the feedback information from the user equipment 20 .
  • rough detection (S 1 ) and/or beam candidates narrow down (S 2 ) may be recommenced after the step S 21 or S 23 .
  • beam tracking may be performed (S 3 ) to let the selected beam follow the user equipment 20 . If the beam deviates from or cannot follow the user equipment 20 during the beam tracking, rough detection (S 1 ) and/or beam candidates narrow down (S 2 ) may be recommenced.
  • steps S 1 to S 3 are performed on a step-by-step basis, one or two of the steps S 1 -S 3 may be selected to carry out less complicated beam selection. A part or all of the steps S 1 -S 3 may be combined with other beam selection techniques.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the first example of beam candidates narrow down.
  • the base station 10 transmits precoded reference signals for channel measurement (e.g., precoded CSI-RSs) by multiple streams using the same frequency and/or time resources, applying spatial multiplexing, thereby preventing overhead from increasing.
  • precoded reference signals for channel measurement e.g., precoded CSI-RSs
  • the base station 10 spatially multiplexes and transmits beams (i.e., signal streams) A 1 and A 2 at timing A, and spatially multiplexes and transmits beams (i.e., signal streams) B 1 and B 2 at timing B.
  • a set of beams is spatially multiplexed and transmitted in the same manner at subsequent timings.
  • the base station 10 may apply multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) by pairing UE 1 and UE 2 .
  • MU-MIMO multi-user MIMO
  • precoded CSI-RSs denoted by different alphabetical symbols are multiplexed along a time axis. Any type of precoded reference signals may be multiplexed in a frequency-division or code-division manner.
  • the number of signal streams simultaneously transmitted is not limited to two, but three or more signal streams may be spatially multiplexed.
  • received signal qualities can be measured taking inter-user interference into account.
  • MU-MIMO with reduced inter-UE interference can be applied.
  • the base station 10 When multi-stream transmission is employed in the scheme of FIG. 4 , the base station 10 provides signal sequences, multiplexed positions (on time and/or frequency axes), orthogonal codes, etc. to UEs as signaling information.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate examples of beam candidates narrow down.
  • beam candidates narrow down is performed on a step-by-step basis.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a first half step 2 -A of beam candidates narrow down.
  • the base station 10 transmits two or more precoded CSI-RSs from the antenna array 11 with relatively wide beams (Beam 1 , Beam 2 , Beam 3 and Beam 4 in the figure).
  • the reference signals being transmitted may be of other types, such as cell-specific reference signals (CRSs).
  • CRSs cell-specific reference signals
  • wide beams are used to reduce RS overhead, and simultaneously, the location of the user equipment 20 can be further narrowed.
  • the user equipment 20 selects the optimum beam (Beam 2 in this example) from the multiple wide beams and feeds the selection result back to the base station 10 .
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a second half step 2 -B of beam candidates narrow down.
  • the base station 10 determines two or more precoded CSI-RSs to be transmitted toward the direction of Beam 2 .
  • the set of precoded CSI-RSs determined in this step are named second precoded CSI-RSs for the sake of convenience.
  • the second precoded CSI-RSs may be transmitted by sharp and narrow beams, compared with the wide beam used in the first half step 2 -A.
  • the second precoded CSI-RSs are, for example, UE-specific reference signals.
  • UE-specific reference signals By transmitting the second-half reference signals over a UE-specific channel, especially on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), impact on legacy user equipment (UE) can be reduced.
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • the user equipment 20 selects the optimum beam (Beam 2 C in this example) from the second precoded CSI-RSs, and feeds the selection result back to the base station 10 .
  • Beam 2 C in this example the optimum beam
  • the number of the optimum beam(s) fed back to the base station 10 is not limited to a single beam, but plural beam indexes may be fed back to the base station based upon the measurement levels and/or the channel qualities of the received reference signals.
  • beam selection of the second half step 2 -B is carried out using the feedback information acquired in the first half step 2 -A.
  • feedback operations may be performed separately from each other between the first half step 2 A and the second half step 2 B.
  • one or more beams may be selected in the vertical or elevation direction in the first half step 2 -A, and then one or more beams may be selected in the horizontal or azimuth direction in the second half step 2 -B.
  • FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C illustrates the third example of beam candidates narrow down.
  • the second half step 2 -B may not be performed in some cases.
  • the moving speed of the user equipment 20 is fast, it is difficult to accurately narrow down the beams candidates in the second half step 2 -B because the location of the user equipment 20 is likely to change from that detected in the first half step 2 -A.
  • recommencing the first half step 2 A or the previous step S 1 is more efficient to narrow down the beam candidates.
  • the beam selection scheme 3 provides a feedback method that accepts switch back to the previous step (e.g., the first half step 2 -A).
  • FIG. 6A schematically illustrates beam patterns transmitted from the antenna array 11 of the base station 10
  • FIG. 6B illustrates an example of a feedback table 21 shared between the base station 10 and the user equipment 20
  • the feedback table 21 of FIG. 6B represents a situation in which the latest information acquired in the first half step 2 -A is “Beam 2 ”.
  • beam identification bits “100”, “101”, “110”, and “111” are set up in the table for sharp and narrow beams to 2 A to 2 D, while maintaining beam identification information items “000”, “001”, “010”, and “011” for wide beams (Beam 1 to Beam 4 ) used in the first half step.
  • the user equipment 20 can monitor 8 beams. Two types of beams, namely, wide beams used in the first half step 2 -A and sharp narrow beams used in the second half step 2 -B are included in a single feedback table 21 .
  • the base station 10 can switch between the beam types based mainly upon the activities of the user equipment 20 (under UE's initiative).
  • the user equipment 20 when the user equipment 20 selects Beam 2 C in the latter step after selection of Beam 2 , the user equipment 20 supplies bit information “110” to the base station 10 .
  • the base station 10 sets up a precoding vector to form Beam 2 C for the user equipment 20 .
  • the base station 10 applies precoding without using narrow beams. This arrangement is advantageous for the user equipment 20 moving at a high speed to narrow down beam patterns.
  • an offset may be added.
  • the user equipment 20 may add an offset value (e.g., 3 dB) to the received power level when measuring wide beams “000”, “001”, “010”, and “011”.
  • an offset value e.g. 3 dB
  • FIG. 6C illustrates an example of feedback table 22 shared between the base station and the user equipment 20 .
  • Feedback table 22 exhibits the state in which Beam 2 has been selected in the former step 2 -A.
  • Feedback table 22 has a value “000” in addition to Beams 2 A to 2 D (“100”, “101”, “110”, and “111”) that subdivides the direction of Beam 2 .
  • the value “000” may be used to report beam deviation.
  • the base station 10 may recommence the first half step 2 -A or return to rough detection in S 1 .
  • step-by-step operations for beam candidates narrow down can be performed based mainly upon the activities of the user equipment 20 (under UE's initiative).
  • FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B illustrate the fourth example of beam candidates narrow down.
  • reference signals are transmitted at different beam widths to allow the step-by-step basis beam switching.
  • the beam selection scheme 4 achieves the same advantageous effect as in the method of FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C without using wide beams.
  • the base station 10 and the user equipment 20 have a feedback table 23 which information is shared and commonly used between the base station 10 and the user equipment 20 .
  • the feedback table 23 represents the latest state immediately after the selection of Beam 2 in the first half step 2 -A.
  • the feedback table 23 has values “000” representing Beams 1 A to 1 D, “010” representing Beams 3 A to 3 D, and “011” representing Beams 4 A to 4 D, in addition to Beams 2 A to 2 D defined by subdividing the direction of Beam 2 .
  • Beams 2 A to 2 D are represented by values “100”, “101”, “110”, and “111”, respectively.
  • An area for “001” may be a reserved area.
  • the base station 10 goes back to the first half step 2 -A.
  • operations in the step-by-step basis beam candidates narrow down can be switched under the initiative of the user equipment 20 , using 3-bit information.
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B illustrate the fifth example of beam candidates narrow down.
  • the base station 10 may control the step-by-step basis operations.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates a feedback table 24 shared between the base station 10 and the user equipment 20 .
  • the feedback table 24 has two areas 24 A and 24 B: the area 24 A represents wide beams, Beam 1 to Beam 4 using two bits, and the area 24 B represent subdivided beams, Beam A to Beam D using two bits.
  • the base station 10 allows the user equipment 20 to feed back a wide beam index and a narrow beam index separately.
  • beam selection result can be fed back independently from each other.
  • efficient feedback operations can be achieved.
  • the indexes of narrow beams may be in accordance with the feedback information of a wide beam. For example, when Beam 2 is selected in the first half step 2 -A, the beam candidates narrow down in the second half step 2 -B may be carried out among subdivided beams 2 A to 2 D.
  • the beam selection scheme 5 may be applied to step-by-step basis beam candidates narrow down using only narrow beams as in the beam selection scheme 4 .
  • Beams 1 A to 1 D are included in a beam group and represented by 2-bit information.
  • step-by-step basis operations may be switched without feedback from the user equipment or configuration at the base station 10 .
  • the operation may go back to rough detection of step S 1 , or the first half step 2 A of beam candidates narrow down.
  • the process may return to the rough detection (S 1 ) or the first half step 2 A of beam candidates narrow down.
  • RACH random access channel
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram to explain beam tracking step (S 3 ).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates beam directions viewed from the antenna array 11 of the base station 10 .
  • the lateral direction of the figure is a horizontal or azimuth direction
  • the top-to-bottom direction of the figure is a vertical or elevation direction.
  • the base station 10 transmits tracking reference signals using beams # 1 to # 6 , in addition to a currently used beam # 0 selected by the beam candidates narrow down step (S 2 ).
  • Beams # 1 to # 6 are candidate beams to be used when the currently used beam # 0 cannot follow the user equipment 20 .
  • the current beam # 0 for data transmission and the candidate beams # 1 to # 6 form a beam stream 51 for beam tracking.
  • the user equipment 20 Upon receiving the beam stream 51 , the user equipment 20 measures the received strength or other parameters of each beam and reports one or more beam indexes with satisfactory qualities to the base station 10 .
  • the optimum beam index or the highest X beam indexes may be reported.
  • all the measurement results of beams # 0 to # 6 may be reported. In this case, the measurement results may be fed back ordered from the highest quality to the lowest or from the lowest quality to the highest.
  • the base station 10 Based upon the feedback information about beam tracking, the base station 10 selects and sets the optimum beam as the current beam # 0 for the user equipment 20 , thereby letting the data transmission direction follow the user equipment 20 .
  • the process may return to rough detection (S 1 ) or beam candidates narrow down (S 2 ) as has been described above.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a modification of the embodiment.
  • the number of streams is generally switched using a rank indicator (RI) representing the number of transmission streams.
  • RI rank indicator
  • the rank index can be grasped from the number of beams selected and accordingly, feedback of the rank indicator becomes unnecessary.
  • CSI channel state information
  • CQI channel state information
  • PMI precoding matrix indicator
  • Rank adaptation may be performed for each beam index. For example, an RI may be transmitted for each beam index.
  • an RI may be transmitted for each beam index.
  • the user equipment 20 receives a direct beam B 1 from the base station 10 and an indirect beam B 2 reflected from a building, an RI may be transmitted on the beam-by-beam basis. It is generally known that channel correlation is low between orthogonally polarized waves.
  • the number of streams may be set separately. With an orthogonally polarized antenna configuration, the number of streams may be fixed to two, and with a single polarization antenna configuration, the number of streams may be fixed to one. In this case, transmitting a rank index semi-statically for each beam index may be effective, rather dynamic RI transmission.
  • beam B 1 includes two orthogonal polarized streams
  • the user equipment 20 may transmit RI value “2” for beam B 2 and RI value “1” for beam B 1 .
  • the number of streams may be switched adaptively between one and two.
  • switching control can be performed by 1-bit information.
  • bit “0” may indicate a signal stream (the number of streams is one), and bit “1” may indicate two streams layered.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a base station 10 used in the embodiment.
  • the base station 10 has multiple antennas 110 - 1 to 110 -N, a transmitter 106 , a receiver 107 , and a duplexer 108 for switching between transmission and reception.
  • the base station 10 roughly detects a location of the user equipment 20 at a UE position detector 101 .
  • a precoding controller 102 of the base station 10 determines weighing factors (phase rotation and/or amplitude) of a precoding vector for each of multiple reference signals such that the reference signals are transmitted toward adjacent directions at or around the detected location of the user equipment 20 .
  • a reference signal generator 104 of the base station 10 multiplies the precoding vector determined by the precoding controller 102 with each of the reference signals to generate multiple reference signals with directivities. The multiplication of precoding vectors and associated reference signals may be performed before mapping to subcarriers.
  • the multiple reference signals transmitted toward the user equipment 20 may be multiplexed at a multiplexer 109 along a time axis or a frequency axis, or undergo code-division multiplexing.
  • the directional reference signals are transmitted toward the user equipment 20 from the antennas 110 - 1 to 110 -N via the transmitter 106 and the duplexer 108 .
  • a beam specified by a single beam index may be transmitted over two orthogonal polarized waves (streams).
  • a feedback information processor 103 acquires feedback information from the user equipment 20 via the antennas 110 - 1 to 110 -N, the duplexer 108 and the receiver 107 and processes the feedback information.
  • the feedback information processor 103 identifies the beam index contained in the feedback information, referring to a feedback table 105 .
  • the feedback table 105 may be any one of the tables illustrated in FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 .
  • the identified beam index is supplied to the precoding controller 102 , together with the associated information (such as CQI, PMI, RI, etc.).
  • the precoding controller 102 selects the optimum beam from the reported information and controls beam forming such that the data signal to the user equipment 20 is to be weighted by an appropriate precoding vector corresponding to the selected beam.
  • the precoding controller 102 may instruct the reference signal generator 104 to generate directional reference signals again, and/or instruct the UE position detector 101 to detect the location of the user equipment 20 again, when a specific value is contained in the feedback information.
  • the precoding controller 102 may determine precoding vectors to be multiplied with reference signals for multiple user equipments (UE 1 and UE 2 , for example).
  • the antennas 110 - 1 to 110 -N transmit a reference signal for the first user equipment and a reference signal for the second user equipment by spatial multiplexing. It is preferable for the reference signals addressed to the first user equipment and the second user equipment to be orthogonal to each other.
  • the precoding controller 102 may determine the first and the second user equipments as a user pair with less interference.
  • the precoding controller 102 may determine two or more precoding vectors further narrowing the direction of the user equipment 20 .
  • the precoding controller 102 may instruct the reference signal generator 104 to generate reference signals with narrower and sharper directivities than the previously transmitted reference signals.
  • the generated reference signals are transmitted from the antennas 110 - 1 to 110 -N via the transmitter 106 and the duplexer 108 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a user equipment 20 used in the embodiment.
  • the user equipment 20 has multiple antennas 210 - 1 to 210 -M, a transmitter 206 , a receiver 207 , and a duplexer 208 for switching transmission and reception.
  • the user equipment 20 Upon receiving reference signals from the base station, the user equipment 20 measures the quality of each of the reference signals at a channel quality measurement block 201 .
  • a reference signal processing controller 202 of the user equipment 20 selects one or more appropriate beam indexes among multiple reference signals, referring to a feedback table 205 .
  • a feedback information generator 203 of the user equipment 20 generates feedback information that contains the selected beam indexes.
  • the reference signal processing controller 202 may select a specific value, e.g., “000”, from the feedback table 205 when there is no reference signal received with a quality beyond a predetermined level.
  • the reference signal processing controller 202 may determines a rank index based upon the channel quality measurement result and include the rank index in the feedback information. In place of reporting the rank index, two or more satisfactory reference signals may be selected and the corresponding beam indexes may be fed back to the base station 10 .
  • the generated feedback information is transmitted from the antennas 210 - 1 to 210 -M via the transmitter 206 and the duplexer 208 .

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CN106105073B (zh) 2020-02-28
US20180097552A1 (en) 2018-04-05

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