US20160307669A1 - Electric cable - Google Patents
Electric cable Download PDFInfo
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- US20160307669A1 US20160307669A1 US15/133,296 US201615133296A US2016307669A1 US 20160307669 A1 US20160307669 A1 US 20160307669A1 US 201615133296 A US201615133296 A US 201615133296A US 2016307669 A1 US2016307669 A1 US 2016307669A1
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- insulating resin
- conductor
- electric cable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/446—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylacetals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/447—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from acrylic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/448—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from other vinyl compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
- H01B7/0275—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more extruded layers of insulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric cable used in wiring etc. of the inside of an electric device or a vehicle.
- Patent Reference I discloses a halogen-free insulated electric wire for a vehicle having abrasion resistance, flame resistance and flexibility using a polyolefin resin as a base resin.
- the flexibility of an electric cable depends on a bending rigidity of the electric cable.
- the bending rigidity of the electric cable is set by the sum of bending rigidities of a conductor portion and an insulator portion of the cable.
- the respective bending rigidities are expressed by the product of a Young's modulus E of a cable constituting member and a second moment of area (a moment of inertia) of the cable constituting member.
- the capacity of the insulator portion is larger than the capacity of the conductor portion and a bending strain of the outside insulator becomes larger than that of the conductor.
- the bending rigidity of the electric cable is larger influenced by the bending rigidity by the insulator portion than the bending rigidity by the conductor portion.
- Patent Reference 1 discloses a method of preparing a specimen by molding a covering material into a plate shape with predetermined dimensions, fixing the specimen to a fixed base such that the specimen projects from the fixed based by 60 mm, and applying a weight of 20 g onto the specimen at a position of 10 mm from the projecting tip thereof, thereby discriminating the cable having been bent by 15 mm or more as being the flexible cable.
- it may not be general. As there may be no unified standards for the flexibility of the electric cable, the definition of the flexibility is ambiguous.
- the invention is made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the invention is to express flexibility of an insulating resin portion of an electric cable by a secant modulus value and to provide an electric cable with an improved flexibility.
- the invention provides an electric cable, including: a conductor being made of wires a diameter of each of which is from 0.15 to 0.5 mm and having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm 2 or more; and an insulating resin including a flame retardant and covering an outer periphery of the conductor, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the electric cable to a diameter of the conductor is from 1.15 to 1.40, and wherein a secant modulus of the insulating resin is from 10 to 50 MPa.
- the invention also provides an electric cable, including: a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm 2 or more; and an insulating resin including a flame retardant and covering the conductor; a shielding conductor covering an outer periphery of the insulating resin; and an insulating resin covering n outer periphery of the shielding conductor, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the electric cable to a diameter of the conductor is from 1.40 to 1.77, and wherein a secant modulus of at least one of the insulating resin inside the shielding conductor and the insulating resin outside the shielding conductor is from 10 to 50 MPa.
- the insulating resin inside the shielding conductor and the insulating resin outside the shielding conductor may be made of a same resin.
- the insulating resin with the secant modulus of 10 to 50 MPa may be a copolymer A consisting of a comonomer having polarity and olefin, or a mixture of the copolymer A and a copolymer B consisting of ⁇ -olefin and olefin.
- it may be an olefin resin including a comonomer having polarity, and an amount of the comonomer is 23% or more by weight.
- the insulating resin may be cross-linked.
- the electric cable of the invention can ensure unprecedented flexibility, and facilitates wiring work (routing) inside small space, and can achieve a saving in space by, for example, decreasing a bending radius.
- FIG. 1A An example of an insulated electric wire in which a conductor is insulated using an insulator is illustrated according to the invention.
- FIG. 1B An example of a shield electric wire in which a shielding conductor is provided on an outer periphery of the insulated electric wire shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 2 A diagram showing a method for measuring flexibility of a cable.
- FIG. 1A shows an example of an insulated electric wire in which a conductor is insulated using an insulator.
- FIG. 1B shows an example of a shielded electric wire in which a shielding conductor is provided on an outer periphery of the insulated electric wire shown in FIG. 1A .
- numeral 10 a shows an insulated electric wire
- numeral 10 b shows a shielded electric wire
- numeral 11 shows a central conductor
- numerals 12 , 12 ′ show insulators
- numeral 13 shows a shielding conductor
- numeral 14 shows a sheath.
- the electric cable according to the invention is used in wiring of a power source system of a motor, an inverter, etc. inside a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
- the electric cable shown in FIG. 1A is the insulated electric wire 10 a .
- the central conductor (conductor) 11 has a cross-sectional area of 20 SQ (20 mm 2 ) or more, and the insulator 12 uses a polyolefin resin as a base resin.
- the electric cable shown in FIG. 1B is the shielded electric wire 10 b .
- the shielding conductor 13 is provided on an outer periphery of the insulator 12 ′, which is of the insulated electric wire 10 a of FIG. 1A , and the sheath (outer sheath) 14 covers the shielding conductor 13 .
- the shielding conductor 13 is formed by braiding or lateral wrapping.
- the conductor 11 may be a single wire or a twisted wire formed by stranding plural strands, and may be made of general conductive material, such as copper, annealed copper, silver, nickel-plated annealed copper, tin-plated annealed copper.
- a diameter of each strand may be about 0.18 to 0.5 mm.
- the electric cable according to the invention is directed to a cable in which a ratio (D 2 /D 1 ) of an insulator outside diameter D 2 to a conductor outside diameter D 1 is in the range of 1.15 to 1.40 or a ratio (D 3 /D 1 ) of a sheath outside diameter D 3 to a conductor outside diameter D 1 is in the range of 1.40 to 1.77 where the outside diameter of the conductor 11 is D 1 , where the outside diameters of the insulators 12 , 12 ′ are 02, and where the outside diameter of the sheath 14 is D 3 .
- the polyolefin resin as the base resin of the insulator 12 , is for example, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE), and copolymers such as an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA), an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in which a monomer having other polarity other than a-olefin is introduced in order to provide the resin with flexibility.
- an additive agent such as a flame retardant, an antioxidant or a cross-linking agent is added to the base resin and the insulator 12 is extruded and molded on the outer periphery of the conductor 11 .
- the insulator 12 covers the outer periphery of the conductor 11 with a uniform thickness by extrusion molding etc. to realize electrical insulation.
- the insulator 12 as the insulating covering, is cross-linked by chemical cross-linking such as silane cross-linking, peroxide cross-linking or application of ionizing radiation (y rays, an electron beam, etc.) after covering the outer surface of the conductor in order to improve heat deformation resistance, so that electrical insulation property is not deteriorated due to deformation even when an external force is applied in a relatively high temperature environment.
- chemical cross-linking such as silane cross-linking, peroxide cross-linking or application of ionizing radiation (y rays, an electron beam, etc.) after covering the outer surface of the conductor in order to improve heat deformation resistance, so that electrical insulation property is not deteriorated due to deformation even when an external force is applied in a relatively high temperature environment.
- ionizing radiation y rays, an electron beam, etc.
- one of the insulator 12 ′ and the sheath 14 is a resin equal to the insulator 12 .
- Both of the insulator 12 ′ and the sheath 14 may be a resin equal to the insulator 12 .
- the insulator 12 ′ and the sheath 14 are extruded and molded like the insulator 12 . After extruded and molded, cross-linking treatment may be performed.
- the invention provides flexibility by setting a secant modulus of an insulator portion of at least one of the insulators 12 , 12 ′ and the sheath 14 from 10 MPa to 50 MPa. Accordingly, even for an electric cable with a large conductor size, the electric cable can have flexibility and routing workability.
- the reason why the secant modulus is herein set at 10 MPa or more is because when the secant modulus is less than this value, in the case of extruding and then taking up the electric cable, the electric cable is deformed and does not have a predetermined outside diameter and the outside diameter becomes unstable.
- EEA in the polyolefin resins used in the base resin is preferably used.
- ethyl acrylate (EA) included in this EEA decreases crystallinity to obtain great flexibility suitable for the present use and also, the thermal decomposition start temperature of the EEA is high (300° C.) and long-term aging heat resistance is high in the polyolefin resins and the EEA is preferable in long-term use as the electric cable which generates heat at the time of energization.
- a copolymer content is preferably set at 23% or more by weight, and when the copolymer content is less than this value (23% by weight), crystallinity is high and flexibility decreases.
- the insulator may be a copolymer consisting of a comonomer having polarity and olefin, or a mixture of this copolymer and a copolymer consisting of ⁇ -olefin and olefin.
- Table I illustrates a relation between a secant modulus and a resin material of the insulator 12 , 12 ′ or the sheath 14 used in the electric cable, and shows all example of electron beam cross-linking.
- EVA with a comonomer content of 33% by weight is used as a base resin, and 55 to 110 parts of an additive agent by weight is added to 100 parts of this EVA by weight.
- This additive agent includes, for example, 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight.
- Composition Example 5 a mixture of EP rubber and EVA with a comonomer content of 19% by weight is used as a base resin, and an additive agent including 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight is added to the base resin with 40 parts of the EVA by weight and 60 parts of the EP rubber by weight.
- an additive agent including 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight is added to the base resin with 40 parts of the EVA by weight and 60 parts of the EP rubber by weight.
- insulating materials with secant moduli of 5 to 81 MPa are obtained.
- the resin material becomes softer and the secant modulus becomes smaller.
- EVA with a comonomer content of 41% by weight is used as a base resin, and an additive agent including 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight is added to 100 parts of this EVA by weight, and the secant modulus becomes 5 MPa.
- the resin material of Composition Example 8 cannot manufacture an outside diameter of an insulating covering stably, Composition Example 8 is an improper example before evaluation is made using the resin material in the electric cable.
- the secant modulus should be 10 MPa or more so that the outside diameter does not become unstable at the time of extruding and forming a covering.
- the electric cable of the invention can be configured as a halogen-free cable or a non-halogen-free cable.
- a metal hydroxide a magnesium hydroxide etc.
- a nitrogen flame-retardant substance an antimony trioxide
- a phosphorus flame retardant red phosphorus, phosphoric ester
- a bromine flame retardant can be used for the non-halogen-free cable.
- Table 2 shows a comparative example and one example of the electric cable according to the invention, and shows flexibility (bending rigidity) of the electric cable (shielded electric wire) made of the resin material of Composition Example shown in Table 1 as the resin materials of the insulator 12 and the sheath 14 in the electric cable.
- the cross-sectional area of a conductor is 20 SQ (20 mm 2 ) or more, and a diameter of each wire constituing the conductor, a thickness of the insulator 12 and a thickness of the sheath 14 are respectively changed.
- the upper stage of a braid configuration shows the number of counts
- the lower stage shows the number of holdings.
- the conductors of Examples 1 to 6, Example 8 and Comparative Example have role-lay-stranded structures, and a value of the upper stage of Table is the number of member strands, and a numerical value of the lower stage of Table is the number of wires included in each member strand.
- Table 2 evaluates a bending rigidity of the electric cable which includes at least a conductor being made of wires a diameter of each of which is from 0.15 to 0.5 mm and having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm 2 or more, and an insulating resin including a flame retardant and covering an outer periphery of its conductor, and which is formed such that a ratio of an insulator outside diameter to a conductor diameter is from 1.15 to 1.40.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
- Example 4 Example 5 Size SQ 20 50 20 50 35 Conductor Configuration Number 19 19 19 37 12 Number 13 32 42 54 23 Strand Diameter mm 0.32 0.32 0.18 0.18 0.4 Outside Diameter mm 6.5 10.1 6.5 10.2 9 Insulation Thickness mm 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.8 Outside Diameter mm 9.1 13.3 8.7 13.4 10.6 Brad Configuration Number 24 24 24 24 24 24 Number 8 10 8 10 12 Strand Diameter mm 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 Sheath Thickness mm 1 1.5 1 1.5 0.8 Outside Diameter mm 11.5 17.2 11.5 17.2 12.7 Insulation Outside Diameter to Conductor Outside Diameter 1.4 1.32 1.34 1.31 1.18 Sheath Outside Diameter to Conductor Outside Diameter 1.77 1.7 1.77 1.69 1.41 Composition of Insulation and Sheath Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition Example 6
- Example 4 Example 2
- Flexibility of the cable is determined by, for example, a method as shown in FIG. 2 in conformity with IEC607944-2 Method 17 C.
- a cable 10 is placed between a fixed surface 20 and a plate 21 arranged in parallel with its fixed surface 20 and is bent 180°, and the end of the cable 10 is fixed to the fixed surface.
- the end of the cable 10 is fixed by a fixing member 11 formed on the fixed surface.
- a load cell is placed on the plate, and a weight at the time of being bent until a bending radius reaches 50 mm is measured to obtain a bending rigidity (N ⁇ mm 2 ).
- a test is performed at room temperature.
- the cable is flexible when each measured bending rigidity is less than or equal to a value of the bending rigidity every size (a cross-sectional area SQ of a conductor) shown in Table 3.
- a cross-sectional area SQ of a conductor a cross-sectional area SQ of a conductor
- the cable is flexible when the bending rigidity is less than or equal to 365 ⁇ 10 3 N ⁇ mm 2 for the cross-sectional area of 40 SQ (40 mm 2 ).
- the cable with a smaller cross-sectional area of the conductor is often bent and used with a smaller curvature, and requires greater flexibility.
- the shielded electric wire as shown in FIG. 1B will have flexibility sufficient to facilitate bending and stretching work.
- the values of Table 4 are for providing the insulated electric wire as shown in FIG. 1A with flexibility sufficient to facilitate bending and stretching work, and the bending rigidities of the insulated electric wires of the invention will be less than or equal to these values.
- Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example shown in Table 2 show the example in which the bending rigidities of various cables with sizes (cross-sectional areas) from 20 to 70 SQ are measured using insulating materials of Composition Examples 1 to 7 as composition of insulators and sheaths. In all Examples, the bending rigidities were less than or equal to the values shown in Table 3, and flexibility was good.
- the secant moduli of the insulating materials of Composition Examples 1 to 6 were I 0 to 50 MPa.
- the cable with good flexibility can be obtained when the insulating material with the secant modulus of 10 to 50 MPa is used in at least one of the inside and the outside of the shielding conductor.
- Cross-linking or a change in a comonomer content of the base resin can change the secant modulus of the insulating material, and when the insulating resin is an olefin resin including a comonomer having polarity, the resin with the secant modulus of 50 MPa can be obtained without mixing a rubber component into the base resin when an amount of the comonomer is 23% or more by weight.
- An electric cable of the invention can ensure unprecedented flexibility, and facilitates wiring work (routing) inside small space, and can achieve a saving in space by, for example, decreasing a bending radius.
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- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 14/373,905, filed on Jul. 23, 2014, which is a national stage entry of PCT/JP2013/083803 filed on Dec. 17, 2013, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2012-275522 filed on Dec. 18, 2012. The contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- The present invention relates to an electric cable used in wiring etc. of the inside of an electric device or a vehicle.
- An electric cable used in wiring etc. of the inside of an electric device or a vehicle requires ease of wiring work (routing) inside small space and a saving in space by decreasing a bending radius, and a cable with great flexibility is demanded. For example, Patent Reference I discloses a halogen-free insulated electric wire for a vehicle having abrasion resistance, flame resistance and flexibility using a polyolefin resin as a base resin.
- The flexibility of an electric cable depends on a bending rigidity of the electric cable. The bending rigidity of the electric cable is set by the sum of bending rigidities of a conductor portion and an insulator portion of the cable. The respective bending rigidities are expressed by the product of a Young's modulus E of a cable constituting member and a second moment of area (a moment of inertia) of the cable constituting member. In the electric cable of a power source system inside a vehicle, the capacity of the insulator portion is larger than the capacity of the conductor portion and a bending strain of the outside insulator becomes larger than that of the conductor. As a result, the bending rigidity of the electric cable is larger influenced by the bending rigidity by the insulator portion than the bending rigidity by the conductor portion.
- For example, Patent Reference 1 discloses a method of preparing a specimen by molding a covering material into a plate shape with predetermined dimensions, fixing the specimen to a fixed base such that the specimen projects from the fixed based by 60 mm, and applying a weight of 20 g onto the specimen at a position of 10 mm from the projecting tip thereof, thereby discriminating the cable having been bent by 15 mm or more as being the flexible cable. However, it may not be general. As there may be no unified standards for the flexibility of the electric cable, the definition of the flexibility is ambiguous.
- The invention is made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the invention is to express flexibility of an insulating resin portion of an electric cable by a secant modulus value and to provide an electric cable with an improved flexibility.
- The invention provides an electric cable, including: a conductor being made of wires a diameter of each of which is from 0.15 to 0.5 mm and having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2 or more; and an insulating resin including a flame retardant and covering an outer periphery of the conductor, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the electric cable to a diameter of the conductor is from 1.15 to 1.40, and wherein a secant modulus of the insulating resin is from 10 to 50 MPa.
- The invention also provides an electric cable, including: a conductor having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2 or more; and an insulating resin including a flame retardant and covering the conductor; a shielding conductor covering an outer periphery of the insulating resin; and an insulating resin covering n outer periphery of the shielding conductor, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the electric cable to a diameter of the conductor is from 1.40 to 1.77, and wherein a secant modulus of at least one of the insulating resin inside the shielding conductor and the insulating resin outside the shielding conductor is from 10 to 50 MPa.
- The insulating resin inside the shielding conductor and the insulating resin outside the shielding conductor may be made of a same resin. The insulating resin with the secant modulus of 10 to 50 MPa may be a copolymer A consisting of a comonomer having polarity and olefin, or a mixture of the copolymer A and a copolymer B consisting of α-olefin and olefin. Alternatively, it may be an olefin resin including a comonomer having polarity, and an amount of the comonomer is 23% or more by weight. And, the insulating resin may be cross-linked.
- The electric cable of the invention can ensure unprecedented flexibility, and facilitates wiring work (routing) inside small space, and can achieve a saving in space by, for example, decreasing a bending radius.
-
FIG. 1A An example of an insulated electric wire in which a conductor is insulated using an insulator is illustrated according to the invention. -
FIG. 1B An example of a shield electric wire in which a shielding conductor is provided on an outer periphery of the insulated electric wire shown inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 2 A diagram showing a method for measuring flexibility of a cable. - An electric cable according to the invention will hereinafter be schematically described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1A shows an example of an insulated electric wire in which a conductor is insulated using an insulator.FIG. 1B shows an example of a shielded electric wire in which a shielding conductor is provided on an outer periphery of the insulated electric wire shown inFIG. 1A . InFIGS. 1A and 1B ,numeral 10 a shows an insulated electric wire, andnumeral 10 b shows a shielded electric wire,numeral 11 shows a central conductor,numerals numeral 13 shows a shielding conductor, andnumeral 14 shows a sheath. - For example, the electric cable according to the invention is used in wiring of a power source system of a motor, an inverter, etc. inside a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
- The electric cable shown in
FIG. 1A is the insulatedelectric wire 10 a. In the insulatedelectric wire 10 a, the central conductor (conductor) 11 has a cross-sectional area of 20 SQ (20 mm2) or more, and theinsulator 12 uses a polyolefin resin as a base resin. - The electric cable shown in
FIG. 1B is the shieldedelectric wire 10 b. In the shieldedelectric wire 10 b, theshielding conductor 13 is provided on an outer periphery of theinsulator 12′, which is of the insulatedelectric wire 10 a ofFIG. 1A , and the sheath (outer sheath) 14 covers theshielding conductor 13. Theshielding conductor 13 is formed by braiding or lateral wrapping. - The
conductor 11 may be a single wire or a twisted wire formed by stranding plural strands, and may be made of general conductive material, such as copper, annealed copper, silver, nickel-plated annealed copper, tin-plated annealed copper. In the case of the twisted wire, a diameter of each strand may be about 0.18 to 0.5 mm. - The electric cable according to the invention is directed to a cable in which a ratio (D2/D 1) of an insulator outside diameter D2 to a conductor outside diameter D1 is in the range of 1.15 to 1.40 or a ratio (D3/D1) of a sheath outside diameter D3 to a conductor outside diameter D1 is in the range of 1.40 to 1.77 where the outside diameter of the
conductor 11 is D1, where the outside diameters of theinsulators sheath 14 is D3. - The polyolefin resin, as the base resin of the
insulator 12, is for example, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE), and copolymers such as an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA), an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in which a monomer having other polarity other than a-olefin is introduced in order to provide the resin with flexibility. As described below, an additive agent such as a flame retardant, an antioxidant or a cross-linking agent is added to the base resin and theinsulator 12 is extruded and molded on the outer periphery of theconductor 11. - The
insulator 12 covers the outer periphery of theconductor 11 with a uniform thickness by extrusion molding etc. to realize electrical insulation. Theinsulator 12, as the insulating covering, is cross-linked by chemical cross-linking such as silane cross-linking, peroxide cross-linking or application of ionizing radiation (y rays, an electron beam, etc.) after covering the outer surface of the conductor in order to improve heat deformation resistance, so that electrical insulation property is not deteriorated due to deformation even when an external force is applied in a relatively high temperature environment. It is unnecessary to cross-link the electric cable of the invention, but it is preferable to cross-link the electric cable since the cross-linking improves tensile strength and heat resistance. The cross-linking increases a secant modulus described below by several % to several tens %. - In the shielded
electric wire 10 b, one of theinsulator 12′ and thesheath 14 is a resin equal to theinsulator 12. Both of theinsulator 12′ and thesheath 14 may be a resin equal to theinsulator 12. Theinsulator 12′ and thesheath 14 are extruded and molded like theinsulator 12. After extruded and molded, cross-linking treatment may be performed. - In the relatively large-diameter electric cable described above, the invention provides flexibility by setting a secant modulus of an insulator portion of at least one of the
insulators sheath 14 from 10 MPa to 50 MPa. Accordingly, even for an electric cable with a large conductor size, the electric cable can have flexibility and routing workability. The reason why the secant modulus is herein set at 10 MPa or more is because when the secant modulus is less than this value, in the case of extruding and then taking up the electric cable, the electric cable is deformed and does not have a predetermined outside diameter and the outside diameter becomes unstable. - As the
insulators - Table I illustrates a relation between a secant modulus and a resin material of the
insulator sheath 14 used in the electric cable, and shows all example of electron beam cross-linking. For example, in Composition Example I, EVA with a comonomer content of 33% by weight is used as a base resin, and 55 to 110 parts of an additive agent by weight is added to 100 parts of this EVA by weight. This additive agent includes, for example, 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight. For example, in Composition Example 5, a mixture of EP rubber and EVA with a comonomer content of 19% by weight is used as a base resin, and an additive agent including 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight is added to the base resin with 40 parts of the EVA by weight and 60 parts of the EP rubber by weight. In Composition Examples 1 to 8, insulating materials with secant moduli of 5 to 81 MPa are obtained. - As shown in Table 1, generally, as the comonomer content increases, the resin material becomes softer and the secant modulus becomes smaller. For example, in Composition Example 8, EVA with a comonomer content of 41% by weight is used as a base resin, and an additive agent including 55 parts of a flame retardant by weight, 25 parts of an antioxidant by weight, 1.5 parts of a lubricant by weight and 3 parts of a cross-linking auxiliary agent by weight is added to 100 parts of this EVA by weight, and the secant modulus becomes 5 MPa. However, since the resin material of Composition Example 8 cannot manufacture an outside diameter of an insulating covering stably, Composition Example 8 is an improper example before evaluation is made using the resin material in the electric cable. As described above, it is necessary that the secant modulus should be 10 MPa or more so that the outside diameter does not become unstable at the time of extruding and forming a covering.
-
TABLE 1 Com- Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition position Composition Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 EVA (Comonomer Content of 33 wt 100 %) EMA (Comonomer Content of 25 wt 100 %) EEA (Comonomer Content of 23 wt 100 %) EVA (Comonomer Content of 25 wt 100 %) EVA (Comonomer Content of 19 wt 40 100 %) EEA (Comonomer Content of 15 wt 30 %) EVA (Comonomer Content of 41 wt 100 %) EP Rubber 60 70 Flame Retardant 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 Antioxidant 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Lubricant 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Cross-inking Auxiliary Agent 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Total 184.5 184.5 184.5 184.5 184.5 184.5 184.5 184.5 Secant Modulus (MPa) 15 40 50 48 13 10 81 5 - The electric cable of the invention can be configured as a halogen-free cable or a non-halogen-free cable. For the halogen-free cable, a metal hydroxide (a magnesium hydroxide etc.), a nitrogen flame-retardant substance, an antimony trioxide, a phosphorus flame retardant (red phosphorus, phosphoric ester), etc. can be used as a flame-retardant material, and for the non-halogen-free cable, a bromine flame retardant can be used.
- Table 2 shows a comparative example and one example of the electric cable according to the invention, and shows flexibility (bending rigidity) of the electric cable (shielded electric wire) made of the resin material of Composition Example shown in Table 1 as the resin materials of the
insulator 12 and thesheath 14 in the electric cable. The cross-sectional area of a conductor is 20 SQ (20 mm2) or more, and a diameter of each wire constituing the conductor, a thickness of theinsulator 12 and a thickness of thesheath 14 are respectively changed. - In Table 2, the upper stage of a braid configuration shows the number of counts, and the lower stage shows the number of holdings. The conductors of Examples 1 to 6, Example 8 and Comparative Example have role-lay-stranded structures, and a value of the upper stage of Table is the number of member strands, and a numerical value of the lower stage of Table is the number of wires included in each member strand.
- Table 2 evaluates a bending rigidity of the electric cable which includes at least a conductor being made of wires a diameter of each of which is from 0.15 to 0.5 mm and having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2 or more, and an insulating resin including a flame retardant and covering an outer periphery of its conductor, and which is formed such that a ratio of an insulator outside diameter to a conductor diameter is from 1.15 to 1.40.
-
TABLE 2 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Size SQ 20 50 20 50 35 Conductor Configuration Number 19 19 19 37 12 Number 13 32 42 54 23 Strand Diameter mm 0.32 0.32 0.18 0.18 0.4 Outside Diameter mm 6.5 10.1 6.5 10.2 9 Insulation Thickness mm 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.8 Outside Diameter mm 9.1 13.3 8.7 13.4 10.6 Brad Configuration Number 24 24 24 24 24 Number 8 10 8 10 12 Strand Diameter mm 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 Sheath Thickness mm 1 1.5 1 1.5 0.8 Outside Diameter mm 11.5 17.2 11.5 17.2 12.7 Insulation Outside Diameter to Conductor Outside Diameter 1.4 1.32 1.34 1.31 1.18 Sheath Outside Diameter to Conductor Outside Diameter 1.77 1.7 1.77 1.69 1.41 Composition of Insulation and Sheath Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition Example 6 Example 5 Example 4 Example 2 Example 3 Bending Rigidity 103 N · mm 70 286 116 550 253 Cross-Sectional Area of mm2 103.82 232.23 103.82 232.23 126.61 Electric Wire Bending Rigidity to Cross- 103 N 0.68 1.23 1.11 2.37 2 Sectional Area of Electric Wire Comparative Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example Size SQ 70 50 40 40 Conductor Configuration Number 19 1 19 19 Number 19 798 80 80 Strand Diameter mm 0.5 0.282 0.18 0.18 Outside Diameter mm 12.1 9.78 9 9 Insulation Thickness mm 0.9 1.01 1.4 1.4 Outside Diameter mm 13.9 11.8 11.8 11.8 Brad Configuration Number 24 24 24 24 Number 13 13 10 10 Strand Diameter mm 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.16 Sheath Thickness mm 1.1 0.76 1.5 1.5 Outside Diameter mm 17 13.97 15.6 15.6 Insulation Outside Diameter to Conductor Outside Diameter 1.15 1.21 1.31 1.31 Sheath Outside Diameter to Conductor Outside Diameter 1.4 1.43 1.73 1.73 Composition of Insulation and Sheath Composition Composition Composition Composition Example 1 Example 2 Example 2 Example 7 Bending Rigidity 103 N · mm 564 251 363 701 Cross-Sectional Area of mm2 226.87 153.2 191.04 191.04 Electric Wire Bending Rigidity to Cross- 103 N 2.49 1.64 1.9 3.67 Sectional Area of Electric Wire - Flexibility of the cable is determined by, for example, a method as shown in
FIG. 2 in conformity with IEC607944-2 Method 17C. Acable 10 is placed between afixed surface 20 and aplate 21 arranged in parallel with its fixedsurface 20 and is bent 180°, and the end of thecable 10 is fixed to the fixed surface. The end of thecable 10 is fixed by a fixingmember 11 formed on the fixed surface. A load cell is placed on the plate, and a weight at the time of being bent until a bending radius reaches 50 mm is measured to obtain a bending rigidity (N·mm2). A test is performed at room temperature. For cables of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example, it is evaluated that the cable is flexible when each measured bending rigidity is less than or equal to a value of the bending rigidity every size (a cross-sectional area SQ of a conductor) shown in Table 3. For example, it is evaluated that the cable is flexible when the bending rigidity is less than or equal to 365×103 N·mm2 for the cross-sectional area of 40 SQ (40 mm2). The cable with a smaller cross-sectional area of the conductor is often bent and used with a smaller curvature, and requires greater flexibility. With the experimental values of Table 3, the shielded electric wire as shown inFIG. 1B will have flexibility sufficient to facilitate bending and stretching work. The values of Table 4 are for providing the insulated electric wire as shown inFIG. 1A with flexibility sufficient to facilitate bending and stretching work, and the bending rigidities of the insulated electric wires of the invention will be less than or equal to these values. -
TABLE 3 Case of Shielded Electric Wire SQ (mm2) 20 30 40 50 70 Bending Rigidity (103N · mm2) 155 260 365 620 780 -
TABLE 4 Case of Insulated Electric Wire SQ (mm2) 20 30 40 50 70 Bending Rigidity (103N · mm2) 80 130 155 310 365 - Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example shown in Table 2 show the example in which the bending rigidities of various cables with sizes (cross-sectional areas) from 20 to 70 SQ are measured using insulating materials of Composition Examples 1 to 7 as composition of insulators and sheaths. In all Examples, the bending rigidities were less than or equal to the values shown in Table 3, and flexibility was good. The secant moduli of the insulating materials of Composition Examples 1 to 6 were I 0 to 50 MPa. However, in the case of Comparative Example in which the insulating material of the cable of Example 8 is changed from Composition Example 2 to Composition Example 7, the bending rigidity became high (701×103 N·mm2) and was more than the value (365×103 N·mm2) of 40 SQ shown in Table 3, and flexibility was bad.
- As described above, in the electric cable with the cross-sectional area of 20 SQ (20 mm2) or more, the cable with good flexibility can be obtained when the insulating material with the secant modulus of 10 to 50 MPa is used in at least one of the inside and the outside of the shielding conductor. Cross-linking or a change in a comonomer content of the base resin can change the secant modulus of the insulating material, and when the insulating resin is an olefin resin including a comonomer having polarity, the resin with the secant modulus of 50 MPa can be obtained without mixing a rubber component into the base resin when an amount of the comonomer is 23% or more by weight.
- Based on the result of Table 2, according to a ratio of an insulator outside diameter to a conductor outside diameter, as to the electric cable which includes the conductor being made of wires a diameter of each of which is from 0.15 to 0.5 mm and having a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2 or more and the insulating resin including the flame retardant and covering an outer periphery of the conductor and which is formed such that a ratio of a diameter of the electric cable to a diameter of the conductor from 1.15 to 1.40, it is considered that good flexibility can be obtained by setting the secant modulus of the insulating resin from 10 to 50 MPa.
- While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiment, it is apparent to the skilled person that various changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
- An electric cable of the invention can ensure unprecedented flexibility, and facilitates wiring work (routing) inside small space, and can achieve a saving in space by, for example, decreasing a bending radius.
-
-
- 10 a . . . INSULATED ELECTRIC WIRE
- 10 b . . . SHIELDED ELECTRIC WIRE
- 11 . . . CENTRAL CONDUCTOR (CONDUCTOR)
- 12, 12′ . . . INSULATOR
- 13 . . . SHIELDING CONDUCTOR
- 14 . . . SHEATH
- 20 . . . FIXED SURFACE
- 21 . . . PLATE
- 22 . . . LOAD CELL
Claims (9)
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US15/133,296 US9818505B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | Electric cable |
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JP2012-275533 | 2012-12-18 | ||
JP2012275533 | 2012-12-18 | ||
PCT/JP2013/083803 WO2014098100A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | Electrical cable |
US201414373905A | 2014-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | |
US15/133,296 US9818505B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | Electric cable |
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PCT/JP2013/083803 Continuation WO2014098100A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | Electrical cable |
US14/373,905 Continuation US9349505B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | Electric cable |
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US20160307669A1 true US20160307669A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
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JP (3) | JP5776755B2 (en) |
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Cited By (5)
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US20180067526A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-08 | Google Inc. | Thermally conductive cables |
US20220102022A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Yazaki Corporation | Shielded Wire and Wire Harness |
US11326044B2 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2022-05-10 | Yazaki Corporation | Resin composition, sheathed cable, and wire harness |
US11407887B2 (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2022-08-09 | Yazaki Corporation | Resin composition, sheath cable, and wire harness |
US11597825B2 (en) | 2020-05-01 | 2023-03-07 | Yazaki Corporation | Resin composition, sheath cable, and wire harness |
Families Citing this family (6)
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CN106409383A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2017-02-15 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Electrical cable |
CA2999845C (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2023-12-19 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Peelable cable jacket having designed microstructures and methods for making peelable cable jackets having designed microstructures |
EP3357073B1 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2020-12-23 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Peelable cable jacket having designed microstructures and methods for making peelable cable jackets having designed microstructures |
KR102646332B1 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2024-03-08 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | Strippable cable jacket with designed microstructure and method for manufacturing the strippable cable jacket with designed microstructure |
US10381897B2 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-08-13 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Bus bar with integrated voltage rise time filter |
JP7167801B2 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2022-11-09 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Wire Harness |
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US9349505B2 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2016-05-24 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Electric cable |
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US62003A (en) * | 1867-02-12 | op nblryakk | ||
JPH0959413A (en) * | 1995-08-21 | 1997-03-04 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Polyolefinic resin foam, wire insulated therewith and heat-shrinking tube made thereof |
JP3467921B2 (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 2003-11-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Polyolefin-based resin composition, insulated wire and heat-shrinkable tube using the same |
US6140589A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2000-10-31 | Nextrom, Ltd. | Multi-wire SZ and helical stranded conductor and method of forming same |
JP3824809B2 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2006-09-20 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Automotive power cable and terminal for the power cable |
JP2003297153A (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-17 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Insulated wire and its manufacturing method |
JP2004352889A (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Thermoplastic polyester resin and resin composition, insulated electric wire, cable and tube using them, and production method for insulated electric wire and cable |
CN100404603C (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2008-07-23 | 理研科技股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant weather-resistant excellent insulating resin composition and insulated wire |
JP5286707B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2013-09-11 | 日立電線株式会社 | Flexible non-halogen wire |
JP5015740B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2012-08-29 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Halogen-free resin composition, insulated wire and wire harness |
JP5056601B2 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2012-10-24 | 日立電線株式会社 | Non-halogen flame retardant thermoplastic elastomer resin composition, method for producing the same, and electric wire / cable using the same |
US20090301751A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Non-halogen flame retardant thermoplastic elastomer resin composition, method for fabricating same, and electric wire and cable using the same |
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JP5516456B2 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2014-06-11 | 日立金属株式会社 | Shielded electrically insulated cable |
DE112012001275T5 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2013-12-19 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Non-halogenated flame retardant resin composition and insulated electric wire and tube using them |
JP2012241041A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-12-10 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Non-halogen flame-retardant rubber composition and rubber-coated wire and cable |
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2013
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US9349505B2 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2016-05-24 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Electric cable |
Cited By (7)
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US20180067526A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-08 | Google Inc. | Thermally conductive cables |
US10275000B2 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2019-04-30 | Google Llc | Thermally conductive cables |
US11326044B2 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2022-05-10 | Yazaki Corporation | Resin composition, sheathed cable, and wire harness |
US11407887B2 (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2022-08-09 | Yazaki Corporation | Resin composition, sheath cable, and wire harness |
US11597825B2 (en) | 2020-05-01 | 2023-03-07 | Yazaki Corporation | Resin composition, sheath cable, and wire harness |
US20220102022A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Yazaki Corporation | Shielded Wire and Wire Harness |
US11984240B2 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2024-05-14 | Yazaki Corporation | Shielded wire and wire harness |
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US9818505B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
US9349505B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
JP5776755B2 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
WO2014098100A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
CN104040645A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
MY170833A (en) | 2019-09-05 |
JP2016173991A (en) | 2016-09-29 |
JP6090509B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
CN104040645B (en) | 2016-10-19 |
JP2014139932A (en) | 2014-07-31 |
CN106409383A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
JP2015201460A (en) | 2015-11-12 |
JP5930104B2 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
US20140367141A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
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