US20150211753A1 - Heat source system and control method therefor - Google Patents

Heat source system and control method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150211753A1
US20150211753A1 US14/429,271 US201314429271A US2015211753A1 US 20150211753 A1 US20150211753 A1 US 20150211753A1 US 201314429271 A US201314429271 A US 201314429271A US 2015211753 A1 US2015211753 A1 US 2015211753A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat source
temperature
cold
hot water
source machine
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US14/429,271
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English (en)
Inventor
Toshiaki Ouchi
Minoru Matsuo
Koki Tateishi
Satoshi Nikaido
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATSUO, MINORU, NIKAIDO, Satoshi, OUCHI, TOSHIAKI, TATEISHI, Koki
Publication of US20150211753A1 publication Critical patent/US20150211753A1/en
Assigned to MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES THERMAL SYSTEMS, LTD. reassignment MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES THERMAL SYSTEMS, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat source system and a control method thereof.
  • a heat source system in which plural heat source machines are connected in parallel (for example, see PTL 1).
  • the heat source machines are generally operated such that the temperature of cold/hot water (hereinafter, referred to as “supply water temperature”) sent out from the heat source machine side to a load side becomes equal to a target supply water temperature (for example, 7° C.) set by a load-side request.
  • supply water temperature the temperature of cold/hot water sent out from the heat source machine side to a load side becomes equal to a target supply water temperature (for example, 7° C.) set by a load-side request.
  • the supply water temperature temporarily has a value separated from the target supply water temperature and cold/hot water cannot be stably supplied to the load side.
  • PTL 1 discloses a method of suppressing a rise in supply water temperature by setting the set value of a cold/hot water outlet temperature of a refrigerator to be lower than a currently-set value and a method of causing the supply water temperature to approach a target temperature by setting the flow rate of refrigerator in operation to be greater than an anticipated flow rate at the time of adding or subtracting a refrigerator.
  • PTL 2 discloses that a supply water temperature is prevented from being separated from a target temperature by changing the set value of an outlet temperature of a heat source machine when the number of pumps operating is different from the number of refrigerators operating.
  • the present invention is made in consideration of the aforementioned circumstances and an object thereof is to provide a heat source system that can keep a supply water temperature in the vicinity of a target supply water temperature when changing the number of heat source machines operating and a control method thereof.
  • a heat source system that includes a plurality of heat source machines connected in parallel to a load and that controls operations of the heat source machines such that a supply water temperature of cold/hot water which is supplied to the load corresponds to a target supply water temperature which is determined by a load-side request
  • the heat source system including: temperature calculating means for anticipating a case in which a predetermined flow rate is set for the heat source machine to be added or subtracted when changing the number of heat source machines operating and calculating a cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine in operation as a compensation temperature such that the supply water temperature at that time corresponds to the target supply water temperature; and temperature setting means for changing a cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine in operation to the compensation temperature, wherein the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is started or stopped and the setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is set to the predetermined flow rate, after the supply water temperature is changed with the changing of the cold/hot water outlet
  • the change in the supply water temperature when a heat source machine is added or subtracted is predicted in advance, the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine of which the supply water temperature reaches the target supply water temperature is calculated as the compensation temperature, and the compensation temperature is set as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine in operation. Accordingly, for example, when a heat source machine is added, the capability shortfall in a period until the capability is exercised after the heat source machine to be additionally started is started can be supplemented with the heat source machines in operation. When a heat source machine is subtracted, the capability shortfall can be supplemented with the heat source machines operating even in a state in which the heat source machine to be stopped does not exercise its capability.
  • the “predetermined amount of time” is empirically set on the basis of the amount of time required until the supply water temperature or the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the heat source machines enter the allowable temperature range set to be close to the compensation temperature.
  • the temperature calculating means may calculate the compensation temperature, for example, using an operational expression including the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted, the flow rate of cold/hot water flowing in the heat source machine to be added or subtracted, and the flow rate of cold/hot water in the heat source machine which has already operated and which continuously operates after the addition or subtraction as parameters.
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of all the heat source machines in operation may be set to the target supply water temperature at the time of adding the heat source machine when the heat source machine to be added is started and it is determined that the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added is in an allowable temperature range set to be close to the target supply water temperature.
  • the expression, “when it is determined that the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source is in the allowable temperature range set to be close to the target supply water temperature”, means that, for example, when a predetermined amount of time elapses after the heat source machine is started as well as when the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine enters the allowable temperature range, the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine is considered to be in the allowable temperature range. In this case, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature may be changed.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of all the heat source machines in operation may be set to the target supply water temperature in subtracting the heat source machine when the heat source machine to be subtracted is started and a predetermined amount of time elapses after the heat source is subtracted or water supply means provided to correspond to the heat source machine to be subtracted is stopped.
  • the temperature calculating means may set the compensation temperature to a predetermined temperature upper limit set in advance on the basis of capability of the heat source machine when the compensation temperature is higher than the temperature upper limit.
  • the temperature calculating means may set the compensation temperature to a predetermined temperature lower limit set in advance on the basis of capability of the heat source machine when the compensation temperature is lower than the temperature lower limit.
  • the temperature calculating means may calculate the compensation temperature using the flow rate of the heat source in operation as a maximum flow rate, and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source in operation may be changed to the compensation temperature and the setting flow rate thereof is changed to the maximum flow rate.
  • this heat source system it is possible to broaden the control width of the supply water temperature by additionally performing the flow rate control in addition to the temperature control, and it is possible to cause the heat source machine in operation to further exercise its capability. Accordingly, it is possible to supplement the capability shortfall when the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is additionally started or stopped with the heat source machines in operation as much as possible and it is possible to further suppress the variation in the supply water temperature when changing the number of heat source machines operating.
  • the temperature recalculating means may calculate the compensation temperature using the flow rate of the heat source machine in operation as a maximum flow rate when the compensation temperature departs from a predetermined temperature upper-lower limit range set in advance on the basis of capability of the heat source machine, and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine in operation may be set to the recalculated compensation temperature and the setting flow rate is set to the maximum flow rate.
  • the flow rate can be adjusted only in a situation which cannot be coped with by only changing the temperature, and it is thus possible to skip unnecessary flow rate adjustment.
  • the heat source machine to be added may be immediately started when the operation state of the heat source machine reaches the capability upper limit.
  • the heat source system may further include temperature measuring means for measuring a return water temperature from the load, and the temperature calculating means may calculate the compensation temperature using the return water temperature measured by the temperature measuring means as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted.
  • the temperature calculating means may calculate a theoretical value of the return water temperature on the basis of a relationship among a heat source load, a heat quantity of cold/hot water sent out from the system to the external load, and a heat quantity of cold/hot water flowing into the system, and may calculate the compensation temperature using theoretical value of the return water temperature as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted.
  • the heat source system may further include temperature measuring means for measuring a return water temperature from the load, and the temperature calculating means may calculate a theoretical value of the return water temperature on the basis of a relationship among a heat source load, a heat quantity of cold/hot water sent out from the system to the external load, and a heat quantity of cold/hot water flowing into the system and may calculate the compensation temperature using the return water temperature, which is calculated using both the measured value of the return water temperature measured by the temperature measuring means and the theoretical value of the return water temperature as parameters, as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted.
  • the compensation temperature at the current time is calculated.
  • the compensation temperature in a future situation is calculated. For example, when a heat source machine is added or subtracted, the measured value is changed to correspond to theoretical value, the change in the compensation temperature becomes slower when the measured value is slowly changed, and the heat source machines can track the change in the compensation temperature.
  • the compensation temperature is calculated using the measured value of the return water temperature as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted and the return water temperature is rapidly changed, the compensation temperature is accordingly rapidly changed.
  • the temperature calculating means may calculate the compensation temperature using a correction value obtained by multiplying a predetermined coefficient equal to or greater than zero and equal to or less than 1 by a value, which is obtained by subtracting theoretical value of the return water temperature from the measured value of the return water temperature measured by the temperature measuring means.
  • a change rate may be set to be lower than a predetermined change rate set on the basis of tracking capability of the heat source machine in operation when increasing the cold/hot water flow rate of the heat source machine to be added.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine to be subtracted may be changed to a predetermined temperature set in advance at a predetermined change rate to lower the load of the heat source machine to be subtracted when subtracting the heat source machine, an operation stop instruction may be given to the heat source machine to be subtracted, and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source in operation may be changed to the target supply water temperature.
  • this heat source system by changing the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be subtracted to a predetermined temperature set in advance at a predetermined change rate, the load of the heat source machine to be subtracted is intentionally slowly lowered, then the corresponding heat source machine is stopped, and the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machines in operation is changed to the target supply water temperature. Accordingly, it is possible to absorb the change in the supply water temperature at the time of subtracting a heat source machine by causing the heat source machines in operation to exercise their capability and to keep the supply water temperature close to the target supply water temperature.
  • the change rate may be set to a change rate in a range in which an overshoot or an undershoot of the cold/hot water outlet temperature with respect to the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine in operation does not occur when changing the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine in operation from the compensation temperature to the target supply water temperature.
  • the compensation temperature may be recalculated so as to distribute a heat quantity shortfall of the heat source machines to the other heat source machines in operation of which the capability does not reach the capability upper limit and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the other heat source machines in operation of which the capability does not reach the capability upper limit may be set to the recalculated compensation temperature when the operation states of some heat source machines in operation reach the capability upper limit and the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machines in operation does not reach the compensation temperature after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of at least the heat source machines in operation is set to the compensation temperature by the temperature setting means.
  • the temperature calculating means may calculate the compensation temperature using the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machines, or the lower temperature of the cold/hot water outlet temperature and the return water temperature when cooling a heat medium, or the higher temperature of the cold/hot water outlet temperature and the return water temperature when heating the heat medium as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added after the heat source machine to be added is started.
  • the heat source machine to be added After the heat source machine to be added is started, it is possible to calculate the compensation temperature of the heat source machines in operation in consideration of the temperature change of the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added. As a result, it is possible to control the supply water temperature so as to be close to the target supply water temperature while the heat source machine to be added gradually exercises its capability.
  • the heat source system may further include temperature measuring means for measuring a cold/hot water outlet temperature or a cold/hot water inlet temperature of the heat source machine, and the temperature calculating means may calculate the compensation temperature using the measured value, which has been measured by the temperature measuring means provided to correspond to the heat source machine to be added or subtracted, as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted.
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperature or the cold/hot water inlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is measured by the temperature measuring means and the compensation temperature is calculated using the measured value, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the compensation temperature.
  • the predetermined flow rate of the heat source machine to be added may be set within a range equal to or higher than a minimum flow rate of a cold/hot water pump provided to correspond to the heat source machine to be added and equal to or lower than a minimum flow rate determined on the basis of a specification of the heat source machine to be added.
  • the predetermined flow rate of the heat source machine to be subtracted may be set to a minimum flow rate determined on the basis of a specification of the heat source machine to be subtracted.
  • the temperature calculating means may have a weighting set on the basis of an influence which the cold/hot water sent out from each heat source machine gives to the supply water temperature for each heat source machine and may calculate the compensation temperature using the weighting.
  • each heat source machine has a weighting set on the basis of the influence which the cold/hot water sent out from the heat source machine gives to the supply water temperature and the compensation temperature is calculated using the weighting, it is possible to improve the calculation accuracy of the compensation temperature.
  • a control method of a heat source system that includes a plurality of heat source machines connected in parallel to a load and that controls operations of the heat source machines such that a supply water temperature of cold/hot water which is supplied to the load corresponds to a target supply water temperature which is determined by a load-side request
  • the control method including: a step of anticipating a case in which a predetermined flow rate is set for the heat source machine to be added or subtracted when changing the number of heat source machines operating and calculating a cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine in operation as a compensation temperature such that the supply water temperature at that time corresponds to the target supply water temperature; and a step of changing a cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine in operation to the compensation temperature, wherein the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is started or stopped and the setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is set to the predetermined setting flow rate, after the supply water temperature is changed with the changing of the cold
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a heat source system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a supply water temperature compensating process according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the supply water temperature compensating process according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the supply water temperature compensating process illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a supply water temperature compensating process according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the supply water temperature compensating process according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the supply water temperature compensating process according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a supply water temperature compensating process according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a supply water temperature compensating process according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply water temperature compensating process according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply water temperature compensating process according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an overshoot which occurs when a cold/hot water outlet setting temperature is step-like changed in a heat source system according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an effect in the heat source system according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a supply water temperature compensating process according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply water temperature compensating process according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply water temperature compensating process according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply water temperature compensating process according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a supply water temperature compensating process according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply water temperature compensating process according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a heat source system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a heat source system 1 includes plural heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c that cool a heat medium (cold water) to be supplied to an external load 2 such as an air conditioner, a water heater, and a plant facility.
  • the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c are connected in parallel to the external load 2 .
  • three heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c are provided, but the number of heat source machines installed can be arbitrarily determined.
  • Cold/hot water pumps 3 a , 3 b , and 3 c pumping heat mediums are disposed on the upstream side of the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c in the heat medium flow.
  • Heat mediums from the return head 4 are supplied to the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c by the cold/hot water pumps 3 a , 3 b , and 3 c .
  • the cold/hot water pumps 3 a , 3 b , and 3 c are driven by an inverter motor (not illustrated) and thus the flow rates thereof are controlled to be variable by varying the rotation speed.
  • the heat mediums cooled or heated by the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c gather in a supply header 5 .
  • the heat mediums gathering in the supply header 5 is supplied to the external load 2 .
  • the heat mediums which have been provided to air-conditioning in the external load 2 and of which the temperature has risen or fallen are sent to the return header 4 .
  • the heat mediums are branched in the return header 4 and are sent again to the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c.
  • a bypass pipe 6 is disposed between the supply header 5 and the return header 4 .
  • the bypass pipe 6 is provided with a bypass valve 7 for adjusting a bypass flow rate.
  • the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c are connected to an upper-level controller 20 via a communication medium and both can interactively communicate.
  • the upper-level controller 20 is, for example, a controller that controls the heat source system as a whole and performs supply water temperature control of setting a cold/hot water outlet set temperatures of the heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c such that the supply water temperature of cold/hot water supplied to the external load 2 is equal to a target supply water temperature determined by a request of the external load 2 , controlling of the number of heat source machines 10 a , 10 b , and 10 c operating based on a request load of the external load 2 , rotation speed control of the pumps 3 a , 3 b , and 3 c , valve opening control of the bypass valve 7 based on the pressure difference between the supply header 5 and the return header 4 , and the like.
  • the upper-level controller 20 is, for example, a computer and includes a central processing unit (CPU), a main storage device such as a random access memory (RAM), an auxiliary storage device, and a communication device that transmits and receives information by communication with an external device.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • main storage device such as a random access memory (RAM)
  • auxiliary storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD)
  • communication device that transmits and receives information by communication with an external device.
  • the auxiliary storage device is a computer-readable recording medium and examples thereof include a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, and a semiconductor memory.
  • Various programs are stored in the auxiliary storage device and various processes are realized by causing the CPU to read the programs from the auxiliary storage device into the main storage device and to execute the read programs.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a supply water temperature compensating process which is performed at the time of changing the number of heat source machines operating in the supply water temperature control out of various control functions of the upper-level controller 20 .
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machines 10 a and 10 b is set to 7° C. which is equal to the target supply water temperature 7° C.
  • cold/hot water for example, 12° C.
  • the return water temperature the temperature of cold/hot water supplied from the return header 4 to the heat source machines
  • the supply water temperature may be separated from 7° C. in a direction in which the temperature rises. This problem similarly occurs when the number of heat source machines decreases.
  • the supply water temperature compensating process is to suppress the separation of the supply water temperature from the target supply water temperature at the time of changing the number of heat source machines operating and is to keep the supply water temperature of cold/hot water close to the target supply water temperature at the time of changing the number of heat source machines operating.
  • step SA 1 when an addition or subtraction request is input (“YES” in step SA 1 ), a case in which a predetermined minimum flow rate determined on the basis of the specification (capability) of the heat source machine is set for a heat source machine to be added or subtracted is anticipated, and the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine is calculated as the compensation temperature T set — u such that the estimated supply water temperature at that time is equal to the target supply water temperature (temperature calculating means).
  • the case in which a “predetermined minimum flow rate” is set for the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is anticipated, but the anticipated flow rate is not necessarily the minimum flow rate determined on the basis of the specification of the heat source machine.
  • the compensation temperature T set — u is calculated using Expression (2) (step SA 2 ).
  • Expression (1) needs to be established in order to make the supply water temperature before the heat source machine 10 c exercises its capability equal to the target supply water temperature.
  • T set represents the target supply water temperature
  • f i represents the flow rate of cold/hot water flowing in an operating heat source machine
  • t ave — r represents the return water temperature, which employs a time average of the measured temperature values measured by a temperature sensor (temperature measuring means) disposed in the vicinity of the return header 4 .
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature T set — u of an operating heat source machine for establishing Expression (1) is given by Expression (2).
  • the compensation temperature T set — u is repeatedly calculated with a predetermined sampling cycle.
  • the compensation temperature T set — u to be described later means the newest value at that time. This is true of the embodiments to be described later.
  • step SA 3 it is determined whether a heat source machine is added.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SA 4 ).
  • step SA 5 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine is changed to the compensation temperature or whether the supply water temperature or the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines are in an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SA 5 ).
  • a start instruction is output to the heat source machine to be added and the flow rate of cold/hot water flowing into the heat source machine is se to the minimum flow rate, that is, the flow rate anticipated at the time of calculating the compensation temperature T set — u (steps SA 6 and SA 7 ).
  • step SA 8 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after a heat source machine is started or whether the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the started heat source machine (hereinafter, referred to as “added heat source machine”) is in an allowable range set to be close to the target supply water temperature T set (step SA 8 ).
  • the predetermined amount of time elapses or that the cold/hot water outlet temperatures are in the allowable range (“YES” in step SA 8 )
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the operating heat source machines are changed from the compensation temperature T set — u to the target supply water temperature T set (step SA 9 ) and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • step SA 3 when it is determined in step SA 3 that a heat source machine is added, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines (which include the heat source machine to be subtracted) is changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u and the cold/hot water setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be subtracted (hereinafter, referred to as “subtracted heat source machine”) is changed to the minimum flow rate (steps SA 10 and SA 11 in FIG. 3 ).
  • step SA 10 instead of the operating heat source machines, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted may be changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u .
  • step SA 12 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the supply water temperature or the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines are in an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SA 12 ).
  • step SA 12 it is determined in step SA 12 whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted are in the allowable range set to be close to T set — u .
  • an operation stop instruction is output to the heat source machine to be subtracted and the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the heat source machine (step SA 13 ).
  • step SA 14 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the heat source machine subtracting instruction is given or whether the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the heat source machine to be subtracted is stopped.
  • the predetermined amount of time elapses or that the cold/hot water pump is stopped (“YES” in step SA 14 )
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the heat source machines in operation are changed from the compensation temperature T set — u to the target supply water temperature T set (step SA 15 ) and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperature is calculated as the compensation temperature T set — u such that the supply water temperature is equal to the target supply water temperature T set , and the compensation temperature T set — u is set as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines.
  • the compensation temperature T set — u may be set for a heat source machine to be added or subtracted in addition to the heat source machines which continuously operate.
  • the separation the supply water temperature from the target supply water temperature is avoided by supplementing the capability shortfall of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted with the operating heat source machines.
  • the compensation temperature T set — u departs from the operable range of the operating heat sources and causes a trip or the like.
  • an allowable range of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature based on the capability of a heat source machine is set in advance and the compensation temperature is made not to depart from the allowable range.
  • step SA 2 in FIG. 2 it is determined whether the compensation temperature calculated in step SA 2 in FIG. 2 is lower than the lower limit of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature registered in advance.
  • the compensation temperature is lower than the lower limit
  • the lower limit of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature is set as the compensation temperature.
  • step SA 2 in FIG. 2 it is determined whether the compensation temperature calculated in step SA 2 in FIG. 2 is higher than the upper limit of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature registered in advance.
  • the compensation temperature is higher than the upper limit, the upper limit of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature is set as the compensation temperature.
  • the lower limit or the upper limit is set as the compensation temperature.
  • the flow rate of the operating heat source machines is increased. Specifically, the setting flow rate of the operating heat source machines is changed to the maximum flow rate f n — max .
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 are flowcharts illustrating a supply water temperature compensating process according to this embodiment.
  • the compensation temperature is calculated (step SB 2 ).
  • the compensation temperature T set — u is calculated using Expression (3).
  • step SB 3 it is determined whether a heat source machine is added.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u , and the cold/hot water setting flow rates thereof are changed to the maximum flow rate (steps SB 4 and SB 5 ).
  • step SB 6 it is determined in step SB 6 whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the heat source machines are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the supply water temperature or the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines are in an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u and whether the flow rate reaches the maximum flow rate.
  • a start instruction is output to the heat source machine to be added and the flow rate of cold/hot water flowing into the heat source machine is set to the minimum flow rate (step SB 7 and step SB 8 in FIG. 6 ).
  • step SB 9 When the predetermined amount of time elapses from the heat source machine is started or when the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the started heat source machine is in the allowable range set to be close to the target supply water temperature T set (“YES” in step SB 9 ), the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the compensation temperature T set , to the target supply water temperature T set (step SB 10 ), the cold/hot water flow rates of the operating heat source machines are then returned to the normal control (step SB 11 ), and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • step SB 12 in FIG. 7 when a heat source machine is added and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SB 12 in FIG. 7 ), the cold/hot water setting flow rates of the heat source machines continuously operating are changed to the maximum flow rate and the cold/hot water setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be subtracted is changed to the minimum flow rate (steps SB 13 ).
  • step SB 14 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the heat source machines are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the supply water temperature or the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines are in an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u and whether the flow rates of the heat source machines reach the setting flow rates (step SB 14 ).
  • step SB 12 the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted may be changed.
  • step SB 14 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the heat source machines are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted become close to the compensation temperature T set — u .
  • an operation stop instruction is output to the heat source machine to be subtracted and the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the heat source machine (step SB 15 ).
  • step SB 16 When it is determined that the predetermined amount of time elapses after the heat source machine subtracting instruction is given or that the pump corresponding to the heat source machine to be subtracted is stopped (“YES” in step SB 16 ), the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines in operation are changed from the compensation temperature T set — u to the target supply water temperature T set (step SB 17 ), the cold/hot water flow rates of the, operating heat source machines are returned to the normal control (step SB 18 ), and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • the heat source system according to this embodiment and the control method thereof, it is possible to broaden the control width of the supply water temperature by additionally performing the flow rate control in addition to the temperature control, and it is possible to cause the operating heat source machines to further exercise their capability. Accordingly, it is possible to supplement the capability shortfall when the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is additionally started or stopped with the operating heat source machines as much as possible and it is possible to further suppress the variation in the supply water temperature when changing the number of heat source machines operating.
  • the aforementioned flow rate control according to the third embodiment may be performed, for example, only when the compensation temperature T set — u calculated in step SA 2 in FIG. 2 departs from an upper-lower range of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature which is set in advance. That is, in this case, it is determined whether the compensation temperature departs from the upper-lower range of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature set in advance, and the compensation temperature is recalculated using Expression (3) when it is determined that the compensation temperature departs from the range.
  • the recalculated compensation temperature is set as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines, the setting flow rates of the heat source machines are set to the maximum flow rate, and the setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is set to the minimum flow rate.
  • the flow rates can be adjusted only in a situation which cannot be coped with by only changing the temperature, and it is thus possible to skip unnecessary flow rate adjustment.
  • the variation in the supply water temperature at the time of changing the number of heat source machines operating is suppressed by supplementing the capability shortfall at the time of starting or stopping the heat source machine to be added or subtracted by increasing the outputs of the operating heat source machines.
  • the capability of the operating heat source machines may reach the upper limit. In this case, the orchidation of capability of the operating heat source machines cannot be expected.
  • step SC 1 when an addition request is input (step SC 1 ), the compensation temperature T set — u is calculated (step SC 2 ) and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures are changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SC 3 ).
  • step SC 4 it is determined whether the capability of the operating heat source machines reaches the upper limit.
  • whether the capability of the operating heat source machines reaches the upper limit can be determined, for example, depending on whether the current of a compressor motor reaches a predetermined upper limit, whether a heat source machine load factor reaches a predetermined upper limit, whether a heat source machine vane opening reaches an upper limit, and the like. Some of these determinations may be combined.
  • step SC 4 When it is determined that some operating heat source machines reach the upper limit (“YES” in step SC 4 ), the process of determining whether a predetermined amount of time elapses in step SC 5 or the like is skipped and the heat source machine to be added is immediately started (step SC 6 ). In step SC 4 , it may be determined whether plural operating heat source machines (which include all the operating heat source machines) instead of some operating heat source machines reach the upper limit, and the process of determining whether a predetermined amount of time elapses or the like may be skipped and the heat source machine to be added may be immediately started when the determination result is “YES”.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the compensation temperature T set — u to the target supply water temperature T set (step SC 8 ) and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • This embodiment can be applied by combination with the aforementioned embodiments as well as the first embodiment.
  • the measured value t ave — r of the return water temperature of cold/hot water is used as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted at the time of calculating the compensation temperature. This is because since the capability of the heat source machine is not exercised just after the addition or subtraction and thus the cold/hot water of the return water temperature flowing from the return header 4 is considered to be output from the heat source machine to be added or subtracted.
  • the measured value of the return water temperature used in the first embodiment is a measured value of the return water temperature before the heat source machine to be added or subtracted is started or stopped and is different from the return water temperature after the heat source machine is actually started or stopped.
  • the return water temperature is also changed accordingly.
  • the supply water temperature and the return water temperature slowly rise or fall and may diverge from the original value.
  • a theoretical value of the return water temperature is calculated, the theoretical value is considered as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted, and the compensation temperature is calculated.
  • Fg represents the flow rate of cold/hot water supplied to the load side
  • ⁇ t represents the temperature difference between the supply water temperature and the return water temperature
  • f i represents the flow rate of an operating heat source machine
  • f i — min represents the flow rate of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted and is set to the minimum flow rate
  • T set represents the supply water temperature
  • c represents the specific heat.
  • the compensation temperature T set — u is calculated using T r — idl instead of t ave — r .
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted may be calculated using both the theoretical value T r — idl of the return water temperature and the measured value t ave — r of the return water temperature.
  • the compensation temperature is given by Expression (6).
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperature of a heat source machine is obtained by adding values which are obtained by proportionally dividing the theoretical value T r — idl of the return water temperature and the measured value t ave — r of the return water temperature. Specifically, a value obtained by adding a value obtained by multiplying the theoretical value T r — idl of the return water temperature by coefficient ⁇ (0 ⁇ 1) and a value obtained by multiplying the measured value t ave — r of the return water temperature by coefficient (1- ⁇ ) is used as the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted.
  • the value of ⁇ can be arbitrarily set.
  • the compensation temperature is calculated in consideration of the variation of the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added or subtracted, but the variations in the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines are not reflected in the calculation of the compensation temperature.
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines may be affected and the cold/hot water outlet temperatures set to the compensation temperature may not be tracked depending on the operation states of the operating heat source machines. For example, when the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are set to a constant temperature and the cold/hot water inlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed with the change of the return water temperature, the operating heat source machines are requested to change their capability. In this case, when the responses of the operating heat source machines to the changes in the cold/hot water inlet temperatures are delayed, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures set to the compensation temperature cannot be tracked and the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines become different from the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures. By anticipating this case, in this embodiment, the difference between the theoretical value of the return water temperature and the measured value of the return water temperature is included as a correction value in the expression for calculating the compensation temperature.
  • Expression (7) is an operational expression of the compensation temperature in this embodiment.
  • the correction value is expressed as a value obtained by multiplying the difference between the measured value of the return water temperature and the theoretical value of the return water temperature by a predetermined correction coefficient ⁇ (0 ⁇ 1).
  • the compensation temperature is calculated on the premise that the return water temperature is changed by changing the number of heat source machines operating.
  • the flow rate of the heat source machine to be added is raised at a predetermined change rate
  • the change in the supply water temperature due to the heat source machine to be added can be absorbed by the capability enhancement of the operating heat source machines. Accordingly, it is possible to allow the supply water temperature to track the target supply water temperature and thus to suppress the change in the return water temperature.
  • step SD 7 of the supply water temperature compensating process the cold/hot water setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be added is raised to the minimum flow rate at a constant change rate.
  • the constant change rate is set to be equal to or less than a change range at which the supply water temperature can be kept at the target supply water temperature by orchidation of capability of the operating heat source machines even when the cold/hot water setting flow rate of the heat source machine to be added is changed at the rate.
  • Steps SD 1 to SD 6 and steps SD 8 and SD 9 correspond to steps SA 1 to SA 6 and steps SA 8 and SA 9 in FIG. 2 and thus description thereof will not be repeated.
  • step SD 3 when it is determined in step SD 3 (see FIG. 9 ) that a heat source machine is subtracted, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted is changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u and the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine to be subtracted is changed to a predetermined temperature determined on the basis of the return water temperature at a constant change rate (steps SD 10 and SD 11 in FIG. 11 ).
  • the predetermined temperature is, for example, a temperature set in advance to be equal to or lower than the return water temperature when the heat source system performs cooling, and is a temperature set in advance to be equal to or higher than the return water temperature when the heat source system performs heating.
  • the constant change rate is set to be equal to or lower than a change rate at which the supply water temperature can track the target supply water temperature by capability enhancement of the operating heat source machines even when the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the heat source machine to be subtracted is changed at the rate.
  • step SD 12 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines except the heat source machine to be subtracted are in the allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SD 12 ).
  • an operation stop instruction is output to the heat source machine to be subtracted and the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the heat source machine (step SD 13 ).
  • step SD 14 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the heat source machine operation stop instruction is output or whether the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the heat source machine to be subtracted is stopped.
  • the predetermined amount of time elapses or that the cold/hot water pump is stopped (“YES” in step SD 14 )
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the compensation temperature T set — u to the target supply water temperature T set (step SD 15 ) and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • the change rate of the setting flow rate of the cold/hot water of the target heat source machine is set to the trackable range of the operating heat source machines, and it is thus possible to keep the supply water temperature close to the target supply water temperature by increasing the capability of the operating heat source machines.
  • the change rate of the cold/hot water outlet setting flow rate of the target heat source machine is set to the trackable range of the operating heat source machines, and it is thus possible to keep the supply water temperature close to the target supply water temperature by increasing the capability of the operating heat source machines. Since the capability of the heat source machine to be subtracted is decreased by a predetermined amount before the subtraction, it is possible to suppress the influence of the subtraction on the system.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the compensation temperature to the target supply water temperature.
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the operating heat source machines overshoot or undershoot the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures as illustrated in FIG. 12 and thus there is a possibility that the supply water temperature is separated from the target supply water temperature after the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • an unnecessary overshoot or undershoot is prevented by setting the change rate of the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures to be slower than normal after the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • the change rate is empirically appropriately set to be equal to or less than a change rate at which an overshoot or undershoot does not occur and a specific example of the change rate is 0.005° C./sec.
  • the change rate at that time is suppressed to be equal to or less than a change rate at which an overshoot or undershoot occurs and it is thus possible to avoid occurrence of an overshoot or undershoot, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 13 . Accordingly, it is possible to keep the supply water temperature close to the target supply water temperature even just after the number of heat source machines operating is changed.
  • the heat source machine to be added is rapidly started when the capability of the operating heat source machines reaches the upper limit.
  • the capability of some operating heat source machines may reach the upper limit but the capability of the other operating heat source machines may not reach the upper limit.
  • One reason of this situation is that the maximum cold/hot water flow rates of the operating heat source machines are different from the rated cold/hot water flow rates. That is, when the maximum cold/hot water flow rates are equal to the rated cold/hot water flow rates and the cold/hot water outlet temperatures are equal to each other, all the heat source machines have the same load factor.
  • the load factors of the heat source machines are different from one another even at the same cold/hot water outlet temperature and the heat source machines of which the capability reaches the upper limit and the heat source machines of which the capability does not reach the upper limit are present.
  • step SE 5 when a heat source machine is added, it is determined in step SE 5 whether an operating heat source machine of which the capability reaches the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature does not reach the compensation temperature is present. Steps SE 1 to SE 4 correspond to steps SA 1 to SA 4 in FIG. 2 and thus description thereof will not be repeated.
  • step SE 5 When it is determined that an operating heat source machine of which the capability reaches the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature does not reach the compensation temperature is present (“YES” in step SE 5 ), it is determined whether another operating heat source machine of which the capability is less than the upper limit is present (step SE 6 ). When it is determined that such an operating heat source machine is present (“YES” in step SE 6 ), the compensation temperature T set — ul of the operating heat source machine is recalculated using Expressions (8) and (9) (step SE 7 ).
  • step SE 5 or SE 6 When the determination result of step SE 5 or SE 6 is “NO”, the process flow goes to step SE 9 in FIG. 15 to be described later.
  • the lack heat quantity Q lack of the operating heat source machine of which the capability has reached the upper limit is calculated using Expression (8).
  • k represents an operating heat source machine of which the capability has reached the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature has not reached to the setting temperature
  • t wout represents the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the operating heat source machine
  • f k represents the flow rate of the heat source machine.
  • the compensation temperature of the operating heat source machine of which the capability is less than the upper limit is recalculated.
  • the compensation temperature is recalculated by dividing the lack heat quantity Q lack by the flow rate of the operating heat source machine of which the capability is less than the upper limit and subtracting the division result from the compensation temperature.
  • Expression (9) represents the heat source machine of which the capability has not reached the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature has reached the compensation temperature T set — u
  • T set — ul represents the compensation temperature and is a compensation temperature for the operating heat source machine.
  • the compensation temperature T set — ul recalculated using Expression (9) is set as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the operating heat source machine (step SE 8 ). Then, it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the compensation temperature is set as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the operating heat source machine or whether the supply water temperature reaches an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SE 9 in FIG. 15 ). When the compensation temperature T set — ul for the operating heat source machine is set, it may be determined whether the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the operating heat source machine reaches the allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — ul .
  • step SE 9 When this condition is not satisfied (“NO” in step SE 9 ), the process flow is returned to step SE 5 and the subsequent processes thereof are repeatedly performed. Accordingly, in order to distribute the lack heat quantity to the heat source machines with a capability margin, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the operating heat source machine not having reached the capability upper limit is updated every time.
  • step SE 9 When the condition of step SE 9 is satisfied (“YES” in step SE 9 ), an addition instruction is output to the heat source machine to be added (step SE 10 ) and then the processes of steps SE 11 to SE 13 are performed.
  • steps SE 11 to SE 13 correspond to steps SA 7 to SA 9 in FIG. 2 and thus description thereof will not be repeated.
  • step SE 3 when it is determined in step SE 3 that a heat source machine is subtracted, the processes of steps SE 14 and SE 15 in FIG. 16 are performed and then the process flow goes to step SE 16 .
  • the processes of steps SE 14 to SE 15 correspond to steps SA 10 to SA 11 in FIG. 3 and thus description thereof will not be repeated.
  • step SE 16 it is determined whether an operating heat source machine of which the capability has reached the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature has not reached the compensation temperature is present.
  • step SE 16 When it is determined that an operating heat source machine of which the capability has reached the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature has not reached the compensation temperature (“YES” in step SE 16 ), it is determined whether an operating heat source machine of which the capability is less than the upper limit and of which the cold/hot water outlet temperature has reached the compensation temperature is present (step SE 17 ).
  • step SE 17 When it is determined that such an operating heat source machine is present (“YES” in step SE 17 ), the compensation temperature T set — ul of the operating heat source machine is calculated using Expressions (8) and (9) (step SE 1 B) and the recalculated compensation temperature T set — u1 is set as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the operating heat source machine (step SE 19 ).
  • step SE 16 or SE 17 When the determination result of step SE 16 or SE 17 is “NO”, the process flow goes to step SE 20 .
  • step SE 20 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature is finally changed or whether the supply water temperature is in an allowable range set to be close to the calculated compensation temperature T set — u calculated in step SE 3 (step SE 20 ).
  • the compensation temperature T set — ul is set for the operating heat source machine, it may be determined whether the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the operating heat source machine reaches an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — ul .
  • the compensation temperature is set for all the operating heat source machines (“NO” in steps SE 16 and SE 17 )
  • step SE 20 When this condition is not satisfied (“NO” in step SE 20 ), the process flow is returned to step SE 16 and the subsequent processes are repeated. Accordingly, in order to distribute the lack heat quantity to the heat source machines with a capability margin, the cold/hot water outlet setting temperature of the operating heat source machine not having reached the capability upper limit is updated every time.
  • a subtraction instruction is output to the heat source machine to be subtracted (step SE 21 in FIG. 17 ) and then the processes of steps SE 22 to SE 23 are performed.
  • the processes of steps SE 22 to SE 23 correspond to steps SA 14 to SA 15 in FIG. 3 and thus description thereof will not be repeated.
  • the capability shortfall can be supplemented with the operating heat source machines not having reached the capability upper limit. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively use the capability of the operating heat source machines.
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added is considered to be the return water temperature (the cold/hot water inlet temperature) and the compensation temperature is calculated.
  • the heat source machine to be added gradually exercises the heat source capability after being started, the cold/hot water outlet temperature thereof becomes slowly different from the cold/hot water inlet temperature (return water temperature).
  • the cold/hot water outlet temperature is set to a temperature lower than the cold/hot water inlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added and the heat medium is supplied. Accordingly, the supply water temperature may be much lower than the target supply water temperature.
  • the compensation temperature of each operating heat source machine is calculated in consideration of the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added after the heat source machine is added.
  • the compensation temperature is calculated using the measured value of the cold/hot water outlet temperature instead of the return water temperature.
  • the calculation expression of the compensation temperature is given by Expression (10).
  • the compensation temperature is used as the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines (the operating heat source machines except the added heat source machine) after the heat source machine to be added is started.
  • t wout(n) represents the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added.
  • the return water temperature and the measured value of the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added may be compared and the compensation temperature may be calculated using the lower temperature.
  • the calculation expression of the compensation temperature is given by Expression (11).
  • Expression (11) represents a case in which the heat source system cools a heat medium and is to calculate the compensation temperature using the higher temperature when the heat source system heats the heat medium.
  • the compensation temperature is calculated by considering the cold/hot water outlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added as the return water temperature (cold/hot water inlet temperature).
  • the cold/hot water in the stopped heat source machine may not reach the return water temperature because the cold/hot water pump is stopped.
  • the temperature of the cold/hot water in the stopped heat source machine will be much higher than the return water temperature.
  • the cold/hot water having a temperature other than the anticipated temperature is sent out from the added heat source machine and it is difficult to keep the supply water temperature close to the target supply water temperature.
  • the temperature of the cold/hot water in the heat source machine to be added for example, the cold/hot water outlet temperature or the cold/hot water inlet temperature of the heat source machine to be added is measured by the temperature sensor and the compensation temperature using the sensor-measured value instead of the return water temperature.
  • the compensation temperature is calculated by Expression (12).
  • T set represents the target supply water temperature
  • f i represents the flow rate of cold/hot water flowing in an operating heat source machine
  • f i — max is used as for example, when the setting flow rate of the operating heat source machine is changed to the maximum flow rate as in the third embodiment.
  • f n represents the flow rate of a heat source machine to be added (hereinafter, referred to as “added heat source machine”) and employs, for example, the flow rate set at the time of starting the added heat source machine.
  • t n represents the temperature of the cold/hot water of the added heat source machine and is set, for example, to the heat source machine inlet temperature or the heat source machine outlet temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
  • t n may employ any one of the air temperature, the air wet-bulb temperature, and the saturated temperature of the added heat source machine (which may be the saturated temperature determined from the inside pressure) before starting the added heat source machine.
  • the heat source machine inlet temperature or the heat source machine outlet temperature of the added heat source machine is measured by the temperature sensor and the compensation temperature is calculated using the sensor-measured value instead of the return water temperature. Accordingly, even when the temperature of the cold/hot water in the added heat source machine is separated from the return water temperature, it is possible to keep the supply water temperature close to the target temperature.
  • the influence to the return water temperature is great depending on the temperature of the cold/hot water in the stopped heat source machine, the capability excation of the operating heat source machines is not tracked, and it is thus difficult to keep the supply water temperature close to the target temperature.
  • step SF 2 when an addition or subtraction request is input (“YES” in step SF 1 in FIG. 18 ), the compensation temperature is calculated (step SF 2 ).
  • Expression (13) can be used to calculate the compensation temperature.
  • T set represents the target supply water temperature
  • f i represents the flow rate of cold/hot water flowing in an operating heat source machine
  • f i — max is used as for example, when the setting flow rate of the operating heat source machine is changed to the maximum flow rate as in the third embodiment.
  • f n represents the flow rate of a heat source machine to be added (hereinafter, referred to as “added heat source machine”) and employs, for example, the flow rate of the pump before starting the added heat source machine and the minimum flow rate of the added heat source machine after starting the added heat source machine.
  • t n represents the temperature of the cold/hot water of the added heat source machine and is set, for example, to the heat source machine inlet temperature or the heat source machine outlet temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
  • t n may employ any one of the air temperature, the air wet-bulb temperature, and the saturated temperature of the added heat source machine (which may be the saturated temperature determined from the inside pressure) before starting the added heat source machine.
  • step SF 3 it is determined whether a heat source machine is added.
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the target supply water temperature T set to the compensation temperature T set — u (step SF 4 ).
  • step SF 5 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the heat source machines are changed to the compensation temperature or whether the supply water temperature or the cold/hot water outlet temperatures of the started heat source machines are in an allowable range set to be close to the compensation temperature T set — u (in step SF 5 ).
  • a start instruction is output to the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the added heat source machine and the frequency of the cold/hot water pump is set to the frequency corresponding to the minimum flow rate of the pump (steps SF 6 and SF 7 ).
  • step SF 8 it is determined whether a predetermined amount of time elapses after starting the cold/hot water pump or whether the cold/hot water outlet (inlet) temperature of the added heat source machine is in an allowable range set to be close to the return water temperature (step SF 8 in FIG. 19 ).
  • the setting frequency of the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the added heat source machine is changed to the frequency corresponding to the minimum flow rate of the pump (step SF 9 ).
  • a start instruction is output to the added heat source machine (step SF 11 ).
  • the cold/hot water outlet setting temperatures of the operating heat source machines are changed from the compensation temperature T set — u to the target supply water temperature T set (step SF 13 ) and then the supply water temperature compensating process ends.
  • step SF 3 When it is determined in step SF 3 that a heat source machine is subtracted, the process flow goes to step SF 15 and the subtraction control according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments is performed.
  • the cold/hot water flow rate of the heat source machine to be added is set to be as small as possible before starting the heat source machine to be added, and is then raised to the minimum flow rate of the heat source machine to be added.
  • the cold/hot water pump corresponding to the added heat source machine is operated at the frequency (the frequency corresponding to the minimum flow rate of the cold/hot water pump) corresponding to the flow rate lower than the minimum flow rate of the heat source machines, the added heat source machine is started on the basis of the relationship of the supply water temperature and the like, and the setting frequency of the cold/hot water pump is changed to the frequency corresponding to the minimum flow rate of the added heat source.
  • the setting of the flow rate of the added heat source machine is not limited to two steps as described above, but may be performed in two or more steps, for example, continuously from the minimum flow rate of the cold/hot water pump to the heat source machine minimum flow rate.
  • a heat source system according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention and a control method thereof will be described below.
  • the influences which the supply water from the heat source machines gives to the supply water temperature may be different from each other in construction of pipes.
  • the supply water from the heat source machine disposed in the vicinity of the supply header 5 gives a greater influence to the supply water temperature than the supply water from the heat source machine disposed in the vicinity of the bypass pipe 6 .
  • the compensation temperature T set — u is calculated in consideration of the influences which the supply water of the heat source machines gives to the supply water temperature. Specifically, the influences which the supply water of the heat source machines gives to the supply water temperature are converted into weighting coefficients and are multiplied by the cold/hot water flow rates of the heat source machines.
  • the weighting may be considered in the calculation expressions for the compensation temperature according to the embodiments.
  • the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments, but can be modified in various forms by partially or overall combining the aforementioned embodiments without departing from the gist of the present invention.

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  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
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JP2017207230A (ja) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-24 株式会社コロナ 熱源装置
US10533781B2 (en) * 2015-05-13 2020-01-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Machine quantity controlling device, energy supplying system, machine quantity controlling method, and program
US11466881B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2022-10-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Controller and method for reducing standby time when controlling the number of chillers to be operated

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JP6980829B2 (ja) * 2016-07-12 2021-12-15 東芝キヤリア株式会社 熱源装置およびその制御方法
JP6676490B2 (ja) * 2016-07-12 2020-04-08 東芝キヤリア株式会社 熱源装置およびその制御方法
CN107166805B (zh) * 2017-05-18 2019-10-18 浙江理工大学 一种空气源热泵机房以泵代阀分组群控***
JP7463065B2 (ja) * 2019-08-19 2024-04-08 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 熱源システムの制御装置、熱源システム、熱源システムの制御方法、及び熱源システムの制御プログラム

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US20160209053A1 (en) * 2013-11-01 2016-07-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Heat source control device, heat source system, and heat source control method
US10533781B2 (en) * 2015-05-13 2020-01-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Machine quantity controlling device, energy supplying system, machine quantity controlling method, and program
JP2017207230A (ja) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-24 株式会社コロナ 熱源装置
US11466881B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2022-10-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Controller and method for reducing standby time when controlling the number of chillers to be operated

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