US20120007135A1 - Semiconductor device - Google Patents
Semiconductor device Download PDFInfo
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- US20120007135A1 US20120007135A1 US13/235,963 US201113235963A US2012007135A1 US 20120007135 A1 US20120007135 A1 US 20120007135A1 US 201113235963 A US201113235963 A US 201113235963A US 2012007135 A1 US2012007135 A1 US 2012007135A1
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- semiconductor device
- semiconductor
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- conductive
- conductive structure
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/38—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
- H01L33/382—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape the electrode extending partially in or entirely through the semiconductor body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/08—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a plurality of light emitting regions, e.g. laterally discontinuous light emitting layer or photoluminescent region integrated within the semiconductor body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/22—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
- H01L33/42—Transparent materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and in particular to a semiconductor device having a conductive structure.
- LEDs Light-emitting diodes
- CCFLs cold cathode fluorescent lamps
- LEDs consume less power and have longer lifetime. Therefore, LEDs are replacing the conventional light sources gradually, and utilized in various fields.
- the LEDs are capable of being employed in traffic lights, optical display devices, data storage devices, communication devices, illuminative equipments and medical equipments.
- the desire of brightness of the LEDs increases as the usage and development of the LEDs evolves, thus one of the main goals of engineers who design LEDs is to increase the brightness of the LEDs.
- One method for enhancing brightness and luminous flux of LEDs is to enlarge surface area of a chip.
- an electric current can not be spread uniformly from a contact electrode into a light-emitting layer; and if the surface area of the contact electrode is enlarged to make the electric current spread uniformly, an effect of light blocking would occur and thus the light extraction is reduced.
- how to spread the electric current uniformly in the light-emitting layer and increase the brightness of the LED without changing the surface area of the contact electrode is a problem need to be solved.
- a conventional method for spreading the electric current is performed by using a semi-transparent current spreading layer formed on a p-type semiconductor layer.
- a semi-transparent current spreading layer formed on a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure located on the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the conductive structure includes a bottom portion and a top portion on opposite side thereof. The bottom portion is in contact with the semiconductor stacked layer. A ratio of a top width of the top portion to a bottom width of the bottom portion is less than 0.7.
- the conductive structure can be a conductive dot structure or a conductive line structure.
- a height from the bottom portion to the top portion is greater than the bottom width
- the bottom width is less than a wavelength of light generated by the semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device further includes a roughened structure or a periodic concave-convex structure formed on a surface of the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the semiconductor device further includes a protective layer formed on sidewalls of the conductive structure.
- the semiconductor device further includes a transparent conductive layer formed on the conductive structure.
- the semiconductor device further includes a second transparent conductive layer located between the conductive structure and the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the semiconductor device further includes a plurality of grooves filled with an insulating protective layer in the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the semiconductor stacked layer includes an upper surface with an average roughness greater than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure located on the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the conductive structure includes a bottom portion and a top portion on opposite side thereof. The bottom portion is in contact with the semiconductor stacked layer. A height from the bottom portion to the top portion is greater than a bottom width of the bottom portion.
- the semiconductor device further includes a protective layer formed on sidewalls of the conductive structure.
- the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure.
- the semiconductor stacked layer has a first semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second semiconductor layer.
- the conductive structure is formed the first semiconductor layer and/or the second semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor device further includes a transparent conductive layer formed on the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the backlight module includes a light source device, an optical device and a power supply system.
- the light source device has the semiconductor device of one of the above embodiments.
- the optical device is located on a light output path of the light source device.
- the power supply system is adapted to provide electrical power for the light source.
- the illumination device includes a light source device, a power supply system and control element.
- the light source device has the semiconductor device of one of the above embodiments.
- the power supply system is adapted to provide electrical power for the light source.
- the control element is used for controlling the power supply system to input the electric power into the light source device.
- FIG. 1A shows a first step for making a semiconductor device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B shows a second step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1C shows a third step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1D shows a fourth step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1E shows a fifth step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1F shows a sixth step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1G is a cross-section view of a structure of the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1H is a top perspective view of the structure of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1G .
- FIG. 2A is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a top perspective view of the structure of the semiconductor device of FIG. 2A .
- FIG. 3A is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3C is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3D is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a backlight module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an illumination device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an SEM photograph showing a conductive dot structure having a plurality of conductive dots.
- FIG. 10 is an SEM photograph showing a conductive line structure having a plurality of conductive lines.
- the present invention utilizes a nano-imprint technique to form a conductive structure located between an electrode and a semiconductor stacked layer of a semiconductor device.
- the conductive structure can be a conductive dot structure having a plurality of conductive dots or a conductive line structure having a plurality of conductive lines.
- the conductive structure can spread electric current in the semiconductor stacked layer uniformly from the electrode.
- a width of the conductive structure formed by the nano-imprint process is relatively small and even less than the wavelength of light generated by the semiconductor device, and thus an undesired effect of light blocking can be reduced significantly or even avoided. As a result, a luminescent efficiency of the semiconductor device is increased.
- the above structure is not limited to the specific semiconductor device, and it can be used in, such as, a light-emitting device, a solar cell device, or a light-emitting diode.
- Various exemplary embodiments would be described as follows.
- FIGS. 1A-1G show steps for forming a semiconductor device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a photoresist layer 102 is formed on a temporary substrate 101 , and an imprint mold 103 with a nano-structure is provided.
- the imprint mold 103 with a nano-structure imprints on the photoresist layer 102 so as to form a photoresist layer 104 with trapeziform patterns.
- FIG. 1 shows steps for forming a semiconductor device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a photoresist layer 102 is formed on a temporary substrate 101 , and an imprint mold 103 with a nano-structure is provided.
- the imprint mold 103 with a nano-structure imprints on the photoresist layer 102 so as to form a photoresist layer 104 with trapeziform patterns.
- a semiconductor stacked layer including a first semiconductor layer 112 , an active layer 113 and a second semiconductor layer 114 is formed on a substrate 111 , and then the photoresist layer 104 with trapeziform patterns formed during the second step is connected to the second semiconductor layer 114 .
- the temporary substrate 101 is removed from the photoresist layer 104 by for example a stripping method.
- the photoresist layer 104 is etched to remove a portion of the photoresist layer 104 by O 2 plasma, so as to form an inverted trapeziform photoresist layer 105 .
- FIG. 1C a semiconductor stacked layer including a first semiconductor layer 112 , an active layer 113 and a second semiconductor layer 114 is formed on a substrate 111 , and then the photoresist layer 104 with trapeziform patterns formed during the second step is connected to the second semiconductor layer 114 .
- the temporary substrate 101 is removed from the photoresist layer 104 by for example a stripping method.
- the interspaces of the photoresist layer 105 are filled with conductive material by sputtering or E-beam deposition, and then the photoresist layer 105 is removed by for example the stripping method, thereby forming a conductive dot structure 115 having a plurality of conductive dots.
- the conductive dot of the conductive dot structure 115 has a bottom width W 1 , a top width W 2 smaller than the bottom width W 1 , and a height H from the top to the bottom.
- the cross section of the conductive dot can be substantially triangular. Referring to FIG. 9 , an actual shape of the conductive dot structure 115 obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is shown.
- the bottom of the conductive dot of the conductive dot structure 115 is in contact with the second semiconductor layer 114 .
- the bottom width W 1 is less than 5 ⁇ m.
- the bottom width W 1 is in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- a ratio of the top width W 2 to the bottom width W 1 is less than 0.7.
- the ratio of the top width W 2 to the bottom width W 1 is less than 0.35, or a cross section of each conductive dot is approximately triangular.
- the height H is greater than the bottom width W 1 .
- a ratio of the height H to the bottom width W 1 is greater than 1.5.
- the bottom width W 1 and the top width W 2 is less than a wavelength of light generated by the semiconductor device, and the height H is greater than 50 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1G is a top perspective view of the structure of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1G , showing the conductive dot structure 115 having the plurality of conductive dots distributed in the semiconductor device.
- the electric current from the first electrode 117 is transversely spread by the transparent conductive layer 116 flows into the conductive dot structure 115 ; and before the electric current flows into the semiconductor stacked layer, the conductive dot structure 115 may spread the electric current uniformly. Consequently, the electric current would not concentrate on a region under the electrode 117 .
- the temporary substrate 101 can be a metallic substrate, an insulating substrate, a semiconductor substrate or a thermoplastic polymer substrate, such as a copper (Cu) substrate, a nickel (Ni) substrate, an epoxy resin substrate, a sapphire substrate, or gallium nitride (GaN) substrate.
- a metallic substrate such as a copper (Cu) substrate, a nickel (Ni) substrate, an epoxy resin substrate, a sapphire substrate, or gallium nitride (GaN) substrate.
- the substrate 111 can be made of composite material, ceramic material, sapphire, silicon carbide (SiC), silicon (Si), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium phoshpide (GaP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium aluminum arsenide (AlGaAs), gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP), or metal, such as copper or nickel.
- the photoresist layer 102 can be made of flexible metal, UV-curable resin, thermosetting material, thermoplastic polymer, or indium tin oxide.
- the imprint mold 103 can be formed with a patterning process by the following materials: silicon (Si), a nickel (Ni), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), sapphire, or polymer.
- the first semiconductor layer 112 , the active layer 113 and the second semiconductor layer 114 can be formed with an epitaxial process by aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlGaInP) series semiconductor or indium gallium nitride (InGaN) series semiconductor.
- the conductive dot structure 115 can be made of aurum (Au), silver (Ag), chromium/aurum (Cr/Au), aurum/beryllium-aurum/aurum (Au/BeAu/Au), aurum/germanium-aurum-nickel/aurum (Au/GeAuNi/Au), or carbon nanotube.
- the transparent conductive layer 116 can be made of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, cadmium tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, copper aluminum oxide, copper gallium oxide, strontium copper oxide, or carbon nanotube.
- the first electrode 117 and the second electrode 118 each can be made of chromium/aurum (Cr/Au), titanium/platinum/aurum (Ti/Pt/Au), aurum/beryllium-aurum/aurum (Au/BeAu/Au), aurum/ germanium-aurum-nickel/aurum (Au/GeAuNi/Au).
- Cr/Au chromium/aurum
- Ti/Pt/Au titanium/platinum/aurum
- aurum/beryllium-aurum/aurum Au/BeAu/Au
- aurum/ germanium-aurum-nickel/aurum Au/GeAuNi/Au
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show a semiconductor device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- a structure and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device of the second embodiment are similar in principle to that of the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- the conductive dot structure 115 is substituted by a conductive line structure 121 having a plurality of conductive lines.
- the electric current that flows into the semiconductor stacked layer can be spread uniformly by the conductive line structure 121 with various patterns, as shown in FIG. 2B .
- the conductive line of the conductive line structure 121 has a bottom width W 1 , a top width W 2 smaller than the bottom width W 1 , and a height H from the top to the bottom.
- the bottom of the conductive line is in contact with the second semiconductor layer 114 .
- the bottom width W 1 is less than 5 ⁇ m.
- the bottom width W 1 is in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- a ratio of the top width W 2 to the bottom width W 1 is less than 0.7.
- the ratio of the top width W 2 to the bottom width W 1 is less than 0.35, or a cross section of each conductive line is approximately triangular.
- the height H is greater than the bottom width W 1 .
- a ratio of the height H to the bottom width W 1 is greater than 1.5.
- the conductive line structure 121 is elongated, and a cross section of the line of the conductive line structure 121 is triangular. Referring to FIG. 10 , an actual shape of the conductive line structure 121 obtained from a SEM is shown.
- FIG. 3 A which shows a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention
- a roughened structure 131 is formed on a surface of the second semiconductor layer 114 by a roughening process.
- FIG. 3B which shows a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention
- a periodic concave-convex structure 132 or the like is formed on a surface of the second semiconductor layer 114 .
- the roughened structure 131 or the periodic concave-convex structure 132 can effectively increase the light-extracting efficiency of the semiconductor device, thereby increasing the luminescent efficiency of the semiconductor device.
- a nano-imprint technique of present invention can generate a relatively fine photoresist pattern and accomplish subsequent patterning process easily.
- a semiconductor device in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 3C is provided.
- a roughness (Ra) of a surface 133 of the second semiconductor layer 114 is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, and the conductive line structure 121 is formed on the surface 133 by the nano-imprint technique.
- a semiconductor device in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 3D is provided.
- a photoresist pattern is formed on the second semiconductor layer 114 by the nano-imprint technique, then the second semiconductor layer 114 is etched to form a plurality of groove 122 , and then the groove 122 is filled with the conductive line structure 121 to form a plane 134 . Finally, the transparent conductive layer 116 and the first electrode 117 are formed on the plane 134 .
- FIG. 4A shows a semiconductor device in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device of the seventh embodiment is similar in principle to the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- the conductive line structure 121 with various patterns is located under the first electrode 117 , and is electrically connected with the first electrode 117 . Therefore, the electric current can flow into the conductive line structure 121 directly, and be spread uniformly by the conductive line structure 121 before flow into the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the electrode 117 can also include a fingerlike pattern (not shown) on the conductive line structure 121 . Therefore even if the conductive line structure 121 is broken, the electrical connection can still be achieved by the electrode 117 with the fingerlike pattern.
- FIG. 4B shows a semiconductor device in accordance with an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device of the eighth embodiment is similar in principle to the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- the first transparent conductive layer 141 is formed on the second semiconductor layer 114
- the conductive line structure 121 are formed on the first transparent conductive layer 141
- the second transparent conductive layer 142 is formed on the conductive line structure 121
- the electrode 117 is formed on the second transparent conductive layer 142 .
- FIG. 5 shows a semiconductor device in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- a structure and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device of the ninth embodiment are similar in principle to that the semiconductor device of the first embodiment.
- the semiconductor device of the ninth embodiment further includes a protective layer 151 covering the sidewalls of the conductive line structure 121 .
- the protective layer 151 may increase joint strength between the conductive line structure 121 and the second semiconductor layer 114 . Therefore, the problem that the conductive line structure 121 is prone to breaking off with a larger ratio of height to width can be solved.
- the protective layer 151 can be made of transparent material, such as silicon dioxide or polymer.
- the protective layer 151 formed on the sidewalls of the conductive line structure 121 can be performed by a sol-gel method or a spin-coating method.
- FIG. 6 shows a semiconductor device in accordance with a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a method for making the semiconductor device of tenth embodiment includes following steps.
- the conductive line structure 121 is formed on the second semiconductor layer 114 by nano-imprint technique.
- Insulating material is then applied to fill the grooves, so as to form an insulating protective layer 161 .
- the transparent conductive layer 162 and the first electrode 117 are formed on the insulating protective layer 161 .
- the insulating protective layer 161 can be made of epoxy resin or silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
- the columnar structures of semiconductor stacked layer may increase luminescent efficiency of the semiconductor device.
- that the conductive line structure 121 is utilized as the photomask may avoid using an additional photomask, thereby reducing the production cost of the semiconductor device.
- the conductive dot structure and the conductive line structure in the above embodiments can be substituted with each other.
- the conductive structures can be made of conductive material other than metal.
- the conductive structures are not limited to be located between the electrode and the semiconductor stacked layer.
- the conductive structures for spreading the electric current can be located on two sides of the semiconductor stacked layer simultaneously, in the semiconductor stacked layer, or between different semiconductor stacked layers.
- the semiconductor device mentioned above may be mounted with the substrate side down onto a submount via a solder bump or a glue material to form a light source device.
- the submount further comprises at least one circuit layout electrically connected to the electrode of the semiconductor device via an electrical conductive structure, such as a metal wire.
- the semiconductor device mentioned above may also be mounted on a submount by at least one solder bump with the substrate side facing up to form a flip chip type light source device.
- the submount further comprises at least one circuit layout electrically connected to the electrodes of the semiconductor device via the solder.
- the backlight module includes a light source device 710 , an optical device 720 and a power supply system 730 .
- the light source device 710 has a semiconductor device 711 of one of the above embodiments.
- the optical device 720 is located on a light output path of the light source device 710 for processing the light properly.
- the power supply system 730 is adapted to provide electrical power for the light source 710 .
- the illumination device can be a car lamp, a street lamp, a road lamp, an electric torch or an indicator lamp.
- the illumination device includes a light source device 810 , a power supply system 820 and a control element 830 .
- the light source device 810 has a semiconductor device 811 of one of the above embodiments.
- the power supply system 830 is adapted to provide electrical power for the light source 810 .
- the control element 830 is used for controlling the power supply system 820 to input electric power into the light source device 810 .
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Abstract
An exemplary semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure. The conductive structure is located on the semiconductor stacked layer. The conductive structure includes a bottom portion and a top portion on opposite sides thereof. The bottom portion is in contact with the semiconductor stacked layer. A ratio of a top width of the top portion to a bottom width of the bottom portion is less than 0.7. The conductive structure can be a conductive dot structure or a conductive line structure.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/314,730 filed on Dec. 16, 2008, which claims the right of priority based on TW application Ser. No. 096150472, filed Dec. 26, 2007, entitled “Photoelectric Device” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and in particular to a semiconductor device having a conductive structure.
- Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductors that are widely used in light sources. Comparing to conventional tungsten lamps or cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), LEDs consume less power and have longer lifetime. Therefore, LEDs are replacing the conventional light sources gradually, and utilized in various fields. For example, the LEDs are capable of being employed in traffic lights, optical display devices, data storage devices, communication devices, illuminative equipments and medical equipments. The desire of brightness of the LEDs increases as the usage and development of the LEDs evolves, thus one of the main goals of engineers who design LEDs is to increase the brightness of the LEDs.
- One method for enhancing brightness and luminous flux of LEDs is to enlarge surface area of a chip. However, when the surface area of the chip is enlarged, an electric current can not be spread uniformly from a contact electrode into a light-emitting layer; and if the surface area of the contact electrode is enlarged to make the electric current spread uniformly, an effect of light blocking would occur and thus the light extraction is reduced. In this regard, how to spread the electric current uniformly in the light-emitting layer and increase the brightness of the LED without changing the surface area of the contact electrode is a problem need to be solved.
- A conventional method for spreading the electric current is performed by using a semi-transparent current spreading layer formed on a p-type semiconductor layer. Generally, for reducing effect of absorbing light, it is preferred to have a thinner semi-transparent current spreading layer. However, the thinner the semi-transparent current spreading layer is, the higher its sheet resistance is.
- What is needed, therefore, is a semiconductor device that can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings.
- An exemplary semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure located on the semiconductor stacked layer. The conductive structure includes a bottom portion and a top portion on opposite side thereof. The bottom portion is in contact with the semiconductor stacked layer. A ratio of a top width of the top portion to a bottom width of the bottom portion is less than 0.7. The conductive structure can be a conductive dot structure or a conductive line structure.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a height from the bottom portion to the top portion is greater than the bottom width.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom width is less than a wavelength of light generated by the semiconductor device.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a roughened structure or a periodic concave-convex structure formed on a surface of the semiconductor stacked layer.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a protective layer formed on sidewalls of the conductive structure.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a transparent conductive layer formed on the conductive structure.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a second transparent conductive layer located between the conductive structure and the semiconductor stacked layer.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a plurality of grooves filled with an insulating protective layer in the semiconductor stacked layer.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor stacked layer includes an upper surface with an average roughness greater than 0.1 μm.
- Another exemplary semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure located on the semiconductor stacked layer. The conductive structure includes a bottom portion and a top portion on opposite side thereof. The bottom portion is in contact with the semiconductor stacked layer. A height from the bottom portion to the top portion is greater than a bottom width of the bottom portion.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a protective layer formed on sidewalls of the conductive structure.
- An exemplary semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stacked layer and a conductive structure. The semiconductor stacked layer has a first semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second semiconductor layer. The conductive structure is formed the first semiconductor layer and/or the second semiconductor layer.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor device further includes a transparent conductive layer formed on the semiconductor stacked layer.
- An exemplary backlight module is provided. The backlight module includes a light source device, an optical device and a power supply system. The light source device has the semiconductor device of one of the above embodiments. The optical device is located on a light output path of the light source device. The power supply system is adapted to provide electrical power for the light source.
- An exemplary illumination device is provided. The illumination device includes a light source device, a power supply system and control element. The light source device has the semiconductor device of one of the above embodiments. The power supply system is adapted to provide electrical power for the light source. The control element is used for controlling the power supply system to input the electric power into the light source device.
- These and other features and advantages of the various embodiments disclosed herein will be better understood with respect to the following description and drawings, in which like numbers refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
-
FIG. 1A shows a first step for making a semiconductor device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1B shows a second step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1C shows a third step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1D shows a fourth step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1E shows a fifth step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1F shows a sixth step for making the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1G is a cross-section view of a structure of the semiconductor device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1H is a top perspective view of the structure of the semiconductor device ofFIG. 1G . -
FIG. 2A is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2B is a top perspective view of the structure of the semiconductor device ofFIG. 2A . -
FIG. 3A is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3B is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3C is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3D is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4A is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4B is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with an eighth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a cross-section view of a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a tenth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a backlight module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an illumination device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is an SEM photograph showing a conductive dot structure having a plurality of conductive dots. -
FIG. 10 is an SEM photograph showing a conductive line structure having a plurality of conductive lines. - Reference will now be made to the drawings to describe various exemplary embodiments of the present semiconductor devices in detail.
- The present invention utilizes a nano-imprint technique to form a conductive structure located between an electrode and a semiconductor stacked layer of a semiconductor device. The conductive structure can be a conductive dot structure having a plurality of conductive dots or a conductive line structure having a plurality of conductive lines. The conductive structure can spread electric current in the semiconductor stacked layer uniformly from the electrode. A width of the conductive structure formed by the nano-imprint process is relatively small and even less than the wavelength of light generated by the semiconductor device, and thus an undesired effect of light blocking can be reduced significantly or even avoided. As a result, a luminescent efficiency of the semiconductor device is increased. The above structure is not limited to the specific semiconductor device, and it can be used in, such as, a light-emitting device, a solar cell device, or a light-emitting diode. Various exemplary embodiments would be described as follows.
-
FIGS. 1A-1G show steps for forming a semiconductor device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 1 , aphotoresist layer 102 is formed on atemporary substrate 101, and animprint mold 103 with a nano-structure is provided. As shown inFIG. 1B , theimprint mold 103 with a nano-structure imprints on thephotoresist layer 102 so as to form aphotoresist layer 104 with trapeziform patterns. As shown inFIG. 1C , a semiconductor stacked layer including afirst semiconductor layer 112, anactive layer 113 and asecond semiconductor layer 114 is formed on asubstrate 111, and then thephotoresist layer 104 with trapeziform patterns formed during the second step is connected to thesecond semiconductor layer 114. As shown inFIG. 1D , thetemporary substrate 101 is removed from thephotoresist layer 104 by for example a stripping method. As shown inFIG. 1E , thephotoresist layer 104 is etched to remove a portion of thephotoresist layer 104 by O2 plasma, so as to form an invertedtrapeziform photoresist layer 105. As shown inFIG. 1F , the interspaces of thephotoresist layer 105 are filled with conductive material by sputtering or E-beam deposition, and then thephotoresist layer 105 is removed by for example the stripping method, thereby forming aconductive dot structure 115 having a plurality of conductive dots. The conductive dot of theconductive dot structure 115 has a bottom width W1, a top width W2 smaller than the bottom width W1, and a height H from the top to the bottom. The cross section of the conductive dot can be substantially triangular. Referring toFIG. 9 , an actual shape of theconductive dot structure 115 obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is shown. The bottom of the conductive dot of theconductive dot structure 115 is in contact with thesecond semiconductor layer 114. The bottom width W1 is less than 5 μm. Preferably, the bottom width W1 is in the range from 0.1 μm to 3 μm. A ratio of the top width W2 to the bottom width W1 is less than 0.7. Preferably, the ratio of the top width W2 to the bottom width W1 is less than 0.35, or a cross section of each conductive dot is approximately triangular. The height H is greater than the bottom width W1. Preferably, a ratio of the height H to the bottom width W1 is greater than 1.5. Furthermore, the bottom width W1 and the top width W2 is less than a wavelength of light generated by the semiconductor device, and the height H is greater than 50 μm. - As shown in
FIG. 1G , finally, a transparentconductive layer 116 is formed on theconductive dot structure 115, afirst electrode 117 is formed on the transparentconductive layer 116, and asecond electrode 118 is formed under thesubstrate 111. As such, the semiconductor device of the first embodiment of the present invention that includes theconductive dot structure 115 having the plurality of conductive dots for spreading the electric current uniformly has been made.FIG. 1H , is a top perspective view of the structure of the semiconductor device ofFIG. 1G , showing theconductive dot structure 115 having the plurality of conductive dots distributed in the semiconductor device. The electric current from thefirst electrode 117 is transversely spread by the transparentconductive layer 116 flows into theconductive dot structure 115; and before the electric current flows into the semiconductor stacked layer, theconductive dot structure 115 may spread the electric current uniformly. Consequently, the electric current would not concentrate on a region under theelectrode 117. - The
temporary substrate 101 can be a metallic substrate, an insulating substrate, a semiconductor substrate or a thermoplastic polymer substrate, such as a copper (Cu) substrate, a nickel (Ni) substrate, an epoxy resin substrate, a sapphire substrate, or gallium nitride (GaN) substrate. Thesubstrate 111 can be made of composite material, ceramic material, sapphire, silicon carbide (SiC), silicon (Si), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium phoshpide (GaP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium aluminum arsenide (AlGaAs), gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP), or metal, such as copper or nickel. Thephotoresist layer 102 can be made of flexible metal, UV-curable resin, thermosetting material, thermoplastic polymer, or indium tin oxide. Theimprint mold 103 can be formed with a patterning process by the following materials: silicon (Si), a nickel (Ni), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon dioxide (SiO2), sapphire, or polymer. Thefirst semiconductor layer 112, theactive layer 113 and thesecond semiconductor layer 114 can be formed with an epitaxial process by aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlGaInP) series semiconductor or indium gallium nitride (InGaN) series semiconductor. Theconductive dot structure 115 can be made of aurum (Au), silver (Ag), chromium/aurum (Cr/Au), aurum/beryllium-aurum/aurum (Au/BeAu/Au), aurum/germanium-aurum-nickel/aurum (Au/GeAuNi/Au), or carbon nanotube. The transparentconductive layer 116 can be made of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, cadmium tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, copper aluminum oxide, copper gallium oxide, strontium copper oxide, or carbon nanotube. Thefirst electrode 117 and thesecond electrode 118 each can be made of chromium/aurum (Cr/Au), titanium/platinum/aurum (Ti/Pt/Au), aurum/beryllium-aurum/aurum (Au/BeAu/Au), aurum/ germanium-aurum-nickel/aurum (Au/GeAuNi/Au). The same reference numerals would be used in the same components in the following FIGS. -
FIGS. 2A and 2B show a semiconductor device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. A structure and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device of the second embodiment are similar in principle to that of the semiconductor device of the first embodiment. However theconductive dot structure 115 is substituted by aconductive line structure 121 having a plurality of conductive lines. The electric current that flows into the semiconductor stacked layer can be spread uniformly by theconductive line structure 121 with various patterns, as shown inFIG. 2B . The conductive line of theconductive line structure 121 has a bottom width W1, a top width W2 smaller than the bottom width W1, and a height H from the top to the bottom. The bottom of the conductive line is in contact with thesecond semiconductor layer 114. The bottom width W1 is less than 5 μm. Preferably, the bottom width W1 is in the range from 0.1 μm to 3 μm. A ratio of the top width W2 to the bottom width W1 is less than 0.7. Preferably, the ratio of the top width W2 to the bottom width W1 is less than 0.35, or a cross section of each conductive line is approximately triangular. The height H is greater than the bottom width W1. Preferably, a ratio of the height H to the bottom width W1 is greater than 1.5. In this embodiment, theconductive line structure 121 is elongated, and a cross section of the line of theconductive line structure 121 is triangular. Referring toFIG. 10 , an actual shape of theconductive line structure 121 obtained from a SEM is shown. - Furthermore, referring to FIG, 3A, which shows a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, a roughened
structure 131 is formed on a surface of thesecond semiconductor layer 114 by a roughening process. Referring toFIG. 3B , which shows a structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a periodic concave-convex structure 132 or the like is formed on a surface of thesecond semiconductor layer 114. The roughenedstructure 131 or the periodic concave-convex structure 132 can effectively increase the light-extracting efficiency of the semiconductor device, thereby increasing the luminescent efficiency of the semiconductor device. - Unlike a conventional lithography technique, a nano-imprint technique of present invention can generate a relatively fine photoresist pattern and accomplish subsequent patterning process easily. In this regard, a semiconductor device in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention as shown in
FIG. 3C is provided. In the semiconductor device of the fifth embodiment, a roughness (Ra) of asurface 133 of thesecond semiconductor layer 114 is in the range of 0.1 μm˜3 μm, and theconductive line structure 121 is formed on thesurface 133 by the nano-imprint technique. In addition, a semiconductor device in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention as shown inFIG. 3D is provided. During a process of making the semiconductor device of the sixth embodiment, a photoresist pattern is formed on thesecond semiconductor layer 114 by the nano-imprint technique, then thesecond semiconductor layer 114 is etched to form a plurality ofgroove 122, and then thegroove 122 is filled with theconductive line structure 121 to form aplane 134. Finally, the transparentconductive layer 116 and thefirst electrode 117 are formed on theplane 134. -
FIG. 4A shows a semiconductor device in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the present invention. The semiconductor device of the seventh embodiment is similar in principle to the semiconductor device of the first embodiment. However, in the semiconductor device of the seventh embodiment, theconductive line structure 121 with various patterns is located under thefirst electrode 117, and is electrically connected with thefirst electrode 117. Therefore, the electric current can flow into theconductive line structure 121 directly, and be spread uniformly by theconductive line structure 121 before flow into the semiconductor stacked layer. Theelectrode 117 can also include a fingerlike pattern (not shown) on theconductive line structure 121. Therefore even if theconductive line structure 121 is broken, the electrical connection can still be achieved by theelectrode 117 with the fingerlike pattern. -
FIG. 4B shows a semiconductor device in accordance with an eighth embodiment of the present invention. The semiconductor device of the eighth embodiment is similar in principle to the semiconductor device of the first embodiment. However in the semiconductor device of the eighth embodiment, the first transparentconductive layer 141 is formed on thesecond semiconductor layer 114, theconductive line structure 121 are formed on the first transparentconductive layer 141, the second transparentconductive layer 142 is formed on theconductive line structure 121, and theelectrode 117 is formed on the second transparentconductive layer 142. -
FIG. 5 shows a semiconductor device in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the present invention. A structure and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device of the ninth embodiment are similar in principle to that the semiconductor device of the first embodiment. However, the semiconductor device of the ninth embodiment further includes aprotective layer 151 covering the sidewalls of theconductive line structure 121. Theprotective layer 151 may increase joint strength between theconductive line structure 121 and thesecond semiconductor layer 114. Therefore, the problem that theconductive line structure 121 is prone to breaking off with a larger ratio of height to width can be solved. Theprotective layer 151 can be made of transparent material, such as silicon dioxide or polymer. Theprotective layer 151 formed on the sidewalls of theconductive line structure 121 can be performed by a sol-gel method or a spin-coating method. -
FIG. 6 shows a semiconductor device in accordance with a tenth embodiment of the present invention. A method for making the semiconductor device of tenth embodiment includes following steps. Theconductive line structure 121 is formed on thesecond semiconductor layer 114 by nano-imprint technique. Then, utilizing theconductive line structure 121 as a mask to etch the semiconductor stacked layer by inductively coupled plasma, so as to form a plurality of grooves and a plurality of columnar structures of semiconductor stacked layer under theconductive line structure 121, as shown inFIG. 6 . Insulating material is then applied to fill the grooves, so as to form an insulatingprotective layer 161. Finally, the transparentconductive layer 162 and thefirst electrode 117 are formed on the insulatingprotective layer 161. The insulatingprotective layer 161 can be made of epoxy resin or silicon dioxide (SiO2). The columnar structures of semiconductor stacked layer may increase luminescent efficiency of the semiconductor device. In addition, that theconductive line structure 121 is utilized as the photomask may avoid using an additional photomask, thereby reducing the production cost of the semiconductor device. - The conductive dot structure and the conductive line structure in the above embodiments can be substituted with each other. The conductive structures can be made of conductive material other than metal. The conductive structures are not limited to be located between the electrode and the semiconductor stacked layer. The conductive structures for spreading the electric current can be located on two sides of the semiconductor stacked layer simultaneously, in the semiconductor stacked layer, or between different semiconductor stacked layers.
- In addition, the semiconductor device mentioned above may be mounted with the substrate side down onto a submount via a solder bump or a glue material to form a light source device. Besides, the submount further comprises at least one circuit layout electrically connected to the electrode of the semiconductor device via an electrical conductive structure, such as a metal wire. The semiconductor device mentioned above may also be mounted on a submount by at least one solder bump with the substrate side facing up to form a flip chip type light source device. Besides, the submount further comprises at least one circuit layout electrically connected to the electrodes of the semiconductor device via the solder.
- Referring to
FIG. 7 , a backlight module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The backlight module includes alight source device 710, anoptical device 720 and apower supply system 730. Thelight source device 710 has asemiconductor device 711 of one of the above embodiments. Theoptical device 720 is located on a light output path of thelight source device 710 for processing the light properly. Thepower supply system 730 is adapted to provide electrical power for thelight source 710. - Referring to
FIG. 8 , an illumination device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The illumination device can be a car lamp, a street lamp, a road lamp, an electric torch or an indicator lamp. The illumination device includes alight source device 810, apower supply system 820 and acontrol element 830. Thelight source device 810 has asemiconductor device 811 of one of the above embodiments. Thepower supply system 830 is adapted to provide electrical power for thelight source 810. Thecontrol element 830 is used for controlling thepower supply system 820 to input electric power into thelight source device 810. - The above description is given by way of example, and not limitation. Given the above disclosure, one skilled in the art could devise variations that are within the scope and spirit of the invention disclosed herein, including configurations ways of the recessed portions and materials and/or designs of the attaching structures. Further, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein can be used alone, or in varying combinations with each other and are not intended to be limited to the specific combination described herein. Thus, the scope of the claims is not to be limited by the illustrated embodiments.
Claims (20)
1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first semiconductor stacked layer having a first outermost surface;
a second semiconductor stacked layer having a second outermost surface opposite to the first outermost surface; and
a first conductive structure made of a material different from that of the first semiconductor stacked layer and formed between the first outermost surface and the second outermost surface.
2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , further comprising a second conductive structure formed between the first outermost surface and the second outermost surface.
3. The semiconductor device of claim 2 , wherein the first conductive structure is near the first outermost surface than the second outermost surface.
4. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , further comprising an active layer between the first semiconductor stacked layer and the second semiconductor stacked layer.
5. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , further comprising a transparent layer formed on the first conductive structure.
6. The semiconductor device of claim 5 , wherein the transparent layer is electrically connected to the first conductive layer.
7. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive structure contacts the first semiconductor stacked layer.
8. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive structure comprises a dot structure or a line structure.
9. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive structure has a height and a bottom width, wherein a ratio of the height to the bottom width is greater than 1.5.
10. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive structure has a top width and a bottom width, wherein a ratio of the top width to the bottom width is less than 0.7.
11. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first semiconductor stacked layer comprises a groove for accommodating the first conductive structure.
12. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive structure contacts the first outermost surface.
13. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first semiconductor stacked layer having a uppermost surface and a lowermost surface;
a second semiconductor stacked layer near the lowermost surface; and
a first conductive structure made of a material different from that of the first semiconductor stacked layer and having a top surface distant from the lowermost surface, and a bottom surface formed between the uppermost surface and the lowermost surface.
14. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , further comprising a transparent layer formed on the first conductive layer.
15. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , further comprising an active layer between the first semiconductor stacked layer and the second semiconductor stacked layer.
16. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , wherein the top surface has a pattern similar to that of the bottom surface.
17. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , wherein the top surface has an elevation substantially equal to that of the uppermost surface.
18. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , wherein the first conductive structure has a height and a bottom width, wherein a ratio of the height to the bottom width is greater than 1.5.
19. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , wherein the first conductive structure has a top width and a bottom width, wherein a ratio of the top width to the bottom width is less than 0.7.
20. The semiconductor device of claim 13 , wherein the first conductive structure comprises a dot structure or a line structure.
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US20130126929A1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-05-23 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Method for manufacturing nano-imprint mould, method for manufacturing light-emitting diode using the nano imprint mould manufactured thereby, and light-emitting diode manufactured thereby |
US20130260492A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for making light emitting diodes |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008063757A1 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
DE102008063757B4 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
TW200929601A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
US20090166666A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
US8022425B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
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