US20090211538A1 - Animal management systems - Google Patents

Animal management systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090211538A1
US20090211538A1 US11/915,342 US91534206A US2009211538A1 US 20090211538 A1 US20090211538 A1 US 20090211538A1 US 91534206 A US91534206 A US 91534206A US 2009211538 A1 US2009211538 A1 US 2009211538A1
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Prior art keywords
animals
animal
distance
control devices
stimulus
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Abandoned
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US11/915,342
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English (en)
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Peter Ian Corke
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
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Priority claimed from AU2005902654A external-priority patent/AU2005902654A0/en
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Assigned to COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION reassignment COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CORKE, PETER IAN
Assigned to COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION reassignment COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENTTO CORRECT THE SPELLING OF THE ASSIGNEES ADDRESS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 021191 FRAME 0017. Assignors: CORKE, PETER IAN
Publication of US20090211538A1 publication Critical patent/US20090211538A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
    • A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
    • A01K15/021—Electronic training devices specially adapted for dogs or cats
    • A01K15/023—Anti-evasion devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
    • A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of electronically controlling and monitoring animals.
  • a number of inventions have addressed the issue of virtual fencing in general, but each of these devices rely on the presence of a central controller to determine, for example, the location of the animal, the location of virtual boundaries, when to apply and stop applying stimuli, etc. While these devices work satisfactorily, they are limited by inherencies of the detector devices used, eg the range of a GPS satellite network, locations of buried wires, location of a central transmitter and/or receiver, etc.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,923 discloses a system for controlling animals using transponders and a central transmitter. This system may also be used to separate animals by affixing transponders to the animals in order to signal when they are getting too close, as determined by the central transmitter. This system applies stimulus to animals when the distance between them is less then the minimum distance programmed, without any communication between the transponders or determination, for example, as to which animal should receive the stimulus or for how long the stimulus should be applied.
  • One objective of the present invention is to provide a system for controlling and monitoring animals that can work when a central controller is out of reach or not present at all.
  • the present invention provides a system for controlling and monitoring at least two animals, including control devices that are adapted to be fitted to said animals and arranged for communication with one another, wherein each control device includes distance and movement processor means for determining the distance of said control device relative to other control devices and for determining relative movement of said control device with respect to other control devices, and trigger signal generating means arranged to generate a trigger signal upon comparison of the determined distance and relative movement values with one or more predetermined or situation-dependent selectable distance and relative movement threshold values deviating from allowable values thereof,
  • the present invention also provides a method for localised controlling and monitoring of at least two animals, including determining the distance and relative movement of a first animal with respect to a second animal at a location of the first and/or the second animal, and selectively applying a stimulus to one or more of the animals upon comparison of the determined distance and relative movement values with one or more predetermined or situation-dependent selectable distance and relative movement threshold values deviating from allowable values thereof.
  • control devices are devised to determine and register the relative position of the steers to one another, eg the absolute distance between the animals in meters, without relying on a central controller that is separate from the devices carried by the animals. For as long as the control devices register that the determined distance is greater than say a 25 m distance, which is stored in the control devices as the threshold minimum distance, no stimulation of any of the animals will take place.
  • control devices will register and determine such movement pattern, and while the distance that is maintained between the animals does not decrease below (ie deviate from) the allowable 25 m distance, no stimulation trigger signal will be generated.
  • a trigger signal will be generated by the signal generating device of the control device carried by the charging animal only, thus commencing with application of a ‘negative’ stimulus to the steer, eg an electric shock of predetermined intensity (or of an intensity that increases once and if a further distance threshold between the animals is determined by the control device to have been under-stepped) which is aimed at stoping the animal; the stimulus may be applied only for a short period, eg as a shock stimulus, and not be re-applied if the steer stops.
  • a ‘negative’ stimulus eg an electric shock of predetermined intensity (or of an intensity that increases once and if a further distance threshold between the animals is determined by the control device to have been under-stepped) which is aimed at stoping the animal; the stimulus may be applied only for a short period, eg as a shock stimulus, and not be re-applied if the steer stops.
  • a different type of stimulus may then be applied to the stopped animal, if the steer is still within the minimum allowable distance between the animals, in order to encourage it to move away from the other steer.
  • the animal In order to allow the animal to react to different stimuli in a desired fashion, it will of course be necessary to ‘educate’ the animal to exhibit a desired behaviour in response to a given stimuli.
  • the other steer Given the aggressive nature of bulls, it is of course imperative that the other steer also be fitted with a stimulus application device so as to be able to control and monitor the behaviour of both animals.
  • the control devices may incorporate additional processor and data storage functionality as well as additional sensor devices to allow monitoring and controlling behaviour (or other environmental interaction indicators) of one or more animals as a function of these other indicators, for example an expanded system in which the control devices are programmed with animal identification data of the animal to which the device is fitted, thereby allowing implementation of a more complex set of rules upon which selective stimuli application will be based, as is explained in more detail below.
  • the system can be employed in the control and monitoring of a plurality of animals, such as herds of sheep or horses.
  • animals such as herds of sheep or horses.
  • herds of sheep or horses for example, if the herd consists of 1 stallion and 10 mares, whilst control devices of the type described above would be fitted to all animals, for monitoring purposes, it might be possible to only fit the stallion with a stimulus application device to control the herd as a unit as well as stimulate a desired or prevent an undesired interaction of the stallion with one or more of the mares within the herd.
  • control devices of the system also include processor means for determining the absolute and/or relative position of the control devices, thus enabling additional monitoring of location of the animals within a defined environment.
  • control devices themselves have the processing and storage capability for processing the determinations made and effect comparison thereof with stored predetermined allowable threshold values for relative position, distance and/or movement (ie speed and direction), thereby providing a system that is independent from a central controller in so far as real time data processing requirements are concerned.
  • the monitoring and controlling of the animals is thus performed without the need for a central controller to monitor animal behaviour (eg movement) in real time.
  • Responsibility for actively controlling interaction of the animals, by issuing stimuli application signals in response to detected animal behaviour, is effected locally at each control device.
  • a central controller may be employed to upload or download control device resident data either intermittently or continuously, and assist in computation of more elaborate behaviour normative control patterns where such are desired.
  • control devices need to have sufficient ‘independency’ or autonomy to carry out local control, but may rely on a central controller to perform more elaborate computation work on the signals provided by the different determination means. It will also be appreciated that the central controller may provide additional data to the control devices as may be required in certain circumstances.
  • the devices could be worn externally by the animal as a collar or ear tag, or implanted fully or partly, eg embodied in a micro chip implanted in the animal, with an external power source.
  • the invention was initially conceived in the context of ruminant animal control, eg. bulls in a common paddock, to prevent undesired interactions. It will be appreciated, however, that the inventive system/method can be used for other animals.
  • One possible application envisages control of humans, for instance in detention facility situations.
  • determining whether a stimulus (and strength or intensity thereof) needs to be applied to one or more of the animals may include additional attributes not related to relative position, distance and/or movement. This provides the advantage of allowing the stimulus to be applied/stopped based on a number of additional factors, such as environmental attributes, animal identity, sex, behaviour and/or posture.
  • control devices are arranged to allow data transmission along a chain of said control devices, eg so that data sampled and determined by a first control device, which is representative of a first animal's behaviour, can be passed onto control devices carried by other animals in the vicinity of the first animal.
  • the data transmitted would include a unique control device identifier, thus allowing identification of individual animals.
  • control device can be passed from control device to control device until it is within range of, for example, a data reader or data storage device which then allows sampling and storage of an animal's behaviour pattern over time by a central controller.
  • control devices may also be arranged to collect data from other sensors attached to infrastructure such as gates, water troughs, and/or water/food supplement equipment, eg such as present in farms, thereby allowing determination of a more comprehensive historical behaviour picture.
  • the data provided by these other sensors may be employed as an additional attribute upon which stimuli application may be effected on an animal.
  • the system may include one or more secondary sensors associated with the control devices for monitoring animal centric and/or environmental attributes, such as external temperature, internal temperature, etc.
  • environmental attributes such as external temperature, internal temperature, etc.
  • control devices are arranged to allow data to be acquired from and/or provided to, a selected control device.
  • a system for controlling and monitoring at least two animals including control devices that are adapted to be fitted to animals and arranged for communication with one another, wherein each control device includes:
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling and monitoring at least two animals, including at least two control devices of the types previously described, the method including the steps of:
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for the controlling and monitoring of at least two animals including at least two control devices that are adapted to be fitted to said animals and arranged for communication with one another, each control device including:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus for the virtual fencing of an animal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic flow chart illustrating steps used to determine when to apply the stimulus and when to withdraw the stimulus in operation of the apparatus of FIG. 1 .
  • the following description discusses a system, method and apparatus for controlling and monitoring animals using communication between control devices attached to the animals.
  • FIG. 1 shows in block-functional illustration, an apparatus 10 for the control and monitoring of an animal.
  • the apparatus 10 is fitted to a collar (not shown) which is worn around an animal's neck (also not shown).
  • the apparatus 10 includes a stimulus unit 12 effective for applying an electric shock, typically to the top of the animal's neck.
  • a microprocessor 14 is provided which operates in conjunction with an accelerometer 16 , the latter arranged to detect small changes in velocity of the apparatus 10 when carried by the animal.
  • the apparatus 10 also includes a communication module in the form of a transmitter/receiver 20 , which is in communication with the microprocessor 14 and transmits signals to, and receives signals from similar collars (apparatus 10 ) fitted to other animals. Signals and the strength of the signals received by the transmitter/receiver 20 are input to the microprocessor 14 which then is able to compute and determine the position of an animal relative to a target, ie another animal.
  • apparatus 10 on one animal may include only a transmitter while an apparatus 10 on another animal may include only a receiver.
  • GPS technology may be advantageously be incorporated in apparatus 10 and used in conjunction with the above methods of determining the relative position (eg distance) of the animals, to determine the actual positions of the animals within a virtual and/or physical fence.
  • Apparatus 10 also incorporates an electronic compass 18 to provide signals representative of and allow determination of the direction of small movements made by the animal. Such information is required to indicate direction (orientation) of movement patterns of the animals.
  • the apparatus 10 may optionally also include a neck angle monitor to identify and/or log when an animal's neck is, for example, pointed downward indicating that the animal is grazing or drinking water. Such additional information is of interest in seeking to identify a specific behaviour of the animals, eg allowing determination of whether a group of animals fitted with the apparatus 10 exhibit a common behaviour at a given location.
  • the apparatus 10 are devised such as to enable data, such as behavioural data, to be transmitted to, and received by closely located, similar apparatus, in a chain-like manner, in order to bring the data within range of one or more data readers or data storage devices located for example on a fixed structure or a vehicle. It will be appreciated that this data relaying function could also be used to transfer data from sensors attached to fixed infrastructure such as gates, water troughs, water or food supplement equipment commonly found in farms.
  • the system and its component apparatus 10 are further devised such that the data sampled and stored by apparatus 10 can be acquired from a specific one of the apparatus, typically by means of directional antenna “gun” which is pointed at a specific animal.
  • the directional antenna “gun” may also be used to load data onto a specific apparatus 10 , typically to change stimulation rules and/or other parameters stored in the apparatus 10 and applicable to one or more of the animals.
  • some of the data could be animal specific tag data that can be used, for example, to control the behaviour of gates, feeders or troughs.
  • the microprocessor 14 of apparatus 10 is programmed with data including the stimulation rules which must be satisfied in order for stimulus to be applied to one or more of the animals, the type of animal, logic for determining which animal(s) the stimulus is applied to, logic for calculating the duration of application of stimulus to the animal(s), and intensity data relating to the intensity at which the stimulus is to be applied when the stimulation rules are met.
  • the stimulation rules may be, for example, something as simple as solely the distance between two animals. In this way animals can be kept separate, for example, in order to avoid them mating, or induced to come together, for example, to induce mating.
  • the stimulation rules may also be more complex and may include, for example, a determination that the two animals are male and are travelling towards each other at a certain velocity, before any stimulus is applied. In this way animals such as bulls can be prevented from fighting.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example sequence of steps used to determine when to apply the stimulus to an animal and when to withdraw the stimulus.
  • the position and behaviour of the animals, including distance, velocity and direction of movement is first determined at step 30 .
  • This data is compared with threshold values that provide the predetermined stimulation rules, in step 32 .
  • the stimulation rule set can include data according to which certain individual animals are not allowed to come closer than a minimum safe interaction distance. Consequently, where it s detected that these animals are moving towards each other or one animal is moving towards the other and the minimum distance is reached, then the microprocessor 14 determines in accordance with the set rules whether stimulus needs to be applied to one or more of these animals, step 33 , and then controls the stimulus unit 12 to apply the necessary, behaviour inducing stimulus to the animals, step 34 .
  • the behaviour of the animals is monitored continuously and the applied stimulus may be maintained until it is verified that the animals have stopped, moved away from each other or another stimulation criteria is otherwise no longer satisfied, step 36 .
  • the stimulus then is removed, step 38 .
  • the position and behaviour of the animals is then re-determined as per step 30 , and the cycle repeats itself.
  • the described method and system allow for fine tuning of behavioural patterns and are easily adaptable to changed situations, given that the described predetermined stimuli rules set can adapted in simple manner (software/data base implementation) and an updated or revised set be downloaded into apparatus 10 as required.
  • the duration and intensity of stimulus required to induce certain behaviour may vary between animals of the same species.
  • animals rapidly learn to associate stimulus patterns with desired behaviour.
  • the strategy of applying stimuli only until an animal stops movement is an effective method of controlling animal movement.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Feeding And Watering For Cattle Raising And Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US11/915,342 2005-05-24 2006-05-24 Animal management systems Abandoned US20090211538A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005902654 2005-05-24
AU2005902654A AU2005902654A0 (en) 2005-05-24 Animal Management System
PCT/AU2006/000695 WO2006125264A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2006-05-24 Animal management system

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PCT/AU2006/000695 A-371-Of-International WO2006125264A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2006-05-24 Animal management system

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US13/270,041 Continuation US20120024238A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2011-10-10 Animal management systems

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US11/915,342 Abandoned US20090211538A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2006-05-24 Animal management systems
US13/270,041 Abandoned US20120024238A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2011-10-10 Animal management systems
US13/908,550 Abandoned US20130333631A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2013-06-03 Animal management systems
US14/453,827 Active US10091973B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2014-08-07 Animal management systems

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US13/908,550 Abandoned US20130333631A1 (en) 2005-05-24 2013-06-03 Animal management systems
US14/453,827 Active US10091973B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2014-08-07 Animal management systems

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US (4) US20090211538A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1887856B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101222842B (de)
AR (1) AR053485A1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0611496B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2609449C (de)
MX (1) MX2007014767A (de)
NZ (1) NZ564365A (de)
WO (1) WO2006125264A1 (de)

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US20120000431A1 (en) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-05 Kamran Khoshkish Electronic Pet Containment System
US20160287127A1 (en) * 2015-04-06 2016-10-06 Forest Devices, Inc. Neuorological condition detection unit and method of using the same
US20160345543A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2016-12-01 Smartbow Gmbh Method For Locating Animals
US11035924B2 (en) * 2015-06-12 2021-06-15 Smartbow Gmbh Method for locating animals using radio waves

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GB2427533B (en) * 2005-06-28 2010-02-17 Adam Mills Device for controlling horse behaviour
FR2922722B1 (fr) * 2007-10-29 2010-02-19 Lacme Holding "dispositif de gardiennage pour animal de grande taille"
CN102499110A (zh) * 2011-11-19 2012-06-20 周良勇 用于对动物的行走方向进行干预及控制的装置
US10098324B2 (en) * 2015-04-09 2018-10-16 Jonathan O. Baize Herd control method and system
CN106709809A (zh) * 2016-11-22 2017-05-24 天津元章科技有限公司 一种牲畜管理***中牲畜群体分类***及其分类方法
US20210144965A1 (en) * 2018-04-18 2021-05-20 Sony Corporation Tag with detachment detection feature
WO2019209712A1 (en) * 2018-04-22 2019-10-31 Vence, Corp. Livestock management system and method
WO2020062154A1 (zh) * 2018-09-29 2020-04-02 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 检测科研用动物行为的方法和***
CN109380142B (zh) * 2018-11-03 2021-01-26 王泽桦 一种提高动物肉质的方法
NL2025351B1 (nl) * 2020-04-15 2021-10-26 Nedap Nv Label geschikt is om te worden gedragen door een dier, en positioneringssysteem voorzien van een label.
CN112335558B (zh) * 2020-11-05 2022-08-02 新余学院 一种牲畜疾控自动监测防控装置
WO2022140491A1 (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 Dannenberg Alexander Henry Use of aversive stimulus collars to deter physical confrontations between livestock
US20230086838A1 (en) * 2021-09-17 2023-03-23 Corral Technologies, LLC Virtual livestock management

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US20120000431A1 (en) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-05 Kamran Khoshkish Electronic Pet Containment System
US20160345543A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2016-12-01 Smartbow Gmbh Method For Locating Animals
US10568303B2 (en) * 2014-02-14 2020-02-25 Smartbow Gmbh Method for locating animals
US11140875B2 (en) * 2014-02-14 2021-10-12 Smartbow Gmbh Method for locating animals
US20160287127A1 (en) * 2015-04-06 2016-10-06 Forest Devices, Inc. Neuorological condition detection unit and method of using the same
US10456059B2 (en) * 2015-04-06 2019-10-29 Forest Devices, Inc. Neuorological condition detection unit and method of using the same
US11035924B2 (en) * 2015-06-12 2021-06-15 Smartbow Gmbh Method for locating animals using radio waves

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CA2609449A1 (en) 2006-11-30
WO2006125264A1 (en) 2006-11-30
CA2609449C (en) 2012-12-04
US10091973B2 (en) 2018-10-09
EP1887856B1 (de) 2017-12-27
US20140345539A1 (en) 2014-11-27
AR053485A1 (es) 2007-05-09
CN101222842B (zh) 2011-07-20
BRPI0611496A2 (pt) 2011-02-22
BRPI0611496B1 (pt) 2018-09-25
US20120024238A1 (en) 2012-02-02
US20130333631A1 (en) 2013-12-19
NZ564365A (en) 2010-09-30
EP1887856A1 (de) 2008-02-20
WO2006125264A8 (en) 2007-05-31
EP1887856A4 (de) 2011-08-03
MX2007014767A (es) 2008-02-14
CN101222842A (zh) 2008-07-16

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