US20070209349A1 - Method And Device For Introducing A Reagent Into An Exhaust Gas Channel Of An Internal Combustion Engine - Google Patents
Method And Device For Introducing A Reagent Into An Exhaust Gas Channel Of An Internal Combustion Engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070209349A1 US20070209349A1 US11/578,383 US57838305A US2007209349A1 US 20070209349 A1 US20070209349 A1 US 20070209349A1 US 57838305 A US57838305 A US 57838305A US 2007209349 A1 US2007209349 A1 US 2007209349A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- reagent substance
- parameter
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
Definitions
- the invention concerns a procedure for the introduction of a reagent substance in an exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine and a device for implementation of the procedure according to the class of the independent claims.
- German patent DE 101 39 142 A1 an exhaust gas after treatment system of an internal combustion engine is described; whereby in order to decrease the NOx emissions, a SCR-catalytic converter (Selective-Catalytic-Reduction) is employed which reduces the nitrogen oxides NO and NO 2 with the reducing agent ammonia.
- the ammonia is obtained from a urea water solution in an hydrolysis catalytic converter located upstream from the SCR-catalytic converter.
- the hydrolysis catalytic converter converts the urea contained in the urea water solution to ammonia and carbon dioxide. To assure an exact metering, provision is made to ascertain the concentration of the urea water solution.
- the urea water solution is brought to a predetermined pressure using a pump.
- a metering valve fixes a predetermined rate of flow.
- Compressed air is mixed in with the reagent substance in a mixing chamber.
- the urea water solution is sprayed together with the added air into the exhaust gas in such a way, that a largely even, consistent flow into the SCR-catalytic converter is achieved. If need be flow elements like deflection plates are to be provided.
- an exhaust gas after treatment system of an internal combustion engine whereby a SCR-catalytic converter is employed to decrease the NO x emissions.
- the amount of urea water solution, which is measured out, is determined based on an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, for example, the amount of fuel injected and/or the number of revolutions per minute and at least one parameter of the exhaust, for example the exhaust temperature.
- German patent DE 100 65 105 A1 a procedure is specified that provides for the modeling of an exhaust temperature of an internal combustion engine.
- the exhaust temperature is calculated as a function of an air signal, that is supplied by an air sensor and as a function of the number of revolutions per minute.
- the task underlying the invention is to specify a procedure for the introduction of a reagent substance into an exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine and a device for implementation of the procedure, which allows for an exact as possible metering of a reagent substance and a high utilization of the catalytic converter.
- the procedural approach of the invention allows for the achievement of a good atomization and an even, continuous distribution of the reagent substance in the exhaust gas flow before at least one catalytic converter.
- the reagent substance strikes the entire surface area, which the catalytic converter has facing the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas.
- the reagent substance can, therefore, reach the entire available catalytic surface area within the catalytic converter.
- the procedural approach according to the invention allows, therefore, for the best possible utilization of the catalytic surface made available by the catalytic converter. By way of the efficient utilization of the catalytic converter, the desired cleaning of the exhaust is achieved with the least possible amount of reagent substance.
- An embodiment allows for the use of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustions engine as a characteristic parameter.
- An air signal for example, is well suited to be an operating parameter. Additionally or alternatively a torque and/or a fuel signal can respectively be used in conjunction with the number of revolutions per minute.
- the one or more operating parameters are known to the control unit. Additional sensors will not be necessary.
- An embodiment allows for the use of one parameter of the exhaust as the characteristic parameter.
- the volume of exhaust gas flow is suitable as a parameter of the exhaust.
- the knowledge of the exhaust gas temperature alone is, for example, sufficient.
- the one or more parameters of the exhaust gas can be ascertained from the known operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. Additional sensors are also not necessary in this case. If need be, provision can be made for and exhaust gas temperature sensor to record the exhaust gas temperature. The measured exhaust gas temperature can be used to authenticate the calculated exhaust gas temperature.
- the reagent substance temperature can, for example, be estimated on the basis of a temperature signal of an existing temperature sensor, which records the air temperature.
- a reagent substance temperature sensor is employed.
- the FIGURE shows an internal combustion engine, in whose environment a procedure according to the invention is operating.
- the FIGURE shows an internal combustion engine 10 in whose intake area and air sensor 11 and in whose exhaust duct 12 a spray device 13 , an exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 as well as a catalytic converter are disposed.
- the control unit 20 receives at its disposal an air signal mL supplied by the air sensor 11 , a number of revolutions per minute N supplied by the internal combustion engine 10 , an exhaust gas temperature Tabglw measured by the exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 , a reagent substance pressure actual value pRealw supplied by a reagent substance pressure sensor 21 , a compressed air pressure actual value pDLlw supplied by a compressed air pressure sensor 22 , a reagent substance temperature TRea supplied by a reagent substance temperature sensor 23 as well as a torque set point mifa.
- the control unit 20 emits a fuel signal mK to the internal combustion engine 10 , a metering valve activation signal qRea to a metering valve 30 , a reagent substance pump activation signal 31 to a reagent substance pump 32 and a compressed air regulating valve activation signal 33 to a compressed air regulating valve 34 .
- the control unit 20 contains a first functional block 41 to ascertain the exhaust gas speed vabg, a second functional block 42 to ascertain the exhaust gas pressure pabg, a third functional block 43 to ascertain a calculated exhaust gas temperature TabgR and a fourth functional block 44 to ascertain a torque Md.
- the control unit 20 additionally contains a reagent substance pressure set point setting 50 , which emits a reagent substance pressure set point pReaSw to a reagent substance pump trigger (activation) 51 , which supplies the reagent substance pump activation signal 31 , and also contains a compressed air pressure set point setting 52 , which emits a compressed air set point pDLSW to a compressed air regulating valve trigger (activation) 53 , which supplies the compressed air regulating valve activation signal 33 .
- a reagent substance pressure set point setting 50 which emits a reagent substance pressure set point pReaSw to a reagent substance pump trigger (activation) 51 , which supplies the reagent substance pump activation signal 31
- a compressed air pressure set point setting 52 which emits a compressed air set point pDLSW to a compressed air regulating valve trigger (activation) 53 , which supplies the compressed air regulating valve activation signal 33 .
- the reagent substance temperature sensor 23 records the temperature of a reagent substance stored in a reagent substance container 60 .
- the compressed air regulating valve 34 adjusts the compressed air set point pDLSw of a compressed air, which is available in a compressed air container 61 .
- the compressed air passes through a super critical choke 62 and a check valve 63 and moves thereafter into a mixer 64 , which mixes the compressed air with the reagent substance introduced by the metering valve 30 .
- the mixer 64 is connected to the spray device 13 .
- the catalytic converter 15 which is disposed in the exhaust area of the internal combustion engine 10 is preferably a SCR-catalytic converter which reduced the nitrogen oxides NO and NO 2 contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen.
- the SCR-catalytic converter 15 needs ammonia for the reduction reaction.
- the ammonia can be obtained from a urea water solution in an hydrolysis catalytic converter which is disposed upstream from the SCR catalytic converter and is not depicted.
- the solution is then introduced into the exhaust gas flow with a spray device 13 .
- the urea water solution is an example of a reagent substance.
- the reagent substance stored in the reagent tank 60 is brought to the reagent substance pressure set point pReaSw of, for example, 4 bar by a reagent substance pump 32 and subsequently fed to the metering valve 30 .
- the amount of reagent substance/unit of time is predetermined by the metering valve activation signal qRea.
- the control unit 20 can ascertain the metering valve activation signal qRea from a predetermined engine characteristic map, which is constructed from the number of revolutions per minute N and the fuel signal mK or which is constructed from the number of revolutions per minute and the torque Md.
- the metering valve activation signal qRea induces the metering valve 30 , for example, to provide clearance of a certain opening width for the reagent substance.
- the mixer 64 the reagent substance is mixed with compressed air.
- the compressed air is limited to a pressure of, for example, 8 bar in the pressure regulating valve 34 .
- the pressure after the super critical choke 62 is to be fixed to a value, which is sufficient enough, that the check valve 63 in front of the mixer 64 is opened and the compressed air can penetrate into the mixer 64 .
- a pressure of, for example, 4.6 bar emerges. Taking into account the pressure drop at the check valve 63 of, for example, 0.6 bar, the compressed air pressure in the mixer 64 amounts to ultimately 4 bar.
- the torque Md is established as a function of torque set point mifa and as a function of known parameters of the internal combustion engine 10 according to the state of the art named at the beginning of the application.
- the preset (predetermined) reagent substance pressure set point pReaSw and if necessary preset (predetermined) compressed air set point pDLSw are preferably assessed in such a manner, that after the spray device 13 a good atomization and an even, continuous distribution of the reagent substance are achieved over the cross section of the exhaust duct 12 . In so doing, the size of the reagent substance droplets play a role.
- the pressure of the reagent substance stored in the reagent substance container 60 can by way of a respective fixing of the reagent substance pump activation signal 31 in the reagent substance pump trigger (activation) 51 be brought to a preset (predetermined) reagent substance set point pReaSw, which, for example can amount to 4 bar.
- a preset (predetermined) reagent substance set point pReaSw which, for example can amount to 4 bar.
- the reagent substance pressure actual value pRealw can be recorded by the reagent substance pressure sensor 21 and then provided to the reagent substance trigger (activation) 51 for the implementation of the regulation.
- the compressed air pressure of the compressed air built-up in the compressed air container 61 can additionally be fixed to a preset (predetermined) reagent substance pressure set point pReaSw before its introduction into the mixing chamber 64 .
- a compressed air regulating valve 34 is provided for the fixing of the compressed air pressure. This regulating valve is activated by the compressed air regulating valve activation signal 33 which is supplied by the compressed air pressure trigger (activation) 53 .
- the compressed air pressure actual value pDLlw can be recorded by the compressed air pressure sensor 22 and fed to the compressed air pressure trigger (activation) 53 to implement the regulation.
- At least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine 10 is suitable as a parameter to establish the reagent substance set point pDLSw and if need be to establish the compressed air pressure set point pDLSw.
- the air signal mL can already alone be used in this regard.
- the torque Md as well as the fuel signal mK are both suitable when used respectively in combination with the number of revolutions per minute N.
- the last named combinations of at least two operating parameters mL, mK are especially suitable.
- a one- or multidimensional connection is produced between the individual operating parameters N, mL, Md, mK and the set point(s) which is (are) to be preset, namely the reagent substance pressure set point pReaSw and if need be the compressed air pressure set point pDLSw.
- the operating parameters N, mL, Md, rnK which have been named, have an influence on the parameters of the exhaust gas.
- Parameters of the exhaust gas are exhaust gas speed vabg, respectively the exhaust gas volume flow, the exhaust gas pressure pabg and, for example, the exhaust gas temperature TabgR, Tabglw.
- the parameters vabg, pabg, TabgR of the exhaust gas can be ascertained in the functional blocks 41 , 42 , 43 , which are inscribed inside of the control unit 20 , from known operating parameters N, mL, Md, mK.
- the exhaust gas speed vabg can already be ascertained from the air signal mL in the first functional block 41 . If need be, the fuel signal mK can be taken with it into consideration.
- the exhaust gas pressure pabg can be ascertained from the exhaust gas speed vabg in the second functional block 42 .
- the exhaust gas speed vabg and/or the exhaust gas backpressure pabg are preferably ascertained on the basis of a two dimensional engine characteristic map, which is constructed from the number of revolutions per minute N and from the fuel signal mK or from the number of revolutions per minute N and from the air signal mL.
- the charging-air pressure and/or charging temperature can be taken into consideration.
- the exhaust gas temperature TabgR which is ascertained in the third functional block 43 , has, furthermore, an influence on the atomization of the reagent substance.
- the exhaust temperature TabgR might particularly have an influence on the size of the droplets of the reagent substance.
- the ascertainment can, for example, be carried out according to the German patent DE 100 65 125 A1 named at the beginning of the application, according to which the exhaust gas temperature TabgR is modeled from the number of revolutions per minute N and the air signal mL.
- the parameters of the exhaust which have been described up till now, are ascertained in the functional blocks 41 , 42 , 43 from the operating parameters N, mL, Md, mK of the internal combustion engine 10 .
- the parameters of the exhaust can be alternatively or additionally measured with sensors.
- the exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 can be employed to measure the exhaust gas temperature, which passes on the exhaust gas temperature actual value Tabglw to the control unit 20 .
- the exhaust gas pressure could be measured with an exhaust gas pressure sensor, which is not depicted.
- the reagent substance temperature TRea which the reagent temperature sensor 23 records, can be taken into consideration.
- the temperature sensor can be disposed in the reagent substance tank 60 .
- the reagent substance temperature TRea corresponds generally to the ambient air temperature, which can be measured by a temperature sensor, which is not depicted. In this case, the additional reagent substance temperature sensor 23 can be omitted.
- the reagent substance is mixed with compressed air in the mixer 64 before being introduced into the exhaust duct 12 .
- the procedural approach according to the invention can, of course, also be employed in systems without the support of compressed air.
- the metering valve 30 can be mounted directly at the exhaust duct 12 , so that the metering valve 30 will be identical to the spray device 13 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004018221.3 | 2004-04-15 | ||
DE102004018221A DE102004018221A1 (de) | 2004-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Reagenzmittels in einen Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
PCT/EP2005/051142 WO2005099874A1 (de) | 2004-04-15 | 2005-03-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einbringen eines reagenzmittels in einen abgaskanal einer brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070209349A1 true US20070209349A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
Family
ID=34961405
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/578,383 Abandoned US20070209349A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2005-03-14 | Method And Device For Introducing A Reagent Into An Exhaust Gas Channel Of An Internal Combustion Engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070209349A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1737559A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2007531843A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102004018221A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005099874A1 (ja) |
Cited By (15)
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US20080289495A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Peter Eisenberger | System and Method for Removing Carbon Dioxide From an Atmosphere and Global Thermostat Using the Same |
US20090199537A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Methods to protect selective catalyst reducer aftertreatment devices during uncontrolled diesel particulate filter regeneration |
US20100064664A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-18 | Joris Fokkelman | Method for checking the seal of a reagent injector |
US20100319322A1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2010-12-23 | Huethwohl Georg | Metering system for injecting a urea solution into the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine |
US20110041688A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2011-02-24 | Peter Eisenberger | Carbon Dioxide Capture/Regeneration Structures and Techniques |
US20120012298A1 (en) * | 2010-07-18 | 2012-01-19 | Taylor Scott A | Method and Appratus for Heating an Aqueous Mixture to Vaporization |
US8500861B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2013-08-06 | Peter Eisenberger | Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using co-generation |
US8500855B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2013-08-06 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration |
US8528390B2 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2013-09-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for metering a reagent into an exhaust gas duct and device for carrying out the method |
US9028592B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2015-05-12 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration CO2 mixtures |
US9427726B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 | 2016-08-30 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Vapor phase methods of forming supported highly branched polyamines |
US20160376973A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of diagnosing failure of scr system |
US9908080B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2018-03-06 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and global thermostat using the same |
US9925488B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2018-03-27 | Peter Eisenberger | Rotating multi-monolith bed movement system for removing CO2 from the atmosphere |
US11059024B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2021-07-13 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Supported poly(allyl)amine and derivatives for CO2 capture from flue gas or ultra-dilute gas streams such as ambient air or admixtures thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004043366A1 (de) * | 2004-09-08 | 2006-03-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Reagenzmittels in einen Abgasbereich einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102004050989B4 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2015-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102004056412B4 (de) * | 2004-11-23 | 2016-06-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102004061247B4 (de) | 2004-12-20 | 2024-03-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102005001119B4 (de) * | 2005-01-10 | 2018-02-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102005009464B4 (de) | 2005-03-02 | 2016-07-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Systems zur Dosierung von Reagenzmittel und Druckluft in den Abgasbereich einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102006005863B4 (de) * | 2006-02-09 | 2015-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102006013293B4 (de) * | 2006-03-23 | 2016-08-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
JP4867675B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-23 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社デンソー | 還元剤供給装置 |
US8635854B2 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-01-28 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Reductant injection control system |
DE102019007085B4 (de) * | 2019-10-12 | 2023-05-11 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Förder-Dosiersystems für ein Fluid, Förder-Dosiersystem und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem derartigen Förder-Dosiersystem |
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DE10346220A1 (de) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-04-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasnachbehandlungssystem |
-
2004
- 2004-04-15 DE DE102004018221A patent/DE102004018221A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-03-14 WO PCT/EP2005/051142 patent/WO2005099874A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-03-14 EP EP05717025A patent/EP1737559A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-14 JP JP2007506754A patent/JP2007531843A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-14 US US11/578,383 patent/US20070209349A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20110041688A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2011-02-24 | Peter Eisenberger | Carbon Dioxide Capture/Regeneration Structures and Techniques |
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US20090199537A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Methods to protect selective catalyst reducer aftertreatment devices during uncontrolled diesel particulate filter regeneration |
US9057304B2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2015-06-16 | Albonair Gmbh | Metering system for injecting a urea solution into the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine |
US20100319322A1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2010-12-23 | Huethwohl Georg | Metering system for injecting a urea solution into the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine |
US8561387B2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2013-10-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for checking the seal of a reagent injector |
US20100064664A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-18 | Joris Fokkelman | Method for checking the seal of a reagent injector |
US9028592B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2015-05-12 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration CO2 mixtures |
US9925488B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2018-03-27 | Peter Eisenberger | Rotating multi-monolith bed movement system for removing CO2 from the atmosphere |
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US9433896B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2016-09-06 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration |
US10413866B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2019-09-17 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration |
US8500855B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2013-08-06 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration |
US9630143B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2017-04-25 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration utilizing an improved substrate structure |
US9878286B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2018-01-30 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration |
US9975087B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2018-05-22 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration CO2 mixtures |
US20120012298A1 (en) * | 2010-07-18 | 2012-01-19 | Taylor Scott A | Method and Appratus for Heating an Aqueous Mixture to Vaporization |
US8528390B2 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2013-09-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for metering a reagent into an exhaust gas duct and device for carrying out the method |
US9427726B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 | 2016-08-30 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Vapor phase methods of forming supported highly branched polyamines |
US11059024B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2021-07-13 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Supported poly(allyl)amine and derivatives for CO2 capture from flue gas or ultra-dilute gas streams such as ambient air or admixtures thereof |
US9890685B2 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2018-02-13 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of diagnosing failure of SCR system |
US20160376973A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of diagnosing failure of scr system |
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WO2005099874A1 (de) | 2005-10-27 |
JP2007531843A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
DE102004018221A1 (de) | 2005-11-10 |
EP1737559A1 (de) | 2007-01-03 |
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