US20070074792A1 - Method for producing helical springs or stabilizers - Google Patents

Method for producing helical springs or stabilizers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070074792A1
US20070074792A1 US10/551,538 US55153804A US2007074792A1 US 20070074792 A1 US20070074792 A1 US 20070074792A1 US 55153804 A US55153804 A US 55153804A US 2007074792 A1 US2007074792 A1 US 2007074792A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
temperature
rod
rods
transformation
over
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/551,538
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans Vondracek
Hans DziemBalla
Lutz Manke
Alexander Borowikow
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ThyssenKrupp Technologies AG
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ThyssenKrupp Automotive AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Assigned to THYSSENKRUPP AUTOMOTIVE AG reassignment THYSSENKRUPP AUTOMOTIVE AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOROWIKOW, ALEXANDER, DZIEMBALLA, HANS, MANKE, LUTZ, VONDRACEK, HANS
Publication of US20070074792A1 publication Critical patent/US20070074792A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F3/00—Coiling wire into particular forms
    • B21F3/02—Coiling wire into particular forms helically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F7/00—Twisting wire; Twisting wire together
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of the introductory portion of claim 1 for producing coil springs or stabilizers from the steel.
  • a method for continuously hardening and tempering steel wire is disclosed in DE 43 40 568 C2 and contains the following steps:
  • the wire can be rolled closely above the Ac3 temperature.
  • the wire is ovalized in a first roll pass, rolled round in the second roll pass and subsequently drawn through a calibrating die.
  • the DE 196 37 968 C2 discloses a method for the high temperature, thermomechanical production of spring leaves for leaf springs and/or leaf spring linkages.
  • the method is based on a two-step thermomechanical, production of parabolic springs and comprises the following steps:
  • the DE 198 39 383 C2 discloses a method for the thermomechanical treatment of steel for torsionally stressed spring elements, wherein the starting material is worked at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature and then reshaped at such a temperature above the recrystallization temperature in at least two transformation steps, that a dynamic and/or static recrystallization of the austenite results.
  • the austenite of the converted product, so recrystallized, is quenched and annealed.
  • a silicon-chromium steel is to be used, which has a carbon content of 0.35 to 0.75% and is inicroalloyed with vanadium or other alloying element.
  • thermomechanical treatment of objects consisting of steel are based essentially on multiple converting steps, repeated cooling and heating of the starting material being necessary in order to produce the parameters obtained later on in the end product.
  • the starting material is first heated to a temperature above the recrystallization temperature and subsequently the temperature is equalized over the entire length of the rod. Furthermore, the temperature, to which the rod is heated, is kept constant virtually up to the entry of the rod into the roll gap.
  • a highly uniform structure of the rod is sought, both over its length and over its cross section, before it enters the roll gap.
  • the structural stretching in this marginal zone, caused by the transformation is especially greatly pronounced and the structural alignment corresponds to the transformation direction and also extends at an angle to the axis of the rolled material.
  • the dynamic recrystallization process takes place with special intensity in this marginal zone, so that a gradient of the degree of recrystallization from the outside to the inside may be noted over the cross section of the rod.
  • the static recrystallization is completed and leads to the formation of fine-grained austenite, especially in the marginal zone.
  • the marginal zone is characterized by a fine martensite structure of great strength.
  • the invention has considerable advantages over the solutions known from the state of the art.
  • the treated rods have a strength profile over their cross section, which reaches its maximum values in the marginal area.
  • the direction of the twist of the structure produced by the skew rolling in the marginal region of the round rods corresponds to the main direction of stress of a component subjected to torsion, and the property features developed by the rods as a result thus provide optimum prerequisites for their use especially in the spring industry.
  • the distribution of structures over the cross section of the rod produced by the inventive method results in a property profile in the completely processed round rods, which is adequate for the stress profile over the cross section of the rod during bending and torsional stresses.
  • Stabilizers or coil springs, produced from such a steel may have a lesser weight for the same load.
  • inventive method is distinguished therefore from known methods not only by an improvement in the stress-oriented strength and toughness properties of the finished product, but also by economic advantages offered by the minimal number of process steps.
  • the starting material in the form of round rods, is heated inductively at a rate of 100° to 400° K/s to a temperature between 700° and 1100° C. Subsequently, the heating temperature of the rod is equalized over its length during a period of at least 10 seconds. With that, it is ensured that the temperature difference does not exceed 5° K over the length of the rod.
  • the heating temperature of the rod is kept constant until it enters the roll gap.
  • the transformation itself is performed by skew rolling in a single step, in which the rods run through the roll gap, remaining straight. Depending on the quality of the starting material, the transformation is carried out preferably at a temperature ranging from 700° to 1150° C.
  • the targeted setting of the rolling parameters such as the rotational speed of the rolls and the rate of feed, and by the special selection of roll contours with specific angular relationships, it is brought about that the maximum transformation in the marginal region is between 0.65 and 1.0 of the diameter of the rods, and that a desired transformation gradient is established over the cross section of the rod.
  • the skew rolling process is controlled so that a maximum local temperature increase of 50° K is not exceeded in the rolled material.
  • the differentiated structural formation across the cross section of the rolled material is furthermore additionally intensified by a typical peculiarity of skew rolling. Since the direction of transformation runs at an angle to the axis of the rolled material in skew rolling, a striking stretching of structure occurs especially in the marginal areas of the material rolled due to the greater degree of transformation corresponding to the direction of transformation. The structure is also stretched at an angle to the axis of the rolled material and leads to a twisting of the material in the marginal zones. In the course of the inventive process, the direction of the twisting of the structure in the marginal region of the rods is 35 to 65 degrees of angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rod and thus corresponds to the main direction of stress of a component subjected to torsion.
  • the entire length of the rod being rolled runs through a roll gap of constant geometry. This procedure is selected whenever rods with uniform diameter over their entire length are to be produced.
  • the inventive method furthermore makes an alternative variation of the process possible, in which the roll gap geometry is varied in the operating state while the rod to be rolled is passing though the roll gap. This flexible manner of operation is achieved with a skew roll stand, the rolls of which can be adjusted in the axial and/or radial direction as needed during the transformation.
  • the inventive method thus permits round rods to be produced, the diameter of which varies over the length of the rods.
  • the skew-rolled rods are subjected to reheating at a temperature above Ac3 in such a manner, that the temperature difference over the length of a rod is limited to 5° K.
  • the rods, skew-rolled and reheated to the recrystallization temperature are either coiled hot to form coil springs or bent to form a stabilizer.
  • the coiled or bent components are then hardened and afterward tempered.
  • Rods which are intended for manufacturing torsion bar springs, are mechanically worked at their ends in the cold state after reheating, then heated to above Ac3 , quenched and tempered.
  • Macro-examinations of the finished rods show a typical distribution of structures over the cross sections of the rods as a consequence of the inventive combination of skew rolling and heat treatment.
  • the immediate marginal zone has fine-grained martensite structure of high strength.
  • the marginal area has a continuous stretching of structure extending at an angle to the axis of the rod, the direction of twist corresponding to the main direction of tension of a torsionally stressed component
  • the mixed pearlite-martensite structures of the core zone are coarser than the structures in the marginal area and exhibit no twisting phenomena.
  • round rods of spring steel preferably silicon-chromium steels with carbon contents of less than 0.8%, are used as starting material in the inventive method.
  • these steels can be micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium
  • the inventive object is represented by an embodiment in the drawing and is described as follows.
  • the sole FIGURE shows the diagrammatic arrangement of a continuous working line for the inventive thermomechanical treatment of round steel rods of a silicon-chromium steel.
  • the rods to be treated are heated in an induction apparatus 1 to a temperature above the recrystallization temperature, while their structure is austenitized.
  • the round steel rods are heated at a rate of 130° K/s to a temperature of 980° C.
  • an equalization furnace 2 following the induction apparatus 1 the heating temperature of the rods is equalized over a period of 15 s, so that the course of the temperature over the length of the rods has a gradient of 4° K.
  • the round steel rods heated to 980° C.
  • the ratio of the starting diameter to the finished diameter is chosen so that the average degree of stretching X is 1 . 5 and that the maximum transformation ⁇ is at least 0.3.
  • rolling parameters such as the roller speed or the rate of feed and by the special selection of roller contours with specific angular relationships, the maximum transformation in the marginal region between 0.65 and 1.0 of the diameter of the rods is achieved and thus a desired transformation gradient is established over the cross section of the rod.
  • the rolling parameters are coordinated with one another so that a maximum local temperature increase of 50° K due to the transformation process is not exceeded in the material rolled.
  • the direction of transformation at an angle to the rolling axis during the skew rolling produces in the marginal regions of the material rolled a pronounced stretching of its structure because of the greater transformation.
  • this stretching of structure likewise runs at an angle to the axis of the rolled material and, in the marginal regions of the rods, results in a twisting of the material.
  • the direction of the twisting of the structure, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rods amounts to 35 to 65 degrees of angle and thus corresponds to the main direction of stress of a component subjected to torsion.
  • the rolled rods After they exit from the skew rolling stand 4 , the rolled rods pass into a reheating furnace 5 downstream from the stand, in which they are reheated above the Ac3 temperature to assure complete static recrystallization.
  • the rods are transported through the reheating furnace 5 by means of a roller conveyor 8 .
  • the skew-rolled rods After leaving the reheating furnace 5 the skew-rolled rods are transported further on a transfer roller conveyor 9 . From this transfer roller conveyor 9 , the rods are delivered to the rest of the intended processing steps.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a production line for producing wound coil springs. Accordingly, the rods are passed over the transfer roller conveyor 9 to a lift table 10 and pass from there into a CNC winding bench 11 , where the hot winding to coil springs takes place after the recrystallization. After the winding process, the rods, now wound into coil springs, are transferred to a hardening vat 12 , in which they are quenched and their structure is converted to martensite. The hardened coil springs are then subjected to a tempering treatment, which is not shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US10/551,538 2003-04-04 2004-05-03 Method for producing helical springs or stabilizers Abandoned US20070074792A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10315419A DE10315419B3 (de) 2003-04-04 2003-04-04 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern oder Stabilisatoren
DE10315419.1 2003-04-04
PCT/EP2004/002280 WO2004087367A2 (de) 2003-04-04 2004-03-05 Verfahren zum herstellen von schraubenfedern oder stabilisatoren

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070074792A1 true US20070074792A1 (en) 2007-04-05

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US10/551,538 Abandoned US20070074792A1 (en) 2003-04-04 2004-05-03 Method for producing helical springs or stabilizers

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US20070074792A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1613449B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4518415B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100776954B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100385020C (de)
AT (1) ATE556153T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0408916B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2519764A1 (de)
DE (1) DE10315419B3 (de)
ES (1) ES2386720T3 (de)
MX (1) MXPA05009831A (de)
PL (1) PL1613449T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2004087367A2 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120047741A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2012-03-01 Dae Won Kang Up Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing coil spring using helicoid reduction mill
US8912472B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2014-12-16 Barnes Group Inc. Induction heating of springs
US10359090B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2019-07-23 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Compression coil spring and method for producing same
PL445934A1 (pl) * 2023-08-29 2024-03-25 Towes Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Sposób wytwarzania sprężyn, zwłaszcza o ponadnormatywnych parametrach

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DE102005038772B4 (de) * 2005-08-15 2013-04-18 Heraeus Materials Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Draht aus oxiddispersionsgehärteten Pt-lr- und anderen Legierungen mit verbesserter Oberfläche für Zündkerzenelektroden
DE102006010526A1 (de) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines federelastischen Bauelementes
DE102009036512B3 (de) * 2009-08-07 2011-06-16 Schomäcker Federnwerk GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Parabellenkern und Parabelfedern für insbesondere Fahrzeugchassis, Fahrzeugaufbauten und dgl.
CN101786221B (zh) * 2010-02-24 2012-07-04 钱江弹簧（北京）有限公司 弧形弹簧的加工方法
DE102011112077B4 (de) 2011-09-01 2013-04-11 ThyssenKrupp Federn und Stabilisatoren GmbH Fertigungsanlage zur Herstellung von Produkten aus zylindrischen Metallstäben
CN103949856B (zh) * 2014-04-25 2016-06-01 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 一种提高拉伸弹簧力值的方法
CN106795576B (zh) 2014-09-04 2018-11-09 蒂森克虏伯弹簧与稳定器有限责任公司 用于生产冷成型的钢弹簧的方法
JP5923155B2 (ja) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-24 日本発條株式会社 スタビライザ製造装置およびその方法
CN106282520B (zh) * 2016-08-03 2018-07-10 浙江玛斯特汽配有限公司 一种扭杆弹簧形变热处理工艺
CN110640398B (zh) * 2019-09-05 2020-12-29 安徽东华弹簧有限公司 一种汽车电动尾门弹簧的加工工艺

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US2261878A (en) * 1939-09-11 1941-11-04 L A Young Spring & Wire Corp Method of manufacturing coil springs
US6458226B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2002-10-01 Muhr Und Bender Process for the thermomechanical treatment of steel

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JP2913115B2 (ja) * 1990-10-03 1999-06-28 住友金属工業株式会社 超微細組織を有する棒鋼の製造法
JP2662122B2 (ja) * 1990-11-15 1997-10-08 新日本製鐵株式会社 円形断面材の製造方法
DE4340568C2 (de) * 1993-11-29 1996-04-18 Sendner Thermo Tec Anlagen Gmb Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Vergüten von Stahldraht
ES2159662T3 (es) * 1995-07-06 2001-10-16 Benteler Werke Ag Tubos para la fabricacion de estabilizadores y fabricacion de estabilizadores a partir de dichos tubos.
DE19546204C1 (de) * 1995-12-11 1997-03-20 Max Planck Inst Eisenforschung Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochfesten Gegenständen aus einem Vergütungsstahl und Anwendung dieses Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Federn
DE19637968C2 (de) * 1996-09-18 2002-05-16 Univ Freiberg Bergakademie Verfahren zur hochtemperatur-thermomechanischen Herstellung von Federblättern für Blattfedern und/oder Blattfederlenkern
EP0904860A3 (de) * 1997-09-30 2000-07-05 Firma Muhr und Bender Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von bikonischem Draht
DE19839383C2 (de) * 1998-07-20 2001-04-19 Muhr & Bender Verfahren zur thermomechanischen Behandlung von Stahl für torsionsbeanspruchte Federelemente
JP3844622B2 (ja) * 1999-06-17 2006-11-15 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼棒線材の製造方法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2261878A (en) * 1939-09-11 1941-11-04 L A Young Spring & Wire Corp Method of manufacturing coil springs
US6458226B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2002-10-01 Muhr Und Bender Process for the thermomechanical treatment of steel

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120047741A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2012-03-01 Dae Won Kang Up Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing coil spring using helicoid reduction mill
US8438733B2 (en) * 2009-05-19 2013-05-14 Dae Won Kang Up Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing coil spring using helicoid reduction mill
EP2282855A4 (de) * 2009-05-19 2016-10-12 Dae Won Kang Up Co Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung einer spulenfeder mithilfe einer spiralförmigen reduktionsfräse
US8912472B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2014-12-16 Barnes Group Inc. Induction heating of springs
US10472695B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2019-11-12 Barnes Group Inc. Induction heating of spring
US10359090B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2019-07-23 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Compression coil spring and method for producing same
PL445934A1 (pl) * 2023-08-29 2024-03-25 Towes Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Sposób wytwarzania sprężyn, zwłaszcza o ponadnormatywnych parametrach

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2386720T3 (es) 2012-08-28
ATE556153T1 (de) 2012-05-15
EP1613449A2 (de) 2006-01-11
JP4518415B2 (ja) 2010-08-04
DE10315419B3 (de) 2004-05-19
KR100776954B1 (ko) 2007-11-21
JP2006522214A (ja) 2006-09-28
BRPI0408916A (pt) 2006-03-28
CA2519764A1 (en) 2004-10-14
PL1613449T3 (pl) 2012-10-31
KR20050122233A (ko) 2005-12-28
MXPA05009831A (es) 2005-12-05
WO2004087367A2 (de) 2004-10-14
EP1613449B1 (de) 2012-05-02
BRPI0408916B1 (pt) 2012-12-11
WO2004087367A3 (de) 2005-04-28
CN100385020C (zh) 2008-04-30
CN1771342A (zh) 2006-05-10

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Owner name: THYSSENKRUPP AUTOMOTIVE AG, GERMANY

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Effective date: 20050831

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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