US20070017319A1 - Titanium alloy - Google Patents
Titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070017319A1 US20070017319A1 US11/186,724 US18672405A US2007017319A1 US 20070017319 A1 US20070017319 A1 US 20070017319A1 US 18672405 A US18672405 A US 18672405A US 2007017319 A1 US2007017319 A1 US 2007017319A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy powder
- titanium alloy
- powder
- titanium
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1268—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams
- C22B34/1272—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams reduction of titanium halides, e.g. Kroll process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/28—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from gaseous metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
- C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
- B22F2301/205—Titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloys of titanium having at least 50% titanium and most specifically to an alloy of titanium particularly useful in the aerospace and defense industries known as 6/4 which is about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with the balance titanium and trace materials as made by the Armstrong process.
- the ASTM B265 grade 5 chemical specifications for 6/4 require that vanadium is present in the amount of 4% ⁇ 1% by weight and aluminum is present in the range of from about 5.5% to about 6.75% by weight.
- the alloy of the invention is produced by the Armstrong Process as previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,779,761; 5,958,106 and 6,609,797, the entire disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. The aforementioned patents teach the Armstrong Process as it relates to the production of various materials including alloys.
- the Armstrong Process includes the subsurface reduction of halides by a molten metal alkali or alkaline earth element or alloy.
- the development of the Armstrong Process has occurred from 1994 through the present, particularly as it relates to the production of titanium and its alloys using titanium tetrachloride as a source of titanium and using sodium as the reducing agent.
- this invention is described particularly with respect to titanium tetrachloride, aluminum trichloride and vanadium tetrachloride and sodium as a reducing metal, it should be understood that various halides other than chlorine can be used and various reductants other than sodium can be used and the invention is broad enough to include those materials.
- the steady state temperature of the reaction can be controlled by the amount of reductant metal and the amount of chloride being introduced.
- the preferred method is to control the temperature of the reactant products by varying the amount of excess (over stoichiometric) reductant metal introduced into the reaction chamber.
- the reaction is maintained at a steady state temperature of about 400° C. and at this temperature, as previously disclosed, the reaction can be maintained for very long periods of time without damage to the equipment while producing a relatively uniform product.
- the Titan Powder produced by the Armstrong Process inherently produces powder in which the average diameter of individual particle is less than a micron.
- the particles agglomerate and have an average agglomerated particle diameter in the range of from about 3.3 to about 1.3 microns.
- Particle diameters are based on a calculated size of a sphere from a surface area, such as BET.
- the calculated average diameters were based on surface are measurements in a range of from about 0.4 to about 1.0 m 2 per gram.
- the titanium powder produced by the Armstrong Process always has a packing fraction in the range of from about 4% to about 11% which also may also be expressed as tap density. Tap density is a well known characteristic and is determined by introducing the powder into a graduated test tube and tapping the tube until the powder is fully settled. Thereafter, the weight of the powder is measured and the packing fraction or percent of theoretical density is calculated.
- CP titanium powder and titanium alloy powder traditionally have been made by two methods, hydride-dehydride and spheridization, resulting in powders having very different morphologies than the powder made by the Armstrong method.
- Hydride-dehydride powders are angular and flake-like, while spheridized powders are spheres.
- Fines made during the Hunter process are available and these also have very different morphology than CP titanium produced by the Armstrong Process. SEMs of CP powder made by the hydride-dehydride process and the spheridization process and Hunter fines are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 , respectively.
- the CP powder made by the Armstrong Process is not spherical nor is it angular and flake-like. Hunter fines have “large inclusions” which do not appear in the Armstrong powder, differentiating FIGS. 1-3 from Armstrong powder shown in FIGS. 4-9 . Moreover, Hunter fines have large concentrations of chlorine while Armstrong CP powder has low concentrations of chlorine; chlorine is an undesirable contaminant.
- 6/4 powder is made by hydride-dehydride and spherization processes, but not by the Hunter process.
- a calcium reduction hydride-dehydride process used in Tula, Russia was identified by Moxson et al. in an article in The International Journal Of Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 34, No. 5, 1998.
- Moxson et al which also discloses SEMs of both CP and 6/4 in the Journal Of Metallurgy, May, 2000, both articles, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference, taken together showing that 6/4 powder made by methods other than the Armstrong process result in powders that are very different from Armstrong 6/4 powder, both in size distribution and/or morphology and/or chemistry.
- a principal object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having lesser amounts of aluminum and vanadium with unique morphological and chemical properties.
- Another object of the present invention to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6 percent by weight aluminum and about 4 percent by weight vanadium within current ASTM specifications.
- Yet another object of the invention is to make a 6/4 alloy as set forth in which sodium is present in significantly smaller amounts than is present in CP titanium powder made by the Armstrong Process.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 200 ppm and the alloy powder being neither spherical nor angular or flake shaped.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 200 ppm and having a tap density or packing fraction in the range of from about 4% to about 11%.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or an alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 200 ppm made by the subsurface reduction of chloride vapor with molten alkali metal or molten alkaline earth metal.
- a final object of the present invention is to provide an agglomerated titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 100 ppm substantially as seen in the SEMs of FIGS. 10-12 .
- FIG. 1 is a SEM of CP powder made by the hydride-dehydride method
- FIG. 2 is a SEM of CP powder made by the spheridization method
- FIG. 3 is a SEM of CP powder from the Hunter Process
- FIGS. 4-6 are SEMs of Armstrong CP distilled, dried and passivated
- FIGS. 7-9 are SEMs of Armstrong CP distilled, dried, passivated and held at 750° C. for 48 hours;
- FIGS. 10-12 are SEMs of Armstrong 6/4 distilled, dried, passivated and held at 750° C. for 48 hours.
- a “titanium base alloy” means any alloy having 50% or more by weight titanium. Although 6/4 is used as a specific example, other titanium base alloys are included in this invention.
- Armstrong CP titanium powder is different from spheridized titanium powder and from hydride-dehydride titanium powder in both morphology and packing fraction or tap density. There are also differences in certain of the chemical constituents. For instance, Armstrong CP titanium powder has sodium present in the 400-700 ppm range while spheridized and hydride-dehydride powder should have none or only trace amounts. Armstrong CP titanium has little chloride concentration, on the order of ⁇ 50 ppm, while Hunter fines have much larger concentrations of chlorides, on the order of 0.12-0.15 wt. %.
- the equipment used to produce the 6/4 alloy is substantially as disclosed in the aforementioned patents disclosing the Armstrong Process with the exception that instead of only having a titanium tetrachloride boiler 22 as illustrated in those patents, there is also a vanadium tetrachloride boiler and an aluminum trichloride boiler which are connected to the reaction chamber by suitable valves.
- the piping acts as a manifold so that the gases are completely mixed as they enter the reaction chamber and are introduced subsurface to the flowing liquid sodium. It was determined during production of the 6/4 alloy that aluminum trichloride is corrosive and required special materials not required for handling either titanium tetrachloride or vanadium tetrachloride. Therefore, Hastelloy C-276 was used for the aluminum trichloride boiler and the piping to the reaction chamber.
- a 7/32′′ nozzle was used in the reactor to meter the mix of metal chloride vapors.
- a 0.040′′ nozzle was used to meter the AlCl 3 and a 0.035′′ nozzle was used to meter the VCl 4 into the TiCl 4 stream.
- the reactor was operated for approximately 250 seconds injecting approximately 11 kg of TiCl 4 .
- the salt and titanium alloy solids were captured on a wedge wire filter and free sodium metal was drained away.
- the product cake containing titanium alloy, sodium chloride and sodium was distilled at approximately 100 milli-torr at 550 to 575° C. vessel wall temperatures for 20 hours.
- the trap was re-pressurized with argon gas and heated to 750° C. and held at temperature for 48 hours.
- the vessel containing the salt and titanium alloy cake was cooled and the cake was passivated with a 0.7 wt % oxygen/argon mixture. After passivation, the cake was washed with deionized water and subsequently dried in a vacuum oven at less than 100° C.
- Table 2 Other important aspects shown in Table 2 are the percentages of vanadium and aluminum in the 6/4 showing an average of about 5.91% aluminum and about 4.29% vanadium for all of the runs.
- the runs reported in Table 2 were made with an experimental loop and the valving and control systems for metering the appropriate amount of both vanadium and aluminum were rudimentary. Advanced valving systems have now been installed to control more closely the amount of vanadium and aluminum in the 6/4 produced from the Armstrong Process, although even with the rudimentary control system, the 6/4 alloy was within ASTM specifications. Also of significance is the low iron and chloride content of the 6/4 alloy.
- An additional unexpected feature of the 6/4 alloy compared to the CP titanium is the surface area, as determined using BET Specific Surface Area analysis with krypton as the adsorbate.
- the specific surface area of the 6/4 alloy is much larger than the CP titanium and this also was unexpected.
- Surface analysis of CP particles which were distilled overnight (about 8-12 hours) between 500-575° C. were 0.534 square meters/gram whereas 6/4 alloy measured 3.12 square meters/gram, indicating that the alloy is significantly smaller than the CP.
- Alloy powders have been produced by melting prealloyed stock and thereafter using either gas atomization or a hydride-dehydride process (MHR).
- MHR hydride-dehydride process
- the Moxson et al. article discloses 6/4 powder made in Tula, Russia and as seen from FIG. 2 in that article, particularly FIGS. 2 c and 2 d the powders made by Tula Hydride Reduction process are significantly different than those made by the Armstrong Process.
- the chemical analysis for the pre-alloy 6/4 powder produced by the metal-hydride reduction (MHD) process contains exceptional amounts of calcium and also is not within ASTM specifications for aluminum.
- the 6/4 alloy made by the Armstrong Process is made without the presence of either calcium or magnesium, these metals should be present, if at all, only in trace amounts and certainly much less than 100 ppm.
- Sodium which would be expected to be present in significant quantities based on the operation of the Armstrong Process to produce CP titanium in fact is present only at minium quantities in the 6/4 alloy.
- sodium in the 6/4 alloy made by the Armstrong Process is almost always present less than 200 ppm and generally less than 100 ppm.
- 6/4 alloy has been produced using the Armstrong Process in which sodium is undetectable so that this is a great and unexpected advantage of the 6/4 alloy vis a vis CP titanium made by the Armstrong Process.
- Both the Armstrong CP titanium and 6/4 alloy have tap densities or packing fractions in the range of from about 4% to 11%. This tap density or packing fraction is unique and inherent in the Armstrong Process and, while not advantageous particularly with respect to powder metallurgical processing, distinguishes the CP powder and the 6/4 powder made by the Armstrong Process from all other known powders.
- solid objects can be made by forming 6/4 or CP titanium into a near net shapes and thereafter sintering, see the Moxson et al. article and can also be formed by hot isostatic pressing, laser deposition, metal injecting molding, direct powder rolling or various other well known techniques. Therefore, the titanium alloy powder made by the Armstrong method may be formed into a sintered product or may be formed into a solid object by well known methods in the art and the subject invention is intended to cover all such products made from the powder of the subject invention.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to alloys of titanium having at least 50% titanium and most specifically to an alloy of titanium particularly useful in the aerospace and defense industries known as 6/4 which is about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with the balance titanium and trace materials as made by the Armstrong process.
- The ASTM B265 grade 5 chemical specifications for 6/4 require that vanadium is present in the amount of 4%±1% by weight and aluminum is present in the range of from about 5.5% to about 6.75% by weight. The alloy of the invention is produced by the Armstrong Process as previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,779,761; 5,958,106 and 6,609,797, the entire disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. The aforementioned patents teach the Armstrong Process as it relates to the production of various materials including alloys. The Armstrong Process includes the subsurface reduction of halides by a molten metal alkali or alkaline earth element or alloy. The development of the Armstrong Process has occurred from 1994 through the present, particularly as it relates to the production of titanium and its alloys using titanium tetrachloride as a source of titanium and using sodium as the reducing agent. Although this invention is described particularly with respect to titanium tetrachloride, aluminum trichloride and vanadium tetrachloride and sodium as a reducing metal, it should be understood that various halides other than chlorine can be used and various reductants other than sodium can be used and the invention is broad enough to include those materials.
- However, because the Armstrong Process over the past eleven years has been developed using molten sodium and chlorides, it is these materials which are referenced herein. During the production of titanium by the Armstrong Process, as disclosed in the previous patents, the steady state temperature of the reaction can be controlled by the amount of reductant metal and the amount of chloride being introduced. Although it is feasible to control the reaction temperature by varying the chloride concentration while keeping the amount of molten metal constant, the preferred method is to control the temperature of the reactant products by varying the amount of excess (over stoichiometric) reductant metal introduced into the reaction chamber. Preferably, the reaction is maintained at a steady state temperature of about 400° C. and at this temperature, as previously disclosed, the reaction can be maintained for very long periods of time without damage to the equipment while producing a relatively uniform product.
- Heretofore, commercially pure (CP) titanium ASTM B265 grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 have been produced in over two hundred runs using the Armstrong Process and although a wide variety of operating parameters have been tested, certain results are inherent in the process. The ASTM B 265 spec sheet follows:
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition % Grade Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nitrogen max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 Carbon max 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.08 HydrogenB max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Iron Max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30 Oxygen max 0.18 0.25 0.35 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.25 Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 to 4.0 to . . . 2.5 to . . . . . . 6.75 6.0 . . . 3.5 . . . . . . Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 to . . . . . . 2.0 to 4.5 3.0 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 to . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Palladium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 to . . . 0.12 to . . . 0.25 0.25 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 to 0.4 Zirconium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 to 0.9 ResidualsC.D.E. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (each), max ResidualsC.D.E 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 (total) max TitaniumF remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder
AAnalysis shall be completed for all elements listed in this Table for each grade. The analysis results for the elements not quantified in the Table need not be reported unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1% each or 0.4% total.
BLower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.
CNeed not be reported.
DA residual is an element present in a metal or an alloy in small quantities inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally.
EThe purchaser may, in his written purchase order, request analysis for specific residual elements not listed in this specification. The maximum allowable concentration for residual elements shall be 0.1% each and 0.4% maximum total.
FThe percentage of titanium is determined by difference.
- Production of titanium powder by the Armstrong Process inherently produces powder in which the average diameter of individual particle is less than a micron. During distillation at 500 to 600° C., the particles agglomerate and have an average agglomerated particle diameter in the range of from about 3.3 to about 1.3 microns. Particle diameters are based on a calculated size of a sphere from a surface area, such as BET. For agglomerated particles, the calculated average diameters were based on surface are measurements in a range of from about 0.4 to about 1.0 m2 per gram. In over two hundred runs, the titanium powder produced by the Armstrong Process always has a packing fraction in the range of from about 4% to about 11% which also may also be expressed as tap density. Tap density is a well known characteristic and is determined by introducing the powder into a graduated test tube and tapping the tube until the powder is fully settled. Thereafter, the weight of the powder is measured and the packing fraction or percent of theoretical density is calculated.
- Moreover, during the production of CP titanium by the Armstrong Process, a certain amount of sodium has always been retained even after extensive distillation, including vacuum distillation, and this retained sodium has been present on average of about 500-700 ppm, and has rarely been below about 400 ppm. From a commercial point of view, significant effort is and has been expended in order to reduce the sodium content of CP titanium made by the Armstrong Process.
- Prior to the Armstrong Process, CP titanium powder and titanium alloy powder traditionally have been made by two methods, hydride-dehydride and spheridization, resulting in powders having very different morphologies than the powder made by the Armstrong method. Hydride-dehydride powders are angular and flake-like, while spheridized powders are spheres.
- Fines made during the Hunter process are available and these also have very different morphology than CP titanium produced by the Armstrong Process. SEMs of CP powder made by the hydride-dehydride process and the spheridization process and Hunter fines are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, respectively. The CP powder made by the Armstrong Process is not spherical nor is it angular and flake-like. Hunter fines have “large inclusions” which do not appear in the Armstrong powder, differentiating
FIGS. 1-3 from Armstrong powder shown inFIGS. 4-9 . Moreover, Hunter fines have large concentrations of chlorine while Armstrong CP powder has low concentrations of chlorine; chlorine is an undesirable contaminant. - 6/4 powder is made by hydride-dehydride and spherization processes, but not by the Hunter process. A calcium reduction hydride-dehydride process used in Tula, Russia was identified by Moxson et al. in an article in The International Journal Of Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 34, No. 5, 1998. Moxson et al which also discloses SEMs of both CP and 6/4 in the Journal Of Metallurgy, May, 2000, both articles, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference, taken together showing that 6/4 powder made by methods other than the Armstrong process result in powders that are very different from Armstrong 6/4 powder, both in size distribution and/or morphology and/or chemistry. In some cases, such as the calcium reduction process in Tula, Russia there are very significant differences in chemistry as well as the other differences previously mentioned. Both the hydride -dehydride and spheridization methods require Ti, Al and V to be mixed as liquids and thereafter formed into powder. Only the Armstrong Process produces alloy powder directly from gas mixtures of the alloy constituents.
- Because 6/4 titanium is the most common titanium alloy used by the Department of Defense (DOD) as well as the aerospace industry and other significant industries, the production of 6/4 by the Armstrong Process is an important commercial goal.
- Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having lesser amounts of aluminum and vanadium with unique morphological and chemical properties.
- Another object of the present invention to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6 percent by weight aluminum and about 4 percent by weight vanadium within current ASTM specifications.
- Yet another object of the invention is to make a 6/4 alloy as set forth in which sodium is present in significantly smaller amounts than is present in CP titanium powder made by the Armstrong Process.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 200 ppm and the alloy powder being neither spherical nor angular or flake shaped.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 200 ppm and having a tap density or packing fraction in the range of from about 4% to about 11%.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or an alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 200 ppm made by the subsurface reduction of chloride vapor with molten alkali metal or molten alkaline earth metal.
- A final object of the present invention is to provide an agglomerated titanium base alloy powder having about 6% by weight aluminum and about 4% by weight vanadium with an alkali or alkaline earth metal being present in an amount less than about 100 ppm substantially as seen in the SEMs of
FIGS. 10-12 . - The invention consists of certain novel features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that various changes in the details may be made without departing from the spirit, or sacrificing any of the advantages of the present invention.
- For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, there is illustrated in the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the invention, its construction and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated.
-
FIG. 1 is a SEM of CP powder made by the hydride-dehydride method; -
FIG. 2 is a SEM of CP powder made by the spheridization method; -
FIG. 3 is a SEM of CP powder from the Hunter Process; -
FIGS. 4-6 are SEMs of Armstrong CP distilled, dried and passivated; -
FIGS. 7-9 are SEMs of Armstrong CP distilled, dried, passivated and held at 750° C. for 48 hours; and -
FIGS. 10-12 are SEMs of Armstrong 6/4 distilled, dried, passivated and held at 750° C. for 48 hours. - As used herein, a “titanium base alloy” means any alloy having 50% or more by weight titanium. Although 6/4 is used as a specific example, other titanium base alloys are included in this invention. As seen from the previous discussion, Armstrong CP titanium powder is different from spheridized titanium powder and from hydride-dehydride titanium powder in both morphology and packing fraction or tap density. There are also differences in certain of the chemical constituents. For instance, Armstrong CP titanium powder has sodium present in the 400-700 ppm range while spheridized and hydride-dehydride powder should have none or only trace amounts. Armstrong CP titanium has little chloride concentration, on the order of <50 ppm, while Hunter fines have much larger concentrations of chlorides, on the order of 0.12-0.15 wt. %.
- The equipment used to produce the 6/4 alloy is substantially as disclosed in the aforementioned patents disclosing the Armstrong Process with the exception that instead of only having a titanium tetrachloride boiler 22 as illustrated in those patents, there is also a vanadium tetrachloride boiler and an aluminum trichloride boiler which are connected to the reaction chamber by suitable valves. The piping acts as a manifold so that the gases are completely mixed as they enter the reaction chamber and are introduced subsurface to the flowing liquid sodium. It was determined during production of the 6/4 alloy that aluminum trichloride is corrosive and required special materials not required for handling either titanium tetrachloride or vanadium tetrachloride. Therefore, Hastelloy C-276 was used for the aluminum trichloride boiler and the piping to the reaction chamber.
- During most of the runs the steady state temperature of the reactor was maintained at about 400° C. by the use of sufficient excess sodium. Other operating conditions for the production of the alloy were as follows:
- A device similar to that described in the incorporated Armstrong patents was used except that a VCl4 boiler and ALCl3 boiler were provided and both gases were fed into the line feeding TiCl4 into the liquid Na. The boiler pressures and system parameters are listed hereafter.
- Experimental Procedure:
- TiCl4 Boiler Pressure=500 kPa
- VCl4 Boiler Pressure=630 kPa
- ALCl3 Boiler Pressure=830 kPa
- Inlet Na temperature=240° C.
- Reactor Outlet Temperature=510 C
- Na Flowrate=40 kg/min
- TiCl4 Flowrate=2.6 kg/min
- For this specific experiment, a 7/32″ nozzle was used in the reactor to meter the mix of metal chloride vapors. A 0.040″ nozzle was used to meter the AlCl3 and a 0.035″ nozzle was used to meter the VCl4 into the TiCl4 stream. The reactor was operated for approximately 250 seconds injecting approximately 11 kg of TiCl4. The salt and titanium alloy solids were captured on a wedge wire filter and free sodium metal was drained away. The product cake containing titanium alloy, sodium chloride and sodium was distilled at approximately 100 milli-torr at 550 to 575° C. vessel wall temperatures for 20 hours. Once all the sodium metal was removed via distillation, the trap was re-pressurized with argon gas and heated to 750° C. and held at temperature for 48 hours. The vessel containing the salt and titanium alloy cake was cooled and the cake was passivated with a 0.7 wt % oxygen/argon mixture. After passivation, the cake was washed with deionized water and subsequently dried in a vacuum oven at less than 100° C.
- Table 1 below sets forth a chemical analysis of various runs for 6/4 alloy from an experimental loop running the Armstrong Process.
TABLE 2 Ti 6/4 FROM EXPERIMENTAL LOOP Run Size Oxygen Sodium Nitrogen Hydrogen Chloride Vanadium Aluminum Carbon Iron N-269- * 0.187 0.019 0.006 0.0029 0.001 5.58 5.58 0.019 0.014 N-269- + 0.113 0.0015 0.008 0.003 0.001 5.33 5.38 0.03 0.021 N-269- + 0.128 0.0006 0.005 0.0037 0.001 5.84 5.47 0.039 0.02 N-271- + 0.124 0.002 0.001 0.0066 0.0016 4.87 6.95 0.033 0.037 N-276 + 0.111 0.0018 4.44 6.04 N-276 + 0.121 0.0018 0.005 0.0043 0.0005 4.12 6.35 0.012 0.016 N-276 + 0.131 0.0019 0.003 0.0057 0.0011 4.03 5.67 0.012 0.016 N-276 + 0.169 0.0026 4.1 6.02 N-276 + 0.128 0.0015 0.003 0.0042 0.0005 3.8 6.02 0.012 0.019 N-277 + 0.155 0.0018 0.003 0.0053 0.0006 3.45 5.73 0.014 0.015 N-277 + 0.135 0.0023 3.49 5.49 N-276 * 0.121 0.0041 0.005 0.0052 0.0005 4.31 6.53 0.02 0.015 N-276 * 0.134 0.0075 3.81 5.92 N-276 * 0.175 0.014 0.012 0.0066 0.0005 3.96 6.01 N-276 * 0.187 0.046 0.007 0.0081 0.0005 3.95 6.05 N-277 * 0.141 0.0022 0.004 0.0038 0.0026 3.65 5.42 mean 0.14125 0.0069125 0.0051667 0.00495 0.00095 4.295625 5.914375 0.0212222 0.0192222 stand dev. 0.0253811 0.0116064 0.0028868 0.0015952 0.000626 0.7343838 0.4335892 0.0102808 0.0071024
* = BULK
+ = SMALL
- As seen from the above Table 2, the sodium levels for 6/4 are very low on the order of 69 ppm and for certain runs, sodium levels have been undetectable. This result was unexpected because over two hundred runs of CP titanium have been made using the Armstrong Process, and sodium has always been present in the range of from about 400-700 ppm. Therefore, the lack of sodium in the 6/4 alloy was not only unexpected but an important consideration since sodium may adversely affect the welds of CP titanium.
- Other important aspects shown in Table 2 are the percentages of vanadium and aluminum in the 6/4 showing an average of about 5.91% aluminum and about 4.29% vanadium for all of the runs. The runs reported in Table 2 were made with an experimental loop and the valving and control systems for metering the appropriate amount of both vanadium and aluminum were rudimentary. Advanced valving systems have now been installed to control more closely the amount of vanadium and aluminum in the 6/4 produced from the Armstrong Process, although even with the rudimentary control system, the 6/4 alloy was within ASTM specifications. Also of significance is the low iron and chloride content of the 6/4 alloy.
- An additional unexpected feature of the 6/4 alloy compared to the CP titanium is the surface area, as determined using BET Specific Surface Area analysis with krypton as the adsorbate. In general, the specific surface area of the 6/4 alloy is much larger than the CP titanium and this also was unexpected. Surface analysis of CP particles which were distilled overnight (about 8-12 hours) between 500-575° C. were 0.534 square meters/gram whereas 6/4 alloy measured 3.12 square meters/gram, indicating that the alloy is significantly smaller than the CP.
- The SEMs show that the 6/4 powder is “frillier” than CP powder, see
FIGS. 4-9 and 10-12. As reported by Moxson et al., Innovations in Titanium Powder Processing in the Journal of Metallurgy May 2000, it is clear that by-product fines from the Kroll or Hunter Processes contain large amounts of undesirable chlorine which is not present in the CP titanium powder made by the Armstrong Process (see Table 1). Moreover, the morphology of the Hunter and Kroll fines, as previously discussed, is different from the CP powder made by the Armstrong Process. Neither the Kroll nor the Hunter process has been adapted to produce 6/4 alloy. Alloy powders have been produced by melting prealloyed stock and thereafter using either gas atomization or a hydride-dehydride process (MHR). The Moxson et al. article discloses 6/4 powder made in Tula, Russia and as seen fromFIG. 2 in that article, particularlyFIGS. 2 c and 2 d the powders made by Tula Hydride Reduction process are significantly different than those made by the Armstrong Process. Moreover, referring to the Moxson et al. article in the 1998 issue of the International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 4, No. 5, pages 45-47, it is seen that the chemical analysis for the pre-alloy 6/4 powder produced by the metal-hydride reduction (MHD) process contains exceptional amounts of calcium and also is not within ASTM specifications for aluminum. - Because the 6/4 alloy made by the Armstrong Process is made without the presence of either calcium or magnesium, these metals should be present, if at all, only in trace amounts and certainly much less than 100 ppm. Sodium which would be expected to be present in significant quantities based on the operation of the Armstrong Process to produce CP titanium in fact is present only at minium quantities in the 6/4 alloy. Specifically, sodium in the 6/4 alloy made by the Armstrong Process is almost always present less than 200 ppm and generally less than 100 ppm. In some instances, 6/4 alloy has been produced using the Armstrong Process in which sodium is undetectable so that this is a great and unexpected advantage of the 6/4 alloy vis a vis CP titanium made by the Armstrong Process.
- Both the Armstrong CP titanium and 6/4 alloy have tap densities or packing fractions in the range of from about 4% to 11%. This tap density or packing fraction is unique and inherent in the Armstrong Process and, while not advantageous particularly with respect to powder metallurgical processing, distinguishes the CP powder and the 6/4 powder made by the Armstrong Process from all other known powders.
- As is well known in the art, solid objects can be made by forming 6/4 or CP titanium into a near net shapes and thereafter sintering, see the Moxson et al. article and can also be formed by hot isostatic pressing, laser deposition, metal injecting molding, direct powder rolling or various other well known techniques. Therefore, the titanium alloy powder made by the Armstrong method may be formed into a sintered product or may be formed into a solid object by well known methods in the art and the subject invention is intended to cover all such products made from the powder of the subject invention.
- While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment hereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that several changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which includes titanium base alloys having lesser amounts of aluminum and vanadium and is specifically not limited to the specific alloys disclosed.
Claims (39)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/186,724 US20070017319A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Titanium alloy |
PCT/US2006/028396 WO2008013518A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-22 | Titanium alloy |
US12/879,598 US8894738B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2010-09-10 | Titanium alloy |
US14/521,646 US9630251B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2014-10-23 | Titanium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/186,724 US20070017319A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Titanium alloy |
PCT/US2006/028396 WO2008013518A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-22 | Titanium alloy |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/879,598 Continuation US8894738B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2010-09-10 | Titanium alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070017319A1 true US20070017319A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
Family
ID=39273248
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/186,724 Abandoned US20070017319A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Titanium alloy |
US12/879,598 Expired - Fee Related US8894738B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2010-09-10 | Titanium alloy |
US14/521,646 Active 2026-06-17 US9630251B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2014-10-23 | Titanium alloy |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/879,598 Expired - Fee Related US8894738B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2010-09-10 | Titanium alloy |
US14/521,646 Active 2026-06-17 US9630251B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2014-10-23 | Titanium alloy |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20070017319A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008013518A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050284824A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2005-12-29 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Filter cake treatment apparatus and method |
US20060107790A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2006-05-25 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | System and method of producing metals and alloys |
US20060123950A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2006-06-15 | Anderson Richard P | Process for separating ti from a ti slurry |
US20060150769A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2006-07-13 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Preparation of alloys by the armstrong method |
US20060230878A1 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2006-10-19 | Richard Anderson | System and method of producing metals and alloys |
US20070180951A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-08-09 | Armstrong Donn R | Separation system, method and apparatus |
US20080031766A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-02-07 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Attrited titanium powder |
US20080152533A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Direct passivation of metal powder |
US20080199348A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2008-08-21 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Elemental material and alloy |
US20080264208A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-30 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Liquid injection of VCI4 into superheated TiCI4 for the production of Ti-V alloy powder |
US20100329919A1 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2010-12-30 | Jacobsen Lance E | Titanium Alloy |
US8821611B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2014-09-02 | Cristal Metals Inc. | Titanium boride |
KR20170010592A (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2017-02-01 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Metal Oxide Nanowire and Nano Energetic Materials Composite based on bacteriophage and Method for Fabricating the same |
CN113427016A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Device for preparing fine titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound powder and production method thereof |
CN115846671A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-28 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of multi-state multi-scale titanium alloy |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10958332B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2021-03-23 | Mimosa Networks, Inc. | Wi-Fi hotspot repeater |
US10851437B2 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2020-12-01 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Custom titanium alloy for 3-D printing and method of making same |
RU2725589C1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2020-07-02 | Дженерал Электрик Компани | Obtaining titanium alloy materials by reducing titanium tetrachloride |
EP3512655B1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2022-11-30 | General Electric Company | Producing titanium alloy materials through reduction of titanium tetrahalide |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1771928A (en) * | 1927-05-02 | 1930-07-29 | Jung Hans | Filter press |
US2882143A (en) * | 1953-04-16 | 1959-04-14 | Nat Lead Co | Continuous process for the production of titanium metal |
US5779761A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1998-07-14 | Kroftt-Brakston International, Inc. | Method of making metals and other elements |
US20020005090A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2002-01-17 | International Titanium Powder Llc | Method of making metals and other elements from the halide vapor of the metal |
US20030145682A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2003-08-07 | Kroftt-Brakston International, Inc. | Gel of elemental material or alloy and liquid metal and salt |
US20070180951A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-08-09 | Armstrong Donn R | Separation system, method and apparatus |
Family Cites Families (175)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2205854A (en) * | 1937-07-10 | 1940-06-25 | Kroll Wilhelm | Method for manufacturing titanium and alloys thereof |
US2607675A (en) * | 1948-09-06 | 1952-08-19 | Int Alloys Ltd | Distillation of metals |
US2647826A (en) * | 1950-02-08 | 1953-08-04 | Jordan James Fernando | Titanium smelting process |
GB722184A (en) | 1951-09-04 | 1955-01-19 | Joseph Peppo Levy | Improvements in or relating to the production of pure titanium and zirconium |
BE515246A (en) * | 1951-11-01 | |||
US2846303A (en) * | 1953-08-11 | 1958-08-05 | Nat Res Corp | Method of producing titanium |
US2846304A (en) * | 1953-08-11 | 1958-08-05 | Nat Res Corp | Method of producing titanium |
US2823991A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1958-02-18 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Process for the manufacture of titanium metal |
GB778021A (en) | 1954-08-23 | 1957-07-03 | Bayer Ag | Process for the production of titanium |
US2890112A (en) * | 1954-10-15 | 1959-06-09 | Du Pont | Method of producing titanium metal |
US2835567A (en) * | 1954-11-22 | 1958-05-20 | Du Pont | Method of producing granular refractory metal |
US2882144A (en) * | 1955-08-22 | 1959-04-14 | Allied Chem | Method of producing titanium |
DE1069884B (en) * | 1956-01-17 | 1960-04-21 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, London | Process for the production of titanium |
DE1071350B (en) * | 1956-03-20 | |||
US2816828A (en) | 1956-06-20 | 1957-12-17 | Nat Res Corp | Method of producing refractory metals |
US3067025A (en) | 1957-04-05 | 1962-12-04 | Dow Chemical Co | Continuous production of titanium sponge |
US2941867A (en) * | 1957-10-14 | 1960-06-21 | Du Pont | Reduction of metal halides |
US2915382A (en) | 1957-10-16 | 1959-12-01 | Nat Res Corp | Production of metals |
US3085871A (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1963-04-16 | Griffiths Kenneth Frank | Method for producing the refractory metals hafnium, titanium, vanadium, silicon, zirconium, thorium, columbium, and chromium |
US3085872A (en) * | 1958-07-01 | 1963-04-16 | Griffiths Kenneth Frank | Method for producing the refractory metals hafnium, titanium, vanadium, silicon, zirconium, thorium, columbium, and chromium |
US3058820A (en) | 1958-07-25 | 1962-10-16 | Bert W Whitehurst | Method of producing titanium metal |
US3113017A (en) | 1960-07-06 | 1963-12-03 | Vernon E Homme | Method for reacting titanic chloride with an alkali metal |
US3519258A (en) * | 1966-07-23 | 1970-07-07 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Device for reducing chlorides |
US3331666A (en) * | 1966-10-28 | 1967-07-18 | William C Robinson | One-step method of converting uranium hexafluoride to uranium compounds |
US3535109A (en) | 1967-06-22 | 1970-10-20 | Dal Y Ingersoll | Method for producing titanium and other reactive metals |
US3847596A (en) | 1968-02-28 | 1974-11-12 | Halomet Ag | Process of obtaining metals from metal halides |
US3650681A (en) * | 1968-08-08 | 1972-03-21 | Mizusawa Industrial Chem | Method of treating a titanium or zirconium salt of a phosphorus oxyacid |
US3867515A (en) * | 1971-04-01 | 1975-02-18 | Ppg Industries Inc | Treatment of titanium tetrachloride dryer residue |
GB1355433A (en) * | 1971-07-28 | 1974-06-05 | Electricity Council | Production of titanium |
US3836302A (en) | 1972-03-31 | 1974-09-17 | Corning Glass Works | Face plate ring assembly for an extrusion die |
SU411962A1 (en) | 1972-06-05 | 1974-01-25 | ||
US3919087A (en) | 1972-07-25 | 1975-11-11 | Secondary Processing Systems | Continuous pressure filtering and/or screening apparatus for the separation of liquids and solids |
JPS4942518A (en) | 1972-08-31 | 1974-04-22 | ||
US4062679A (en) | 1973-03-29 | 1977-12-13 | Fansteel Inc. | Embrittlement-resistant tantalum wire |
US3927993A (en) | 1973-11-21 | 1975-12-23 | Ronald W Griffin | Fire starter and method |
JPS5812545B2 (en) * | 1974-05-08 | 1983-03-09 | ドウリヨクロ カクネンリヨウカイハツジギヨウダン | How to drain argon gas |
CA1062466A (en) | 1974-06-03 | 1979-09-18 | John R. Adsetts | Methanation |
US3966460A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1976-06-29 | Amax Specialty Metal Corporation | Reduction of metal halides |
US4007055A (en) * | 1975-05-09 | 1977-02-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Preparation of stoichiometric titanium disulfide |
USRE32260E (en) | 1975-07-14 | 1986-10-07 | Fansteel Inc. | Tantalum powder and method of making the same |
US4009007A (en) * | 1975-07-14 | 1977-02-22 | Fansteel Inc. | Tantalum powder and method of making the same |
US4017302A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-04-12 | Fansteel Inc. | Tantalum metal powder |
US4070252A (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1978-01-24 | Scm Corporation | Purification of crude titanium tetrachloride |
US4141719A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1979-02-27 | Fansteel Inc. | Tantalum metal powder |
US4149876A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1979-04-17 | Fansteel Inc. | Process for producing tantalum and columbium powder |
US4190442A (en) * | 1978-06-15 | 1980-02-26 | Eutectic Corporation | Flame spray powder mix |
JPS5811497B2 (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1983-03-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | Ti↓-Al porous alloy and its manufacturing method |
LU81469A1 (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1981-02-03 | Luniversite Libre Bruxelles | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE METALS BY REDUCTION OF THEIR HALIDES |
DE3017782C2 (en) * | 1980-05-09 | 1982-09-30 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen | Process for the production of sinterable alloy powders based on titanium |
GB2085031B (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1983-11-16 | Diamond Shamrock Techn | Modified lead electrode for electrowinning metals |
US4445931A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1984-05-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Production of metal powder |
US4401467A (en) | 1980-12-15 | 1983-08-30 | Jordan Robert K | Continuous titanium process |
FR2502181B1 (en) | 1981-03-23 | 1985-09-27 | Servimetal | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRECISE AND CONTINUOUS INJECTION OF A HALOGENATED DERIVATIVE IN A GASEOUS STATE IN A LIQUID METAL |
US4379718A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1983-04-12 | Rockwell International Corporation | Process for separating solid particulates from a melt |
US4519837A (en) * | 1981-10-08 | 1985-05-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Metal powders and processes for production from oxides |
US4432813A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1984-02-21 | Williams Griffith E | Process for producing extremely low gas and residual contents in metal powders |
US4454169A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1984-06-12 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Catalytic particles and process for their manufacture |
US4414188A (en) | 1982-04-23 | 1983-11-08 | Aluminum Company Of America | Production of zirconium diboride powder in a molten salt bath |
US4556420A (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1985-12-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Process for combination metal reduction and distillation |
US4423004A (en) | 1983-03-24 | 1983-12-27 | Sprague Electric Company | Treatment of tantalum powder |
US4487677A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1984-12-11 | Metals Production Research, Inc. | Electrolytic recovery system for obtaining titanium metal from its ore |
GB8317243D0 (en) | 1983-06-24 | 1983-07-27 | Alcan Int Ltd | Producing aluminium boride |
US4521281A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1985-06-04 | Olin Corporation | Process and apparatus for continuously producing multivalent metals |
US4687632A (en) | 1984-05-11 | 1987-08-18 | Hurd Frank W | Metal or alloy forming reduction process and apparatus |
AU587782B2 (en) | 1984-05-25 | 1989-08-31 | William Reginald Bulmer Martin | Reducing of metals with liquid metal reducing agents |
JPS60255300A (en) | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-16 | Yamato Sangyo Kk | Screw press type sludge dehydrator |
JPS6112837A (en) | 1984-06-28 | 1986-01-21 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Manufacture of metallic titanium |
US4555268A (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1985-11-26 | Cabot Corporation | Method for improving handling properties of a flaked tantalum powder composition |
CH666639A5 (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1988-08-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL POWDERS. |
US4689129A (en) | 1985-07-16 | 1987-08-25 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of submicron-sized titanium diboride |
JPS6265921A (en) | 1985-09-12 | 1987-03-25 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Production of titanium carbide |
US4606902A (en) | 1985-10-03 | 1986-08-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Process for preparing refractory borides and carbides |
FR2595101A1 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-04 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION BY LITHIOTHERMIA OF METAL POWDERS |
US4985069A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1991-01-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Induction slag reduction process for making titanium |
JPS63207612A (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-08-29 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Ceramic extruding method and device |
US4828008A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1989-05-09 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Metal matrix composites |
JPS6415334A (en) | 1987-07-09 | 1989-01-19 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Production of metal from metal halide |
CA1328561C (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1994-04-19 | Toho Titanium Co., Ltd. | Method for producing metallic titanium and apparatus therefor |
JPS6447823A (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1989-02-22 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Production of metallic titanium |
JPS6452031A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-02-28 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Production of titanium alloy |
JPH0643248B2 (en) | 1987-09-18 | 1994-06-08 | 科学技術庁金属材料技術研究所長 | Method for producing transition metal boride fiber |
US5211741A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1993-05-18 | Cabot Corporation | Flaked tantalum powder |
US4940490A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1990-07-10 | Cabot Corporation | Tantalum powder |
US4897116A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-01-30 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | High purity Zr and Hf metals and their manufacture |
US4923577A (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1990-05-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electrochemical-metallothermic reduction of zirconium in molten salt solutions |
US5167271A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1992-12-01 | Lange Frederick F | Method to produce ceramic reinforced or ceramic-metal matrix composite articles |
US4941646A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1990-07-17 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Air cooled gas injection lance |
US5338379A (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1994-08-16 | General Electric Company | Tantalum-containing superalloys |
IT1230774B (en) | 1989-05-05 | 1991-10-29 | Sir Ind Spa | HIGH MECHANICAL RESISTANCE CERAMIC PREFORMS, PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND METALLIC MATRIX COMPOUNDS WITH THEM OBTAINED. |
JPH0747787B2 (en) * | 1989-05-24 | 1995-05-24 | 株式会社エヌ・ケイ・アール | Method for producing titanium powder or titanium composite powder |
US5242481A (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1993-09-07 | Cabot Corporation | Method of making powders and products of tantalum and niobium |
US5028491A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1991-07-02 | General Electric Company | Gamma titanium aluminum alloys modified by chromium and tantalum and method of preparation |
JPH0357595A (en) | 1989-07-24 | 1991-03-12 | Kuri Kagaku Sochi Kk | Continuous filtering device |
US5082491A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1992-01-21 | V Tech Corporation | Tantalum powder with improved capacitor anode processing characteristics |
FI87896C (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1993-03-10 | Outokumpu Oy | Process for making metal powder |
JPH04116161A (en) | 1990-09-05 | 1992-04-16 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Titanium target material and production thereof |
US5176741A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1993-01-05 | Idaho Research Foundation, Inc. | Producing titanium particulates from in situ titanium-zinc intermetallic |
US5064463A (en) | 1991-01-14 | 1991-11-12 | Ciomek Michael A | Feedstock and process for metal injection molding |
US5147451A (en) | 1991-05-14 | 1992-09-15 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Method for refining reactive and refractory metals |
JPH0578762A (en) | 1991-05-23 | 1993-03-30 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Tial-based composite material having excellent strength and its production |
US5149497A (en) | 1991-06-12 | 1992-09-22 | General Electric Company | Oxidation resistant coatings of gamma titanium aluminum alloys modified by chromium and tantalum |
DE4214720C2 (en) | 1992-05-04 | 1994-10-13 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Device for the production of fine-particle metal and ceramic powder |
US5259862A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1993-11-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Continuous production of granular or powder Ti, Zr and Hf or their alloy products |
GB2274467A (en) | 1993-01-26 | 1994-07-27 | London Scandinavian Metall | Metal matrix alloys |
US5448447A (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1995-09-05 | Cabot Corporation | Process for making an improved tantalum powder and high capacitance low leakage electrode made therefrom |
US5439750A (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1995-08-08 | General Electric Company | Titanium metal matrix composite inserts for stiffening turbine engine components |
US5951822A (en) | 1993-09-09 | 1999-09-14 | Marcal Paper Mills, Inc. | Apparatus for making granular material |
US5460642A (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1995-10-24 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Aerosol reduction process for metal halides |
US5498446A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1996-03-12 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for producing high purity and unagglomerated submicron particles |
US5437854A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1995-08-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Process for purifying zirconium tetrachloride |
US7445658B2 (en) | 1994-08-01 | 2008-11-04 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Titanium and titanium alloys |
US7435282B2 (en) | 1994-08-01 | 2008-10-14 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Elemental material and alloy |
US5958106A (en) | 1994-08-01 | 1999-09-28 | International Titanium Powder, L.L.C. | Method of making metals and other elements from the halide vapor of the metal |
US6861038B2 (en) | 1994-08-01 | 2005-03-01 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | Ceramics and method of producing ceramics |
US20030061907A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2003-04-03 | Kroftt-Brakston International, Inc. | Gel of elemental material or alloy and liquid metal and salt |
US5427602A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1995-06-27 | Aluminum Company Of America | Removal of suspended particles from molten metal |
US6027585A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 2000-02-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Titanium-tantalum alloys |
USH1642H (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1997-04-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Wear and impact tolerant plow blade |
US5637816A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-06-10 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Metal matrix composite of an iron aluminide and ceramic particles and method thereof |
US6103651A (en) | 1996-02-07 | 2000-08-15 | North American Refractories Company | High density ceramic metal composite exhibiting improved mechanical properties |
US5954856A (en) | 1996-04-25 | 1999-09-21 | Cabot Corporation | Method of making tantalum metal powder with controlled size distribution and products made therefrom |
US5948495A (en) | 1996-07-01 | 1999-09-07 | Alyn Corporation | Ceramic-metal matrix composites for magnetic disk substrates for hard disk drives |
US20080187455A1 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2008-08-07 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Titanium and titanium alloys |
US5897830A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-04-27 | Dynamet Technology | P/M titanium composite casting |
DE59801634D1 (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 2001-11-08 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | TANTAL POWDER, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND SITER ANODES AVAILABLE therefrom |
CN1088761C (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 2002-08-07 | H.C.施塔克公司 | Tantalum powder, method for producing same powder and sintered anodes obtained from it |
US5914440A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-06-22 | Noranda Inc. | Method and apparatus removal of solid particles from magnesium chloride electrolyte and molten magnesium by filtration |
US6309595B1 (en) | 1997-04-30 | 2001-10-30 | The Altalgroup, Inc | Titanium crystal and titanium |
US6180258B1 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2001-01-30 | Chesapeake Composites Corporation | Metal-matrix composites and method for making such composites |
JPH1190692A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 1999-04-06 | Chiyoda Corp | Screw press |
JP2894326B2 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-05-24 | 日本電気株式会社 | Tantalum powder and solid electrolytic capacitor using the same |
US5993512A (en) | 1997-12-09 | 1999-11-30 | Allmettechnologies, Inc. | Method and system for recycling byproduct streams from metal processing operations |
US6309570B1 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2001-10-30 | American Equipment Systems | Vacuum extrusion system for production of cement-based articles |
US6210461B1 (en) | 1998-08-10 | 2001-04-03 | Guy R. B. Elliott | Continuous production of titanium, uranium, and other metals and growth of metallic needles |
JP4116161B2 (en) | 1998-09-03 | 2008-07-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Semiconductor device with overvoltage protection function and manufacturing method thereof |
DE19847012A1 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-20 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Niobium powder and process for its manufacture |
JP3871824B2 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2007-01-24 | キャボットスーパーメタル株式会社 | Tantalum powder for high capacity capacitors |
US6010661A (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-01-04 | Japan As Represented By Director General Of Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Method for producing hydrogen-containing sponge titanium, a hydrogen containing titanium-aluminum-based alloy powder and its method of production, and a titanium-aluminum-based alloy sinter and its method of production |
GB9915394D0 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 1999-09-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | A method of adding boron to a heavy metal containung titanium aluminide alloy and a heavy containing titanium aluminide alloy |
AT407393B (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-02-26 | Electrovac | Process for producing a metal matrix composite (MMC) component |
AT408345B (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-10-25 | Electrovac | METHOD FOR FIXING A BODY MADE OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE (MMC) MATERIAL ON A CERAMIC BODY |
IT1307298B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-10-30 | Ct Sviluppo Materiali Spa | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LOW DENSITY COMPONENTS, CONSUBSTRATED IF ANY COMPOSITE WITH METAL OR POLYMER MATRIX, |
US6432161B1 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2002-08-13 | Cabot Supermetals K.K. | Nitrogen-containing metal powder, production process thereof, and porous sintered body and solid electrolytic capacitor using the metal powder |
JP3671133B2 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2005-07-13 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | Method for producing titanium |
DE10030252A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2002-01-03 | Degussa | Separation of metal chlorides from their suspensions in chlorosilanes |
US6884522B2 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2005-04-26 | Ceramics Process Systems Corp. | Metal matrix composite structure and method |
US6921510B2 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2005-07-26 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing an article having a dispersoid distributed in a metallic matrix |
US7410610B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2008-08-12 | General Electric Company | Method for producing a titanium metallic composition having titanium boride particles dispersed therein |
US7329381B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2008-02-12 | General Electric Company | Method for fabricating a metallic article without any melting |
WO2004022799A1 (en) | 2002-09-07 | 2004-03-18 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | Safety mechanism |
WO2004026511A2 (en) | 2002-09-07 | 2004-04-01 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the size of powder produced by the armstrong process |
CN1681950A (en) | 2002-09-07 | 2005-10-12 | 国际钛金属粉末公司 | Screw device for transfer of Ti-containing reaction slurry into a vacuum vessel |
AU2003273279B2 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2007-05-03 | Cristal Us, Inc. | Process for separating ti from a ti slurry |
US7351272B2 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2008-04-01 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Method and apparatus for controlling the size of powder produced by the Armstrong process |
UA79310C2 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2007-06-11 | Int Titanium Powder Llc | Methods for production of alloys or ceramics with the use of armstrong method and device for their realization |
US20050284824A1 (en) | 2002-09-07 | 2005-12-29 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Filter cake treatment apparatus and method |
US20050225014A1 (en) | 2002-09-07 | 2005-10-13 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Filter extraction mechanism |
US6902601B2 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2005-06-07 | Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. | Method of making elemental materials and alloys |
AU2003263082A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-05-04 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | System and method of producing metals and alloys |
WO2004033737A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | System and method of producing metals and alloys |
UA78623C2 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2007-04-10 | Int Titanium Powder Llc | Method of separating, meant for separation of metal powder from a slurry (variants) and separating system for realization the same |
US6824585B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2004-11-30 | Adrian Joseph | Low cost high speed titanium and its alloy production |
US6955703B2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2005-10-18 | Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the production of elemental material and alloys |
WO2005019485A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-03 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | Indexing separation system |
AU2004269422B2 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2009-09-10 | Cristal Us, Inc. | Separation system, method and apparatus |
US7803235B2 (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2010-09-28 | Cabot Corporation | Passivation of tantalum and other metal powders using oxygen |
AU2005267419B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2010-11-18 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Production of valve metal powders with improved physical and electrical properties |
US7531021B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2009-05-12 | General Electric Company | Article having a dispersion of ultrafine titanium boride particles in a titanium-base matrix |
US20070017319A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2007-01-25 | International Titanium Powder, Llc. | Titanium alloy |
US20070079908A1 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Titanium boride |
WO2007089400A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-09 | International Titanium Powder, L.L.C. | Metal matrix with ceramic particles dispersed therein |
US20080031766A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-02-07 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Attrited titanium powder |
US7753989B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-07-13 | Cristal Us, Inc. | Direct passivation of metal powder |
CN101568398A (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2009-10-28 | 国际钛粉有限责任公司 | Direct passivation of metal powder |
JP6112837B2 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2017-04-12 | 日本放送協会 | Mobile communication system, mobile communication device, fixed relay device, and concentrator |
-
2005
- 2005-07-21 US US11/186,724 patent/US20070017319A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-07-22 WO PCT/US2006/028396 patent/WO2008013518A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 US US12/879,598 patent/US8894738B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-10-23 US US14/521,646 patent/US9630251B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1771928A (en) * | 1927-05-02 | 1930-07-29 | Jung Hans | Filter press |
US2882143A (en) * | 1953-04-16 | 1959-04-14 | Nat Lead Co | Continuous process for the production of titanium metal |
US5779761A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1998-07-14 | Kroftt-Brakston International, Inc. | Method of making metals and other elements |
US20020005090A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2002-01-17 | International Titanium Powder Llc | Method of making metals and other elements from the halide vapor of the metal |
US20030145682A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2003-08-07 | Kroftt-Brakston International, Inc. | Gel of elemental material or alloy and liquid metal and salt |
US20070180951A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-08-09 | Armstrong Donn R | Separation system, method and apparatus |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080199348A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 2008-08-21 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Elemental material and alloy |
US20060230878A1 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2006-10-19 | Richard Anderson | System and method of producing metals and alloys |
US20060123950A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2006-06-15 | Anderson Richard P | Process for separating ti from a ti slurry |
US20060150769A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2006-07-13 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Preparation of alloys by the armstrong method |
US20050284824A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2005-12-29 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Filter cake treatment apparatus and method |
US20090202385A1 (en) * | 2002-09-07 | 2009-08-13 | Donn Reynolds Armstrong | Preparation of alloys by the armstrong method |
US20060107790A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2006-05-25 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | System and method of producing metals and alloys |
US20070180951A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-08-09 | Armstrong Donn R | Separation system, method and apparatus |
US9630251B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2017-04-25 | Cristal Metals Inc. | Titanium alloy |
US8894738B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2014-11-25 | Cristal Metals Inc. | Titanium alloy |
US20100329919A1 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2010-12-30 | Jacobsen Lance E | Titanium Alloy |
US8821611B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2014-09-02 | Cristal Metals Inc. | Titanium boride |
US20080031766A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-02-07 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Attrited titanium powder |
US20110103997A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2011-05-05 | Dariusz Kogut | Attrited titanium powder |
US7753989B2 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2010-07-13 | Cristal Us, Inc. | Direct passivation of metal powder |
US20080152533A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Direct passivation of metal powder |
US9127333B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2015-09-08 | Lance Jacobsen | Liquid injection of VCL4 into superheated TiCL4 for the production of Ti-V alloy powder |
US20080264208A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-30 | International Titanium Powder, Llc | Liquid injection of VCI4 into superheated TiCI4 for the production of Ti-V alloy powder |
KR20170010592A (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2017-02-01 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Metal Oxide Nanowire and Nano Energetic Materials Composite based on bacteriophage and Method for Fabricating the same |
CN113427016A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Device for preparing fine titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound powder and production method thereof |
CN115846671A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-28 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of multi-state multi-scale titanium alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100329919A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
US9630251B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
WO2008013518A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
US20150040726A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
US8894738B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9630251B2 (en) | Titanium alloy | |
US20080199348A1 (en) | Elemental material and alloy | |
US5032176A (en) | Method for manufacturing titanium powder or titanium composite powder | |
US8821611B2 (en) | Titanium boride | |
US6409797B2 (en) | Method of making metals and other elements from the halide vapor of the metal | |
US20230116899A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for improving powder flowability | |
US20080187455A1 (en) | Titanium and titanium alloys | |
US6551377B1 (en) | Spherical rhenium powder | |
Goso et al. | Production of titanium metal powder by the HDH process | |
US20180043437A1 (en) | Methods For Producing Metal Powders And Metal Masterbatches | |
US5917113A (en) | Process for producing spherical metal particles | |
US20030061907A1 (en) | Gel of elemental material or alloy and liquid metal and salt | |
US7435282B2 (en) | Elemental material and alloy | |
US7445658B2 (en) | Titanium and titanium alloys | |
WO2007089400A1 (en) | Metal matrix with ceramic particles dispersed therein | |
CA2672300C (en) | Liquid injection of vcl4 into superheated ticl4 for the production of ti-v alloy powder | |
US20030145682A1 (en) | Gel of elemental material or alloy and liquid metal and salt | |
Unal et al. | Production of aluminum and aluminum-alloy powder | |
Koehler | Powder metallurgy nickel and nickel alloys | |
Mathias et al. | Metal powder as feedstock for laser-based additive manufacturing: From production to powder modification | |
Colella et al. | Powder production techniques for high-pressure cold spray | |
Samal et al. | Production of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Powder | |
Motsai | A parametric study of loose sintering of titanium powders | |
Rubaiyat Hossain | Production of iron powder from iron oxide (Mill Scale) | |
Vasquez et al. | Influence of powder characteristics on final properties of powder-bed laser additively manufactured ods fe-14cr steel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, LLC., ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JACOBSEN, LANCE;BENISH, ADAM JOHN;REEL/FRAME:016495/0853 Effective date: 20050831 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TWACG, LLC, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:020497/0632 Effective date: 20070801 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, L.L.C., ILLINOIS Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:TWACG, LLC;REEL/FRAME:020617/0212 Effective date: 20070802 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: THE NATIONAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE CO. LTD., MARYLAND Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:021127/0493 Effective date: 20080602 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, LLC, ILLINOIS Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:THE NATIONAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE CO. LTD.;REEL/FRAME:021824/0319 Effective date: 20081111 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CRISTAL US, INC., MARYLAND Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:021845/0404 Effective date: 20081016 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |