US20030033699A1 - Process and apparatus for the stretching textile fibers - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the stretching textile fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030033699A1
US20030033699A1 US09/733,009 US73300901A US2003033699A1 US 20030033699 A1 US20030033699 A1 US 20030033699A1 US 73300901 A US73300901 A US 73300901A US 2003033699 A1 US2003033699 A1 US 2003033699A1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
fluid
accord
foregoing
stretching
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Abandoned
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US09/733,009
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank Ficker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau AG
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Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau AG
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Assigned to RIETER INGOLSTADT SPINNEREIMASCHINENBAU AG reassignment RIETER INGOLSTADT SPINNEREIMASCHINENBAU AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FICKER, FRANK
Publication of US20030033699A1 publication Critical patent/US20030033699A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a process for the stretching of textile fibers as well as an apparatus therefor, wherein the apparatus possesses a stretch chamber, within which fibers are stretched.
  • the purpose of the invention comprises the development of a process as well as of an apparatus of the type mentioned in the introductory passages so that, by the introduction of new technologies, prerequisites for parameter optimization in the tensioning process are created.
  • a feed device for the inlet of at least one fluid to the fibers which have been brought into the stretch chamber, and further, the said feed device is so constructed, that the inlet fluid exerts at least a part of the necessary tensile force for the stretching of the fibers.
  • the advantages of the invention are especially comprised therein, in that at least one fluid is conducted to the fibers to be stretched, in order, either to completely execute the stretching process or to act as auxiliary thereto.
  • one fiber For the production of a relative movement of the fibers between one another, one fiber must be restrained, and a second, relative to the first, accelerated. Restraining and accelerating are achieved in the conventional stretchworks by the consolidation of the concerned fibers in roll pairs which pairs are situated sequentially apart from one another in the direction of the stretching and which turn at various rotational speeds.
  • the fibers are likewise, factually consolidated, in that the fluid entrains the fibers and restrains some, as other fibers are accelerated. In order to permit this to occur, a necessary inter-fiber cohesive friction must be overcome on the fibers to be stretched.
  • at least one fluid medium must be brought in as support for the process of acceleration and restraint.
  • the fluid exerts, in accord with the purpose, a force to accelerate a fiber portion in the direction conducive to stretching.
  • at least one, or another fluid entrains the desired slower fibers and restrains or retains these in comparison to the fibers moving more quickly.
  • the at least one fluid first can exhibit a flow component, and thus a force component on the fiber in the stretching direction. This force, however, must be less than the pulling forces holding the more rapidly moving fibers. This is comparable to the situation in conventional stretchworks, in which the upstream roll pair shows a lesser RPM than does the downstream pair.
  • the at least one fluid can possess also a flow component and thus a force component counter to the stretching direction, and in this way restrain or restrain the fibers in involved.
  • different fluids can be employed for the acceleration of a part of the fibers and the restraining of another part.
  • the at least one fluid can completely or supportingly accelerate those fibers, where velocity is considered, which are in a state of more rapid motion and or, in comparison to these, restrain the more slowly traveling fibers.
  • At least one fluid can be employed in addition to the use of mechanical stretch work rolls.
  • This fluid will thus stretch the fibers, and assist in the stretch.
  • the fluid in such a case, could undertake a very flexible role. For instance, by means of a change in pressure of the fluid, the force acting on the fibers can be quickly and precisely changed. Also, in the general stretching process, a penetration into the more inner lying fibers of a fiber band becomes more effective with a fluid than with a purely mechanical stretchworks.
  • the cleansing effect comes into play, that is, very short and therefore undesirable fibers can be removed from the fluid flow by flow carrying relatively low kinetic force, and additionally the longer fibers are removed by a flow at a correspondingly a higher kinetic force.
  • the flow direction of the fluid can, in this case, likewise be adjusted to the requirements of a specific application.
  • all possible fluid media may be employed, that is, a liquid, a gas, a gas mixture or a combination of at least two of the said media.
  • the most appropriate fluid for the application can be selected, which, obviously, along with model-computing, requires a certain empirical know-how.
  • the apparatus in accord with the invention possesses an essentially tightly sealed stretch chamber. Fiber and fluid inlets as well as outlets for the same are advantageously provided and sealed.
  • the stretch chamber possesses several, progressively narrowing, stretch chamber sections, arranged stagewise or continuously in the stretching direction. Because of the geometric design of the stretch chamber, the fluid flows at an increasing velocity in the stretch direction, thereby carrying the fibers along with it. The fibers, which are still found in the upstream sections of the stretch chamber are accordingly accelerated more slowly. In this manner, higher velocities of a portion of the fibers at the outlet of the stretch chamber can be assured.
  • the fluid can entrain the fibers along its entire stretch chamber length.
  • the fibers thus, can be consolidated over the complete length of the stretchworks chamber and restrained, relative to one another or can be accelerated.
  • the necessary restraining force can, at least partially, be exercised by mechanical, pneumatic and/or electrostatic action on those fibers, which during the stretching procedure remain behind the more accelerated fibers.
  • a consolidation roll holds a portion of the fibers back, so that another part of the fibers can be moved in a stretching direction by means of fluids flowing in the said stretching direction, and/or, if necessary, moved by an additional mechanical stretching device, for instance, again, a roll.
  • a counter directed flow or second, a fluid flowing relatively slowly in the stretching direction, restrains the slower, that is the consolidated fibers in the come-along effect entrained with more rapidly accelerated fibers
  • this fluid is advantageously the same fluid as that fluid acting in the stretching direction, that is, being water or air.
  • the counter flow can, for example, in the manner of the fluid which accelerates the fibers, be directed by means of conducting lines to its position of activity, i.e. injection.
  • Alternative or additionally, correspondingly designed nozzles can be installed. These are advantageously so placed and constructed, that they can efficiently entrain the fibers and these fibers, in relation to one another, are thereby accelerated or restrained.
  • several nozzles are placed about the fiber band(s) or about the relatively loose fibers. These nozzles are placed in a plane perpendicular to the stretching direction and essentially, directed either to or against the said stretching direction.
  • the fluid can be applied by means of an injector under appropriately chosen pressure, preferably through direct injection into the stretch chamber.
  • An injector comprises, in this service, for instance a double walled tube with, as seen in cross-section, concentric tube walls. Through the outer tube the fluid with high pressure can be directed, while the inner tube is supplied with fibers. At the outlet of the double tube, the fluid entrains the fibers in the form of thin strands, so that in this way, for instance, out of single fibers, a thin nap can be formed
  • an injector it is also possible to suck fibers out of a fiber supply container and transport the same into the stretch chamber.
  • the shape of the injectors the their nozzles can, for this purpose, be adapted to suit the corresponding application circumstances.
  • the process in accord with the invention can be installed in all spinning machines, in which fibers are to be stretched, particularly in carding and stretch machines. If the process in installed in a stretch machine, then the stretchworks is placed in the mentioned stretch chamber.
  • the carding process that is the freeing of single fibers from one another and creating a matting or a tenuous material—can advantageously be at least in part supported by means of the fluid.
  • a cleaning of the fibers can be at least carried out in part by means of the fluid.
  • the carding and if needed, also the cleaning, are advantageously undertaken by the apportioned injection of fluid with a corresponding pressure directed into the fiber volume to be carded. More advantageously, the same fluid is put to use for the carding procedure as is used for stretching in the stretch machine. In this operation, the fluid exiting from the carding machine can be used subsequently for the stretch procedure in the stretch machine, and thereafter again returned to the carding process. Very advantageous, in such a recycling, is to interpose filters for the removal of contamination in the fluid flow.
  • the stretch machine can be installed following a spinning apparatus.
  • Such an entwinement is also known as an “air spinning” operation.
  • those fiber containers and the feed apparatus related to the stretch chamber for the feed of the fibers are peripherally sealed, in order that a sequence of essentially tightly sealed apparatuses can be created, all of which can be subjected to the fluid.
  • the fluid can then take over various functions. First, it can serve for the removal of the fibers out of the fiber supply container, since, for instance, a nozzle is directed laterally on the first layers of the fibers in the said supply container and conducts these to the stretch chamber.
  • the fiber supply container contains single fibers or fiber flocks, and material not yet in a fiber matting state, then, in front of the stretch chamber, advantageously an apparatus for matting making is provided.
  • the stretching process in accord with the invention and/or the described carding and spinning processes are controlled or regulated, where at least one fluid is employed in the associated control and/or regulatory operational apparatuses.
  • a control and/or regulator is employed for the addition of the fluid to the stretch chamber.
  • fiber parameters such as fiber band thickness and its uniformity can be determined at the entrance and the exit of the stretch machine. From the sensor collected data, corresponding signals can be transmitted to the control/regulation apparatus(es).
  • Such an arrangement controls and/or regulates advantageously also the feed apparatuses for the fluid, in order that the matching pressure i.e. tensile forces, are brought to bear.
  • the pressure and/or duration of application can be controlled/regulated.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic presentation of a first embodiment of the stretch apparatus in accord with the invention
  • FIG. 2 a schematic presentation of a fiber band with two consolidated sections because of flowing fluid in a stretching apparatus
  • FIG. 3 a schematic presentation of a fiber band with two consolidated sections because of not only the situation of FIG. 2, but also because of a fluid flowing in a counter direction in said apparatus, and
  • FIG. 4. a schematic presentation of a second embodiment of the stretch apparatus accord with the invention.
  • a stretch chamber 1 is schematically depicted for the stretching of the fibers 6 of a fiber band.
  • the stretch chamber 1 is shown with an inlet 9 , followed by three subsequent sections 2 , 3 and 4 , which are telescopically arranged, and progressively smaller. These sections extend themselves in the direction of stretching V toward an outlet 8 of the said stretch chamber 1 .
  • the fibers 6 which are stretched in relation to one another, are conducted through this said telescopically arranged chamber to the mentioned outlet 8 .
  • a supply container 20 is sealingly attached to the stretch chamber 1 , from which the fiber band to be stretched is drawn through a transition hood 10 to the entry 9 of the described stretch chamber 1 .
  • a change of direction roll 5 is provided at the entry 9 of the stretch chamber 1 .
  • a deflection vane 13 serves to divert at least a portion of the flow of fluid 7 toward the entry 9 of the stretch chamber 1 .
  • the said deflection vane 13 is a plain sheet of sheet metal.
  • both the fiber supply container 20 as well as the transition hood 10 possess the same cross-section, they can be coupled together by means of peripheral sealants 15 , 25 , and if necessary an additional clamping means. This will prevent first, ambient air from entering in significant quantities into the system stretch chamber 1 , transition hood 10 , and fiber supply container 20 , and second, prevent the loss of fluid 7 from within the system.
  • the fiber band that is, the fibers 6
  • the fiber band can be transported by various means from the fiber supply container 20 to the stretch chamber 1 .
  • An embodiment (not shown) prefers a mechanical transport, for instance by a comb pick-up roll or like transport.
  • a flowing fluid 7 can be put to use, more advantageously, the fluid 7 in this service is the same fluid 7 which is being employed for the stretching operation.
  • a laterally placed nozzle directed on an upward slant can be penetratingly installed.
  • the said nozzles would be installed slightly under the fiber surface and be movable in the vertical direction.
  • the fibers 6 in the flowing fluid 7 would be entrained in an upward flow from said nozzles, and transported to the stretch chamber 1 . Also a suction removal apparatus for taking the fibers 6 out of the supply container 20 can be installed. In order to avoid a possible low pressure in the fiber supply container 20 by the flow in the stretch chamber 1 , a valve 21 is provided, which can be activated either manually or electrically.
  • the arrows assigned to the fibers 6 represent, in their direction and length, the tensile, entraining forces acting in the respective consolidation positions 30 and 31 on the said fibers 6 . It is also possible, to inject different fluids 7 into the said consolidation positions 30 and 31 .
  • a first fluid sub-current takes over a greater acceleration of a portion of the fibers 6
  • a second fluid sub flow tends to a slower flow (relative to the first) for another portion of the fibers 6 .
  • a fluid 7 can be employed essentially either only for the restraining or only for the acceleration of the fibers 6 —seen as respectively relative to one another.
  • the fibers 6 are mechanically restrained or accelerated—for instance by one or more consolidation rolls.
  • the restraining or the acceleration can also be carried out electronically and an apparatus can be constructed with oppositely poled components in the immediate neighborhood of the fibers to be consolidated or restrained.
  • a second embodiment of the invention provides, that alternative to the step-wise, successive sections of diminishing cross-sections 2 , 3 4 of FIG. 1, nozzles 52 , 53 are directed against the sections 50 , 51 of the stretch chamber through which the fibers 6 are flowing.
  • nozzles 53 are placed in the downstream located sections 51 of the stretch chamber 1 and which nozzles are essentially pointed in the stretching direction V.
  • nozzles 52 advantageously, are located in the upstream sections 50 of the stretch chamber and, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, and directed contrary to the direction of stretching V, against the fibers to be restrained.
  • a plurality of nozzles 52 , 53 are provided, which are placed about the entire zone of the fibers 6 in the stretching direction (not shown) and thus from almost all sides act upon the fibers.
  • nozzles 52 , 53 are located along the stretching path, which all are directed in the stretching direction V and fluid with increasing pressure in the downstream direction is brought into the stretch chamber 1 , in order to attain a successive greater acceleration of the fibers 6 (similar to the action in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1).
  • many variants of the nozzle arrangement and the pressure applied at these nozzles 50 are possible. Especially, these variants depend upon the purposes of the individual application and, likewise upon whether or not the fluid 7 is to apply a restraining or an accelerating force.
  • the first computations have produced the information, that the fluid 7 for fiber acceleration must flow at a pressure of some 12-15 atm in order to exert the same pressure as a pulling roll on a consolidation width of a half a centimeter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US09/733,009 1999-10-12 2001-04-18 Process and apparatus for the stretching textile fibers Abandoned US20030033699A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19959829.0 1999-10-12
DE19959829 1999-12-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030033699A1 true US20030033699A1 (en) 2003-02-20

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US09/733,009 Abandoned US20030033699A1 (en) 1999-10-12 2001-04-18 Process and apparatus for the stretching textile fibers

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US (1) US20030033699A1 (de)
DE (1) DE10060300A1 (de)
IT (1) IT1319355B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050217094A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2005-10-06 Paer Josefsson Pneumatic thread tensioner and thread handling system

Citations (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2142890A (en) * 1936-04-14 1939-01-03 Celanese Corp Treatment of textile and other materials
US2142722A (en) * 1935-02-01 1939-01-03 Celanese Corp Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
US2276394A (en) * 1940-01-12 1942-03-17 Celanese Corp Stretching of textile material
US2299145A (en) * 1939-07-31 1942-10-20 Celanese Corp Treatment of textile materials
US2425037A (en) * 1942-07-11 1947-08-05 British Celanese Fluid treating apparatus for yarns
US2427054A (en) * 1940-10-30 1947-09-09 Celanee Corp Of America Apparatus for stretching continuous filament textile material
US2450045A (en) * 1942-07-11 1948-09-28 Celanese Corp Apparatus for the treatment of textile strands
US2586800A (en) * 1946-10-23 1952-02-26 Celanese Corp Apparatus for the treatment of filamentary materials
US2622961A (en) * 1947-04-28 1952-12-23 Celanese Corp Gaseous treatment of filamentary textile material at supersonic and subsonic gas velocities and apparatus therefor
US2661618A (en) * 1950-01-17 1953-12-08 American Viscose Corp Tube for treating fibers and the like with fluid under pressure
US3727270A (en) * 1971-07-20 1973-04-17 Kendall & Co Vacuum drafting of fibrous strands
US3732595A (en) * 1971-08-09 1973-05-15 Kendall & Co Fiber shattering process
US3793679A (en) * 1971-07-02 1974-02-26 Kendall & Co Pneumatic drafting of fibrous strands
US4338233A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-07-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Aqueous sizing composition and sized glass fibers and method
US4346504A (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-08-31 Hoechst Fibers Industries Yarn forwarding and drawing apparatus
US4615170A (en) * 1984-08-29 1986-10-07 Interaction Devices for producing a continuous thread from a roving composed of parallel short fibers
US4672804A (en) * 1985-08-10 1987-06-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Friction spinning apparatus
US4676059A (en) * 1984-08-08 1987-06-30 Schubert & Salzer Process and device for starting spinning on an open-end spinning apparatus
US4718225A (en) * 1985-06-27 1988-01-12 Murata Kaiki Kabushiki Kaisha Pneumatic spinning machine
US4825633A (en) * 1985-11-21 1989-05-02 Schubert & Salzer Process and device for the spinning of fibers
US4922580A (en) * 1988-01-21 1990-05-08 Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh Sliver guide conduit
US5307547A (en) * 1990-07-27 1994-05-03 Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. Process and device for hydrodynamic drawing of a polymer thread
US5361574A (en) * 1992-08-22 1994-11-08 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device for pneumatic feeding of fibers to the fiber collection surface of an open-end spinning element
US5386618A (en) * 1991-09-23 1995-02-07 Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. Yarn stretching chamber arrangements
US5410787A (en) * 1993-03-05 1995-05-02 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Apparatus for stretching a synthetic yarn in a stretching bath
US5511960A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-04-30 Chisso Corp. Spinneret device for conjugate melt-blow spinning
US5901546A (en) * 1996-08-16 1999-05-11 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Fiber conveying channel for a spinning machine
US6047538A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-04-11 W. Schlafhorst Ag & Co. Fiber guide conduit for an open-end spinning device
US6168743B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-01-02 Arteva North America S.A.R.L. Method of continuously heat treating articles and apparatus therefor

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19949961A1 (de) * 1998-11-04 2000-05-18 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnerei Textilmaschine mit einer Zuführvorrichtung für das Zuführen von Textilfasern in Form eines Faserbandes zu einem Streckwerk sowie Verfahren zum Zuführen von textilen Fasern

Patent Citations (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2142722A (en) * 1935-02-01 1939-01-03 Celanese Corp Manufacture of cellulose derivative materials
US2142890A (en) * 1936-04-14 1939-01-03 Celanese Corp Treatment of textile and other materials
US2299145A (en) * 1939-07-31 1942-10-20 Celanese Corp Treatment of textile materials
US2276394A (en) * 1940-01-12 1942-03-17 Celanese Corp Stretching of textile material
US2427054A (en) * 1940-10-30 1947-09-09 Celanee Corp Of America Apparatus for stretching continuous filament textile material
US2450045A (en) * 1942-07-11 1948-09-28 Celanese Corp Apparatus for the treatment of textile strands
US2425037A (en) * 1942-07-11 1947-08-05 British Celanese Fluid treating apparatus for yarns
US2586800A (en) * 1946-10-23 1952-02-26 Celanese Corp Apparatus for the treatment of filamentary materials
US2622961A (en) * 1947-04-28 1952-12-23 Celanese Corp Gaseous treatment of filamentary textile material at supersonic and subsonic gas velocities and apparatus therefor
US2661618A (en) * 1950-01-17 1953-12-08 American Viscose Corp Tube for treating fibers and the like with fluid under pressure
US3793679A (en) * 1971-07-02 1974-02-26 Kendall & Co Pneumatic drafting of fibrous strands
US3727270A (en) * 1971-07-20 1973-04-17 Kendall & Co Vacuum drafting of fibrous strands
US3732595A (en) * 1971-08-09 1973-05-15 Kendall & Co Fiber shattering process
US4346504A (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-08-31 Hoechst Fibers Industries Yarn forwarding and drawing apparatus
US4338233A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-07-06 Ppg Industries, Inc. Aqueous sizing composition and sized glass fibers and method
US4676059A (en) * 1984-08-08 1987-06-30 Schubert & Salzer Process and device for starting spinning on an open-end spinning apparatus
US4615170A (en) * 1984-08-29 1986-10-07 Interaction Devices for producing a continuous thread from a roving composed of parallel short fibers
US4718225A (en) * 1985-06-27 1988-01-12 Murata Kaiki Kabushiki Kaisha Pneumatic spinning machine
US4672804A (en) * 1985-08-10 1987-06-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Friction spinning apparatus
US4825633A (en) * 1985-11-21 1989-05-02 Schubert & Salzer Process and device for the spinning of fibers
US4922580A (en) * 1988-01-21 1990-05-08 Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh Sliver guide conduit
US5307547A (en) * 1990-07-27 1994-05-03 Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. Process and device for hydrodynamic drawing of a polymer thread
US5386618A (en) * 1991-09-23 1995-02-07 Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. Yarn stretching chamber arrangements
US5511960A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-04-30 Chisso Corp. Spinneret device for conjugate melt-blow spinning
US5361574A (en) * 1992-08-22 1994-11-08 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Process and device for pneumatic feeding of fibers to the fiber collection surface of an open-end spinning element
US5410787A (en) * 1993-03-05 1995-05-02 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Apparatus for stretching a synthetic yarn in a stretching bath
US5901546A (en) * 1996-08-16 1999-05-11 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Fiber conveying channel for a spinning machine
US6047538A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-04-11 W. Schlafhorst Ag & Co. Fiber guide conduit for an open-end spinning device
US6168743B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-01-02 Arteva North America S.A.R.L. Method of continuously heat treating articles and apparatus therefor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050217094A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2005-10-06 Paer Josefsson Pneumatic thread tensioner and thread handling system
US7275291B2 (en) * 2002-03-12 2007-10-02 Iropa Ag Pneumatic thread stretcher and thread processing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI20002637A1 (it) 2002-06-06
DE10060300A1 (de) 2001-06-21
IT1319355B1 (it) 2003-10-10

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AS Assignment

Owner name: RIETER INGOLSTADT SPINNEREIMASCHINENBAU AG, GERMAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FICKER, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:012244/0944

Effective date: 20010110

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION