US20020059973A1 - Rubber-based composite material and rubber article using the same - Google Patents

Rubber-based composite material and rubber article using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020059973A1
US20020059973A1 US09/960,345 US96034501A US2002059973A1 US 20020059973 A1 US20020059973 A1 US 20020059973A1 US 96034501 A US96034501 A US 96034501A US 2002059973 A1 US2002059973 A1 US 2002059973A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rubber
woven fabric
based composite
coating
composite material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/960,345
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English (en)
Inventor
Yukihiro Kusano
Masato Yoshikawa
Yugo Zuigyo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bridgestone Corp
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Bridgestone Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION reassignment BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUSANO, YUKIHIRO, YOSHIKAWA, MASATO, ZUIGYO, YUGO
Publication of US20020059973A1 publication Critical patent/US20020059973A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0688—Cermets, e.g. mixtures of metal and one or more of carbides, nitrides, oxides or borides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rubber-based composite materials and to rubber articles using the same. More particularly, the invention relates to rubber-based composite materials that can enhance durability of rubber articles and can reduce their weight when used as a reinforcing material for the rubber articles such as tires and belts, and to rubber articles, particularly tires, using the same.
  • organic fiber cords and steel cords are heretofore widely used.
  • strong adhesion between the rubber and the reinforcing material is important from the viewpoint of durability of the product. Therefore, in conventional composite materials of organic fiber cords and a rubber, the enhancement of the adhesion between both materials has been achieved by subjecting the organic fiber cords to dip treatment in a resorcin/formaldehyde condensate/latex (RFL) adhesive.
  • RTL resorcin/formaldehyde condensate/latex
  • the steel cords are generally subjected to various plating treatment in order to enhance the adhesion between both materials.
  • non-woven fabrics can not be enhanced their adhesiveness through the application of either the conventional dip treatment wherein organic fiber cords are dipped in an RFL adhesive or the plating treatment conventionally applied for steel cords.
  • the reason why is that when these kinds of treatment are applied for non-woven fabrics, desired effects can not be obtained because a non-woven fabric becomes clogged to form a film and is reduced its contact area with the rubber to which the non-woven fabric is adhered.
  • an object of the present invention is to solve the above mentioned problems, to enhance adhesiveness between a non-woven fabric and a rubber, and to provide a rubber-based composite material the use of which as a reinforcing material for rubber articles such as tires and belts can improve the durability of the articles and can reduce their weight.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a rubber article using such a rubber-based composite material.
  • the inventors of the present invention studied diligently to achieve the above mentioned objects. As the result, they have accomplished the present invention through their finding that the above mentioned objects can be achieved by applying a specific coating treatment by the vapor deposition method to the surface of the filaments constituting a non-woven fabric.
  • a rubber-based composite material which comprises: a non-woven fabric; a coating of a metal or metallic compound reactable with sulfur, the coating being formed on a surface of the filaments constituting the non-woven fabric by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method or a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method; and a rubber that adheres to the coating and that covers the non-woven fabric.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • a rubber product is provided, particularly tires, using the above mentioned rubber-based composite material as a reinforcing material.
  • the rubber-based composite material of the present invention can enhance the rigidity of the rubber article using the same as a reinforcing material without deteriorating the durability of the article.
  • the application of such a rubber-based composite material to a sidewall portion of a tire can enhance the rigidity of the sidewall portion and can improve the driving stability of the tire.
  • FIGURE is a cross sectional view of a pneumatic tire of the present invention.
  • the non-woven fabrics applicable to the present invention are not webs formed by either twisting or weaving multiple bundles of filaments, but are those prepared by the carding process, the paper-making process, the air-laid process, the meltblowing process, the spunbonding process or the like.
  • Preferably applicable methods for binding filaments in webs other than those formed by the meltblowing or spunbonding process include the welding process, the process using a binder, the water-stream-entangling or needle punch process in which filaments are entangled by the force of water streams or needles.
  • non-woven fabrics manufactured by the water-stream-entangling process or the needle punch process in which filaments are entangled by water streams or needles, or the meltblowing or spunbonding process are preferably employed.
  • the material for the non-woven fabric may be a single kind of fiber or a combination of plural kinds of fibers selected from natural macromolecule fibers such as cotton, rayon and cellulose; synthetic macromolecule fibers such as aliphatic polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide and aromatic polyamide; carbon fibers; glass fibers; and steel wires.
  • Filament fibers having a multilayer structure wherein a layer is formed of a material different than that of its adjoining layer may also be employed.
  • composite fibers having a core-sheath structure in which different materials are used in the inner layer and in the outer layer, a radiate shape, a petal shape, a layered shape or the like, can also be employed.
  • the important fundamental factors for such non-woven fabrics include to have a structure in which a rubber can enter between fiber filaments and to have a structure in which the filament fibers and a rubber mutually form a continuous layer over a relatively long distance and a relatively wide area. Therefore, the diameter or the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the filament fibers is preferably in the range of 0.1-100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.1-50 ⁇ m.
  • the cross section of the filament fibers may have a circular shape or a shape other than a circle.
  • the filament fibers may have a hollow portion.
  • the length of the filament fibers is preferably 8 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more. When the length is less than 8 mm, entanglement of filament fibers is not sufficient and the strength required as a reinforcing layer can not be maintained.
  • the mass per area (the mass per 1 m 2 ) of the non-woven fabric is preferably in the range of 10 to 300 g, more preferably in the range of 10 to 100 g.
  • the mass per area is less than 10 g, uneven non-woven fabric may be obtained because maintaining uniformity of the non-woven fabric itself becomes difficult and a composite prepared from the non-woven fabric and a rubber may show great random variations in strength, rigidity, and elongation at break after the composite is vulcanized.
  • the mass per area exceeds 300 g, a rubber tends not to enter the space inside the non-woven fabric though it depends on the fluidity of the rubber. Such a mass per area is not preferable in view of the peeling resistance of the rubber-non-woven fabric composite when the composite is used as a tire component.
  • a coating of a metal or metallic compound reactable with sulfur is formed on the surface of the filament fibers constituting the non-woven fabric by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process or the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • the forming of a coating by PVD or CVD has the advantage of causing less environmental pollution because of the use of no solvents.
  • such a process has another advantage of causing no clogging of a non-woven fabric since a coating is formed in the vapor phase.
  • Examples of the PVD process applicable to the present invention include the vacuum deposition such as resistance heating deposition and electron beam heating deposition; the molecular beam epitaxy process; the laser ablation process; the sputtering process such as DC sputtering, radio frequency sputtering, magnetron sputtering, ECR sputtering and ion beam; the ion plating process such as radio frequency ion plating; the ionized cluster beam coating process; and the ion beam process.
  • the vacuum deposition such as resistance heating deposition and electron beam heating deposition
  • the molecular beam epitaxy process such as the laser ablation process
  • the sputtering process such as DC sputtering, radio frequency sputtering, magnetron sputtering, ECR sputtering and ion beam
  • the ion plating process such as radio frequency ion plating
  • the ionized cluster beam coating process and the ion beam process.
  • the CVD process examples include the heat CVD process such as atmospheric pressure CVD, reduced pressure CVD and organometallic CVD; the photo CVD process; and the plasma enhanced (or assisted) CVD process such as DC plasma enhanced CVD, radio frequency plasma enhanced CVD, microwave plasma enhanced CVD and ECR plasma enhanced CVD.
  • the sputtering processes particularly the magnetron sputtering process, are preferably employed.
  • the sputtering methods are preferred.
  • the first is that a coating can be formed on the surface of a non-woven fabric, a substrate, the temperature of which is low.
  • the second is that the working pressure applied during the coating formation is as relatively high as 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa to 5 ⁇ 10 1 Pa and, therefore, the gas generating from the non-woven fabric does not influence very much.
  • the third reason is that the particle sputtered from a target is highly possible to be scattered by the atmospheric gas such as argon (Ar) before its arrival at the surface of the non-woven fabric, the substrate, resulting from its straight travel, and the so-called “diffraction” of the particle easily occurs. That is, the “diffraction” enables a coating to be formed well on a part of the non-woven fabric non-facing the target or shaded in spite of the extremely complex shape of the non-woven fabric.
  • the sputtering conditions are, for example, as follows.
  • the atmospheric gas is an inert gas such as Ar, He, Ne and Kr, particularly Ar.
  • a reactive gas for example, O 2 , H 2 O and the like as an oxygen series, N 2 , NH 3 and the like as an nitrogen series, or CH 4 as an carbon series may be mixed to the inert gas.
  • the mixing ratio by volume of an inert gas to a reactive gas is 100/0 to 0/100 (inert gas/reactive gas), preferably 100/0 to 20/80.
  • a bias voltage may be applied to a non-woven fabric, a substrate, as needed.
  • the bias may be either DC or AC.
  • the biasing mode is preferably the pulse or the radio frequency (rf).
  • the bias voltage is in the range of ⁇ 1 kV to +1 kV.
  • the gas pressure may have any value at which the sputtering can be performed, but is preferably from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa to 5 ⁇ 10 2 Pa, more preferably from 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 1 Pa.
  • a power supply frequency (supplied to a target) may be either known DC or Ac. Generally, a DC power supply, radio frequency (rf) power supply and the like can be employed. A pulse power supply may also be used. The so-called “ionized magnetron sputtering” that causes inductive plasma between a target and a substrate to activate the particles under sputtering may be applied.
  • the average thickness of a coating formed by such a vapor deposition process is, usually from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 m to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 m, preferably from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 m to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m, more preferably from 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 m to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 m. If the coating is too thin, the adhesiveness will be insufficient. On the other hand, if too thick, the coating tends to separate from the substrate due to an internal stress of the coating. Such a coating is only required to be formed on the surface of the filaments of the non-woven fabric in at least an amount the sulfurization requires. There is no need for a coating to be formed uniformly.
  • the coating When the coating is exposed to the atmosphere during or after its formation, it sometimes reacts with oxygen or water vapor in the air, resulting in the contamination of impurities such as oxygen and hygrogen into the coating.
  • treatment such as plasma treatment, ion plantation, ion irradiation and heat treatment may be conducted after the formation of a coating to improve surface conditions, reactivity, internal stress and the like of the coating.
  • Preferred cleaning methods include washing with a solvent, discharge, and a combination of the washing with a solvent and the discharge. The washing effect can be enhanced by a combination of two or more cleaning methods.
  • the metal or metallic compound reactable with sulfur that can be used in the present invention include alloys, oxides and nitrides. Any material that can be sulfurized during the curing of a rubber through its reaction with sulfur contained in the rubber can be employed. For example, Co, Cu, Zn, Cr, Al, Ag, Ni, Pb, Ti, W, alloys comprising two or more of the above listed metals and their compounds such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides and sulfates can be employed. Particularly, metals and alloys such as Co, Co/Cr alloy, Cu/Zn alloy and Cu/Al alloy, and their oxides can be preferably used.
  • Co and its oxides are used (see, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. Sho. 62-87311, Sho. 62-246287 and Hei. 1-290342).
  • the compounds such as oxides, nitrides and carbides may be both those with a stoichiometric composition and those with a non-stoichiometric composition. Preferred are those having ratios of metal elements greater than stoichiometric values.
  • the combination of a non-woven fabric and a rubber to be used in the present invention is conducted by pressing a sheet-like uncured rubber composition from its top and bottom sides or from its one side with a press or a roll, thereby replacing the air present in the non-woven fabric with the rubber.
  • the rubber composition that can be used in the present invention.
  • the rubber compositions conventionally used for tires and belts can be preferably employed. Therefore, rubber components may be both natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers. Additives such as curing agents, curing accelerators, reinforcing materials, antioxidants and softening agents may be optionally incorporated.
  • FIGURE a cross sectional view of a pneumatic radial tire is shown, which is an embodiment wherein the rubber-based composite material of the present invention is applied.
  • this tire 1 both ends of a carcass layer 2 in which the cords contained in the layer are arranged in the radial direction of the tire are bent around a pair of right and left bead wires 3 a and 3 b.
  • Two layers of steel belts 4 are disposed in a ring outside the carcass layer 2 in the radial direction.
  • a tread rubber 6 is arranged in the road contacting surface portion 5 present outside the belt.
  • a sidewall rubbers 7 a and 7 b are stuck on the carcass layer present on both sides of the tread rubber 3 through the rubber-based composite materials 8 a and 8 b.
  • the rubber-based composite materials 8 a and 8 b are, respectively, arranged from the top ends of the bead fillers 9 a and 9 b to the vicinities of both widest ends of the belt portion with the rubber-based composite materials situated between the carcass layer 2 and the sidewall portions 7 a and 7 b.
  • such a rubber-based composite material is provided over a length of at least 10 mm within the regions extending from a bottom end of a bead portion to a widest end of a belt portion situated between a carcass layer and a sidewall or between the carcass layer and an inner liner layer.
  • a rubber-based composite material with a length less than 10 mm adversely results in an insufficient effect of improving the driving stability.
  • the adhesion between a non-woven fabric and a rubber can be enhanced. Furthermore, the use of the rubber-based composite material of the present invention as a reinforcing material for a rubber article can improve the durability of the article and can reduce the weight of the article. Particularly, its use as a reinforcement for reinforcing the side portions of a radial tire can greatly improve its durability under the running conditions, and the driving stability.
  • a rubber-based composite material obtained by integrally covering the non-woven fabric with an uncured rubber from both sides of the fabric was stuck over a length of 50 mm from the top end of a bead filler between a carcass layer and a sidewall as shown in the figure.
  • the thus obtained raw tire in which an uncured rubber composite material was applied as a fibrous reinforcing layer was shaped and then cured, resulting in a radial tire with a size of 195/60R15 containing a carcass ply of PET 1670 dtex/2.
  • a radial tire was prepared in the same manner except applying no reinforcing material layer.
  • a car (a domestically produced FF car with a 2000-cc engine) equipped with experimental tires was practically driven under the straight running and lane-changing conditions.
  • the driving stability was evaluated from the driver's feeling.
  • the evaluation was classified in comparison to the control as follows:
  • the total points are expressed in indexes based on the control of 100.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
US09/960,345 2000-09-26 2001-09-24 Rubber-based composite material and rubber article using the same Abandoned US20020059973A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-291,768 2000-09-26
JP2000291768 2000-09-26

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US20020059973A1 true US20020059973A1 (en) 2002-05-23

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US (1) US20020059973A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1190846B1 (es)
DE (1) DE60137385D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2319384T3 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090061210A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2009-03-05 Picodeon Ltd Oy Coating on a fiber substrate and a coated fiber product

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4358467B2 (ja) 2001-05-24 2009-11-04 株式会社ブリヂストン ゴム−繊維複合体材料およびそれを用いたゴム物品
JP3993464B2 (ja) * 2002-05-24 2007-10-17 株式会社ブリヂストン ゴム系複合材料およびそれを用いたゴム物品
RU2645479C2 (ru) * 2015-11-06 2018-02-21 федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Прогресс" (ФГУП "ФНПЦ "Прогресс") Маслотеплостойкий резинокордный композит

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4193437A (en) * 1977-09-16 1980-03-18 The B. F. Goodrich Company Self supporting tire
US4872932A (en) * 1985-10-15 1989-10-10 Bridgestone Corporation Method for making rubbery composite materials by plating a metal substrate with a cobalt alloy
US5637164A (en) * 1994-12-23 1997-06-10 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Aircraft tire with reinforcement insert
US20030015272A1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-01-23 Hiroyuki Teratani Pneumatic tire
US6673184B1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2004-01-06 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire and method for correcting tire uniformity thereof

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1053010A (ja) * 1996-05-23 1998-02-24 Bridgestone Corp 空気入りラジアルタイヤ
JP3555643B2 (ja) * 1997-04-15 2004-08-18 株式会社ブリヂストン ゴム系複合材料の製造方法及びゴム系複合材料の設計方法
DE69727302T2 (de) * 1997-05-26 2005-02-17 Bridgestone Corp. Sicherheitsluftreifen
EP1277874A4 (en) * 2000-04-28 2004-04-21 Bridgestone Corp RUBBER REINFORCING FIBER, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND RUBBER PRODUCT AND TIRE MADE OF SAID FIBER

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4193437A (en) * 1977-09-16 1980-03-18 The B. F. Goodrich Company Self supporting tire
US4872932A (en) * 1985-10-15 1989-10-10 Bridgestone Corporation Method for making rubbery composite materials by plating a metal substrate with a cobalt alloy
US5637164A (en) * 1994-12-23 1997-06-10 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Aircraft tire with reinforcement insert
US6673184B1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2004-01-06 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire and method for correcting tire uniformity thereof
US20030015272A1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-01-23 Hiroyuki Teratani Pneumatic tire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090061210A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2009-03-05 Picodeon Ltd Oy Coating on a fiber substrate and a coated fiber product

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60137385D1 (de) 2009-03-05
ES2319384T3 (es) 2009-05-07
EP1190846B1 (en) 2009-01-14
EP1190846A2 (en) 2002-03-27
EP1190846A3 (en) 2004-03-17

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Owner name: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION, JAPAN

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