US20010023008A1 - Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing - Google Patents
Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing Download PDFInfo
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- US20010023008A1 US20010023008A1 US09/839,555 US83955501A US2001023008A1 US 20010023008 A1 US20010023008 A1 US 20010023008A1 US 83955501 A US83955501 A US 83955501A US 2001023008 A1 US2001023008 A1 US 2001023008A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- spacer
- insulating material
- separation layer
- separation
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 sheets Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010022 rotary screen printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/8409—Sound-absorbing elements sheet-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
- E04B2001/8466—Solid slabs or blocks layered with an intermediate layer formed of lines or dots of elastic material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
- E04B2001/8471—Solid slabs or blocks layered with non-planar interior transition surfaces between layers, e.g. faceted, corrugated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
- Y10T428/231—Filled with gas other than air; or under vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24174—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including sheet or component perpendicular to plane of web or sheet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24174—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including sheet or component perpendicular to plane of web or sheet
- Y10T428/24182—Inward from edge of web or sheet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing including at least two separation layers made of a flexible material and spacer elements between the separation layers.
- the insulating material is designated for use as heat-insulating and sound-proofing material in technology (e.g. construction of cars or vehicles, aerospace engineering) and in civil engineering.
- Insulating materials are multicomponent systems whose structure is known to be composed of solid particles and gas volumes. Due to the favorable design and arrangement of these components in the cross section, the insulating effect is generated by small gas occlusions. It is known that the effective thermal conductivity of a material consists of the heat conduction of the solid matter and the effective thermal conductivity of the occluded gas. This results from the shares of the apparent thermal conductivities caused by convection and radiation within the structure and the proper thermal conductivity of the gas.
- the superinsulating materials can be constructed as a layer structure.
- the layers are formed by thin metal plates—mostly steel—or aluminum plates or by metallized sheets.
- spacers which are more or less insulating.
- Vacuum insulations are mostly used as panels or components, less as large-area materials, since the labor and material expenditure is very high in the course of production.
- DE-OS 40 03 770 A1 a heat-insulating encasement for a technical plant is shown.
- the aluminum foils By profiling the aluminum foils, (i.e., forming a cross-section of the aluminum foils into a non-planar shape, which is similar and comparable to corrugating or stamping), the aluminum foils form heat-insulating pockets.
- metal-coated sheets are directly connected with each other by short weld seams. In the spaces, there are inserted expanding elements which are required for the insulating effect.
- a disadvantage of these inventions is that a direct contact between the individual sheets is created. This promotes the heat conduction within the foils. These structures are hard and not flexible. Relatively stiff sheets of heavy weight are required for the profiling.
- the spacing is generated by the filling-in of fibres lying parallel with the sheet by means of ceramic particles or supports of glass-fibre paper.
- the invention according to DE-OS 35 32 663 A1 describes a soft superinsulation in which links that are incorporated according to a specific geometry provide the spacing of the metallized sheets.
- CS 24 30 75 an insulating material is presented in which a non-woven fabric consisting of polyester fibres and/or polypropylene fibres is covered with a metallized sheet.
- These non-woven fabrics, which are coated with a non-metallized sheet can be twice doubled and bonded at a specific pressure. This requires great energy expenditure.
- the contact surfaces between the spacers and the sheets are relatively large, because the fibres contact the sheets with their length. Therefore, heat losses due to heat conduction can be expected.
- Another object of the invention is to produce a superlight structure with a saving of material, i.e., which requires less material than conventional multilayered sheet insulating materials.
- Additional objects of the invention are to provide a multilayered sheet insulating material with economies of production expenditure, reduction of waste and lowering of transportation costs, mainly in the use of means of transport.
- a multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing in accord with the invention comprises at least two separation layers made of a flexible material and single and self-supporting spacer fibres arranged between the separation layers.
- the spacer fibres are oriented perpendicular to the separation layers and each separation layer is linked to ends of some spacer fibres at least on one side. The perpendicular orientation of the spacer fibres is retained over their whole length as well as at the connection spot.
- the insulating material also includes supporting fibres arranged between the separation layers and proximate the spacer fibres for supporting the spacer fibres.
- the supporting fibres are shorter than the spacer fibres.
- the supporting fibres may be arranged between and/or parallel with the spacer fibres.
- An adhesive agent may be provided for linking the separation layers with the ends of the spacer fibres and the supporting fibres.
- the layer structure perpendicular to the heat flow results from layer-forming parallel separation layers with a spacing of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
- perpendicularly oriented spacer fibres are used to ensure the defined distances.
- the number of layers is dependent on the application and, accordingly, on the required insulating efficiency.
- thin plane membranes with a low radiation coefficient are used as layer-forming elements or separation layers.
- Especially preferred membranes are polyester sheets in the range of 2 to 20 ⁇ m, also perforated ones. They may be coated with aluminum on one side or two sides.
- There may also be used other membranes such as non-woven fabrics, thin plates or sheets of ceramic material, cellulose and others with or without a metal coating.
- all fibrous materials e.g. polyamide, polypropylene, viscose, aramid, glass, carbon fibres
- 0.5 to 5 mm in length and with a minimum fineness of 0.5 tex may be used as spacer fibres.
- the fibres are advantageously arranged parallel to one another in a group and oriented perpendicular to the sheet.
- the geometrical arrangement of the spacer fibres on the membrane can be stochastic at points or defined, as a lattice structure or an annular structure. In this way, the contact surface and, thus, the heat losses caused by heat conduction can be minimized.
- the dimensions are to be designed to prevent contacting among the membranes after doubling. For doubling, the following variants can be distinguished:
- the separation layers are arranged in a defined way during any doubling, so that the spacer fibres will be superimposed exactly, partially or not at all.
- the separation layers are stochastically arranged during any doubling, so that the position of the spacer fibres cannot be described exactly.
- the advantage of the multilayered sheet insulating material according to the invention is that by upright fibres, a stable supporting function of the flexible separation layers is achieved. As related to the overall weight, the fibres only have a low percentage by weight. Due to the small contact surface of the fibre ends with the separation layers, an extraordinarily large heat insulation is achieved.
- FIG. 1 is a section through a multilayered sheet insulating material according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a detail drawing belonging to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 a is an example of a point array of the adhesive.
- FIG. 3 b is as FIG. 3 a, but with annular adhesive spots.
- FIG. 3 c is an example of a latticed arrangement of the adhesive.
- the production of the insulating material may be based on a continuously or intermittently operating process principle. It is produced in such a way that the separation layer is coated with the binding agent on one side or two sides. According to the geometry of the applied adhesive (FIG. 3), there is operated with rotary screen printing, stencil and squeegee or printing roller, or on the whole surface using an adequate technology.
- FIG. 3 a shows the array of the adhesive 3 ′ according to a geometry of points. The distances between the points are approximately constant in all directions.
- the adhesive spots have the shape of rings 3 ′′.
- the spacer fibres are arranged on the membrane in a ring-shaped geometry.
- An advantage is the enlargement of the supporting surface with the same contact area and thereby the improvement of the geometry of support and the reduction of heat losses.
- FIG. 3 c represents the application of adhesive 3 ′′′ according to a lattice structure.
- the chemically pretreated fibres are electrically charged in an electric field.
- the fibres align themselves with the field lines in the z-direction, and perpendicularly oriented and parallel to one another, they preferably get to the adhesive spots on the plane separation layer lying in the xy-direction.
- the perpendicular orientation is retained in the adhesive bed. Setting takes place in the following drying process.
- the membrane with spacer fibres on top of it can be reeled or put down as piece goods. It is thereby made available for further processing (e.g. doubling).
- the required insulating effect is achieved by producing an insulating element (e.g. a panel). For that, the membranes must be cut to a specific size, stacked and, possibly, connected with each other. Another possibility of achieving the insulating effect consists in the wrapping of the part to be insulated.
- the production provides several possible variations of the adaptation to the chosen materials and of the product-specific demands. This concerns, e.g., the regulation of the field strength, the fibrous material, the length and fineness of the fibre, the fibre coating density, the manufacturing rate and the take-up force.
- FIG. 1 A sectional view of a corresponding insulating material according to the invention is presented in FIG. 1.
- the insulating material has five separation layers 1 in the z-direction. In the x-y direction, fibre bundles with an even distribution 2 are provided. One end of the fibres 2 is linked to the separation layer 1 by an adhesive 3 . At the other end of the fibres, the separation layer is supported or sits close.
- the separation layer 1 consists of a polyester sheet coated with aluminum on both sides.
- the insulating layer has such a structure that the ends of the fibres 2 sit close to those spots of the separation layer 1 which are left free of fibre bundles on the opposite side.
- the fibre bundles consist of spacer fibres 2 ′ and supporting fibres 2 ′′.
- the spacer fibres 2 ′ are longer than the supporting fibres 2 ′′.
- the use of fibres having different lengths allows the reduction of the conduction through solid particles.
- the shorter fibres (supporting fibres) support the spacer fibres.
- hollow and profiled fibres By the use of hollow and profiled fibres, the heat conduction through the solid particles is reduced further. At the same time, the mechanical load capacity is increased, since hollow fibres, e.g., can support greater bending moments than conventional fibres. Hollow fibres and profiled fibres describe the shape of the fibres. Hollow fibres have a hole in them while profiled fibres have a profiled surface.
- the heat loss of the structure can be reduced by the use of fibrous materials with low thermal conductivity.
- gases between the sheets in this structure i.e., in the space 4
- gases between the sheets in this structure there can be used air, inert or insulating gases.
- the insulating effect is increased by evacuation.
- the separation layer 1 and the spacer fibres 2 ′, if required according to the invention also the supporting fibres 2 ′′, are connected by a binding agent to form adhesive spots 3 .
- the adhesive spots 3 are applied dependent on the geometry. When low-melting materials are used, the separation layer, the spacer fibres 2 ′ and the supporting fibres 2 ′′ can be connected with each other by formed fused spots.
- the individual sheets with the perpendicularly oriented fibres 2 can be connected with each other by means of adhesive bonding, fusing or stitch bonding.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing having at least two separation layers made of flexible material, such as sheets, non-woven fabric, paper or the like, and spacer elements between the separation layers. The spacer elements are formed by spacer fibers which are oriented perpendicular to the separation layers, and at least one end of the spacer fibers is linked, e.g., by adhesive, to a separation layer. The sheet insulating material also includes supporting fibers arranged between the separation layers and proximate the spacer fibers for supporting the spacer fibers. The sheet insulating material has very good insulating properties, a particularly low weight and high flexibility.
Description
- This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/242,583 filed Jun. 29, 1999.
- The invention relates to a multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing including at least two separation layers made of a flexible material and spacer elements between the separation layers. The insulating material is designated for use as heat-insulating and sound-proofing material in technology (e.g. construction of cars or vehicles, aerospace engineering) and in civil engineering.
- Insulating materials are multicomponent systems whose structure is known to be composed of solid particles and gas volumes. Due to the favorable design and arrangement of these components in the cross section, the insulating effect is generated by small gas occlusions. It is known that the effective thermal conductivity of a material consists of the heat conduction of the solid matter and the effective thermal conductivity of the occluded gas. This results from the shares of the apparent thermal conductivities caused by convection and radiation within the structure and the proper thermal conductivity of the gas.
- It is known that the superinsulating materials can be constructed as a layer structure. The layers are formed by thin metal plates—mostly steel—or aluminum plates or by metallized sheets. To prevent the layers from contacting one another, there are inserted spacers which are more or less insulating. These structures can be evacuated if certain demands are met.
- Vacuum insulations are mostly used as panels or components, less as large-area materials, since the labor and material expenditure is very high in the course of production.
- From DE-OS 39 00 311 A1 there is known a multilayered evacuated structure. Several thin steel sheets are permanently connected with each other by supports with low thermal conductivity using a suitable adhesive. By placing thin fibres or foamed plastic in the space, the radiation losses are reduced. By the position of the fibres parallel to the steel sheets, large contact surfaces are created which increase the thermal bridges and raise the heat losses. Plastic materials or steel are used as supports. Disadvantages of this structure are its stiffness, i.e. no flexibility, and its high weight.
- In DE-OS 40 03 770 A1 a heat-insulating encasement for a technical plant is shown. By profiling the aluminum foils, (i.e., forming a cross-section of the aluminum foils into a non-planar shape, which is similar and comparable to corrugating or stamping), the aluminum foils form heat-insulating pockets. In the heat-insulating mat according to DE-OS 35 07 323, metal-coated sheets are directly connected with each other by short weld seams. In the spaces, there are inserted expanding elements which are required for the insulating effect. A disadvantage of these inventions is that a direct contact between the individual sheets is created. This promotes the heat conduction within the foils. These structures are hard and not flexible. Relatively stiff sheets of heavy weight are required for the profiling.
- When sheets are used in the structure, the spacing is generated by the filling-in of fibres lying parallel with the sheet by means of ceramic particles or supports of glass-fibre paper. The invention according to DE-OS 35 32 663 A1 describes a soft superinsulation in which links that are incorporated according to a specific geometry provide the spacing of the metallized sheets. In CS 24 30 75 an insulating material is presented in which a non-woven fabric consisting of polyester fibres and/or polypropylene fibres is covered with a metallized sheet. These non-woven fabrics, which are coated with a non-metallized sheet, can be twice doubled and bonded at a specific pressure. This requires great energy expenditure. In all structures, the contact surfaces between the spacers and the sheets are relatively large, because the fibres contact the sheets with their length. Therefore, heat losses due to heat conduction can be expected.
- It is an object of the invention to provide an insulating material with an extremely high insulating effect at low weight, slight thickness and high flexibility. Attention should be paid to economical and ecological aspects.
- Another object of the invention is to produce a superlight structure with a saving of material, i.e., which requires less material than conventional multilayered sheet insulating materials.
- Additional objects of the invention are to provide a multilayered sheet insulating material with economies of production expenditure, reduction of waste and lowering of transportation costs, mainly in the use of means of transport.
- In order to achieve these objects and others, a multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing in accord with the invention comprises at least two separation layers made of a flexible material and single and self-supporting spacer fibres arranged between the separation layers. The spacer fibres are oriented perpendicular to the separation layers and each separation layer is linked to ends of some spacer fibres at least on one side. The perpendicular orientation of the spacer fibres is retained over their whole length as well as at the connection spot. The insulating material also includes supporting fibres arranged between the separation layers and proximate the spacer fibres for supporting the spacer fibres. The supporting fibres are shorter than the spacer fibres. The supporting fibres may be arranged between and/or parallel with the spacer fibres. An adhesive agent may be provided for linking the separation layers with the ends of the spacer fibres and the supporting fibres.
- The layer structure perpendicular to the heat flow results from layer-forming parallel separation layers with a spacing of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. According to the invention, perpendicularly oriented spacer fibres are used to ensure the defined distances. The number of layers is dependent on the application and, accordingly, on the required insulating efficiency.
- According to the demands, thin plane membranes with a low radiation coefficient are used as layer-forming elements or separation layers. In this way, the shares of the apparent thermal conductivities due to convection and radiation are minimized. Especially preferred membranes are polyester sheets in the range of 2 to 20 μm, also perforated ones. They may be coated with aluminum on one side or two sides. There may also be used other membranes such as non-woven fabrics, thin plates or sheets of ceramic material, cellulose and others with or without a metal coating.
- In principle, all fibrous materials (e.g. polyamide, polypropylene, viscose, aramid, glass, carbon fibres) 0.5 to 5 mm in length and with a minimum fineness of 0.5 tex may be used as spacer fibres.
- The fibres are advantageously arranged parallel to one another in a group and oriented perpendicular to the sheet. By the defined arrangement of the fibres cut to a specific length on the membrane, a constant spacing of the separation layers is achieved. The geometrical arrangement of the spacer fibres on the membrane can be stochastic at points or defined, as a lattice structure or an annular structure. In this way, the contact surface and, thus, the heat losses caused by heat conduction can be minimized. The dimensions are to be designed to prevent contacting among the membranes after doubling. For doubling, the following variants can be distinguished:
- 1. The separation layers are arranged in a defined way during any doubling, so that the spacer fibres will be superimposed exactly, partially or not at all.
- 2. The separation layers are stochastically arranged during any doubling, so that the position of the spacer fibres cannot be described exactly.
- The advantage of the multilayered sheet insulating material according to the invention is that by upright fibres, a stable supporting function of the flexible separation layers is achieved. As related to the overall weight, the fibres only have a low percentage by weight. Due to the small contact surface of the fibre ends with the separation layers, an extraordinarily large heat insulation is achieved.
- Other details and advantages will now be explained in greater detail with reference to embodiments thereof.
- FIG. 1 is a section through a multilayered sheet insulating material according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a detail drawing belonging to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3a is an example of a point array of the adhesive.
- FIG. 3b is as FIG. 3a, but with annular adhesive spots.
- FIG. 3c is an example of a latticed arrangement of the adhesive.
- First, the embodiment will now illustrate an example of the production of an insulating material, and then an insulating material produced in such a way will be described in greater detail.
- The production of the insulating material may be based on a continuously or intermittently operating process principle. It is produced in such a way that the separation layer is coated with the binding agent on one side or two sides. According to the geometry of the applied adhesive (FIG. 3), there is operated with rotary screen printing, stencil and squeegee or printing roller, or on the whole surface using an adequate technology.
- FIG. 3a shows the array of the adhesive 3′ according to a geometry of points. The distances between the points are approximately constant in all directions. In FIG. 3b, the adhesive spots have the shape of
rings 3″. Thus, the spacer fibres are arranged on the membrane in a ring-shaped geometry. An advantage is the enlargement of the supporting surface with the same contact area and thereby the improvement of the geometry of support and the reduction of heat losses. FIG. 3c represents the application of adhesive 3′″ according to a lattice structure. - The chemically pretreated fibres are electrically charged in an electric field. In this field, the fibres align themselves with the field lines in the z-direction, and perpendicularly oriented and parallel to one another, they preferably get to the adhesive spots on the plane separation layer lying in the xy-direction.
- The perpendicular orientation is retained in the adhesive bed. Setting takes place in the following drying process. The membrane with spacer fibres on top of it can be reeled or put down as piece goods. It is thereby made available for further processing (e.g. doubling). The required insulating effect is achieved by producing an insulating element (e.g. a panel). For that, the membranes must be cut to a specific size, stacked and, possibly, connected with each other. Another possibility of achieving the insulating effect consists in the wrapping of the part to be insulated. The production provides several possible variations of the adaptation to the chosen materials and of the product-specific demands. This concerns, e.g., the regulation of the field strength, the fibrous material, the length and fineness of the fibre, the fibre coating density, the manufacturing rate and the take-up force.
- A sectional view of a corresponding insulating material according to the invention is presented in FIG. 1. The insulating material has five
separation layers 1 in the z-direction. In the x-y direction, fibre bundles with aneven distribution 2 are provided. One end of thefibres 2 is linked to theseparation layer 1 by an adhesive 3. At the other end of the fibres, the separation layer is supported or sits close. Theseparation layer 1 consists of a polyester sheet coated with aluminum on both sides. The insulating layer has such a structure that the ends of thefibres 2 sit close to those spots of theseparation layer 1 which are left free of fibre bundles on the opposite side. - According to the representation in FIG. 2, the fibre bundles consist of
spacer fibres 2′ and supportingfibres 2″. Thespacer fibres 2′ are longer than the supportingfibres 2″. The use of fibres having different lengths allows the reduction of the conduction through solid particles. The shorter fibres (supporting fibres) support the spacer fibres. - By the use of hollow and profiled fibres, the heat conduction through the solid particles is reduced further. At the same time, the mechanical load capacity is increased, since hollow fibres, e.g., can support greater bending moments than conventional fibres. Hollow fibres and profiled fibres describe the shape of the fibres. Hollow fibres have a hole in them while profiled fibres have a profiled surface.
- The heat loss of the structure can be reduced by the use of fibrous materials with low thermal conductivity.
- As gases between the sheets in this structure, i.e., in the
space 4, there can be used air, inert or insulating gases. - The insulating effect is increased by evacuation. By means of the spacer fibres according to a certain geometry, it is ensured that no contacts between the sheets can occur due to air pressure up to 1•105 Pa (normal air pressure). The
separation layer 1 and thespacer fibres 2′, if required according to the invention also the supportingfibres 2″, are connected by a binding agent to formadhesive spots 3. Theadhesive spots 3 are applied dependent on the geometry. When low-melting materials are used, the separation layer, thespacer fibres 2′ and the supportingfibres 2″ can be connected with each other by formed fused spots. - The individual sheets with the perpendicularly oriented
fibres 2 can be connected with each other by means of adhesive bonding, fusing or stitch bonding.
Claims (2)
1. A multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing comprising:
at least first and second separation layers made of a flexible material, each of said first and second separation layers having an upper and lower surface whereby said upper surface of said first separation layer faces said lower surface of said second separation layer; and
spacer fibres adhesively bonded to said upper surface of said first separation layer and extending in a direction perpendicular to said first separation layer and toward said second separation layer such that said spacer fibres contact said lower surface of said second separation layer, said spacer fibres supporting said second separation layer at a distance from said first separation layer.
2. The multilayered sheet insulating material of further comprising supporting fibres attached to said upper surface of said first separation layer and proximate said spacer fibres for supporting said spacer fibres.
claim 1
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/839,555 US20010023008A1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2001-04-20 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19635214.2 | 1996-08-30 | ||
DE19635214A DE19635214C2 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1996-08-30 | Multi-layer foil insulation material for thermal insulation and sound insulation |
US09/242,583 US6280814B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1997-08-29 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
US09/839,555 US20010023008A1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2001-04-20 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/242,583 Continuation US6280814B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1997-08-29 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
PCT/DE1997/001901 Continuation WO1998009109A1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1997-08-29 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010023008A1 true US20010023008A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
Family
ID=7804197
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/242,583 Expired - Fee Related US6280814B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1997-08-29 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
US09/839,555 Abandoned US20010023008A1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2001-04-20 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/242,583 Expired - Fee Related US6280814B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1997-08-29 | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6280814B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0922179B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001505283A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE217697T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4375997A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19635214C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998009109A1 (en) |
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FR2847651A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-05-28 | Lautent Thierry Sa | Thermal insulation panel for buildings has covering film layer projecting beyond at least one edge of insulating material to overlap adjacent panel |
US20110070431A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-03-24 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Lightweight High Stiffness Composites Having Class A Surface Finish |
WO2016131035A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Zephyros, Inc. | Nonwoven infrared reflective fiber materials |
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US10113322B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2018-10-30 | Zephyros, Inc. | Vertically lapped fibrous flooring |
US10460715B2 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2019-10-29 | Zephyros, Inc. | Acoustic floor underlay system |
US10755686B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2020-08-25 | Zephyros, Inc. | Aluminized faced nonwoven materials |
US11110682B2 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2021-09-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Solid-gap multilayers for thermal insulation and management |
US11192327B2 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2021-12-07 | Axel Nickel | Voluminous meltblown nonwoven fabric with improved stackability and storability |
US11541626B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2023-01-03 | Zephyros, Inc. | Multi-impedance composite |
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DE19635214C2 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-08-05 | Univ Dresden Tech | Multi-layer foil insulation material for thermal insulation and sound insulation |
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US9944452B1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. | Multi-layer insulation |
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EP3751186B1 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2022-08-10 | Kaneka Corporation | Heat insulating sheet, heat insulating material, and method for manufacturing heat insulating sheet |
JP7261384B2 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-04-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Laminated sheets for insulation boards, insulation boards, structures and machinery |
DE102020132176A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-09 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel - Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Underground ice storage system in aquifers and aquifers for heat supply |
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- 1997-08-29 US US09/242,583 patent/US6280814B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-29 EP EP97941858A patent/EP0922179B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-29 AT AT97941858T patent/ATE217697T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-08-29 AU AU43759/97A patent/AU4375997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-29 DE DE59707294T patent/DE59707294D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-29 JP JP51117398A patent/JP2001505283A/en not_active Ceased
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US3936553A (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1976-02-03 | Rorand (Proprietary) Limited | Insulating materials |
US6280814B1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2001-08-28 | Technische Universitaet Dresden | Multilayered sheet insulating material for heat insulation and sound proofing |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2847651A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-05-28 | Lautent Thierry Sa | Thermal insulation panel for buildings has covering film layer projecting beyond at least one edge of insulating material to overlap adjacent panel |
US20110070431A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-03-24 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Lightweight High Stiffness Composites Having Class A Surface Finish |
US8173247B2 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2012-05-08 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Lightweight high stiffness composites having class A surface finish |
EP3076115A4 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2017-08-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Vacuum insulator and refrigerator having same |
US10137658B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2018-11-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Vacuum insulator and refrigerator having same |
US11542714B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2023-01-03 | Zephyros, Inc. | Vertically lapped fibrous flooring |
US10113322B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2018-10-30 | Zephyros, Inc. | Vertically lapped fibrous flooring |
US10460715B2 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2019-10-29 | Zephyros, Inc. | Acoustic floor underlay system |
US10755686B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 | 2020-08-25 | Zephyros, Inc. | Aluminized faced nonwoven materials |
WO2016131035A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Zephyros, Inc. | Nonwoven infrared reflective fiber materials |
US11541626B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2023-01-03 | Zephyros, Inc. | Multi-impedance composite |
US11110682B2 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2021-09-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Solid-gap multilayers for thermal insulation and management |
US11192327B2 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2021-12-07 | Axel Nickel | Voluminous meltblown nonwoven fabric with improved stackability and storability |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6280814B1 (en) | 2001-08-28 |
EP0922179A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
WO1998009109A1 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
DE59707294D1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
DE19635214C2 (en) | 1999-08-05 |
ATE217697T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
AU4375997A (en) | 1998-03-19 |
DE19635214A1 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
EP0922179B1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
JP2001505283A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
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