US1573407A - Typewriting machine - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16 ,1926, 1,573,401

J. LINDBURG TYPEWRITING MACHINE Fild Jzmf 31, 1924 l/rve/rfor Patented Feb. 16, 3.926.

inn'ren STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH. LINDBURG, BROOKLYN, NEW YGRK, ASSIGNOR IO UNDERW'OOD TYPE- WRITER, COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAVIARE.

TYPEWRITING IrIACHINE.

Application filed January 31, 1924. Serial No. 689,633.

To (4Z5 whom it may concern lie itxltnown that I, Josnrn: LINDBURG, a citizen of the United States, residing in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Typewriting. Machines, of which the following is a specification.

Thepresent invention relates to a device for correctly determining the positions of types to be set into a typewriting machine, and for holding them in place while they are soldered to the type-bars.

A comparatively simple device for this purpose is herein disclosed which can expeditiously and conveniently be inserted into or removed from the typewriting ma chine, and when inserted locks the platenframe in. a fixed case-position. This device comprises a'relatively stiff strip of spring.- metal shaped to rigidly loclr the main frame to the platen-frame of the machine. In this connection, a feature of the invention is to provide a case-sl1iftlocking device of great utility by having means to increase the resiliency and better accommodate any va- 7 riation found in the relative position between the main frame and the case-shift frame on different machines.

-When a type-bar is swung to the anvil mount on the platen-shaft, it is held there against the action of the usual return spring until the solder has hardened, so as to avoid the risk of displacement of the block on the type-bar.

Another feature of this invention is to provide a simple improved means for hold- 7 ing the type-bars in position during the soldering operation in such a manner as to preclude all possibility of disturbance of the type on the bar after the type is adjusted, and for grasping the type-bar-holding means so that it can be more quickly and more easily inserted into and removed from the machi is.

An object of the present invention is the provision of an improved adjustable mounting which will hold the type againstdisplacement in its ascertained correct position while the same is being soldered to the typebar, and the provision of means whereby this type-rest or anvil may be readily adjusted to such position that any type soldered to its bar while so in place on the anvil must print in true alignment with the other type. This mounting may be aflixed by a workman temporarily to the typewriting machine, and be adjusted and locked in correct position. Flexibility of adjustment angularly up and down, and backward and forward of the anvil are provided for in a plane at right angles to the platen-shaft. When any type selected for the purpose of setting the anvil is thrown by its bar against the anvil, the latter may be brought to position with its face or platform thereof flat against the face of the type, and with an aligning ledge on the anvil in engagement with the base of the type so selected.

Spring means to take up play between the screw and the anvil is also provided, and the threaded support for the adjusting screw may be slotted and provided with a tightening means to form a clamp which takes up the wear of the thread in the support for the screw, so that the screw does not turn too freely. The clamp-tightening means may also be used for locking the adjusting screw in a set position.

Another feature of the invention relates to the wedglng device for clamping the main bracket and the anvil-supporting bracket or anviluids-support, so that the anvil is held after being adjusted angularly, bachwardly or forwardly. The brackets ray he fastcnedtogether or released, by simply tightening a thumb-screw. The improvement comprises fitting the leading end of the bolt that passes through the main bracket and the lugs on the anvil-guidesupport with a \vcdging element having two prongs which have inclined edges and which straddle the bolt and engage the ends of a pin that passes through the end of the bolt to draw on the bolt by means of a thumbscrew threaded into the wedging element, consequently producing the desired clamping effect to rigidly hold the anvil in a ljusted position. The bolt may be keyed to the main bracket to prevent its turning, so that the wedging clement attached thereto is always in a convenient position for readily manipulating the thumb-serew.

Another feature of the invention provides an improvec. form of lugs on the anvilguide-snpport to give maximumadjustable movement with relation to the length thereof by bifurcating the same and to permiteasy assembly and dismounting of the anvil-guide-support, at the same time providing simple means to prevent the anv1lguide-support from being accidentally removed from the main bracket. This latter comprises a screw threaded into the end of one of the lugs, the head of which is arranged to overlap the cut-out portion in, the bifurcated lug and thereby form with the bolt extending through the bracket a stop to prevent the accidental removal.

1 A temporary or test platen may be provided, preferably mounted at one end of the same shaft that supports the type-blocksupporting device, so that the type that havebeen set in position may be tried out ,with other type as a check on the work before the device 15 dismounted from the typewriting machine.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings, 7 g Figure 1 is a view, in side elevation, partly in section, of a portion of an Underwood portable typewriter having the invention installed therein ready for the operation of setting and soldering a typeblock.

Figure 2 is a sectional view, in side elevation, taken on the line 2 2 of Figure 4:.

Figure 3 is a front elevation of the device, partly in section.

Figure 1 isa top view, partly in section, of the type-block-setting device shown in Figure 1. 2

Figure 5 is a perspective view of an improved form of device for holding the typebars in position while soldering.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a takeup spring shown in Figure 2.

' Referring to the drawings in which the invention is shown applied to an Underwood portable typewriting machine, the main portion of the type'bar-setting device, designated as 10, see Figure 1, may be of proper proportion and design to enable a'workman to temporarily substitute it for the usual platen. The device 10 may comarise a sleeve or hollow shaft 11 on one end of which may be suitably mounted a cylindrical test-platen 12, which preferably occupies less than halfthe length of the shaft 11. The outerend of the test-platen 12 may be provided with a ratchet-wheel 13 suitably positioned to be engaged by the usual detent platen-roll (not shown) on the machine for holding the test-platen 12 against rotary displacement. Each end of the hollow shaft 11 may have fitted therein a bushing 14:, (only the one on the right being shown) of proper size to fit a usual platen-shaft 15.

A et-screw 16 may preferably be provided at the right-hand end of the shaft 11 pass- "ig theret-hrough and through the bushing '14 to engage the platen-shaft 15, so that the shaft 11 will turn therewith in the usual manner. I V

A type-positioning tool 17 is shown mounted at the right of the test-platen 12 on shaft 11, preferably near the center of its length. The positioning-tool 17 may comprise a main bracket 18 having a collar portion 19 fixed on the shaft 11, which provides for angular adjustment of the same and which is fixed on shaft 11in a suitable manner, as by one or more set-screws 20. Upwardly from the collar-portion 19, a yoke-portion 21 extends which may be slotted to receive. one or more, preferably two, re: r 'ardly-extending bifurcated lugs 22 provided on an anvil-supporting bracket or anvil-guide -suppo.rt 23 .for adjustably mounting the latter to the main bracket 18. A pin provided with a head 31 may pass through the middle of the yoke 21, and norn'zally pass through the cut-out portion of he bifurcated lugs 22. The bifurcated lug form of connection offers an improved means for taking apart or assembling the positioning-tool '17. The lugs 22 are slidingly littedinto the slotted yoke 21, and by a novel clamping means, as wedging means 25, the lugs 22 of the anvil-guide-support 23 may be rigidly held in any adjusted position.

A wedging element 26. mounted on. the leading end of the headed-pin 24: forms therewith the improved clamping means 25. The leading end of the headed-pin 24 may be flattened, and have a pin 27 passing through the flattened sides. The ends of pin 2'? may be engaged by the inclined edges of two prongs 28 of the wedging element 26 which may straddle the leading ends of the pin 2 1. A thumb-screw 29 threaded through the upper portion of the wedging element 26 may bear on the pin 24: to draw the same into elfective position, whereby the sides of the slotted yoke 21, which are slightly flexible, are pressed toge her between the head of the pin 2 and the wedging eiement 26, to rigidly clamp the lugs 22 of the anvilguidesupport 23 in position. A washer 30 may be interposed betwen the wedging element 26 and the side of the yokev 21.

The wedging element may also be provided with a suitable means to hold the thumb-screw 29 in position, so that it can alwa s be conveniently manipulated. This may be accomplished by driving the pin 2% through the left-hand ear of the yoke 21 with clearance holes through the. other ears for the pin to keep the wedging element 26 in a 1. 1 mm H ieiatlveiy naed position. lhe backward and forward, as well as the up and down, adjustment of the positioning-tool 17 may in part be effected by rotating collar-portion 19 of the mainbracket 18 on the shaft 11, and further backward and forward adjustment of the anvil-supporting bracket 23 can be made by moving the bifurcated lugs 22 of the anvil-supporting bracket 23 through the pin 24: in the desired direction after loosening the wedging element 26.

Novel means may be provided to prevent accidental removal of the anvil-guide-support .13 from its mounting, preferably by threading a screw 32 into any one of the legs of the bifurcated lugs shown in Figures 2 and 4, as threaded into the righthand upper one. In design the relation of the cross-section of the leg of lug 22 in which the screw 32 is threaded should be such that the screw 5;. overhangs the cut-out portion of the bifurcated log 22 and should not interfere with the sides of the slot in yoke 21. In so proportioning the parts, the maximum forw and backward adjustment of the anvil-supporting bracket 23 is allowed to take PlfiCQ,'1I1Cl the head of screw 32 will engage the body of the pin 2% to prevent the anvil-guide-support 23 from being accidentally removed from its mounting. By removingscrew 32 the anvil-guide-support 23 may easily be assembled or dismounted from the main bracket 18.

Each usual ype-bar 34 is soldered at its free end into the back of a type-block 33, and to remove the same it is only necessary to break the solder. Before affixing a new type 33 to the bar 34, it is necessary to properly position the same both lengthwise and singularly of the bar and therefore the new type 33 must be rigidly held by the type block-setting device in the correctly determined position for the soldering operation.

Before beginninpthe type-bar-setting operation, it is preferable that a casedocking device 35 be inserted between the typewriter frame 36 and the caseshifting carriage 37 to prevent the shifting movement preliminary to and during the operation of setting and soldering the type, after which the usual platen may be replaced by the type-blocksetting device 16. is shown in Figures 1 and 3, the case-locking device 35 consists of a relatively still spring folded on itself and shaped to be held in place againstaccidental displacement, and to lock the case-shifting frame 37 from movement relatively to the machine frame 86. The locking device 35 is also designed to be easily inserted into and removed from the machine.

To improve the utility of the case-locking device 85, an extra fold or loop may be provided over the portion 61 which normally holds the case-shifting frame for more effectively accommodating variations of relative heights between the machine frame 36 and the case-shifting frame 37 in different machines, and the handle 62 may be enlarged to increase the resiliency of the device.

The typesetting tool 17 of the device 10 may next be positioned on shaft 11 at the printing point by loosening the set-screw 20,

sliding the collar portion l9 of the main bracket 13 along, and locking the same in any desired angular position thereon by retightening the screw 2t or the carriage of the machine may be moved to bring the tool 17 to the printing position by the usual letter-space in chanisu, not sl'iown.

'lhe anvil 'dp 33 through its rearaardly-ex lugs 32 adjustably secured to the yoke main bracket 18 by the pin A and the wedging element 26, as explained above. The anvil-gnide-sup port 2 may n'cfcrably be composed of a single block of metal and formed on its front side with means for slidingly engaging with an anvil 38 for np-and-down n'iov-ement, see From it. An car 3:) may be offset rearwardly from the m ddle of the upper side of the anvil 38 and may be bi'lt'urcated to receive the lower portion of a grooved adjusting thumb screw till. 15y turning the thumbscrew it), the anvil may be adjusted up and down on the front side of the anvilsupporting bracket Since any appreciable play in the connection between the thumb-screw l0 and the car 39 of the anvil 38 is liable to allow movement which will interfere with obtaining exact settings of the t e-bloek 33 take-up means 65 may be provided to eliminate this 1 irable ell'ect. Take-up means 65 may unt ne'lerably be in the form of a strip of flat spring bent over the top and down the sides of the car 39 of anvil 38 and normally having the ends (36 thereof extend rcarwardlv into the grooved portions of the thnml screw e'lO between the under side of the car 39 and the upper side of a shoulder of the groove on the thumb-screw 4:0, as shown in Figure 2.

Jo support the thumb-screw 40, the anvilile-snpport 2?) may have a projecting pi c &1 rearwardly extending f cm the top e thereof over the or 235) of the anvil 38. which may have a downwardly threaded hole 42 to receive the screw l0. in order that the screw lO may not move too freely in the threaded hole. when worn. a slit at at?) may be made in the proiccting piece 41 i'rrm the rear end thereof into the threaded hole and a screw 4d extending transverse 1y of the slit may be provided to adjustably draw the split portions of the piece ll together, thereby controlling the opening of the threaded hole The screw l lmay be used as a clam control, as described ab ve, or as a n no for locking the thumbscrew d0 against movement by tigl'itening the same when the row l0 has been set in an adjusted position.

In operation, the position an d adjustments of the anvil are lirst determined by aligning same with a type-block 33 and type-bar 34-. other than the one which is to be set or SOlLlQlQt'. and which is known to be correctly iositioned fortyping. After the bracket 18 and the anvil 38, above described, have been set at. the printing point any type bar 3 carrying a properly positionedtype-block 233 may be swung to the anvil 38 by depressing'on its type-key (not shown). The latter has a tlat platforin portion to for aligning the face of the type-block t iereon and an aligning ledge 46 at its lower edge to hold the base thereof. By means of the thumbscrew29, the wedging element 26 may be loosened which release the headed pin 24 to unclamp the lugs 22 from the yoke 21, and the anvil-sup wrting bracket 23 may be moved anguiarly, forwardly or baclrwarc y as need beto make the face of the typeblock 33 rest flat against the platform 15. "Xe-ti htening of the wedging element 26 by urning the thumb-screw 29 in place is adjustment. The thumb-screw 4-0 is b en turned to' move the anvil 38 until the ledge 6 thereof is in cngagcnicnt'with the base 0" the type-block 33. Thunib-screw t0 may b locked, if desired, by tightening the screw The correct position of the anvil 88 will thus be determined. The type-block 83 used to ascertain such a iosition is released, and another type-bar J t on which a type-block 33 is to be soldered is then thrown up tothe anvil 38. A new type-block 32-5 is set with its face flat against the platform the anvil 38 and with its base aligned on the ledge' ltl. The ype-bar St is then soldered or otherwise aliizred in a wellnown manner to the back of the type-bl 83.

Before afl'iiiing each type-block 00, means asily inserted into and removed from the machine'niay be provided for holding the type-bar 3t forwardly against the usual mechanism (not shown), which normally returns thesarne to its rest position. This may preferably be in the form of a type-bar-holding device 4'7, such as is shown in operative position in Fi ure l. The holding device 4L7 may consist of a flat spring punched and bent to have three extending port ons l8, and 50. The portions and may serve to hold the device in place, and L9,

.which has a finger or pressure edge 5%,

serves to, hold the type-bar The portions and 50 are offset from one another, so tl at when the device 47 is compressed spaced ends 51 of portion 4-8 may be set to be substantially supportedby a stationary part of the frame of the machine as under and against a of the typewriting machine. The portion 50 may be set'unoer and against the usual ty z-e-bar segment If the type-bar 3 1 has beenswung forwardly previous to inserting of the device 4?, then, when the latter is positioned as just described, the finger 5% effect laterally from the end of the portion 49 will bear with spring-pressure on the rear edge of the type-bar Eithoiding the bead 52 on the front frame' samelirinly in position with the type-block 33 flat against the anvil platform 45.

Two round holes 55 may be punched in portions and &9 to offer convenient means for grasping the device t? between the lingers to compress same when it is desired to insert it in or remove it from the machine. The type-blocks 33, when set, may be tested for alignment by moving the test-platen 12 to the printing point and typing in the usual After setting the type-blocks 33 and testing the same, the device 10 may be replaced by the usual platen with assurance that the types are in cor ect aligned position for printing.

Variations may be resorted to Within the scope of the invent-ion, and portions of the improven'ients may be used without others.

-aving thus described my inventiom'l claim:

Tl. A device for positioning type-blocks on pivoted type-bars of a revoluble-platen' typev riting machine, comprising a main bracket, pporting 111621119011 which said bracket is adjustable in a plane atright angles to the platen an anvilguide-support adjustable angularly, forwardly, or rearwardly on said inein bracket. in plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil mounted for up-and-down adjustment thereon, and means on the anvil-guidesupport to guard against accidental removal from said main bracket and to facilitate assembling and dis mounting thereof, said device being positionable at the printing point and adjustable to cause the face of a type-block to lie flat on the anvil and in c rrcct printing ali "y the type-block against the anvil.

2. device for positioning type-blocks on pivoted type-bars of a revolubleplsten typewriting machine, comprisinga main racket, supporting means on which said bracket is adjustable in plane right angles to the platen axis, an anvil-guidceupport adjustable anoularly, for? or rearwardly on said main bracket in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil mounted for up a d-down adjustment thereon, and Wedging .ns to clamp the anvil-guide-support to said main brat t in any adjusted position,

said device b -g positionable at the printing point and ad ustable to cause the face ofa type-block to lie flat on the anvil and in correct printing lignment upon operation fiype bar to carry the type-block against anvil. o. A device for positioning type-blocks on pivoted type-bars of a revoluble-platen typewriting machine, comprising a main bracket, supportinglneans on which said bracket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil-guide-support adjustable, angularly, forwardly, or rearwardly on said main bracket in a plane pnment upon operation of a type-bar to at right anglee'to the platen axis, an anvil mounted for upand-do\vn adjustment there on, Wedging means to clamp the anvil-guidesupport to said niain bracket in any adjusted position, and means to hold the Wedging means in a convenient position for ready manipulation, said device being positionable at the printing point and adjustable to cause the face of a type-block to lie hat on the anvil and in correct printing alignment upon operation of a t "bar to carry the typeblock against the anvil.

4-. A device for positionin type-blocks on pivoted type-bars of a revolubleplaten typewriting machine, comprising a main bracket, supporting means on which said b'acket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvilguide-support adjustable angularly, forwardly, or rearivardly on said main bracket in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil mounted thereon, adjustable connecting means to give up-and-down movement to the anvil, and take-up means to eliminate possible relative movement between said connecting means and the anvil, said dereaiavardly on said main bracket in a plane .atright angles to the platen axis, an anvil inounted thereon, ad ustable connecting means to give up-anddown movement to the anvil, and means to control the ease olf novement of said connecting means and to lock, ii? desired, the connecting means in any ad- Z'nsted position, said device bein iositionable atthe printing point and adjustable to cause the. ace of a pe-liilock to lie flat on the anvil and in correct printing alignment upon operation of a type-bar to carry the type-block against the anvil.

- 6. For a typew ing machine having pivoted type-bars, a tv e-soldering fixture insortable into the machine, having thereon a plurality of spaced nieans "forming a substantial support to engage the frame of the machine, with means thereon to engage and hold against movement a type-bar vrhich may have been swung to printing position, and an anvil for aligningthe type to the printing position.

' 7. F or a typewriting machine having pivoted type-bars, a typesoldering fixture insertable into the machine, having thereon a plurality of spaced means forming a substantial support to engage the 3"" nine of the machine, means thereon to engage and hold against movement a type-bar which may have been *ung to printing position, with gripping means thereon to facilitate grasping the fixture for inserting the same into or removing it from the machine, and an anvil for aligning the type to the printing posi tion.

8. For a typeivriting machine, a type soldering liiiturc inscrtabio into the machine, having means thereon for locking the typecarrying means and the platen against relative displacement with respect to each other, with means thereon capable of c coinniodating variations of positions in dilierent machines of the portions thereof to be locked by the fixture and to render the fixture more resilient, an anvil for aligning the type to a printing position, and means 'lor locking the type against the anvil.

9. In a typeu'riting machine having a revoluble platen, type-carrying means comprising pivoted t 'pebars for carrying typebloeks to strike against the platen, a device to temporarily replace the platen for positioning the type-blocks to be attired to the type-bars, comprising a main bracket having a pair of slots therein, supporting means on which said bracket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil-guide-support having a pair of bifurcated lugs extending into the slots in said bracket, a headed pin extending through the b 'ackct and loosely through cutout portions of the bi'l'ur-ated lugs to provide a connection between said bracket and anvilguide-support for backward and forward movement, and angular adjustment of the anvil-guidc-su iport on the bracket, displace-able means overhanging the cutout portions of the lugs to form with the body of the pin passing through said slots a stop to prevent accidental ](-3ll1()"i1l of the anvilguide-support and to facilitate assembling and dislnounting thereof, \vcdging means for clamping the tlDVll-fIUl(lC+$lll)jl0i'lL in adjusted position, and an anvil adjustabl supported on the anvil-guide support for holding a type-block in correct printing alignment.

10. In a l'ypcu'ritiug machine having a rcvoluble platen, type-carrying means comprising pivoted type-bars for carrying typeblocks to strike against the platen, a dc ice to temporarily replace the platen for positioning the type-blocks to be all'ixed to the type-bars, comprising a main bracket having a pair of slots therein, supporting means on which said bracket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvibguide-support having a pair of bifurca ed lugs extending into the slots in said bracket, a headed pin extending through the bracket and loosely through cutout portions ill) . means overhanging the cutout portions of the lugs to form with the body of the pin passing through. said slots a stop to prevent accidental removal of the anvil-guide-support and to facilitate assembling and dismounting thereof, wedging means comprising awedging elementfastened to the leading end of the headed pin, tightening means to err ect the wedging for clamping between the wedging element and the head of said pin the lugs in said slots of the bracket, and an anvil ad ustably supported on the. anvilgulde-support for holding a type-block in correct printing alignment.

11. In a typewriting machine having a revoluble platen, type-carrying means comprising pivoted type-bars for carrying typeblocks to strike against the platen, a device to temporarily replace the platen for positioning the type-blocks to be afiixed to the type-bars, comprising. a main bracket having a pair of slots therein, supporting means on which said bracket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil-guide-support having a pair of bifurcated lugs extending into the slots in said bracket, a headed pin extending through the bracket and loosely through cutout portions of the bifurcatedlugs to provide a connection between said bracket and anvilguide-support for backward and forward movement, and angular adjustment. of the anvil-guide-support on the bracket, displaceable means overhanging the cutout por- 'tions of the lugs to form with the body of the pin passing through said slots a stop to prevent accidental removal of the anvilguide-support and to facilitate assembling and disinounting thereof, wedging means comprising a. wedging element fastened to the leading end of the headed pin, tightening means to effect the wedging for clamping between the wedging element and the head of said pin the lugs in said slots of the bracket, means to fasten the headed pin against relative movement with respect to the bracket for holding the wedging means in convenient position for ready manipulation, and an anvil ad ustably supported on the anvil-guide-support for holding a type-block in correct printing alignment.

12. In a typewriting machine, type-carry ing means comprising pivoted type-bars for carrying type-blocks to strike against the platencf the machine, a device to temporarily replace the platen for positioning type-blocks to be afixedto the type-bars in correct alignment, comprising 7 a main bracket, supporting means on which said bracket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, as anvil-guide-support adjustable angularly, forwardly, or rearward'ly in said main bracket in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil mounted thereon, adjustable connecting means to give up-and-down movement to prising pivoted type bars for carrying type blocks to strike against the platen, a device to temporarily replace the platen for positioning the type-blocks to be affixed to the type-bars, comprising a main bracket, supporting means on which said bracket is adjustable in a plane at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil-guide-support adjustable angularly, forwardly, or rearwardly in said main bracket at right angles to the platen axis, an anvil mounted thereon, and adjustable connecting means to give upand-down movement to the anvil, having a resilient take-up at the connection to the anvil to eliminate possible relativemovement therebetween.

14. For a typewriting machine having pivoted type-bars with detachable type-bear ing blocks to be soldered thereto, a platenshaft, a yoke-support on the platen-shaft, a type-aligning device adjustably supported by the yoke to predetermine the relative position of the typo-block to the type-bar, and cam-actuated means to lock the aligning device in an adjusted positionto the yoke-support during the operation of soldering a type-blockto the type-bar.

1 5. For a typewriting machine having pivoted type-bars with'detachable type-bearing blocks to be soldered thereto, a'platen-i a type-aligning device adjustab'ly supported by the yoke to predetermine the relative position of the type-block to the type-bar, and means to clamp the aligning device to the yoke-support in any adjusted position, including a clamping pin, a pair of wedges, and a Wedge-operating thumb-screw.

, JOSEPH LINDBURG,

device adjustably sup-

Images