US1138376A - Firearm. - Google Patents

Description

G. HAMMOND.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED ocr. 25, I9I2.

Patented May 4, 14915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l INVENTOR. l MM Patented May 4., 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

'*wil/1111411115"l f G. HAMMOND.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 25, 1912.

FED STATES .PATENT @FFQE GRANT HAMMOND, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR F ONE-THIRD TO ALV C. WASHBURNE, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, AD ONE-THIRD TO FREDERICK Go CRANE, OF DALTON, `MASSACHUSETTS.

FIREARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

llmatented May 4l, 1915.

1/ '0 all whom it may conce/rn Be it known that I, GRANT HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of' Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, haveinvented a new and Improved Firearm, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates more especially to that class of firearms that are more or less self-acting in operation, and an object of my invention, among others, is to provide a mechanism for such a device that'will '\\'ithstand, to a maximum degree, the injurious effects from the gases and other products of combustion produced in the discharge of the piece.

A further object is to provide a firearm that shall be especially effective in its 0peration.

A form of device embodying my invention and in the construction and use of which the objects hereinabove set-out, as 'well as others, may be attained, is illustrated ih the accompanying drawings, in which l Figure 1 is a. view in section through the center of the barrel and handle of a firearm embodying my invention, with parts broken out to show construction. Fig. 2 is a view partially in side elevation ot my improved firearm, some of the parts being broken away to show construction, and the grip plate being removed. Fig. 3 is a side view of my improved firearm, with parts broken away to show construction. and looking in a direction opposite to that from which Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are seen. Fig. 4 is a detail view in section lengthwise through the handle on plane denoted by dotted line 4-4 of Fig. '2. Fig. 5 is a rear end view of the upper part of the pistol.l Fig. 6 is a detail view in section through the receiver. Fig. 7 is a detail bottom view of the receiver. Fig. is a detail view in section through the lower part of the haindle showing the means for securing the grips. Fig. 9 is a detail view showing the construction of the tripping rod. Fig. 10 is a detail view in cross section through the barrel on plane denoted by dotted line 10--10 of Fig. 3. Fig. 11vis a detail view in cross section through the handle on plane denoted by dotted line 1l--11 of Fig. 2. Fig. 12 is a detail view showing the construction of the magazine and the releasing means. Fig. 13 is a detail view in section through the magazine illustrating the construction of the detent. Fig. 14 is a detail vievv of the muzzle of the pistol showing a modified form of construction. Fig. 15 is a detail View showing the means for locking the firing pin sleeve Within the breech-bolt. Fig. 16 is a detail side view of the firing pin sleeve, a part of the firing pin, and the breech-bolt disconnected, said sleeve being` 'partially broken away to show construction.

ln the accompanying drawings the numeral ldenotes the handle of my improved firearm, constructed of any suitable material, and of a shape to be'readily grasped by and held in the hand. This handle, in the preferred form of construction, has a front edge piece 16 and a back edge piece 17 connected by webs 18 located at such distance from the sides of the handle as to provide recesses for operatin parts to be hereinafter described. A guar 19 projects from the upper` end of the front edge piece and a trigger 20, pivotally secured to the handle, is located within this guard in the usual manner. The handle is provided with va.` rious holes, recesses, etc., for the reception of operative parts of the mechanism, and such construction of the handle will be hereinafter described in connection with the various devices mounted within said handle.

A -receiver 21 is removably secured to the upper part of the handle, preferably by means of intermeshing lugs and' grooves, 1n-

the form of construction herein shown a T- shape'd lug 22 from the forward underside of the' receiver fitting a similarly shaped groove 23 iii the handle over the guard 19, and a T-shaped lug 24 at the upper rear end of the handle fitting a similarly shaped groove 25 in the under surface of the receiver. A hole 26 is made transversely, partially through the handle, extending transversely through the T-shaped groove 23 therein, and a. recess Q7, corresponding in shape to the hole 26 and registering therewith, is formed in the under surface of the lug 22. A receiver locking stud 28 fits within the hole 26, said stud having a transverse groove 30 in its upper side of a size toreceive the lug 22. The inner end of the stud 28 recessed and receives ,a locking stud uncutaway portion of the locking stud to rest normally in the recess 27 in the under surface of the lug 22, and thus holds the receiverl locked to the handle, but when sald locking stud is forced inward by pressure at its outer end, the transverse groove 30 will register with the lug 22 and permit the latter to pass thereinto for the purpose of detaching the receiver from the handle. On reassembling the handle and receiver, the

' stud 28 having been placed in position to permit passage of lug 22, when the recess in its under surface is located to reglster with the hole 26, the spring 29 will snap the locking stud 28 into place, locking the parts in position.

The receiverl has an opening extending lengthwise thereof for the reception of a breech bolt 33, and a counterbored threaded recess atthe front end of the receiver con tains the end of the barrel, whichend is threaded to engage the threads in the counterbored recess to secure the barrel in place. The barrel has an enlargement 35, round in shape, and preferably of a' size equal to that of the circle described by the general form of the upper part of the receiver. This enlargement forms a shoulder 36 that rests against the end of the receiver' when the barrel is secured in place. The lower front end ofthe receiver, and from which the lug 22 projects, constitutes a 'lip 37 that is concaved as 'at 38, this concavity being formed on the arc of a circle a trifle larger than that of the general shapeof the receiver, so that a space is formed between the enlargement 35 on the barrel and the concaved portion of said lip.

A casing surrounds the barrel, extending from the muzzle to the rear end of the re ceiver, in the kc onstruction herein shown this casing being composed of a muzzle section 39 and a breech section 40@ secured together with interengaging threads, the muzzle sec-l tion projecting into-the breech section, and having a shoulder resting thereagainst so that the casing as a Whole shall present a smooth outer surface. The two sections of the casing are so formed and united as to provide an inner shoulder 41 resting against the shoulder at the front end of the enlargement 35. The muzzle section of the casing is counterbored forming a spring chamber 42 for a compression spring 43 restino' against the bottom of the counterbore .an pressing against a collar 44, screwed onto the barrel and located a short distance from the muzzle thereof and within the casing section 39. Forward of this collar the barrel is preferably turned down to a 'slightly smaller diameter and relief ports 45- are formed through this reduced portion of the barrel on the muzzle side of the collar 44. A sleeve 46 is screwed into the end of the muzzle casing section 39, this sleeve being of a length extending substantially to the relief ports 45, thus providing a rellef channel 47 between the yreduced end of the barrel and the casing and between said collar and said sleeve. The compression spring will hold the parts normally in 4the position shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

It will thus be `seen that when a bullet is forced out of the barrel in the discharge of the piece, the gases of explosion traveling behind the bullet will pass through the relief ports 45 into the relief channel 47 and exerting their pressure against the sleeve 46 will move the casing forward along the barrel and against the force of the compression spring 43. This movementl of the casing will be sufficient to locate the relief channel 47 beyond the muzzle end of the barrel, permitting the gases to escap'e from said channel around the barrel, thus releasing thev force which moved the casing and permit ting it to travel backward under the force of the compression spring 43.

The breech section 40 of the casing is sub4 stantially U shape in cross section with side parts 48 extending from end to end and resting with their lower edges upon the upper edge of the handle and inclosing the receiver 21. The forward end of this breech section within the side parts is round to receive the screw threaded end of the muzzle section 39, and through the upper wall of this section of the casing.

4 A breech boltl locking recess 50 of annular shape is formed within the central bore in the receiver, and releasing grooves 51 extend from the end of the receiver into the breech an opening 49 is made f bolt locking recess. These releasing grooves are preferably located on the sides of the receiver diametrically opposite one another, and a guide groove 52 is formed preferably at the upper side of the receiver' and extending from the end thereof into said breech bolt locking recess. The breech bolt 33 has at its rear end locking lugs 53 arranged to be located in the releasing grooves 51 and to pass into the breech bolt locking recess 50. There is also a guide lug 54 located on the iring pin sleeve to pass into the guide groove 52. This guide lug is formed into ears `separated one from the other and between which an extractor 55 is pivotally movable. An unlocking cam groove 56 is formed in the outer surface of the breech bolt extending from a bolt returning groove 57 into a bolt returning recess 58. The breech bolt is also provided with a locking groove 59 extending for a short distance spirally about the breech bolt. An unlocking lu 60 projects from the casing section an is located normally in the bolt re.- turning recess 58 in the breech bolt and opposite the unlocking cam groove 56. This lug may be formed in any desired manner, as shown herein a sight piece secured to the casin section having the lug projecting there om.

an actuator 6l is located to slide in one of the releasing grooves 5l, as shown herein the groove onthe left-hand side of the lirearm being employed for this purpose. A locking stud 62 projects from the actuator into the locking groove 59 in the breech bolt.

The extractor 55 has a lip 63 arranged to engage the flange of the cartridge shell in the usual manner, and a slot 64 is formed in the extractor within which a spring latch 65 is pivotally mounted, being forced normally outward by means of a spring seated under the forward end of the latch.

l firing pin sleeve 66 is located in a central recess in the breech bolt, this recess being provided with a sleeve locking groove 67 and sleeve releasing grooves 68 extending from the end of the breech bolt into said locking groove. The sleeve has locking lugs 69 projecting preferably from opposite sides and located to pass into the releasing grooves and be located in said locking groove. A.

cap is formed on the end of the sleeve overlying the end of the breech bolt and with lugs overlying the locking lugs on the breech bolt which turns upon said sleeve. An openin@v extends from the irinof in sleeve recess to the end of the breech bolt and a liring'pin 70 extends through this opening and through said sleeve, having an enlarged shouldered part 7l engaged by a spring 7 2 located in the vfiring pin sleeve recess between the bottom thereof and said shoulder and tending to hold the firing pin normally in a backward position. The extractor 55 is pivotally mounted between the ears constituting the lug 54 on the cap of the firing pin sleeve.

" The actuator 61 conforms in shape, on one face, to the periphery of the breech bolt and,

'through the plug and with its ends located in the handle on opposite sides of the plug opening. Each side of the handle has a dovetal shaped groove extending lengthwise ol? the handle and nearly its full width and grip plates 83 'formed of wood, rubber or other propermaterial and having beveled edges'tit within said dovetail shaped grooves and are placed therein by a sliding movement longitudinally otl the handle. Holes are formed through these grip' plates immediately opposite the opening in the sleeve pin 82 when the grips are in place fr the handle, andv grip plate retaining pins e8 are located in the sleeve with their ends projecting into the grip platesl to hold them in place. A spring 85 is located between the pins pressing them normally outward. The inner ends of the pins are slightly enlarged and the ends of the sleeve are spun over the enlarged ends of the pins forming a lip to hold thepins in the sleeve. A. link recess 91 is formed in the back edge piece 17 of the handle within which the link 77 is located.

rlhe back edge piece 17 of the 'handle has a hammer recess 86 opening out of the magazine chamber within the handle and above the well 80, this recess openinf through to the back edge of the handle. hammer 87 is pivotally mounted in this recess in the usual manner and a hammer spring 88 is employed to force the hammer forward against the tiring pin.. A sear 89 is pivotally mounted in this'recess with a sear tail 90 projecting laterally through the wall of the recess 86 into a trip recess 92. The hammer is cut away forming a depression 93 having a stop. shoulder 94 against which a safety bar 95 rests. This safety bar is mounted beside the sear 89 andhas a sliding movement longitudinally ofthe handle riding on the Sear and on the depressed portion of the hammer, so .that it may be engaged with the shoulder 94 or disengaged there from. The upper end of` the safety bar rests in a slot 'in the bottom of the receiver. -A safety bar tail 96 also projects through the wall of the hammer recess into the trip recess 92. A scar spring 97 located in a hole in the back edge piece 17 forces the sear normally into engagement with the notches in the hammer and a safety bar spring 98 forces the safety bar upward to normally engage the stop shoulder 94.

A tripping rod 99projects through the wall of the guard `19 resting in Contact with lic iii

the trigger 20. Within the handle the tripping rod curves toward the side part of the handle to avoid the magazine and then passes along the side of the magazine, its'l ber, extending lengthwise of the handle in theiusul manner, and it-has a notch .-1,05 formed in its front edge for the reception ,of a spring seated holding pin 106. This pin has a trip tail 107 projecting laterally therefrom through the wall of the holding/pin -recess'into the path of movement of a magazine trip 108 located in a trip recess formed in the side of the metallic part of the handle. This magazine trip rests against a magazine trip lever 109 pivotally mounted in a bar 110, having beveled edges tting a dovetail shaped groove in the upper side part of the handle and removably located therein and held in place by the receiver, the opposite end of the lever resting in a recess 111 in the side of a releasing plunger 112 seated upon a plunger spring 113 in a plun er hole 114 formed in the back edge piece 1 of the handle and extended depthwise centrally thereof. The upper end of this plunger has an' offset lip 130 upon which a breech holding bolt 131 rests, said bolt projecting through a hole 115 formed through the bottom of the receiver. A spring detent 116 lies in a recess .in the side of the magazine and has a shoulder 117 'adapted to engage the trip lever 109 and hold it against movement under the force of the plunger spring 113. The side of this spring detent at its upper end rests against themovable floor in the magazine and against the cartridges thereon, and `when the last cartridge has been removed from the magazine, this floor passes beyond the end of the spring detent allowing it to move yinward and disengage the shoulder 117 from the trip lever 109.

The magazine trip 108 is pivotally mounted in the handle frame, its pivot extendinfr, if desired, through to the opposite side of the handle vand having attached thereto a finger piece 118 located in a recess in the side of theframe part, and by means of.

which the magazinetrip may be manually operated. v

In the normal position of the parts, 1t

l willbe noted that the safety bar 95 rests against the stop shoulder 94 on the hammer,

and it will, therefore,- be impossible to transmit any blow from the hammer to the firing pin and thus accidentally discharge the pistol. Likewise vin pulling the hammer backward should it accidentally slip from the grasp of the thumb, the pistol will not be discharged as the safety bar will prevent the force of the hammer being transmitted to the firing pin.

In operation, the hammer being cocked in y the usual manner, pressure upon the trigger 20 is transmitted throu h the tripping rod 99 to the sear 89 and sa et'y bar 95. In this movement of the trippin: rod the safety bar cam 102 acts against t e safety bar tail, moving the safety bar downward from in front of the shoulder 94 on the hammer.

Vagainst the projection formed by the upper wall of the trip recess 92, moves the tri ping rod downward disengaging the sear tail 90 from the sear shoulder 101, this after the hammer has been thrown forward, so

that lthe sear is now free to swing backward under the influence of its spring to rengage a notch in the' hammer as the latter is automatically cocked in the backward movement of the breech bolt, this action preventing doubling.

It will be noted that the simultaneous action of the two cams 102 and 103 imparts an increased movement to the safety bar over the movement of the tripping rod.

The hammer being released as -above de scribed and forced forward by its spring,

ioo

the primer is struck by the iiring pm, the

explosion takes place and the bullet is forced along the bore until it passes the relief ports 45, when the gases rush through the ports into the relief channel 47, and acting therein, force the casing forward, carryingy with it the sleeve 46 to such a distance that the relief channel 47 is opened beyond the end of the barrel so that the gases all escape from `the/relief channel past the end ofv the barrel.

During the operation above described the breech bolt has been securely held against backward movement by the engagement of the locking lugs 53 in the breech bolt locking recess 50, so that all of the force of the explosion is exerted upon the bullet substantially until the time it leavesthe barrel, thus imparting the full effects of the gases of eX- plosion to the bullet. As the casing, including the breech section 40, moves forward as above described, the unlocking lug 60, acting in the unlocking cam groove 56 rotates the bolt to its unlocked position with its locking lugs 53 opposite Ithe releasing grooves 51, and at the same time the spring latch 65 is depressed until the casing moves far enough to enable said latch to snap outward under the force 0f its spring and en gage the shoulder 119 on the interior of the' casing formed by the back of the lug 60.

As the casing now moves backward under the expansion of the spring 4?), the enga ement of the spring latch with the shoul er 119 causes the breech bolt to be pulled backward and with it the extractor 55, the lug resting, during this movement, in that end of the groove 56 to which it was moved in unlocking the bolt. The extractor pulls the shell from the breech opening in the barrel backwardly until its lower edge strikes an ejector 122 secured'to the receiver and traveling in an angular shaped ejector groove 122-3 in the breech bolt, this causing .ment of the locking stud 62 in the locking groove 59 moved the actuator 61 part of its way backward and against the force of the breech bolt locking spring 79, andthe location of the lug 60 in the straight part of the grooves :3G- 5.7 holds the actuator in this position and the breech bolt and actuator are moved backward simultaneously, further compressing the-spring 79. As the casing is moved backward, carrying with it the bolt and its adjuncts, by reason of the engagement of the latch with the shoulder 119 locking the parts together, when the latch passes under the rear wall of the receiver it is depressed and thus released from engagement with the shoulder 119, thus unlocking the breech bolt from-the casing at the extreme rearward movement of the latter. The engagement of the lugs 53 with the releasing grooves 51 also holds the breech bolt against turning movement, this in addition to the engagement of the lug 60 in the straight part of the grooves 56-57, and this engagement of the lugs 53 in the 'grooves 51 holds the bolt against turning movement during the return movement of the breech bolt to its closed position by the action of the comprssionlever 73 operated by the spring 79. In this return movement l of the breech bolt the lugs 5B pass along the grooves 51 into the breech bolt locking recess 50 and at the same time the lug 60 enters the bolt returning recess 58 when the bolt is now free to turn. This turning movement is eiected by the pressure of the lug 62 on the cam surface at the edge of the locking groove 59, this pressure being caused by the spring 79through the lever 73 and the actuator 61. The bolt is thus rotated to its locked position ready for the pistol to be again fired.

When the last cartridge has been forced from the magazine into the barrel the floor of thel magazine upon which the cartridges rest passes beyond the end of the spring detent 1.16 permitting the latter to spring mward under the action of its spring, releasing the trip lever 109, which, moving under the action of the plunger spring 113, rotates the trip 108 and diseugages the holding pin 100 from the notch 105 in the magazine, permitting the magazine to drop 'from its chamber, ready for the insertion ot' a new magazine. As soon as the pistol is discharged the breech bolt moves backward until the shoulder 121 thereon is opposite the end of the breech holding bolt 181 when the latter engages said shoulder and holds the breech bolt in itsretracted position so that a new magazine may be inserted. When this magazine is inserted thc spring detcnt 110 being held outward by the cartridges in the magazine will engage the lever 109 torcing its end upward lagainst force of the spring lli-3, moving the plunger 112 downward, releasing the breech bolt, allowing it to be thrown forward, and at the same time the l'iolding pin 100 is released and permitted to engage the notch in the magazine and retain itin place.

It will be noted that the mechanism herein described provides 'means for enabling the full effect ol the gases of explosion to be exerted upon the bullet, and at the same time prevent such fouling of the mechanism as u'ill cause the pistol to become inoperative. rlhe pistol can not be inadvertently discharged and injury to the user is therefore avoided;

lVhile l have shown and described herein a mechanism that satisfactorily performs the desired operations, this may be changed without departing Jfrom the spirit or intent o1 tln invention, which is, therefore, not limited to the construction herein speciically set forth.

l claim l. A. lirearm including a frame, firing mechanism, a barrel to receive a projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt, breech-bolt actua-ting mechanism including a casing composing a muzzle section and a breech section separably secured. together, the breech section being connected with the breech-bolt and the muzzle section having a chamber to receive the gases of explosion to actuate it, and a spring surrounding the barrel within the casing to return it to its normal4 position.

2. A firearm including a frame, firing mechanism, a barrel to receive a projectile for discharge, a breech-bolt, breech-bolt actuating mechanism including ay casing Within which the barrel is located, a collar secured to the barrel and closely iitting the interior of the casing, a sleeve secured to the interior ofthe casing and slidable on the barrel providing a space between said collar and sleeve, said barrel having ports communicating with said space, and means for returning the casing to its normal position.

3. A firearm including a frame, mechanism, a barrel to receive a projectile for discharge and having a shoulder on its outer surface, a breech-bolt, breech-bolt actuating mechanism including a casing surrounding and inclosing the barrel and having an interior shoulder to rest againlst that on the barrel, a collar secured to the barrel.4 and fitting the interior of the casing, a spring located between the casing and barrel and thrusting against said collar and againstthe casing, and a sleeve secured to the interior of the casing providing a space between said sleeve and said collar, said barrel having ports registering with said space in the normal position of the casing.

4. A lirearm including a frame and a receiver rigidly abutting one against-the other and having interengaging tongue and grooved members, meansv for removably holding said members in rigid engagement, a barrel projecting from the receiver, firing mechanism including a breech-bolt movable in said receiver and containing a firing pin, means for moving the breech-bolt, and means for actuating the liring mechanism.

5. A firearm including a frame and a receiver having interengaging tongue and grooved members arranged tov engage by a sliding movement but held against separation by a movement transverse to the direc- Ition ofA said sliding movement, a manually operated locking member for holding said parts against sliding movement, a barrel rigidly secured to the receiver, a breech-bolt located in the receiver and containing a {iring pin, means for actuating the breechbolt, and means for operating the firing mechanism. I

6. A iirearm including a frame and a receiver having interengaging tongue and grooved parts arranged to enga'geby sliding movement in one direction but prevented lfrom separation in a direction transverse to that of said sliding movement, said parts having a recess extending across said tongue to receivea locking stud, and a locking stud movably mounted in said recess to hold said parts in engagement but having a groove to permit disengagement.

7 A firearm 'including a frame and a` receiver havingv an interengaging locking tongue and groo ve, the grooved member havinga recess for thereception of a locking stud and said tongue also having a recess to receive said stud, said recesses extending to the outer surface of the structure, and a locking stud slidably mounted in said retiring maaar@ cesses to lock the parts in engagement but having a groove to permit passage of the tongue for disengaging action of the parts.

8. A firearm including a frame and a receiver having an interengaging tongue and groove arranged to engage in `a sliding movement in onedirection but toprevent separation by movement in a transverse dicured to the frame and having a breech bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereoutof and releasing grooves extending longitudinally of the receiver, a breech bolt slidably mounted in the receiver independently thereof and having locking llugs arranged to pass through said releasing groove into said locking recess, and a breech bolt operating mechanism including a member for rotating the breech bolt for unlocking movement only and another member to rotate said breech bolt for locking movement only.

10. Firing mechanism for a firearm, said mechanism including a receiver rigidly secured to the frame and having a breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thercoutof and releasing grooves-extending longitudinally of the receiver, a breech-bolt longitudinally saidchamb'er to.move independently of the receivervand having a locking lug to. pass through said groove into said locking recess, breechbolt operating mechanism including means for rotating the breech-bolt to unlock it, means to move it longitudinally, and means for rotating it in the opposite direction to lock it.

11. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver rigidly secured to the frame and having a breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening Vthereoutof and a releasing groove extending longitudinally of the breech-bolt and also having a yguide groove, a breechbolt located in said chamber and having a locking lug to pass through the releasing groove into the locking recess and also a guide lug located in said guide groove, means for rotating the breech-bolt in one means for moving the breech-bolt longitudinally independently of the receiver, and means separate from the unlocking means to locate the breech-bolt in locked position.

12. A firing mechanism for a firearm inand rotatably mounted in.

to the surface of said parts to lock cluding a receiver rigidly secured to the frame and having a breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereoutof and a releasing groove extending longitudinally into said recess, means for rotating the breech-bolt to unlocked position, means for moving it longitudinally independently of thereceiver from said unlocked position, and means for moving it longitudinally to its locked position and also for rotating 1t to lock it against movement.

13. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver having a breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereoutof and a releasing groove extend- -ing longitudinally into said recess, a breechbolt located in said chamber and-having a locking lug to pass from said groove into said recess, said breech-bolt having an unlocking cam groove and a locking cam groove, means projecting into said unlocking cam groove to unlock the bolt, means for actuating said unlocking means, means projecting into said cam locking grooveto lock the bolt, and means for operating said locking members.

14. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver having a breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereoutof and a releasing groove extending longitudinally into saidrecess, a breechbolt located in said chamber and having a locking lug arranged to pass through said groove into said recess, said bolt also having a cam unlocking groove, a lug returning groove and a lug returning recess opening oneinto another, said bolt also having a cam locking` groove, unlocking means containing a lug projecting into said unlockin and returning grooves and recess, means or operating the unlocking means, locking means including a member having a part projecting into said locking groove, and means for operating the locking member.

15. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver having a breech-bolt chamber vvith a locking recess opening thereoutof and a releasing groove extending longitudinally into said recess, a breech-bolt located in said chamber and having a lug' arranged to pass through said groove into said recess and also having a cam unlocking groove, a casing movably mounted on the frame, means for actuating the casing, a lug projecting from the casing into said unlocking groove, means for engaging the breech bolt with the casing to move the breech bolt backward, and means for locking the breech bolt.

16. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver having a .breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereoutof and a releasing groove extending longitudinallyinto said recess, a breech-bolt located in said chamber and having a locking lug arranged to pass through said groove into said recess and also having a cam unlocking groove, a 'casing' movably mounted on the frame and having a lug engaging said Cam unlocking groove, means for en gaging the breech-bolt with said casing in its'backward movement and for automatically disengaging said parts, and means for returning the breech-bolt to its forward position.

17. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver having a breech-bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereoutof and a releasing groove extending longitudinally into said recess, a breech-bolt located in said chamber and having a locking Alug arranged to pass through said groove into said recess, said bolt also having a cam locking groove, an actuator having a stud engaging said locking groove, means for unlocking the bolt and for moving it backward, and means for moving said actuator to lock the bolt and for moving it foi-Ward to its normal position.

18. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a breech-bolt rotatably and longitu- .dinally movably mounted, means for unlocking the breech-bolt and for moving it backward, said bolt having a cam locking groove, an actuator having a stud engaging said groove, an actuating lever loosely engaging with said actuator, and a spring connected with said lever to return it to its normal position.

19. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a breech-bolt rotatably mounted for locking and unlocking action and longitudi- 4nally movable for breech opening action,

said breech-bolt having a cam unlocking and a cam locking groove, a member automatically movably mounted and engaging said cam unlocking groove to unlock the bolt, means for connecting said member to the bolt to move it longitudinally, a member engaging said locking groove, and a spring actuated lever connected with said member to move the bolt in one direction and to rotate it to locked position.

20. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a breech-bolt rotatably mounted for locking and unlocking action and longitudinally movable for breech opening action, said bolt having a cam groove, a member automatically movable in the discharge of the pistol and having a lug engaging said groove, a latch borne by the breech-bolt to engage said automatically movable member, and means for returning the breech-bolt and for locking it.

21. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a breech-bolt, an extractor secured to the breech-bolt, a member automatically movable in the discharge of the pistol and slidable in engagement with said extractor, means for holding said member in engagement with the extractor during rearward' movement of the breech-bolt, means for returning the breechbolt to normal position' and means for disengaging said member and the extractor. i

22. A ring mechanism fora firearm including a casing, a breech bolt movable independently of the casing, an extractor secured to the-breech bolt in position to -engage the casing to lock the extractor in engagement with a cartridge shell until after ejection of said shell, and means for disengaging said shell from the extractor.

23. A firing mechanism for a firearm member on its backward movement, meansy for disengaging the latch, and means for moving the breech-bolt forward.

24. A firing mechanism for a firearm including a receiver having a breech bolt chamber with a locking recess opening thereinto Said recess,

outofand a releasing groove extending longltudmally into said recess, a breech bolt located in said chamber and having a locking lug arranged to pass through said groove said bolt also having a cam unlocking groove,.a bolt returning groove and la bolt returning recess opening one into another, lug projecting'into said unlocking groove and recess,means forl operating the unlockling member and means for locking the parts.

25. A firing mechanism fora firearm including a receiver having chamber, a locking recess and a releasing groove extending longitudinally into said recess, a breechbolt located in said chamber andhaving an unlocking' cam groove, a

member movably mounted on the receiver -l'and having a part projecting'into -said cam groove tounlock the bolt, a locking member movably mounted on the receiver and connected with the breech bolt to unlock it, and

)means for moving said 'locking member to lock the bolt.

' GRANT HAMMOND. Witnesses:

A. E. OBRIEN, ARTHUR B. JENKINS.

an unlocking member bearing a l a breech bolt"

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