TWM517295U - Burning control system with improved boiler steam yield stability of incinerator - Google Patents
Burning control system with improved boiler steam yield stability of incinerator Download PDFInfo
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本創作係有關於一種具提升焚化爐鍋爐蒸汽產量穩定性之燃燒控制系統,透過改良進料器及爐床作動方式,配合新開發之火線判斷器、結合蒸汽產量及產汽量斜率變化、廢氣含氧量及二次燃燒室的溫度等參數,自動調控垃圾進料器、爐床的作動數度與等待時間以及燃燒空氣的風量及分配,藉以減緩垃圾進料量的不穩定性、改善爐床上火線位置垃圾層厚的偏移,並大幅提高燃燒效果及蒸汽穩定度。 This creation is about a combustion control system with improved steam production stability of the incinerator boiler. The improved feeder and hearth actuation mode, combined with the newly developed fire line judger, combined steam output and steam production slope change, exhaust gas Parameters such as oxygen content and temperature of the secondary combustion chamber automatically adjust the operation and waiting time of the garbage feeder and the hearth, as well as the air volume and distribution of the combustion air, thereby slowing the instability of the garbage feed and improving the furnace. The thickness of the garbage layer in the position of the fire line on the bed is greatly increased, and the combustion effect and steam stability are greatly improved.
隨著一般民眾的日常生活、製造業的運作,無時無刻不斷的製造出各種垃圾或廢棄物,如果沒有妥善處理,會導致嚴重的公眾衛生安全問題,比如空氣污染、水污染,甚至污染農作物、飲用水。因此,如何有效處理垃圾或廢棄物一直以來都是現代化社會很重要的課題,尤其是要防止二次污染發生。 With the daily life of the general public and the operation of the manufacturing industry, all kinds of garbage or waste are produced all the time. If not properly handled, it will lead to serious public health and safety problems, such as air pollution, water pollution, and even pollution of crops and drinking. water. Therefore, how to effectively dispose of garbage or waste has always been an important issue in modern society, especially to prevent secondary pollution.
一般而言,衛生掩埋是最常用的垃圾處理方式,只需要利用一片土地當作掩埋場,並建構可防止污染地下水的適當圍阻結構體,以及廢水、沼氣排放設施,便可以利用土壤逐層覆蓋垃圾而達到衛生掩埋的功效。不過,近年來隨著土地的取得不易以及附近居民的反對、抗爭,利用高溫焚化爐燃燒垃圾的方式處理便顯得更加經濟、可行、有效率,因為只需要較小的土地以建置封閉型的焚化廠即可,並具有垃圾減量、避免滋生細菌及發出異味的優點,尤其是都會型地區,已普遍採用焚化廠解決經常性的垃圾。 In general, sanitary burial is the most common method of waste disposal. It only needs to use a piece of land as a landfill and construct a proper containment structure to prevent pollution of groundwater, as well as waste water and biogas discharge facilities. Cover the garbage and achieve the effect of sanitary burial. However, in recent years, with the difficulty in obtaining land and the opposition and resistance of nearby residents, it is more economical, feasible and efficient to use high-temperature incinerators to burn garbage, because only small land is needed to build closed type. The incineration plant can be used, and it has the advantages of reducing waste, avoiding bacteria and emitting odor. Especially in metropolitan areas, incineration plants have been widely used to solve recurring garbage.
此外,垃圾在高溫燃燒過程中,還可產生額外的熱量,能用來提供發電、供暖,或可加熱溫水游泳池,進而提高能源的使用效率,並可降低焚化廠的部分操作費用。雖然垃圾在高溫燃燒中大部分會轉換成炭 灰、水蒸汽、二氧化碳,再經適當集塵處理而直接排放至大氣中,但還是產生有害的氮氧化物、硫氧化物、一氧化碳等氣體,以及無法燃燒分解的固體灰渣,需要利用廢氣處理設備以去除有害氣體並將固體灰渣以固化或最終掩埋方式處理。 In addition, the garbage can generate additional heat during high-temperature combustion, which can be used to provide power generation, heating, or a heated swimming pool, thereby improving energy efficiency and reducing part of the operating costs of the incineration plant. Although most of the waste will be converted into charcoal during high temperature combustion. Ash, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and then directly discharged into the atmosphere through appropriate dust collection, but still produce harmful nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and other gases, as well as solid ash that cannot be burned and decomposed, need to use exhaust gas treatment Equipment to remove harmful gases and treat the solid ash in a solidified or final buried manner.
然而,習用技術中焚化爐的缺點在於都市廢棄物與事業廢棄物的垃圾品質並不穩定,而且習用技術的焚化爐是利用蒸汽流量控制進料器、爐床啟動時機以控制燃燒狀況,其作動取決於蒸汽較設定點高低決定進料與否,試圖得到穩定之蒸汽產量,由於蒸汽產量為燃燒反應的落後指標,針對垃圾性質的變化,這種只以蒸汽產量作為主要控制因子的控制方式無法即時有效的抑制垃圾品質不穩定的狀況,如當蒸汽量過高時,系統會停止進料,當蒸汽產量不足時,會持續進料。但持續一段時間的停止進料後,當爐床上垃圾燃燒殆盡時,往往導致蒸汽急速下降,反之持續一段時間的推料,可能會因推料過度導致蒸汽產量急速增加,造成系統的不穩定性,也可能造成垃圾進料量不符所需、爐床上垃圾層厚度偏移,以及火線位置偏移等問題。 However, the disadvantage of the incinerator in the conventional technology is that the quality of the waste of the municipal waste and the commercial waste is not stable, and the conventional incinerator uses the steam flow control feeder and the start timing of the hearth to control the combustion state, and its operation Depending on whether the steam is higher than the set point to determine the feed or not, trying to obtain stable steam production, because the steam production is a backward indicator of the combustion reaction, the control method that only uses steam production as the main control factor cannot be used for the change of the nature of the garbage. Instantly and effectively suppress the unstable quality of the garbage. For example, when the steam volume is too high, the system will stop feeding, and when the steam production is insufficient, the feed will continue. However, after the feed is stopped for a period of time, when the waste on the hearth is exhausted, the steam will suddenly drop rapidly. Otherwise, the push for a period of time may cause the steam output to increase rapidly due to over-feeding, resulting in system instability. Sexuality may also cause problems such as the amount of garbage feed does not match, the thickness of the waste layer on the hearth, and the position of the fire line.
此外,當突然遇到低熱值的垃圾時,會因需要較長的乾燥時間,而使得蒸汽產量偏低,此時需減緩進料,使垃圾可以獲得充分的燃燒,但習用技術會判斷為進料量不足而加速進料,導致自動控制失控。又如當大量垃圾開始劇烈燃燒時,有時會導致火線太過靠近進料端,表示垃圾量即將不足,此時應該進料,但習用技術卻會判斷為燃燒過剩需減少進料,使得燃燒狀況與蒸汽產量不穩定。由於習用技術無法判斷火線位置及垃圾之狀況(如比重),遇到產汽量急遽上升或急遽下降,習用技術也無法自動產生警報並及即時採取必要控制措施,尤其是當進料器發生作動異常而使得垃圾無法進入爐床時,亦無法自動產生警報及執行控制,而在錯失第一時間的控制點後,會讓蒸汽產量上下劇烈起伏,嚴重影響焚化爐的整體操作及控制,甚至導致停爐或跳機的風險。再者,上述這些不穩定的燃燒狀況與蒸汽產量對於設備與操控人員來說是非常沉重的工作負擔及心理壓力,很容易發生人為疏忽而造成災害。 In addition, when a low-calorie waste is suddenly encountered, the steam production is low due to the need of a long drying time. At this time, the feed needs to be slowed down so that the garbage can be fully burned, but the conventional technology judges that Insufficient feed and accelerated feed, resulting in loss of control of automatic control. Another example is when a large amount of garbage starts to burn intensely, sometimes the fire line is too close to the feeding end, indicating that the amount of garbage is about to be insufficient. At this time, it should be fed, but the conventional technology will judge that the excessive combustion needs to reduce the feed, so that the combustion The situation and steam production are unstable. Since the conventional technology cannot judge the position of the fire line and the condition of the garbage (such as the specific gravity), the conventional technology can not automatically generate an alarm and immediately take necessary control measures, especially when the feeder is activated, in the event of sudden increase or sudden drop in steam production. When the abnormality makes the garbage unable to enter the hearth, it can not automatically generate alarms and perform control. After missing the control point of the first time, the steam output will fluctuate up and down, which will seriously affect the overall operation and control of the incinerator, and even lead to The risk of shutting down or jumping. Moreover, these unstable combustion conditions and steam production are very heavy workload and psychological pressure for equipment and operators, and it is easy to cause human inadvertent disasters.
因此,很需要一種新式的具提升焚化爐鍋爐蒸汽產量穩定性 之燃燒控制系統,達到更加良好的燃燒效果與蒸汽穩定度,藉以解決上述習用技術的問題。 Therefore, there is a great need for a new type of steam incinerator boiler with stable steam production stability. The combustion control system achieves a better combustion effect and steam stability, thereby solving the problems of the above-mentioned conventional technology.
本創作之主要目的在於提供一種具提升焚化爐鍋爐蒸汽產量穩定性之燃燒控制系統,包括火線判斷器、進料器、爐床、灰渣滾輪、出灰機構、風機單元、風箱、篩灰機構、二次燃燒室、水管牆、汽鼓、過熱段管排、廢氣排氣段以及中控單元,用以連續控制並燃燒處理廢棄物,產生產汽量(蒸汽產量),驅動渦輪蒸汽機而使得發電機發電、產生發電量。 The main purpose of this creation is to provide a combustion control system with improved steam production stability of the incinerator boiler, including fire line judger, feeder, hearth, ash roller, ashing mechanism, fan unit, bellows, screen ash Mechanism, secondary combustion chamber, water pipe wall, steam drum, superheated pipe row, exhaust gas exhaust section and central control unit for continuously controlling and burning waste, generating steam production (steam production), driving turbine steam engine The generator is used to generate electricity and generate electricity.
投料斗可容置廢棄物,而進料器位於投料斗的下方,可輸入、進料廢棄物,且爐床連結至進料器,並具有傾斜面,可承載並攪拌、乾燥、焚燒、推進來自進料器的廢棄物。灰渣滾輪連結爐床的尾端,可移動排除焚燒後的灰渣。 The hopper can accommodate waste, and the feeder is located below the hopper, can input and feed waste, and the hearth is connected to the feeder, and has an inclined surface, which can carry and stir, dry, incinerate and propel Waste from the feeder. The ash roller is connected to the tail end of the hearth to remove the ash from the incineration.
本創作為增加垃圾進料的穩定性,將進料器與爐床作動方式改為連續式作動,捨棄以往以蒸汽產量上下限做為啟動進料器與爐床的依據(批次進料)。其作動速度的調整除受蒸汽流量控制外,同時考量蒸汽流量變化率、火線位置、二次燃燒室的溫度以及氧氣偵測器所量測的氧氣含量等參數綜合考量,以調整進料器及爐床作動速度。由於爐床及進料機械作動特性本身有速度上的限制,當系統規劃速度低於設備極限限時下限時,本創作將自動以時間控制器輔助,當進料器及爐床每回合做動結束後,時間控制器將啟動,暫停進料器及爐床作動一段時間後,再繼續作動。 In order to increase the stability of the garbage feed, the operation of the feeder and the hearth is changed to continuous operation, and the upper and lower limits of steam production are used as the basis for starting the feeder and the hearth (batch feed). . In addition to the steam flow control, the adjustment of the operating speed takes into account the parameters such as the steam flow rate change rate, the position of the hot line, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, and the oxygen content measured by the oxygen detector to adjust the feeder and The hearth is operated at a speed. Due to the speed limitation of the operating characteristics of the hearth and the feeding machine, when the system planning speed is lower than the lower limit of the equipment limit, the creation will automatically be assisted by the time controller, when the feeder and the hearth are finished every turn. After that, the time controller will start, and the feeder and the hearth will be suspended for a period of time before continuing.
風機單元包含一次風機以及二次風機,其中一次風機可將外部的常溫空氣注入到空氣預熱器,並經預熱後產生預熱空氣而注入到位於爐床下方的風箱,並經風箱的孔口調配進注入到爐床不同部位的風量以使得廢棄物產生乾燥及燃燒並冷卻燃燒後的灰渣,而二次風機可將外部的常溫空氣直接注入到位於爐床上方的二次燃燒室,使廢氣產生擾流,加強廢氣與燃燒空氣的混和,使廢氣完全燃燒,降低污染物排放量,調節二次燃燒室的溫度。 The fan unit comprises a primary fan and a secondary fan, wherein the primary fan can inject external normal temperature air into the air preheater, and after preheating, generates preheated air and injects into the bellows under the hearth, and passes through the bellows. The orifice is blended into the air volume injected into different parts of the hearth to make the waste dry and burn and cool the burnt ash, and the secondary fan can directly inject the external normal temperature air into the secondary combustion located on the hearth. The chamber generates a turbulent flow of the exhaust gas, strengthens the mixing of the exhaust gas and the combustion air, completely burns the exhaust gas, reduces the pollutant discharge amount, and adjusts the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber.
位於灰渣滾輪下方的出灰機構可收集並冷卻及移除來自爐床的灰渣,二次燃燒室配置至少二溫度計,可量測二次燃燒室的溫度。篩 灰機構是位於爐床的下方,可收集廢棄物燃燒後經爐床縫隙所掉落之的顆粒物,而底部管排位於篩灰機構的下方,並以向下傾斜角而連接出灰機構,可接收顆粒物並藉重力而傳送至出灰機構。 The ashing mechanism located below the ash roller collects and cools and removes ash from the hearth, and the secondary combustion chamber is configured with at least two thermometers to measure the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber. screen The ash mechanism is located below the hearth, and collects the particulate matter dropped by the gap of the hearth after the waste is burned, and the bottom tube row is located below the ashing mechanism, and is connected to the ashing mechanism at a downward inclination angle. The particulate matter is received and transferred to the ashing mechanism by gravity.
水管牆包含液態水,是位於二次燃燒室內,可吸收二次燃燒室的廢熱,使得水管牆內的液態水因蒸發而產生飽和蒸汽。汽鼓連接水管牆,並位於二次燃燒室的上方,可容置水管牆所產生的飽和蒸汽。過熱段管排是連接汽鼓,可將飽和蒸汽經過熱段鍋爐加熱後而產生過熱蒸汽。渦輪蒸汽機連接過熱段管排並接收產汽量以驅動發電機,經發電後產生發電量。 The water pipe wall contains liquid water, which is located in the secondary combustion chamber and can absorb the waste heat of the secondary combustion chamber, so that the liquid water in the water pipe wall generates saturated steam due to evaporation. The steam drum is connected to the water pipe wall and is located above the secondary combustion chamber to accommodate the saturated steam generated by the water pipe wall. The superheated tube row is connected to the steam drum, which can generate superheated steam after the saturated steam is heated by the hot section boiler. The turbo steam engine is connected to the superheated pipe row and receives the steam production amount to drive the generator, and generates electricity after power generation.
廢氣排氣段連接鍋爐,可排放廢棄物所產生的廢氣,且廢氣排氣段設置有氧氣偵測器,可量測廢氣排氣段中廢氣的氧氣含量。 The exhaust gas exhaust section is connected to the boiler to discharge exhaust gas generated by the waste, and the exhaust gas exhaust section is provided with an oxygen detector for measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas exhaust section.
火線判段器包含爐床監視器、層厚監測儀、及火線分析單元。火線分析單元利用色差原理解析監視器畫面,燃燒火焰段,於監視畫面呈現較亮,而以燃燒完畢的灰燼段則顏色相對較暗淡。畫面中明量交界線即是火線位置(燃燒完結點)。然而監視器所拍攝的2D火線位置仍需結合同時配合層厚監測儀的量測值,才可轉換為3D的火線位置,才可準確判斷出垃圾在爐床內部燃燒完結的位置(及火線位置。)提供中控單位依據火線位置判斷垃圾性質以適度調整進料器、爐床作動週期以及燃燒空氣之給風量以及配比。另為確保火線判斷的準確性,監視器與爐床之交角須保持大於20°。 The firewire segmenter includes a hearth monitor, a layer thickness monitor, and a firewire analysis unit. The fire line analysis unit uses the principle of chromatic aberration to analyze the monitor picture, and burns the flame segment, which is brighter on the monitor screen, while the burned ash section is relatively dim. The boundary line in the picture is the position of the line of fire (burning the knot). However, the position of the 2D fire line taken by the monitor still needs to be combined with the measured value of the layer thickness monitor to convert to the 3D fire line position, so as to accurately determine the position where the garbage is burned inside the hearth (and the position of the fire line). The central control unit is provided to judge the nature of the garbage according to the position of the fire line to moderately adjust the feeder, the operating cycle of the hearth, and the air supply volume and ratio of the combustion air. In order to ensure the accuracy of the fire line judgment, the angle between the monitor and the hearth must be maintained greater than 20°.
中控單元接收並依據火線判斷器、以及產汽變化率判斷垃圾燃燒狀況並結合二次燃燒室的溫度以及氧氣偵測器所量測的氧氣含量,並配合產汽量以控制一次風機以及二次風機的個別風量以及相對比例值,同時控制進料器以及爐床作動週期時間長短,以控制廢棄物之進料量,以使得鍋爐產汽量、發電機的發電量可隨時配合廢棄物的熱值而動態調整並維持穩定。 The central control unit receives and determines the garbage combustion condition according to the fire line judging device and the steam change rate, combines the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and the oxygen content measured by the oxygen detector, and cooperates with the steam production amount to control the primary fan and the second The individual air volume and relative proportion of the secondary fan, while controlling the length of the feeder and the operating cycle of the hearth to control the amount of waste feed, so that the steam output of the boiler and the power generation of the generator can be matched with the waste at any time. The calorific value is dynamically adjusted and remains stable.
本創作可利用中控單元的程式以連續進料方式控制整體垃圾燃燒處理,捨棄以往以蒸汽產量上下限做為啟動進料器與爐床的依據(批次進料)。包括藉由調整與控制進料器、爐床作動週期以及一次風機、二次 風機的個別風量及相對比例,而動態調整並維持整體產汽量、發電量的穩定性,減輕操作人員的工作負擔,避免人為疏忽,改善整體控制系統的操作穩定性,減少廢棄物進料量的不穩定與爐床上廢棄物層厚及火線位置的偏移。 This creation can use the program of the central control unit to control the overall waste combustion treatment in a continuous feeding mode, and discard the previous use of the upper and lower limits of steam production as the basis for starting the feeder and the hearth (batch feed). Including adjustment and control of the feeder, hearth actuation cycle and primary fan, secondary The individual air volume and relative proportion of the fan dynamically adjust and maintain the stability of the overall steam production and power generation, reduce the workload of the operator, avoid human negligence, improve the operational stability of the overall control system, and reduce the amount of waste feed. The instability is offset from the thickness of the waste bed on the hearth and the location of the line of fire.
1‧‧‧投料斗 1‧‧‧ hopper
2‧‧‧進料器 2‧‧‧ feeder
3‧‧‧爐床 3‧‧‧ hearth
4‧‧‧乾燥段 4‧‧‧dry section
5‧‧‧燃燒段 5‧‧‧burning section
6‧‧‧後燃燒段 6‧‧‧ after combustion section
7‧‧‧灰渣滾輪 7‧‧‧ ash roller
8‧‧‧出灰機構 8‧‧‧ashing agency
9‧‧‧風機單元 9‧‧‧Fan unit
11‧‧‧一次風機 11‧‧‧One fan
12‧‧‧空氣預熱器 12‧‧‧Air preheater
13‧‧‧風箱 13‧‧‧ bellows
13A‧‧‧孔口 13A‧‧‧口口
15‧‧‧篩灰機構 15‧‧‧Screening agency
16‧‧‧底部管排 16‧‧‧ bottom tube row
17‧‧‧二次風機 17‧‧‧ secondary fan
18‧‧‧二次燃燒室 18‧‧‧ secondary combustion chamber
18A‧‧‧孔口 18A‧‧‧口口
19‧‧‧水管牆 19‧‧‧Water pipe wall
22‧‧‧汽鼓 22‧‧‧ 汽鼓
23‧‧‧過熱段管排 23‧‧‧Superheated tube row
24‧‧‧廢氣排氣段 24‧‧‧Exhaust exhaust section
25‧‧‧中控單元 25‧‧‧Central Control Unit
26‧‧‧火線判斷器 26‧‧‧FireWire Judgment
G‧‧‧發電機 G‧‧‧Generator
GS‧‧‧氧氣偵測器 GS‧‧‧Oxygen detector
MT‧‧‧監視器 MT‧‧‧ monitor
PV‧‧‧產汽量 PV‧‧‧ steam production
PD‧‧‧爐床一次風壓差 PD‧‧‧ hearth pressure difference
T‧‧‧渦輪蒸汽機 T‧‧‧Steam Steam Engine
TH‧‧‧溫度計 TH‧‧‧ thermometer
WD‧‧‧爐前視窗 WD‧‧‧ furnace window
第一圖為依據本創作實施例具提升焚化爐鍋爐蒸汽產量穩定性之燃燒控制系統的示意圖。 The first figure is a schematic diagram of a combustion control system with improved steam production stability of an incinerator boiler in accordance with the present embodiment.
以下配合圖示及元件符號對本創作之實施方式做更詳細的說明,俾使熟習該項技藝者在研讀本說明書後能據以實施。 The implementation of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and component symbols, so that those skilled in the art can implement the present specification after studying the present specification.
請參閱第一圖,本創作實施例具提升焚化爐鍋爐蒸汽產量穩定性之燃燒控制系統的示意圖。如第一圖所示,本創作實施例的具提升焚化爐鍋爐蒸汽產量穩定性之燃燒控制系統主要是包括投料斗1、進料器2、爐床3、灰渣滾輪7、出灰機構8、風機單元9、風箱13、篩灰機構15、底部管排16、二次燃燒室18、水管牆19、汽鼓22、過熱段管排23、廢氣排氣段24、中控單元25以及火線判斷器26,其中中控單元25可連續控制並燃燒處理廢棄物W以產生蒸汽產量,以下稱為產汽量PV,進而利用產汽量PV驅動渦輪蒸汽機T,使得發電機G發電而產生發電量。 Referring to the first figure, the present embodiment has a schematic diagram of a combustion control system for improving the steam production stability of an incinerator boiler. As shown in the first figure, the combustion control system with the steam production stability of the incinerator boiler of the present invention mainly includes a hopper 1, a feeder 2, a hearth 3, a ash roller 7, and an ash discharging mechanism. , the fan unit 9, the wind box 13, the ashing mechanism 15, the bottom tube row 16, the secondary combustion chamber 18, the water pipe wall 19, the steam drum 22, the superheating pipe row 23, the exhaust gas exhaust section 24, the central control unit 25, and The fire line determiner 26, wherein the central control unit 25 can continuously control and burn the waste W to generate steam production, hereinafter referred to as the steam production amount PV, and then use the steam generation amount PV to drive the turbine steam engine T, so that the generator G generates electricity. Power generation.
具體而言,投料斗1可容置廢棄物W,而進料器2連結投料斗1並位於投料斗1的下方,提供投料斗1所容置的廢棄物W進料、輸入到爐床3,進料器作動方式採連續式作動,其作動速度的調整除受蒸汽流量控制外,同時考量蒸汽流量變化率、火線位置、二次燃燒室的溫度以及氧氣偵測器所量測的氧氣含量等參數綜合考量。由於進料機械作動特性本身有速度上的限制,當系統規劃速度低於設備極限限時下限時,本創作將自動以時間控制器輔助,當進料器每回合做動結束後,時間控制器將啟動,暫停進料器作動一段時間後,再繼續作動。 Specifically, the hopper 1 can accommodate the waste W, and the feeder 2 is connected to the hopper 1 and located below the hopper 1, and the waste W contained in the hopper 1 is fed and fed to the hearth 3 The feeder is operated continuously, and the adjustment of the actuation speed is controlled by the steam flow, taking into account the steam flow rate of change, the position of the line of fire, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, and the oxygen content measured by the oxygen detector. Such as the comprehensive consideration of parameters. Since the feed mechanical actuation characteristic itself has a speed limit, when the system planning speed is lower than the equipment limit limit, the creation will automatically be assisted by the time controller. When the feeder is finished every turn, the time controller will Start, pause the feeder for a period of time, and then continue to move.
其中爐床3連結進料器2並具有傾斜面,可承載並攪拌、乾燥、焚燒、推進來自進料器2的廢棄物W。爐床3包含依序連結的乾燥段4、燃燒段5以及後燃燒段6,其中乾燥段4連結進料器2,而廢棄物W是依序 滑過乾燥段4、燃燒段5以及後燃燒段6,藉以分別進行乾燥、燃燒以及後燃燒的處理。爐床作動可使得爐床3上的廢棄物W斜向下滑動。爐床作動方式採連續式作動,其作動速度的調整除受蒸汽流量控制外,同時考量蒸汽流量變化率、火線位置、二次燃燒室的溫度以及氧氣偵測器所量測的氧氣含量等參數綜合考量。由於爐床機械作動特性本身有速度上的限制,當系統規劃速度低於設備極限限時下限時,本創作將自動以時間控制器輔助,當進料器每回合做動結束後,時間控制器將啟動,暫停爐床作動一段時間後,再繼續作動。 The hearth 3 is connected to the feeder 2 and has an inclined surface for carrying and stirring, drying, incinerating, and advancing the waste W from the feeder 2. The hearth 3 comprises a drying section 4, a combustion section 5 and a post-combustion section 6 which are sequentially connected, wherein the drying section 4 is connected to the feeder 2, and the waste W is sequentially The drying section 4, the combustion section 5, and the post-combustion section 6 are slid, whereby drying, combustion, and post-combustion treatment are separately performed. The operation of the hearth allows the waste W on the hearth 3 to slide obliquely downward. The operation mode of the hearth adopts continuous operation, and the adjustment of the actuation speed is controlled by the steam flow. At the same time, the parameters such as the steam flow rate change rate, the position of the fire line, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and the oxygen content measured by the oxygen detector are taken into consideration. Comprehensive considerations. Since the mechanical actuation characteristics of the hearth itself have speed limitations, when the system planning speed is lower than the lower limit of the equipment limit, the creation will automatically be assisted by the time controller. When the feeder is finished every turn, the time controller will Start, pause the hearth for a period of time, and then continue to move.
灰渣滾輪7是配置成連結爐床3的尾端,亦即後燃燒段6,用以排除燃燒後的灰渣。 The ash roller 7 is configured to connect the tail end of the hearth 3, that is, the post-combustion section 6, for removing ash from combustion.
風機單元9包含一次風機11以及二次風機17,其中一次風機11是將外部的常溫空氣注入到空氣預熱器12,經空氣預熱器12的預熱後產生溫度上升的預熱空氣。 The fan unit 9 includes a primary fan 11 and an secondary fan 17, wherein the primary fan 11 is a preheated air that injects external normal temperature air into the air preheater 12 and is heated by the preheating of the air preheater 12.
風箱13是設置在爐床3的下方,並連結一次風機11,乾燥段、燃燒段及後燃段爐床下方具有至少一個風箱,每一風箱至少一孔口13A,可使得一次風機11所產生的預熱空氣能經由風箱13的孔口13A而注入到爐床3,進而使得爐床3上的廢棄物W乾燥及燃燒而產生灰渣,並冷卻其燃燒後的灰渣。出灰機構8是位於灰渣滾輪7的下方,用以收集並移除來自爐床3的灰渣。上述的二次燃燒室18位於爐床3的上方,並具有至少一孔口18A,而且二次燃燒室18的孔口18A是連結二次風機12,使得二次風機17將外部的常溫空氣經孔口18A而注入到二次燃燒室18內,尤其是在二次燃燒室18中配置至少二溫度計TH,用以量測二次燃燒室18的溫度圖中是顯示安置在不同位置的二溫度計TH,可獲得二次燃燒室18的溫度分佈,並求得平均溫度,比如算術平均溫度。 The wind box 13 is disposed below the hearth 3 and is connected to the primary fan 11. The drying section, the combustion section and the post-combustion section have at least one bellows under the hearth, and each bellows has at least one orifice 13A, which can make the primary fan The preheated air generated by the 11 can be injected into the hearth 3 through the orifice 13A of the bellows 13, and the waste W on the hearth 3 is dried and burned to generate ash, and the burned ash is cooled. The ashing mechanism 8 is located below the ash roller 7 for collecting and removing ash from the hearth 3. The secondary combustion chamber 18 is located above the hearth 3 and has at least one orifice 18A, and the orifice 18A of the secondary combustion chamber 18 is connected to the secondary fan 12, so that the secondary fan 17 passes outside the normal temperature air. The orifice 18A is injected into the secondary combustion chamber 18, and in particular, at least two thermometers TH are disposed in the secondary combustion chamber 18 for measuring the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 18, which are two thermometers disposed at different positions. TH, the temperature distribution of the secondary combustion chamber 18 can be obtained, and an average temperature such as an arithmetic mean temperature can be obtained.
水管牆19包含液態水,比如可經管線連接到汽鼓22以輸入液態水,並配置成位於二次燃燒室18內,用以吸收二次燃燒室18中因廢棄物W燃燒所產生的廢熱而使得水管牆19內的液態水蒸發,產生飽和蒸汽,進而傳輸到與水管牆19連結的汽鼓22。汽鼓22是位於二次燃燒室18的上方,可容置來自水管牆19的飽和蒸汽,且過熱段管排23連接汽鼓22,使 得汽鼓22所接收的飽和蒸汽可經由過熱器加熱後產生產汽量PV。此外,渦輪蒸汽機T連接過熱段管排23,並接收產汽量PV以驅動發電機G,使得發電機G發電而產生發電量。 The water pipe wall 19 contains liquid water, for example, may be connected to the steam drum 22 via a line to input liquid water, and is disposed in the secondary combustion chamber 18 for absorbing waste heat generated by the waste W combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 18. The liquid water in the water pipe wall 19 is evaporated to generate saturated steam, which is then transferred to the steam drum 22 connected to the water pipe wall 19. The steam drum 22 is located above the secondary combustion chamber 18, and can accommodate the saturated steam from the water pipe wall 19, and the superheating pipe row 23 is connected to the steam drum 22, so that the steam drum 22 is connected The saturated steam received by the steam drum 22 can be heated by the superheater to generate a steam generation amount PV. Further, the turbo steam engine T is connected to the superheat section pipe row 23, and receives the steam generation amount PV to drive the generator G so that the generator G generates electricity to generate a power generation amount.
篩灰機構15是位於爐床3的下方,用以收集廢棄物W燃燒後的殘渣,而底部管排16是位於篩灰機構15的下方,並以向下傾斜角而連接出灰機構8,可接收來自篩灰機構15的顆粒物,並藉重力而傳送至出灰機構8。 The ashing mechanism 15 is located below the hearth 3 for collecting the residue of the waste W after combustion, and the bottom tube row 16 is located below the ashing mechanism 15 and connected to the ashing mechanism 8 at a downward inclination angle. The particulate matter from the ashing mechanism 15 can be received and transferred to the ashing mechanism 8 by gravity.
此外,廢氣排氣段24連接二次燃燒室18,用以排放廢棄物W所產生的廢氣,另在廢氣排氣段24內配置氧氣偵測器GS,用以量測廢氣排氣段24中廢氣的氧氣含量。 In addition, the exhaust gas exhaust section 24 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 18 for discharging the exhaust gas generated by the waste W, and an oxygen detector GS is disposed in the exhaust gas exhaust section 24 for measuring the exhaust gas exhaust section 24. The oxygen content of the exhaust gas.
火線判斷器26接收爐內監視器MT的畫面,及爐床底部各風箱一次風壓降PD,以判斷爐床上的火線位置,以確認爐內燃燒狀況,並將資訊傳給中控單元25。 The fire line determiner 26 receives the screen of the in-furnace monitor MT and the primary air pressure drop PD of each bellows at the bottom of the hearth to determine the position of the live line on the hearth to confirm the combustion condition in the furnace and transmit the information to the central control unit 25 .
尤其,中控單元25接收火線判斷器26回傳之火線資訊及產汽量變化率評估爐內燃燒狀況,並依據二次燃燒室18的溫度以及廢氣排氣段24中廢氣的氧氣含量,並配合產汽量PV以控制一次風機11以及二次風機17的個別風量以及個別風量的相對比例值,同時進一步控制進料器2的廢棄物W之進料周期時間及乾燥段4、燃燒段5、後燃段6爐床作動週期時間,使得產汽量PV、發電機的發電量可隨時配合廢棄物W的熱值而動態調整並維持整體操作的穩定性,亦即,發電量不會因為廢棄物W的熱值過高或過低而劇烈變動,而是可藉調整廢棄物W的進料量,或適當控制一次風機11以及二次風機17的個別風量而達成。 In particular, the central control unit 25 receives the information of the live line returned by the line determiner 26 and the rate of change in the amount of steam produced to evaluate the combustion condition in the furnace, and based on the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 18 and the oxygen content of the exhaust gas in the exhaust section 24 of the exhaust gas, and The steam production amount PV is used to control the individual air volume of the primary fan 11 and the secondary fan 17 and the relative proportion of the individual air volume, and further control the feed cycle time of the waste W of the feeder 2 and the drying section 4 and the combustion section 5 The operating cycle time of the 6-bed of the post-combustion section makes the PV generation capacity of the steam generation and the generator can be dynamically adjusted to maintain the stability of the overall operation with the heat value of the waste W, that is, the power generation amount is not due to The heat value of the waste W is excessively high or too low and fluctuates drastically, and can be achieved by adjusting the amount of the waste W to be fed or appropriately controlling the individual air volumes of the primary fan 11 and the secondary fan 17.
例如,系統會依據設定的蒸汽產量,推算進料器2及爐床4、5、6的作動速度及一次風機11及二次風機17的風量。當廢棄物W的含水量過高而使得熱值過低時,二次燃燒室18的溫度會降低,而廢氣排氣段24中廢氣的氧氣含量會變高,因燃燒速率降低而使得產汽量PV下降至小於設定值時,導致整體的發電量降低,因此,可藉增加一次風機11的風量,提供更多預熱空氣並增加氧氣量,以提高廢棄物W的燃燒,進而維持產氣量PV及發電量的穩定性。同時減少二次風機17的風量,以維持二次燃燒室的 爐溫。並增加進料器2及爐床4、5、6的作動速度,加速進料。此時當火焰判斷器26偵測火線位置後退且中控單元計算蒸汽產生率斜率變化異常時,表示垃圾過濕,需較長的預熱時間,此時將降低進料器2及爐床4、5、6的作動速度,直到蒸汽產生率斜率變化正常後,再調回進料器2及爐床4設定速度。 For example, the system calculates the operating speed of the feeder 2 and the hearths 4, 5, and 6 and the air volume of the primary fan 11 and the secondary fan 17 based on the set steam output. When the water content of the waste W is too high and the calorific value is too low, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 18 is lowered, and the oxygen content of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas exhaust section 24 becomes high, and the combustion rate is lowered to cause steam generation. When the amount PV drops below the set value, the overall power generation amount is reduced. Therefore, by increasing the air volume of the fan 11, the amount of preheated air can be increased and the amount of oxygen can be increased to increase the combustion of the waste W, thereby maintaining the gas production. Stability of PV and power generation. At the same time, the air volume of the secondary fan 17 is reduced to maintain the secondary combustion chamber. Furnace temperature. The operating speed of the feeder 2 and the hearths 4, 5, 6 is increased to accelerate the feeding. At this time, when the flame determiner 26 detects that the live line position is retreating and the central control unit calculates that the steam generation rate slope changes abnormally, it indicates that the garbage is too wet, and a long warm-up time is required, and the feeder 2 and the hearth 4 are lowered at this time. The operating speed of 5, 6 is adjusted until the slope of the steam generation rate changes normally, and then the set speed of the feeder 2 and the hearth 4 is adjusted back.
上述的中控單元25可由電腦或伺服器而實現,因而中控單元25的操作可由軟體程式而達成。 The above-mentioned central control unit 25 can be implemented by a computer or a server, and thus the operation of the central control unit 25 can be achieved by a software program.
此外,為方便現場操作者或監控者能隨時直接觀察爐床3上廢棄物W的燃燒狀態或累積量,本創作進一步包括爐前視窗WD,是配置於靠近爐床3,較佳的是靠近後燃燒段6。再者,本創作也可包括監視器MT,配置於靠近爐床3的後燃燒段6,提供就近監視或遠端間視爐床3上的廢棄物W及提供火線判斷器26判斷火線位置。 In addition, in order to facilitate the on-site operator or monitor to directly observe the combustion state or cumulative amount of the waste W on the hearth 3 at any time, the present invention further includes a furnace front window WD disposed adjacent to the hearth 3, preferably near After combustion section 6. Furthermore, the creation may also include a monitor MT disposed adjacent to the afterburning section 6 of the hearth 3 to provide waste near the remote monitoring or remote viewing hearth 3 and a line of fire determiner 26 to determine the location of the line of fire.
綜上所述,本創作的特點在於可利用中控單元的程式以控制整體燃燒處理,尤其是中控單元可依據火線判斷器、以及產汽變化率判斷垃圾燃燒狀況並結合二次燃燒室的溫度以及廢氣排氣段中廢氣的氧氣含量,並配合產汽量及發電機的發電量,而即時控制進料器的廢棄物進料量週期時間、爐床作動週期時間以及一次風機、二次風機的個別風量及相對比例值,使得產汽量、發電量可隨時配合廢棄物的熱值而動態調整並維持整體操作的穩定性,並減輕操作人員的工作負擔,避免人為疏忽。 In summary, the feature of this creation is that the program of the central control unit can be used to control the overall combustion process, especially the central control unit can judge the garbage combustion condition and combine the secondary combustion chamber according to the fire line determiner and the steam change rate. Temperature and the oxygen content of the exhaust gas in the exhaust section of the exhaust gas, and in combination with the steam production and the power generation of the generator, the waste feed cycle time of the feeder, the cycle time of the hearth and the primary fan and the secondary fan are instantly controlled. The individual air volume and relative proportion of the fan enable the steam production and power generation to be dynamically adjusted to meet the heat value of the waste and maintain the stability of the overall operation, and reduce the workload of the operator and avoid human negligence.
此外,本創作的中控單元可針對進料器、爐床的廢棄物熱值、火線位置、鍋爐出口氧氣濃度、產汽量等控制點,以進行即時的演算,並可針對火線位置之控制點,藉以進行進料器及爐床控制。也可參考產汽量與變化斜率,判斷衝爐(產汽量急遽上升)發生時機,自動產生警報並藉由程式控制自動抑制衝爐持續發生。或者,可進一步參考產汽量與變化斜率,判斷廢棄物未進入爐床發生時機,產生警報並藉由程式控制自動改善廢棄物未進入爐床持續發生。 In addition, the central control unit of the creation can control the points such as the waste value of the feeder, the waste heat of the hearth, the position of the fire line, the oxygen concentration of the boiler outlet, and the steam production, so as to perform the real-time calculation and control the location of the fire line. Point, for feeder and hearth control. It is also possible to refer to the amount of steam produced and the slope of the change to determine the timing of the furnace (increased steam production), automatically generate an alarm and automatically suppress the continuous occurrence of the furnace by program control. Alternatively, the steam production amount and the change slope can be further referred to, and the time when the waste does not enter the hearth is determined, an alarm is generated, and the automatic improvement of the waste does not enter the hearth by program control.
以上所述者僅為用以解釋本創作之較佳實施例,並非企圖據以對本創作做任何形式上之限制,是以,凡有在相同之創作精神下所作有關本創作之任何修飾或變更,皆仍應包括在本創作意圖保護之範疇。 The above description is only for the purpose of explaining the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to impose any form of limitation on the creation, so that any modification or alteration of the creation made in the same creative spirit is provided. , should still be included in the scope of protection of this creative intent.
1‧‧‧投料斗 1‧‧‧ hopper
2‧‧‧進料器 2‧‧‧ feeder
3‧‧‧爐床 3‧‧‧ hearth
4‧‧‧乾燥段 4‧‧‧dry section
5‧‧‧燃燒段 5‧‧‧burning section
6‧‧‧後燃燒段 6‧‧‧ after combustion section
7‧‧‧灰渣滾輪 7‧‧‧ ash roller
8‧‧‧出灰機構 8‧‧‧ashing agency
11‧‧‧一次風機 11‧‧‧One fan
12‧‧‧空氣預熱器 12‧‧‧Air preheater
13‧‧‧風箱 13‧‧‧ bellows
13A‧‧‧孔口 13A‧‧‧口口
15‧‧‧篩灰機構 15‧‧‧Screening agency
16‧‧‧底部管排 16‧‧‧ bottom tube row
17‧‧‧二次風機 17‧‧‧ secondary fan
18‧‧‧二次燃燒室 18‧‧‧ secondary combustion chamber
18A‧‧‧孔口 18A‧‧‧口口
19‧‧‧水管牆 19‧‧‧Water pipe wall
22‧‧‧汽鼓 22‧‧‧ 汽鼓
23‧‧‧過熱段管排 23‧‧‧Superheated tube row
24‧‧‧廢氣排氣段 24‧‧‧Exhaust exhaust section
25‧‧‧中控單元 25‧‧‧Central Control Unit
26‧‧‧火線判斷器 26‧‧‧FireWire Judgment
G‧‧‧發電機 G‧‧‧Generator
GS‧‧‧氧氣偵測器 GS‧‧‧Oxygen detector
MT‧‧‧監視器 MT‧‧‧ monitor
PV‧‧‧產汽量 PV‧‧‧ steam production
PD‧‧‧爐床一次風壓降 PD‧‧‧ hearth pressure drop
T‧‧‧渦輪蒸汽機 T‧‧‧Steam Steam Engine
TH‧‧‧溫度計 TH‧‧‧ thermometer
WD‧‧‧爐前視窗 WD‧‧‧ furnace window
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW104217531U TWM517295U (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2015-11-02 | Burning control system with improved boiler steam yield stability of incinerator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW104217531U TWM517295U (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2015-11-02 | Burning control system with improved boiler steam yield stability of incinerator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TWM517295U true TWM517295U (en) | 2016-02-11 |
Family
ID=55811436
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW104217531U TWM517295U (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2015-11-02 | Burning control system with improved boiler steam yield stability of incinerator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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TW (1) | TWM517295U (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114060826A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 浦湘生物能源股份有限公司 | Automatic incineration control method and system for incinerator |
TWI819707B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-10-21 | 日商三菱重工環境 化學工程股份有限公司 | Control device for incinerator equipment |
-
2015
- 2015-11-02 TW TW104217531U patent/TWM517295U/en unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI819707B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-10-21 | 日商三菱重工環境 化學工程股份有限公司 | Control device for incinerator equipment |
CN114060826A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 浦湘生物能源股份有限公司 | Automatic incineration control method and system for incinerator |
CN114060826B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2024-05-28 | 浦湘生物能源股份有限公司 | Automatic incineration control method and control system for incinerator |
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