TWI756809B - 混合方法及其系統 - Google Patents

混合方法及其系統 Download PDF

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TWI756809B
TWI756809B TW109129971A TW109129971A TWI756809B TW I756809 B TWI756809 B TW I756809B TW 109129971 A TW109129971 A TW 109129971A TW 109129971 A TW109129971 A TW 109129971A TW I756809 B TWI756809 B TW I756809B
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raw material
screw
flow path
flow rate
mixing
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葉良輝
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歐特捷實業股份有限公司
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Priority to TW109129971A priority Critical patent/TWI756809B/zh
Priority to US17/085,419 priority patent/US20220063136A1/en
Priority to KR1020200145258A priority patent/KR102382103B1/ko
Priority to EP20206303.8A priority patent/EP3964345A1/en
Priority to JP2020187395A priority patent/JP7030353B1/ja
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Abstract

本發明所提供之混合方法，乃係將固態之聚合物原料熔化為可流動之熔融原料流體後，以一第一體積流率流入一混合空間中，且在原料流體進入該混合空間的同時或異時地將流體型態之發泡劑導入該混合空間中，使發泡劑與熔融原料流體在該混合空間中混合為混合物，並使該混合物以一第二體積流率於該混合空間中流動，並使該第二體積流率大於該第一體積流率，藉此，原料流在往該混合空間流動之過程中，即可透過在該混合空間以較大體積流率進行流動的環境或條件，使原料流的流動得以持續性或間歇性地單向進行，達到止逆之功效。

Description

混合方法及其系統
本發明係與高分子加工技術有關，特別是關於一種在聚合物發泡彈性體製程中將作為物理發泡劑之超臨界流體與熔化的聚合物流體進行混合的混合方法及其系統。
以超臨界態的惰性氣體或二氧化碳作為發泡劑，與已熔化的高分子原料流體相互混合後，再透過溫度或壓力之控制使發泡劑在聚合物之內部成核後形成氣泡，使成型之聚合物內部得以存在有多數氣孔，是等發泡技術係為高分子加工技術領域中既已公開之技術內容。
而為了使發泡劑與原料流體能夠完全地混合成為單相溶液，習知技術利用了將固態原料進行熔化的擠筒所具備的螺桿，將發泡劑注入擠筒內，透過螺桿的攪拌混合，使發泡劑與原料流體間被混合成為單相溶液。
由於習知的擠筒乃是為了將高分子原料從固態熔化為流體的技術，因此，在發泡劑注入擠筒時，會對擠筒內部的原料流體產生額外的壓力，造成原料流體產生逆流之情況。
而為了避免逆流的產生，美國6322347號案中即揭露了在擠筒內部的原料流對應於發泡劑入口的上游方向，以逆止閥技術作為避免原料逆流的手段。
但，將提供逆止的限制元件結合在螺桿上的技術，除了造成維護上的不便外，額外的構件也會增加製造上的難度，同時也影響了螺桿的運作。
因此，本發明之主要目的乃係在提供一種混合方法及其系統，其係使超臨界態的發泡劑在與熔化的原料流混合時，不會對原料流的流動產生影響，可避免原料流產生逆流。
緣是，為達成上述目的，本發明所提供之混合方法，乃係將固態之聚合物原料熔化為可流動之熔融原料流體後，以一第一體積流率流入一混合空間中，且在原料流體進入該混合空間的同時或異時地將流體型態之發泡劑導入該混合空間中，使發泡劑與熔融原料流體在該混合空間中混合為混合物，並使該混合物以一第二體積流率於該混合空間中流動，並使該第二體積流率大於該第一體積流率，藉此，原料流在往該混合空間流動之過程中，即可透過在該混合空間以較大體積流率進行流動的環境或條件，使原料流的流動得以持續性或間歇性地單向進行，達到止逆之功效。
而在本發明所提供之混合系統中，其係包含了有一可使流體以一第一體積流率進行流動之第一流路，以及一可使流體以一第二體積流率進行流動之第二流路，並使該第二體積流率大於該第一體積流率，藉此，固態之聚合物原料於該第一流路中熔化為可流動之熔融原料流體後，係以該第一體積流率離開該第一流路並進入該第二流路中，同時或異時地將發泡劑流體導入該第二流路中，使該熔融原料流體與該發泡劑相互混合成為混合物，並使該混合物以該第二體積流率在該第二流路中流動。
為形成該第一流路，該混合系統乃係更包含有一第一管件與一第一螺桿，其中，該第一螺桿係同軸穿伸於該第一管件中，並可以自身之桿軸為轉軸進行轉動，且以介於該第一螺桿周側與該第一管件之內壁間之空間構成該第一流路。
相對地，為形成該第二流路，該混合系統則包含了有一第二管件與一第二螺桿，其中，該第二螺桿係同軸穿伸於該第二管件中，並可以自身之桿軸為轉軸進行轉動，且以介於該第二螺桿周側與該第二管件之內壁間之空間構成該第二流路。
在具體的流路構成中，為達到體積流率的差別化，係可透過改變管件的內徑，螺桿之直徑，螺桿之螺距、螺紋深度、螺紋角或牙厚等手段來改變流路的截面積，或者在相同或不同的流路截面積下以不同的螺桿轉速達到體積流率差異等。
(10)(10’):混合系統
(20):押出單元
(21)(21’):第一管件
(22):第一螺桿
(23):第一流路
(30):混合單元
(31)(31’):第二管件
(32)(32’):第二螺桿
(33)(33’):第二流路
(40):發泡劑供應單元
(50):出料端
(M1)(M2):馬達
圖1係本發明一較佳實施例之立體圖。
圖2係本發明一較佳實施例沿圖1中2-2割面線之局部剖視圖。
圖3係本發明另一較佳實施例之立體圖。
圖4係本發明另一較佳實施例沿圖3中4-4割面線之局部剖視圖。
請參閱圖1與圖2所示，在本發明一較佳實施例中所提供之混合系統(10)，乃係包含了有一押出單元(20)、一混合單元(30)與一發泡劑供應單元(40)。
該押出單元(20)係為習知用以將固態聚合物原料以熱能熔化為可流動如熔融流體之技術內容，在構造上具有了一第一管件(21)以及一同軸穿伸於該第一管件(21)內之第一螺桿(22)，並於該第一螺桿(22)之周側與該第一管件(21)之內側管壁之間，定義出一可供聚合物原料經過的第一流路(23)空間。
該混合單元(30)係具有一第二管件(31)以及一同軸穿伸於該第二管件(31)內之第二螺桿(32)，並以該第二管件(31)之管孔空間未被該第二螺桿(32)佔據之部分，定義出一可供聚合物原料經過的第二流路(33)空間，其中，該第二管件(31)係同軸串接於該第一管件(21)上。
該發泡劑供應單元(40)之具體技術內容係為一可用控制流體經過之閥，設置於該混合單元(30)用以將外部以超臨界態存在的惰性氣體或二氧化碳等流體導入該第二流路(33)中。
該混合系統(10)在實施時，係使固態之聚合物原料經由料斗進入該第一流路(23)中，以如馬達(M1)之外部動力驅動該第一螺桿(22)在該第一管件(21)內以自身之桿軸為軸進行自轉運動，以驅使聚合物在該第一流路(23)中沿著預設的單一方向進行流動，在熱能之作用下，聚合物原料自固態熔化成為可流動之熔融原料流體，並持續地往下游方向流動，且以一第一體積流率流出該第一管件(21)外。
自該第一管件(21)以該第一體積流率流出之熔融原料流體，旋即進入該第二流路(23)中，並與經由該發泡劑供應單元(40)進入該第二流路(33)中之超臨界流體混合成為混合物。
隨之，該第二螺桿(32)則受另一馬達(M2)之外部動力所驅動，而在該第二管件(31)內以自身之桿軸為軸進行自轉運動，使該混合物在該第二流路(33)中以一第二體積流率進行流動，且持續地受到該第二螺桿(32)之攪拌而得以該第二流路(33)作為混合空間地進行混合，使混合物成為單相之溶液。
而混合物之單相溶液即可藉由連接於該混合單元(30)上之一出料端(50)被移送至預設的模具模室空間中，再以該超臨界流體為發泡劑地在模室空間中進行成核、發泡，從而獲得內部具存在有多數氣孔的聚合物發泡彈性體。
在此所應特別加以說明者係，該第二體積流率乃係大於該第一體積流率，藉此使熔融原料流體在進入該第二流路時，原料流的上游壓力大於或相仿於下游之壓力，避免對原料流的流動造成阻滯而使壓力昇高造成回流之情況，而其中，使該第二體積流率大於該第一體積流率之技術手段，在本實施例中係使該第二螺桿(32)之轉速大於該第一螺桿(22)之轉速，以提高流體在該第二流路(33)中的體積流率，來達到上述之功效。
再請參閱圖3及圖4所示，在本發明另一較佳實施例中所提供之混合系統(10’)，其主要之技術特徵係與前揭實施例所已揭露者一致，亦為透過使原料流在與發泡劑混合時位於上游的第一體積流率，小於位於下游的第二體積流率，從而達到避免原料流逆流之情況產生。
而本實施例有別於前揭實施例者，係在於物品上的不同，具體而言，在本實施例中，該第二管件(31’)乃係與該第一管件(21’)為正交之結合狀態，並將該第二螺桿(32’)之周側與該第二管件(31’)內側管壁間之空間定義為該第二流路(33’)，惟此等之不同，並不影響其達成本發明所訴求之目的與功效。
所應再加以強調者係，用以達成使原料流與發泡劑混合時的上游體積流率與下游體積流率不同之技術手段，除前揭二實施例以轉速為例外，亦可藉由改變流路截面積之手段來達成，諸如改變管件之內徑、螺桿之直徑，或者改變螺桿之螺距、螺紋深度、螺紋角度的變化或牙厚之調整等，均為可被採用的技術手段，而均應為本發明所應受保護之範圍。
(20):押出單元
(21):第一管件
(22):第一螺桿
(23):第一流路
(30):混合單元
(31):第二管件
(32):第二螺桿
(33):第二流路
(M2):馬達

Claims (9)

  1. 一種混合系統，包含有：一第一管件；一第一螺桿，同軸穿伸於該第一管件中，並可以自身之桿軸為轉軸進行轉動；一可使流體以一第一體積流率進行流動之第一流路，且以介於該第一螺桿周側與該第一管件之內壁間之空間構成該第一流路；一第二管件；一第二螺桿，同軸穿伸於該第二管件中，並可以自身之桿軸為轉軸進行轉動；一可使流體以一第二體積流率進行流動之第二流路，並使該第二體積流率大於該第一體積流率，且以介於該第二螺桿周側與該第二管件之內壁間之空間構成該第二流路；以及將固態之聚合物原料於該第一流路中熔化為可流動之熔融原料流體；將該熔融原料流體以該第一體積流率離開該第一流路並進入該第二流路中，同時或異時地將發泡劑流體導入該第二流路中，使該熔融原料流體與該發泡劑相互混合成為混合物，並使該混合物以該第二體積流率在該第二流路中流動。
  2. 如請求項1所述之混合系統，其中，該第二螺桿之轉速係大於該第一螺桿之轉速。
  3. 如請求項1所述之混合系統，其中，該第二管件之內徑係大於該第一管件之內徑。
  4. 如請求項1所述之混合系統，其中，該第二螺桿之桿徑係小於該第一螺桿之桿徑。
  5. 如請求項1所述之混合系統，其中，該第二螺桿之牙距係小於該第一螺桿之牙距。
  6. 如請求項1所述之混合系統，其中，該第二流路之截面積係大於該第一流路之截面積。
  7. 一種混合方法，係利用如請求項1至6中任一項所述之混合系統，包含有下述步驟：將固態之聚合物原料熔化為可流動之熔融原料流體後，以一第一體積流率流入一混合空間中；將流體型態之發泡劑導入該混合空間中；使發泡劑與熔融原料流體在該混合空間中混合為混合物，並使該混合物以一第二體積流率於該混合空間中流動；其中，該第二體積流率係大於該第一體積流率。
  8. 如請求項7所述之混合方法，其中，該發泡劑係為超臨界態之氣體。
  9. 如請求項7所述之混合方法，其中，該混合物於混合空間中係在流動之同時彼此混合成為單相溶液。
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