TWI712246B - 用於感應式能量傳送的方法及用於操作感應式能量傳送裝置的裝置 - Google Patents
用於感應式能量傳送的方法及用於操作感應式能量傳送裝置的裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
- B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/39—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer with position-responsive activation of primary coils
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- H01F27/2871—Pancake coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種用於自至少一個傳輸器裝置至與該至少一個傳輸器裝置間隔開的一至少一個接收器裝置之感應式能量傳送之裝置,其中該傳輸器裝置由四個個別線圈組成,其中該四個個別線圈中的每一者具有一線圈中心。在每一情況下,兩個線圈中心位於一第一軸A上,且兩個線圈中心位於一第二軸B上。該兩個軸A及B交叉,且該至少四個個別線圈中的每一者分別具備一單獨諧振電容器。
Description
本發明係關於用於操作感應式能量傳送裝置的裝置。
電動車輛通常具有電能儲存區(例如動力電池),其使得電能可用於驅動。若完全或部分放電此電能儲存區,則電動車輛必須開到充電站,可在該充電站對能量儲存區再充電。直到現在已經習慣在此充電站處,為此目的藉助於纜線連接將電動車輛連接至充電站。不利的是,此連接通常必須由使用者手動地形成。在此情形中,充電站及電動車輛亦有必要具有一具有對應部分的連接系統。
另外,在個別情況下,電動車輛的無纜線系統亦為已知的。在感應式充電電動車輛的情況下,一或多個線圈(傳輸器線圈、傳輸器裝置)安設於地面中或地面上。此外,一或多個線圈(接收器線圈、接收器裝置)亦配置於電動車輛中。若電動車輛停放在傳輸器線圈上方,則傳輸器線圈輸出交變磁場。交變磁場由車輛內的接收器線圈拾取,且被轉換成電能。隨後,可使用非接觸式能量傳送,藉助於此電能來充電車輛之動力電池。在電動車輛的電池進行無纜線充電期間,氣隙位於充電站的傳輸器
線圈與車輛中之接收器線圈之間。歸因於機動車輛之必要離地間隙,此氣隙為若干公分。此處間隙為極普遍的,除非藉由措施達成理想地小的氣隙,該等措施諸如降低固定至車輛之線圈、整個車輛或抬高位置上固定的線圈或此等措施之組合。感應式能量傳送之效率尤其取決於安設於地面中之線圈/若干線圈與車輛底部中之線圈/若干線圈之間的氣隙(距離)。氣隙愈小,則可達成的效率位準愈高。此外,電動車輛之能量儲存區亦可用於回饋。為此目的,有可能按需要使用纜線連接或者感應式電力傳送。在感應式充電的情況下,將實現高級的舒適度及充電程序總體上的最大可能自動程度。線圈因此經組態以使得該等線圈提供最高可能位準之位置偏移容限。在圓形線圈的情況下,此情形可藉由相對應地放大直徑來實現。另一已知做法為使用雙極線圈。文件DE102011010049 A1揭示充電車輛電池之此系統,在該系統中感應式傳送能量。先前技術的缺點為安設空間常常受到極大限制,且線圈因此無法經組態有任何所要大小。
因此需要一種感應式能量傳送裝置,其具有最佳可能的偏移容限,同時還有最小的所需安設空間。
具有申請專利範圍第1項之特性化特徵的根據本發明之裝置具有偏移容限在縱向方向上得以改良的優點。此外,獲得在橫向方向上具有良好偏移容限之已知雙極線圈的優點。
根據本發明規定用於自至少一個傳輸器裝置至與至少一個傳輸器裝置間隔開的至少一個接收器裝置的感應式能量傳送之裝置,其中傳輸器裝置由四個個別線圈組成,其中四個個別線圈中的每一者具有線圈
中心,具有在第一軸上的兩個線圈中心及在第二軸上的兩個線圈中心,其中兩個軸交叉,且至少四個個別線圈中的每一者分別具備單獨諧振電容器。用於感應式能量傳送之裝置的這一提出概念提供偏心四極線圈而非已知線圈對。磁場因此可有利地以不同方式在所有空間方向上適應於停放偏移。若給所有四個線圈通電,則產生磁場,其在行進方向上比慣用雙極磁場更強烈地顯著擴展。本發明將其中傳輸器線圈具有線圈且接收器線圈具有另一線圈之已知雙極線圈對擴展成四極線圈,該四極線圈亦被稱作「四葉式交叉線圈」。
藉助於申請專利範圍附屬項中指定的措施,申請專利範圍獨立項中所揭示之裝置的有利發展為可能的。
個別線圈可有利地體現為平面線圈。平面線圈具有如下優點:其具有平坦設計,且因此需要極少的安設空間。
此外,四個個別線圈同步地操作。此情形具有如下優點:四個線圈之配置接著對應於四個個別圓形線圈之並列配置。
有利地,四個個別線圈亦可以90º相移操作。作為選擇性致動單獨電力電子器件/個別反相器的結果,因此有利地獲得多相磁場。
在另一有利發展中,在每一情況下,至少四個個別線圈中之兩者相對於個別線圈中之其餘者以180º相移操作。在此情況下,所得磁場對應於兩個雙極線圈對的並列配置。
此外,有利的是在每一情況下,四個個別線圈中的一者不操作,而剩餘三個個別線圈以120º相移操作。此情形藉由免除個別反相器來實現。作為此程序的結果,有可能例如獲得三相磁場。
此外,第一軸(A)及第二軸(B)有利地相對於彼此以直角配置。
個別線圈有利地各自具備單獨電容器及諧振反應器。此情形准許個別無功功率補償。
參看隨附圖式自例示性具體實例之以下描述中,本發明之其他特徵及優點對於熟習此項技術者而言將變得顯而易見,然而例示性具體實例並不被解譯為限制本發明。
10‧‧‧用於感應式能量傳送之裝置
11.1‧‧‧個別線圈
11.2‧‧‧個別線圈
11.3‧‧‧個別線圈
11.4‧‧‧個別線圈
11‧‧‧接收器裝置
12‧‧‧傳輸器裝置
14‧‧‧間隔
15‧‧‧地板下面
16‧‧‧車輸/電動車輛/混合動力車輛
A‧‧‧第一軸
B‧‧‧第二軸
L1‧‧‧單獨電力電子器件單元
L2‧‧‧單獨電力電子器件單元
L3‧‧‧單獨電力電子器件單元
L4‧‧‧單獨電力電子器件單元
Z1‧‧‧線圈中心
Z2‧‧‧線圈中心
Z3‧‧‧線圈中心
Z4‧‧‧線圈中心
在圖式中:圖1:展示車輛及用於感應式能量傳送之裝置的示意性說明;圖2:展示在用於感應式能量傳送之裝置中使用的線圈配置之示意性說明。
所有圖僅為根據本發明的例示性具體實例之本發明裝置或其組件的示意性說明。詳言之,距離及大小關係在圖中並非是按真實比例表示。在各種圖中,對應元件具備相同參考編號。
圖1展示車輛及用於感應式能量傳送之裝置10(諸如可用於例如充電電動車輛中之動力電池)的示意性說明。用於感應式能量傳送之裝置10包含接收器裝置11及傳輸器裝置12,其中接收器裝置11配置於車輛/電動車輛/混合動力車輛16中,且其中傳輸器裝置12配置於車輛16下方,較佳地放置在地板下面15或在其中。傳輸器裝置11由四個個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4組成,該等線圈各自具有線圈中心Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4。
在每一情況下,兩個線圈中心Z1、Z2位於第一軸A上,而兩個線圈中心Z3及Z4位於另一第二軸B上。兩個軸A及B交叉。每一個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4可分別連接至單獨電力電子器件單元,且複數個或所有個別線圈可聯合地經由單一電力電子器件單元來控制。使得有可能以各種相角自電力電子器件單元致動複數個線圈,以便形成所得磁場。個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4較佳體現為平面線圈且同步地操作。此等四個個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4可設置於接收器裝置11及傳輸器裝置12兩者中。個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4中的每一者可藉助於單獨電力電子器件單元L1、L2、L3、L4致動。對比而言,此等個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4之成束線圈的共同致動亦為可能的。此等個別線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4之所有線圈視情況具有單獨電容器K1、K2、K3、K4。此外,其也有可能具備各別單獨諧振反應器R1、R2、R3、R4,藉助於該等諧振反應器進行個別無功功率補償。
圖2展示在用於感應式能量傳送之裝置10中使用的線圈配置之示意性說明。與圖1有關之相同元件具備相同元件符號,且不更詳細解釋。第一軸A及第二軸B較佳相對於彼此成直角。然而,其他角度組態亦為可能的。藉助於個別反相器之合適的致動及同步,各種操作模式為可能的。
在第一操作模式中,在每一情況下,線圈11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4同步地操作。在第二操作模式中,線圈11.1及11.2以及線圈11.3及11.4以180º相移操作。線圈11.1及11.3以及11.2及11.4之反相器各自同步地操作,即沒有相移。所得磁場此處對應於兩個雙極線圈對之並列配置。然而,
大量其他操作模式可藉由任何其他致動達成。舉例而言,個別線圈11.1及11.3以及11.2及11.4可各自操作為雙極線圈。所得磁場此處對應於兩個雙極線圈幾何旋轉90º。在另一操作模式中,個別反相器可相對於彼此在每一情況下以90º相移操作(在四個個別線圈的情況下)。此情形產生多相磁場。此外,亦有可能相對於彼此同步地操作所有個別線圈11.1至11.4。配置接著對應於四個個別圓形線圈之並列配置。亦有可能免除個別反相器之操作。因此有可能例如獲得三相磁場(具有120º相移之三個反相器的操作)或單一雙極磁場(具有180º相移之兩個反相器的操作)。優點為雙極磁場可取決於操作哪兩個線圈而按需要旋轉。此情形准許主要(傳輸器線圈或傳輸器裝置)及次要線圈(接收器線圈或接收器裝置)相對於彼此旋轉的突出容限度。另一佈線選項為操作四個個別線圈中之僅一個線圈。此情形可在停放偏移的情況下提供優點,因為選擇了最合適的線圈。
此外,四個個別線圈中之所有線圈並非絕對必須具有相同特性。然而,所有個別線圈11.1至11.4有利地具有相同設計。
然而,可設想主要及次要充電線圈(傳輸器線圈或接收器線圈)具有不同設計。因此,主要充電線圈(傳輸器裝置或傳輸器線圈)有可能由四個個別線圈11.1至11.2組成,但對比而言,次要充電線圈(接收器裝置或充電線圈)有可能由僅兩個或一個個別線圈組成,或反之亦然。
在操作期間,藉助於例如搜尋及設定具有傳輸器裝置(傳輸器線圈)12與接收器裝置(接收器線圈)11之間的最佳耦接的組態的事實,線圈系統可在不同組態中使自身達最佳。為此目的提供合適的軟體及反相器之致動。因此,有可能彼此獨立地激勵四個個別線圈11.1至11.4,以便
亦能夠使其適應於次要線圈之真實位置。最佳化變數此處為待使用的個別線圈數目及個別反相器相對於彼此之相移。因此,除了上文所提到實例中所解釋之彼等相移之外的任何其他所要相移亦為可能的。
作為另一概念,偏心三級線圈亦為可能的。在此情形中,每一線圈的線圈中心位於單獨軸線上,其中此等軸交叉。
10‧‧‧用於感應式能量傳送之裝置
11‧‧‧接收器裝置
12‧‧‧傳輸器裝置
14‧‧‧間隔
15‧‧‧地板下面
16‧‧‧車輛/電動車輛/混合動力車輛
Claims (7)
- 一種用於自至少一個傳輸器裝置(12)至與該至少一個傳輸器裝置(12)間隔開的至少一個接收器裝置(11)之感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中該傳輸器裝置(11)由四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)組成,其中該四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)中的每一者具有一線圈中心(Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4),其特徵在於兩個線圈中心(Z1、Z2)位於一第一軸(A)上,且兩個線圈中心(Z3、Z4)位於一第二軸(B)上,其中該等軸(A)及(B)交叉,且該至少四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)中的每一者具備一單獨諧振電容器(K1、K2、K3、K4),其中該等個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)各自具備單獨的電容器(K1、K2、K3、K4)及諧振反應器(R1、R2、R3、R4),藉助於該等諧振反應器(R1、R2、R3、R4)進行個別的功率補償。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用於感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中該等個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)體現為平面線圈。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用於感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中該四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)同步地操作。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用於感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中該四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)以90º之一相移操作。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用於感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中在每一情況下,該至少四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)中之兩者相對於該等個別線圈中之其餘者以180º之一相移操作。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用於感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中在每 一情況下,該四個個別線圈(11.1、11.2、11.3、11.4)中的一者不操作,且該剩餘三個個別線圈以120º之一相移操作。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之用於感應式能量傳送之裝置(10),其中該第一軸(A)及該第二軸(B)相對於彼此以一直角配置。
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