TWI678249B - 主軸裝置 - Google Patents
主軸裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI678249B TWI678249B TW105106826A TW105106826A TWI678249B TW I678249 B TWI678249 B TW I678249B TW 105106826 A TW105106826 A TW 105106826A TW 105106826 A TW105106826 A TW 105106826A TW I678249 B TWI678249 B TW I678249B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
- F16C19/28—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with two or more rows of rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/50—Other types of ball or roller bearings
- F16C19/505—Other types of ball or roller bearings with the diameter of the rolling elements of one row differing from the diameter of those of another row
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
- F16C19/525—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/56—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction in which the rolling bodies of one bearing differ in diameter from those of another
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/303—Parts of ball or roller bearings of hybrid bearings, e.g. rolling bearings with steel races and ceramic rolling elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
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- F16C33/32—Balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
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- F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
- F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
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- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/063—Fixing them on the shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/067—Fixing them in a housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/08—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles
- F16C35/12—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles with ball or roller bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
- F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
- F16C19/26—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
- F16C19/542—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact
- F16C19/543—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact in O-arrangement
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/70—Diameters; Radii
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- F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
- F16C2322/39—General build up of machine tools, e.g. spindles, slides, actuators
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Abstract
本發明適用於例如工具機之主軸裝置。主軸裝置,於該主軸(1)之前側部分與主軸箱(2)之間,自前側端起依序配置有多列圓筒滾子軸承(4)及推力負載支持用軸承(5F、5R)。該多列圓筒滾子軸承(4)之外環(42)與該主軸箱(2)間之配合,係推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列(4B)的遊隙量,大於推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部(4A),而在該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部(4B)係間隙配合。
Description
本發明係有關於支持例如工具機之主軸的主軸裝置。
工具機主軸用的多列圓筒滾子軸承,為了因應對主軸之高速、高剛性、延長壽命等要求,而經過了種種技術改良。例如於專利文獻1,係藉由使滾動體的數量較一般軸承更為減少,而減少因滾動接觸面之摩耗而造成之軸承發熱、或因為油的攪拌阻力而產生的發熱,以提升高速旋轉特性。再者,於專利文獻2,則係採用聚二醚酮樹脂等以作為保持器的材質。藉此,可抑制因為保持器之摩耗屑而造成之潤滑材料劣化、抑制對保持器作用之離心力、以及抑制梳狀保持器的前端部分變形。其結果,會抑制與滾動體間之異常接觸,而可實現高速及延長壽命。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2002-39188號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利第4537920號
[發明所欲解決的問題] 例如,如圖8所示,車床之主軸1的前側端,係由多列圓筒滾子軸承4,以及成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R所構成的組合式軸承3所支持。成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R,係推力負載支持用軸承。多列圓筒滾子軸承4之內環44係嵌合於主軸1的推拔部1c。於嵌裝多列圓筒滾子軸承4時,係由主軸之1後側,將多列圓筒滾子軸承4沿著軸向而往前側推入,並藉由推拔部1c而使內環44之內徑擴大。藉此而調整嵌裝後的徑向內部遊隙。在此所謂之「徑向內部遊隙」,係意指非運轉狀態,也就是自由狀態下的遊隙。一般而言,嵌裝後的徑向內部遊隙,係-2μm左右~-10μm左右。也就是說,內環44與圓筒滾子46之間、以及圓筒滾子46與外環42之間並無遊隙,而係對此等各構件42、44、46施加了2~10μm左右之彈性變形的狀態。
使嵌裝後之徑向內部遊隙設為-2μm以下之目的,一方面是要提高主軸1的剛性,另一方面是要抑制作為滾動體之圓筒滾子46的滑動。若圓筒滾子46滑動,則施加至主軸1的驅動力,無法充分地由主軸1透過內環44→圓筒滾子46→外環42而傳遞。其結果,導致在內環44與圓筒滾子46之間、以及圓筒滾子46與外環42之間發生滑動異音或擦損磨耗等早發性損傷。
於習知技術,車床之主軸的驅動,大多採用以皮帶連結驅動馬達與主軸之皮帶驅動方式;但近年來,基於使裝置小型化及高輸出化等目的,內裝馬達驅動式日益增加。內裝馬達驅動式之主軸,由於馬達部會發熱,因此相較於皮帶驅動方式之主軸,有易於發熱的問題。再加上內裝馬達驅動式之主軸,為了抑制發熱,多會實施外筒冷卻,從主軸箱側加以冷卻。因此,軸承之內環與外環之溫差容易變大。
再者,己知於內裝馬達驅動式之主軸,也如圖8所示,若前側係由多列圓筒滾子軸承4及成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R所支持,則在多列圓筒滾子軸承4中,斜角滾珠軸承側的滾子列部(以下稱為B列部)4B,會在比斜角滾珠軸承側之相反側之滾子列部(以下稱為A列部)4A更為嚴峻之條件下使用。其原因如下。
(1) B列部4B相較於A列部4A,更靠近係發熱源之內裝馬達7。再者,於施行外筒冷卻之情況下,基於主軸裝置之結構,B列部4B會比A列部4A更易於使外環42冷卻。 (2) B列部4B被夾在A列部4A與推力負載支持用之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R之間。
基於這些因素,相較於A列部4A,B列部4B之內外環44、42的溫差會更大,B列部4B在運轉時之徑向內部遊隙會對應該溫差量而縮小。若在此狀況下使用,則有時會加重B列部4B之潤滑劣化,而產生旋轉不良等缺陷。
本發明之目的,係提供一種主軸裝置,可以抑制多列圓筒滾子軸承中之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部在運轉時之徑向內部遊隙變得過小的問題,以防止發生潤滑劣化或旋轉不良等缺陷。 [解決問題之技術手段]
本發明之主軸裝置,於該主軸之前側部分與主軸箱之間,自前側端起依序排列配置有多列圓筒滾子軸承及推力負載支持用軸承;該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環與該主軸箱間的配合,係推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列之遊隙量,大於推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部,該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部係間隙配合。上述多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環與主軸箱間之配合形態,係專指主軸未旋轉時之狀態,而旋轉下的狀態則不限定於此。
又,所謂「推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部」,係指推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的圓筒滾子所嵌合之部分。另一方面,所謂「推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部」,係指推力負載支持軸承側的相反側之滾子列的圓筒滾子所嵌合之部分。
由於工具機需要具備高剛性,因此用於工具機之主軸裝置的圓筒滾子軸承,不僅在內環與主軸間、就連在外環與主軸箱間,都常在干涉配合之狀態下使用。有時也會考量到組裝性,而採用間隙配合,但即使在此情況下,也會由於外環與主軸箱間若有大的遊隙,則直徑方向之剛性會過度下降,因此會設成2μm左右之遊隙量,使其會是接近干涉配合之狀態。
除了有此種使用條件,再加上上述之使用環境,亦即(1)內裝馬達及採用外筒冷卻,(2)與多列圓筒滾子軸承相鄰,而配置斜角滾子軸承等的推力負載支持用軸承;一旦加上這樣的使用環境,則多列圓筒滾子軸承之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部(B列部)的溫度會升高,該滾子列部在運轉時之徑向內部遊隙會減少。
如本發明之結構般,若多列圓筒滾子軸承之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部中之外環、與主軸箱間之配合係間隙配合,則推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的外環不會受到主軸箱拘束。因此,推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部可以在直徑方向上膨脹,可以防止推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的徑向內部遊隙變得過小。藉此,推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部,可以避免徑向內部遊隙變得過小而導致之潤滑劣化、可以防止旋轉不良等缺陷之發生。再者,即使在自由狀態下,加大推力負載支持用軸承側之徑向內部遊隙,由於運轉時各滾子列部之徑向內部遊隙會變為幾乎相同,因此不會發生推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的剛性不足之問題。
為使該多列圓筒滾子軸承之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部中之外環、與主軸箱間的配合,成為間隙配合,有以下的手法。 第1手法,係在該主軸箱中,使該多列圓筒滾子軸承中嵌合有外環之部分的內徑為固定,且使該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環中,該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的外徑,小於該推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列的外徑。
第2手法,係該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環的外徑為固定,且使該主軸箱之內周面之中,在該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環中嵌合有該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部的部分之內徑,大於嵌合有該推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部的部分。
不論是第1及第2中的任一手法,都可以使該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部與該主軸箱間之配合,設成間隙配合。亦可併用第1及第2手法。
於本發明中,該推力負載支持用軸承,亦可係在軸向上彼此反向配列之成對之斜角滾珠軸承。在此情況下,該成對之斜角滾珠軸承中之該多列圓筒滾子軸承側的斜角滾珠軸承之滾珠,較佳係由陶瓷球構成。
於推力負載支持用軸承係成對之斜角滾珠軸承的情況下,為了成為僅受到成對之斜角滾珠軸承對主軸所作用之推力負載的結構,一般係使斜角滾珠軸承之外環的外徑,小於多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環的外徑。若係此結構,在斜角滾珠軸承所發生的熱能難以對主軸箱散熱。因此,相鄰之多列圓筒滾子軸承有可能因其熱的影響,而導致多列圓筒滾子軸承之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部的徑向內部遊隙變成過小遊隙。若以陶瓷球作為多列圓筒滾子軸承側之斜角滾珠軸承之滾珠,會壓低其斜角滾珠軸承之發熱量,而可以降低對相鄰之多列圓筒滾子軸承產生之熱的影響。
於本發明中,亦可具有支持該主軸之後側部分的後側軸承,並在該多列圓筒滾子軸承及推力負載支持用軸承、與該後側軸承之間,設有內裝馬達,而以此內裝馬達旋轉驅動該主軸。
內裝馬達驅動式相較於皮帶驅動方式,主軸裝置全體更易於發熱。再者,若如上述般配置內裝馬達,則在多列圓筒滾子軸承之中,尤以作為發熱源之內裝馬達側之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部的溫度會大幅上昇。然而,如前文所述,若在多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環與主軸箱間的配合,預先使負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的遊隙量,大於推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部,則可以使推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部、與推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列,在運轉時之徑向內部遊隙幾乎相同。因此,可以將內裝馬達所造成之熱的影響壓低到最小限。
於本發明中,亦可對該主軸施行外筒冷卻。「外筒冷卻」係指藉由冷卻主軸箱,而抑制主軸裝置全體之溫度上昇的冷卻方法。
在對主軸施行外筒冷卻的情況下,基於結構,多列圓筒滾子軸承之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列,會比推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部,更易於冷卻外環。因此,多列圓筒滾子軸承之推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部,相較於推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部,內外環的溫差會來得更大。然而,如前文所述,只要在多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環與主軸箱間的配合,預先使負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部,遊隙量大於推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部,則可以使推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部、與推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列,在運轉時之徑向內部遊隙幾乎相同。因此,可以排除因外筒冷卻而造成之不均衡冷卻的影響。 [發明之效果]
本發明之主軸裝置,適用於工具機用主軸裝置。
無論將申請專利範圍及/或說明書及/或圖式所揭露之至少2種結構進行何種組合,都包含在本發明之範圍內。尤其是不論將申請專利範圍之各項的2個以上作何種組合,都包含在本發明之範圍內。
以下將本發明之第1實施形態,與圖1及圖2一併作說明。圖1係繪示主軸裝置之全體的剖面圖。此主軸裝置,係供工具機之用,於主軸1之前側(圖中之左側)安裝著工具或夾具。主軸1係一筒軸,其在中心部具有沿軸向貫通之貫通孔1a;而在軸向上隔著距離之前側部分及後側(圖中之右側)部分,則藉由中隔存在於主軸1與主軸箱2之間的組合式軸承3及後側軸承6,而以旋轉自如地方式分別受到支持。
前側之組合式軸承3,係由單個的多列圓筒滾子軸承4與成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R組合而成,自前側起依序排列著多列圓筒滾子軸承4、前側之斜角滾珠軸承5F、後側之斜角滾珠軸承5R。成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R係推力負載支持用軸承,以背對背組合而配置。又,成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R亦可係正對正組合之配置。後側軸承6係使用單獨的圓筒滾子軸承。
此主軸裝置係於主軸箱2內,內建有馬達之所謂內裝馬達驅動式;在前側之組合式軸承3與後側軸承6之間,設有內裝馬達7。內裝馬達7具有:安裝於主軸1的轉子8、以及安裝於主軸箱2的定子9。轉子8係由例如永久磁鐵所構成,定子9係由例如線圈及鐵芯等所構成。
主軸箱2具有:內周面為圓筒面狀的外筒構件11,以及係圓筒狀且分別嵌合於該外筒構件11之內周的前側內筒構件12、中央內筒構件13與後側內筒構件14。於前側內筒構件12之內周,嵌合有前側之多列圓筒滾子軸承4及成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R各自的外環42、5a、5a。再者,於中央內筒構件13之內周安裝有該定子9,於後側內筒構件14之內周嵌合有該後側軸承6之外環6a。各軸承4、5F、5R、6的內環44、5b、5b、6b,分別嵌合於主軸1的外周面。
前側之多列圓筒滾子軸承4及成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R,係以彼此之內環和內環、外環和外環接觸之狀態配置。各軸承4、5F、5R之內環44、5b、5b,係在設於主軸1之前端的凸緣部1b、與螺合於主軸1之螺帽15之間,隔著內隔圈16、17而在軸向上定位。再者,各軸承4、5F、5R之外環42、5a、5a,係藉由前側內筒構件12之階差面18、與安裝於前側內筒構件12之外圈壓緊構件19,而在軸向上定位。
圓筒滾子軸承所構成的後側軸承6,其內環6b係藉由內隔圈20及內環壓緊構件21而在軸向上定位,同時其外環6a係藉由後側內筒構件14之階差面22與外圈壓緊構件23而在軸向上定位。
於此主軸裝置,會施行外筒冷卻,其係藉由冷卻主軸箱2而抑制主軸裝置全體之溫度上昇。具體而言,前側內筒構件12、中央內筒構件13、及後側內筒構件14之各外周面,分別形成有螺旋狀之冷卻用溝槽12a、13a、14a;而從主軸箱2外供給來的冷卻油,會通過設在外筒構件11之冷卻油供給路25,流入冷卻用溝槽12a、13a、14a。通過了冷卻用溝槽12a、13a、14a的冷卻油,會通過設於外筒構件11之冷卻油排出路26,而排出至主軸箱2外。
圖2繪示組合式軸承3所構成的主軸1之前側部分的支持部。該多列圓筒滾子軸承4係在外環42與內環44之各軌道面42a、44a間,設有2列作為滾動體的圓筒滾子46A、46B。各列之圓筒滾子46A、46B,係以保持器48而在圓周方向上保持成等間隔。內環44係嵌入至推拔部1c,該推拔部1c係越靠近主軸1之前側,直徑就變得更大。
在對主軸1嵌裝多列圓筒滾子軸承4之際,係從後側對主軸1將多列圓筒滾子軸承4朝前側延軸向推入,而藉由推拔部1c以擴大內環44之內徑。藉此而使嵌裝後之徑向內部遊隙成為負遊隙。在此所謂之「徑向內部遊隙」,係意指非運轉狀態,也就是自由狀態下的遊隙。外環42、內環44、及圓筒滾子46A與46B之材質,係例如軸承鋼。各滾子列之內環軌道面44a之各自的直徑彼此相同、外環軌道面42a之各自的直徑彼此相同。再者,各滾子列之圓筒滾子46A、46B之大小,也是彼此相同。
於以下之說明中,對於圓筒滾子46A、46B之2列的排列,將其中之推力負載支持用軸承(斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R)側之相反側的滾子列稱為A列,將推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列稱為B列。再者,在多列圓筒滾子軸承4之推力負載支持用軸承側之相反側的部分稱為A列部4A,推力負載支持用軸承側的部分稱為B列部4B。
於自由狀態下,多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42中的B列部4B之部分、與主軸箱2間之配合,係間隙配合。A列部4A之部分、與主軸箱2間之配合,構成為不論在主軸停止時為間隙配合、過渡配合、或干涉配合皆可,而當主軸1一旋轉,就會因溫度上昇所致之膨脹而成為過渡配合、或干涉配合。不論是何種情況場合,皆設定為B列部4B之外環42與主軸箱2間之遊隙量,大於A列部4A。
具體而言,主軸箱2之內周面中,嵌合有多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42之部分的內徑為固定,且使多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42中,B列部4B之部分的外徑,小於A列部4A之部分的外徑。於圖2中,外環42之B列部4B的部分與主軸箱2之前側內筒構件12間之遊隙,係加以誇大之繪示。
斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R,係在外環5a與內環5b之間,設有作為滾動體的滾珠50F、50R。滾珠50F、50R,係藉由保持器5d而在圓周方向上,保持為等間隔。如前文中之說明,成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R係以背對背組合而配置。為了使各斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R,僅受到作用於主軸1之推力負載,而使各斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R之外環5a的外徑,設定成小於多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42的外徑。於圖2,將該差距以δ標示。
靠近前側,亦即靠近多列圓筒滾子軸承4側之斜角滾珠軸承5F,其外環5a及內環5b的材質雖然係軸承鋼,但滾珠50F卻係由陶瓷球所構成的。另一方面,後側之斜角滾珠軸承5R,其外環5a、內環5b、及滾珠50R的材質,皆係軸承鋼。以陶瓷球作為靠近多列圓筒滾子軸承4側之斜角滾珠軸承5F的滾珠50F之目的,亦是為了在主軸運轉時,使多列圓筒滾子軸承4之A列部4A與B列部4B之徑向內部遊隙幾乎相同。關於其理由,容待後述。
此主軸裝置,由於多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42中之B列部4B的部分、與主軸箱2間之配合,係設置為間隙配合,因此外環42之B列部4B的部分不會受到主軸箱2拘束,而可以在直徑方向上膨脹。因此,即使在運轉時,由於內裝馬達7之熱度及因外筒冷卻而使B列部4B之內外環44、42的溫差變大,亦可防止B列部4B之徑向內部遊隙變得過小。藉此,可以避免B列部4B潤滑劣化,防止旋轉不良等缺陷發生。
再者,於此主軸裝置,由於各斜角滾子軸承5F、5R之外環5a的外徑,小於多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42的外徑,因此在斜角滾子軸承5F、5R所產生的熱,難以對主軸箱2散熱,相鄰之多列圓筒滾子軸承4容易受到其熱的影響。一旦多列圓筒滾子軸承4受到熱的影響,則多列圓筒滾子軸承4之B列部4B的徑向內部遊隙有可能變成過小遊隙。有鑑於此,作為推力負載支持用軸承之成對之斜角滾子軸承5F、5R之中,靠近多列圓筒滾子軸承4側之斜角滾子軸承5F的滾珠50F,就採用陶瓷球。藉此,可以抑制靠近多列圓筒滾子軸承4側之斜角滾珠軸承5F的發熱量,可以降低對相鄰之多列圓筒滾子軸承4所造成之熱的影響。
不同於上述第1實施形態,如圖3之第2實施形態所示,藉由使多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42的外徑為固定,並使主軸箱2之內周面中,嵌合有外環42之B列部4B的部分之處的內徑較大,亦可使外環42之B列部4B的部分與主軸箱2之前側內筒構件12間之配合,成為間隙配合。再者,亦可併用圖2之手法及圖3之手法雙方(不另圖示)。
如上述般,參照圖式說明了本發明之較佳實施形態,但若係所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,閱讀本案說明書後,理當易於在自明之範圍內,思及種種變更及修正。因此,該等變更及修正,亦視同包含在隨附之申請專利範圍所定之本發明的範圍內、或與其均等之範圍內。
接下來,雖不包含在本發明內,但將配合圖4~圖7,針對與本發明同樣可在運轉時防止B列部4B之徑向內部遊隙變得過小,而避免B列部4B發生潤滑劣化、旋轉不良等缺陷的主軸裝置,進行說明。
如圖4、圖5所示,此參考例之主軸裝置亦同,其主軸1之前側部分,係由組合了單個的多列圓筒滾子軸承4與作為推力負載支持用軸承之成對之斜角滾珠軸承5F、5R而成之組合式軸承3所支持。此參考例之主軸裝置相較於上述實施形態之主軸裝置的不同點,係多列圓筒滾子軸承4之外環42與主軸箱2間之配合,在軸向上的全部區域皆為干涉配合,而藉由使多列圓筒滾子軸承4之A列及B列之各圓筒滾子46A、46B的大小相異,而防止B列部4B之徑向內部遊隙變得過小。其他結構則皆與上述實施形態之主軸裝置相同。對於參考例之主軸裝置與上述實施形態主軸裝置間相同之構成部位,係標註相同符號來代表。
例如,如圖6所示,若將A列之圓筒滾子46A與B列之圓筒滾子46B加以比較,則B列的圓筒滾子46B之直徑DB,係設定為小於A列的圓筒滾子46A之直徑DA。具體而言,直徑DB設定成約比直徑DA小2μm左右。如此這般,藉由使B列的圓筒滾子46B之直徑DB較小,則在因為運轉而使B列部4B之內外環44、42的溫差變得大於A列部4A的時間點,可以使兩個列部4A、4B之運轉時的徑向內部遊隙幾乎相同。藉此,可以避免B列部4B發生潤滑劣化,可以防止旋轉不良等缺陷之發生。
再者,如圖7所示,亦可使B列的圓筒滾子46B之直線部長度LB,短於A列的圓筒滾子46A之直線部長度LA。「直線部長度」,係指直滾子及凸面滾子在軸向之直線部的長度。也就是說,如圖7般,在A列之圓筒滾子46A及B列之圓筒滾子46B皆為凸面滾子的情況下,藉由使凸面部Rc間之直線部Rs的長度LA、LB彼此互異,而使其可以成為LA>LB。在A列之圓筒滾子46A及B列之圓筒滾子46B皆為直滾子的情況下,藉由使倒角部間之直線部的長度彼此互異,而可以使其成為LA>LB(不另圖示)。
若圓筒滾子之直線部長度短,則在圓筒滾子推開潤滑油時之攪拌阻力會變小,而成為低發熱。因此,藉由B列的圓筒滾子46B之直線部長度LB較短,而可以抑制該圓筒滾子46B在運轉時,內外環44、42的溫差變大。藉此,可以使多列圓筒滾子軸承4之A列部4A與B列部4B在運轉時之徑向內部遊隙,幾乎相同。藉此,可以避免作為推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部之B列部4B發生潤滑劣化,可以防止旋轉不良等缺陷之發生。
1‧‧‧主軸
1a‧‧‧貫通孔
1b‧‧‧凸緣部
1c‧‧‧推拔部
2‧‧‧主軸箱
3‧‧‧組合式軸承
4‧‧‧多列圓筒滾子軸承
4A‧‧‧A列部(推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部)
4B‧‧‧B列部(推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部)
5F、5R‧‧‧斜角滾珠軸承(推力負載支持用軸承)
5a、6a‧‧‧外環
5b、6b‧‧‧內環
5d‧‧‧保持器
6‧‧‧後側軸承
7‧‧‧內裝馬達
8‧‧‧轉子
9‧‧‧定子
11‧‧‧外筒構件
12‧‧‧前側內筒構件
13‧‧‧中央內筒構件
14‧‧‧後側內筒構件
12a、13a、14a‧‧‧冷卻用溝槽
15‧‧‧螺帽
16、17‧‧‧內隔圈
18‧‧‧階差面
19‧‧‧外圈壓緊構件
20‧‧‧內隔圈
21‧‧‧內環壓緊構件
22‧‧‧階差面
23‧‧‧外圈壓緊構件
25‧‧‧冷卻油供給路
26‧‧‧冷卻油排出路
42‧‧‧外環
42a‧‧‧外環軌道面
44‧‧‧內環
44a‧‧‧內環軌道面
46‧‧‧圓筒滾子
46A‧‧‧(推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列的)圓筒滾子
46B‧‧‧(推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的)圓筒滾子
48‧‧‧保持器
50F、50R‧‧‧滾珠
DA、DB‧‧‧直徑
LA、LB‧‧‧長度
Rc‧‧‧凸面部
Rs‧‧‧直線部
δ‧‧‧差距
參考隨附圖式之下述較佳實施形態的說明,當可使本發明更易於明白理解。然而,實施形態及圖式僅用於繪示及說明,並不用於限定本發明之範圍。本發明之範圍係由隨附之申請專利範圍而定。於隨附圖式中,在複數圖式中皆相同之構件編號,係代表相同或相當之部分。 【圖1】本發明第1實施形態之主軸裝置的剖面圖。 【圖2】於該主軸裝置中之主軸的前側部分之支持部的剖面圖。 【圖3】本發明第2實施形態之主軸裝置中之主軸的前側部分之支持部的剖面圖。 【圖4】參考例之主軸裝置的剖面圖。 【圖5】該主軸裝置中之主軸的前側部分之支持部的剖面圖。 【圖6】繪示該主軸裝置之多列圓筒滾子軸承中,A列之圓筒滾子與B列之圓筒滾子間之直徑差異的圖。 【圖7】繪示另一主軸裝置之多列圓筒滾子軸承中,A列之圓筒滾子與B列之圓筒滾子間的直線部之軸向長度差異的圖。 【圖8】習知之主軸裝置中之主軸的前側部分之支持部的剖面圖。
Claims (8)
- 一種主軸裝置,在主軸之前側部分與主軸箱之間,自前側端起依序配置有一個多列圓筒滾子軸承、及推力負載支持用軸承;該主軸具有:推拔部,越靠近前側,直徑就變得更大;該多列圓筒滾子軸承的內環嵌入至該主軸的該推拔部而使得內徑擴大,該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環與該主軸箱間之配合,係推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的遊隙量,大於推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部,而在該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部係間隙配合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之主軸裝置,其中,該主軸箱中,嵌合有該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環的部分之內徑係固定,且該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環中,該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列的外徑,小於該推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列的外徑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之主軸裝置,其中,該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環的外徑係固定,且該主軸箱之內周面之中,在該多列圓筒滾子軸承之外環中之該推力負載支持用軸承側之滾子列部所嵌合之處的內徑,大於該推力負載支持用軸承側的相反側之滾子列部所嵌合之處的內徑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之主軸裝置,其中,該推力負載支持用軸承,係在軸向上彼此反向配列之成對之斜角滾珠軸承。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之主軸裝置,其中,該成對之斜角滾珠軸承中之該多列圓筒滾子軸承側的斜角滾珠軸承之滾珠,係由陶瓷球所構成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之主軸裝置,其中,更包括支持該主軸之後側部分的後側軸承,並在該多列圓筒滾子軸承及該推力負載支持用軸承、與該後側軸承之間,設有內裝馬達,而以此內裝馬達旋轉驅動該主軸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之主軸裝置,其中,對該主軸箱施行外筒冷卻。
- 一種工具機用主軸裝置,使用申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之主軸裝置。
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