TWI651158B - Spindle device - Google Patents

Spindle device Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI651158B
TWI651158B TW104135103A TW104135103A TWI651158B TW I651158 B TWI651158 B TW I651158B TW 104135103 A TW104135103 A TW 104135103A TW 104135103 A TW104135103 A TW 104135103A TW I651158 B TWI651158 B TW I651158B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
sliding bearing
bearing member
lubricating oil
main shaft
passage
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Application number
TW104135103A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201628764A (en
Inventor
寺田哲也
Original Assignee
日商黑田精工股份有限公司
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/74—Sealings of sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/30—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to direction with respect to gravity
    • F16C2300/34—Vertical, e.g. bearings for supporting a vertical shaft

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

本發明之課題在於有滑動軸承構件之配置部浸泡在潤滑油之主軸中，不造成發熱，且避免潤滑油漏到殼體之外。本發明之解決手段在於設有：隔壁，由外圍繞著由滑動軸承構件延伸突出之主軸之延出部，且具有在與主軸之外周之間劃定有一環狀空隙之開口；空氣通道，劃定於隔壁之遠離滑動軸承構件之側，且連通於環狀空隙，供給加壓空氣；及排氣通道，將滑動軸承構件與面對於該滑動軸承構件之隔壁之側之間朝殼體組裝體之外部開放。 An object of the present invention is to provide a portion in which a sliding bearing member is placed in a main shaft of a lubricating oil so as not to cause heat generation and to prevent the lubricating oil from leaking out of the casing. The solution of the present invention is to provide a partition wall surrounded by an extension of a main shaft extending from the sliding bearing member, and having an opening defined with an annular gap between the outer circumference of the main shaft; Positioned on the side of the partition wall away from the sliding bearing member, and communicated with the annular gap to supply pressurized air; and the exhaust passage, between the sliding bearing member and the side of the partition wall of the sliding bearing member toward the housing assembly The outside is open.

Description

主軸裝置 Spindle device 發明領域 Field of invention

本發明是有關於一種主軸裝置，更詳細地說是一種藉滑動軸承支撐主軸之主軸裝置。 The present invention relates to a spindle device, and more particularly to a spindle device that supports a spindle by a sliding bearing.

發明背景 Background of the invention

對於工作機械所使用之主軸裝置，已知有藉被稱為金屬軸承之滑動軸承來進行主軸支撐之物(例如專利文獻1)。以滑動軸承裝置來說已知有如下裝置，即，利用像被稱為麥肯森(Mackensen)式軸承之非真圓形狀的滑動軸承構件，在滑動軸承構件之內周與主軸的外周間之周向的數處，大多時候，是在相隔120度的三處形成楔形狀的間隙(壓力產生部)，將潤滑油(非壓力性的黏性流體)引進該間隙而所產生之動壓(油膜壓力)，以進行轉軸(主軸)的支撐(例如專利文獻2)。 For a spindle device used in a working machine, a spindle bearing is known by a sliding bearing called a metal bearing (for example, Patent Document 1). In the case of a plain bearing device, there is known a device in which a non-true circular sliding bearing member such as a Mackensen type bearing is used, between the inner circumference of the sliding bearing member and the outer circumference of the main shaft. In many cases in the circumferential direction, a wedge-shaped gap (pressure generating portion) is formed at three places separated by 120 degrees, and dynamic pressure generated by introducing lubricating oil (non-pressure viscous fluid) into the gap ( Oil film pressure) to support the rotating shaft (spindle) (for example, Patent Document 2).

先行技術文獻 Advanced technical literature 專利文獻 Patent literature

專利文獻1：日本發明專利申請案公開公報第2004-9180號 Patent Document 1: Japanese Invention Patent Application Publication No. 2004-9180

專利文獻2：日本發明專利申請案公開公報第2001-65548號 Patent Document 2: Japanese Invention Patent Application Publication No. 2001-65548

發明概要 Summary of invention

在動壓方式的滑動軸承裝置，為得到很高的同心支撐精度，而使滑動軸承構件之配置部整體浸泡在潤滑油，且使數處的壓力產生部全部在相同的條件下由潤滑油所充滿，以設在主軸的圓周周圍之數處之壓力產生部相互產生均等的動壓者為佳。 In the dynamic pressure type sliding bearing device, in order to obtain high concentric support precision, the entire arrangement portion of the sliding bearing member is immersed in the lubricating oil, and the pressure generating portions at several places are all under the same conditions by the lubricating oil. It is preferable that the pressure generating portions provided at a plurality of places around the circumference of the main shaft generate equal dynamic pressure with each other.

主軸的一端側從滑動軸承構件沿軸線方向延伸突出，通過形成在收容有主軸及滑動軸承構件之殼體之穿孔而朝殼體之外部突出，因此有必要防止浸泡著滑動軸承構件之配置部之潤滑油從主軸外周與穿孔之內周間之間隙漏到殼體外。雖能考慮藉一般的接觸式油封進行該潤滑油洩漏之防止，但因為主軸與油封之旋轉摩擦而造成發熱，造成因主軸的熱膨脹所致之位置精度的降低。 One end side of the main shaft extends from the sliding bearing member in the axial direction, and protrudes toward the outside of the casing through a through hole formed in the casing in which the main shaft and the sliding bearing member are housed. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the arrangement portion of the sliding bearing member from being immersed. The lubricating oil leaks from the outer circumference of the main shaft and the inner circumference of the perforation to the outside of the casing. Although it is considered to prevent the leakage of the lubricating oil by a general contact type oil seal, heat is generated due to the rotational friction of the main shaft and the oil seal, resulting in a decrease in positional accuracy due to thermal expansion of the main shaft.

本發明欲解決之課題在於滑動軸承構件之配置部浸泡在潤滑油之主軸中，不造成發熱，且避免潤滑油漏到殼體之外。 The object to be solved by the present invention is that the arrangement portion of the sliding bearing member is immersed in the main shaft of the lubricating oil, does not cause heat generation, and prevents the lubricating oil from leaking out of the casing.

依本發明之主軸裝置，是具有主軸(24)、支撐前述主軸(24)之軸頸部分(24B)之滑動軸承構件(36)、及收容主軸(24)與滑動軸承構件(36)之殼體(12)，並且前述滑動軸承構件(36)浸泡在潤滑油之主軸裝置(10)，且該主軸裝置包含有：隔壁(18A)，從外圍繞由前述滑動軸承構件(36)延伸突 出形成之前述主軸(24)之延出部(24E)，且具有在與前述主軸(24)之外周之間劃定有環狀空隙(48)之開口(46)；空氣通道(70)，劃定在前述隔壁(18A)之遠離前述滑動軸承構件(36)之側，且連通於前述環狀空隙(48)，供給加壓空氣；及排氣通道(74)，使前述滑動軸承構件(36)與前述隔壁(18A)之間朝前述殼體(12)之外部開放。 The spindle device according to the present invention is a sliding bearing member (36) having a main shaft (24), a journal portion (24B) supporting the main shaft (24), and a housing for housing the main shaft (24) and the sliding bearing member (36) a body (12), and the aforementioned sliding bearing member (36) is immersed in a lubricating oil spindle device (10), and the spindle device comprises: a partition wall (18A) extending from the outer portion by the aforementioned sliding bearing member (36) Forming an extension (24E) of the aforementioned main shaft (24), and having an opening (46) defining an annular gap (48) between the outer circumference of the main shaft (24); an air passage (70), a side of the partition wall (18A) remote from the sliding bearing member (36), and communicating with the annular gap (48) to supply pressurized air; and an exhaust passage (74) for the sliding bearing member ( 36) is open to the outside of the casing (12) between the partition wall (18A).

依該構成，使由空氣通道(70)流出於環狀空隙(48)而流動在滑動軸承構件(36)與面對於滑動軸承構件(36)之隔壁(18A)側之間之加壓空氣，從排氣通道(74)排出到殼體(12)外，因此背壓不會昇高，且使由環狀空隙(48)而流到滑動軸承構件(36)與隔壁(18A)間之加壓空氣的流動變得確實，確實地避免潤滑油從滑動軸承構件(36)側通過環狀空隙(48)而漏到外部之情況。其次，此形態是以不產生旋轉摩擦之非接觸方式進行，因此不會造成發熱。 With this configuration, the air passage (70) flows out of the annular space (48) and flows between the sliding bearing member (36) and the side of the partition wall (18A) of the sliding bearing member (36). Exhaust from the exhaust passage (74) to the outside of the casing (12), so that the back pressure does not rise, and the flow from the annular gap (48) to the sliding bearing member (36) and the partition wall (18A) The flow of the compressed air becomes sure, and it is surely prevented that the lubricating oil leaks to the outside from the side of the sliding bearing member (36) through the annular gap (48). Secondly, this form is carried out in a non-contact manner in which no rotational friction is generated, so that heat generation is not caused.

依本發明之主軸裝置，較佳的是，前述隔壁(18A)是由前述殼體(12)局部所構成，前述空氣通道(70)包括：半徑方向通道(66)，設在前述殼體(12)；及環狀通道(68)，連通於該半徑方向通道(66)，且從外圍繞前述主軸(24)。 According to the spindle device of the present invention, preferably, the partition wall (18A) is partially formed by the casing (12), and the air passage (70) includes a radial passage (66) provided in the casing ( 12); and an annular passage (68) communicating with the radial passage (66) and surrounding the aforementioned main shaft (24) from the outside.

依該構成，加壓空氣流出於環狀空隙(48)遍佈全部區域，能更進一步確實地避免潤滑油通過環狀空隙(48)而漏到外部之情況。 According to this configuration, the pressurized air flows out of the annular space (48) over the entire area, and the lubricating oil can be more reliably prevented from leaking to the outside through the annular space (48).

依本發明之主軸裝置，較佳的是，在比空氣通道(70)更遠離前述滑動軸承構件(36)之側構成有迷宮式封環(labyrinth seal)(72)。 According to the spindle device of the present invention, it is preferable that a labyrinth seal (72) is formed on the side farther from the sliding bearing member (36) than the air passage (70).

依該構成，萬一就算潤滑油從環狀空隙(48)漏到前側，亦能在失效安全(fail-safe)之狀態下防止漏油。 According to this configuration, even if the lubricating oil leaks from the annular space (48) to the front side, the oil leakage can be prevented in a fail-safe state.

依本發明之主軸裝置，較佳的是，在前述滑動軸承構件(36)與面對該滑動軸承構件(36)之前述隔壁(18A)之側之間劃定有一從前述主軸(24)之外周側而朝徑向外部擴張之擴張室(62)。 According to the spindle device of the present invention, preferably, between the sliding bearing member (36) and the side of the partition wall (18A) facing the sliding bearing member (36), a spindle (24) is defined. An expansion chamber (62) that expands radially outward on the outer peripheral side.

依該構成，擴張室(62)成為一從環狀空隙(48)擴張之空間，因此能使從環狀空隙(48)流到擴張室(62)之加壓空氣之流出良好進行，使避免擴張室(62)的潤滑油通過環狀空隙(48)而漏到外部之效果獲得提昇。 According to this configuration, the expansion chamber (62) becomes a space that expands from the annular space (48), so that the outflow of the pressurized air flowing from the annular space (48) to the expansion chamber (62) can be performed well, thereby avoiding The effect of the lubricating oil in the expansion chamber (62) leaking to the outside through the annular gap (48) is enhanced.

依本發明之主軸裝置，較佳的是，在前述滑動軸承構件(36)之遠離前述隔壁(18A)之端部側安裝有擋油環(50)，該擋油環縮小前述殼體(12)內周與前述主軸(24)外周間之間隙，且使前述殼體(12)內周及前述主軸(24)外周其中一者相對於另一者形成非接觸狀態，且具有由前述擋油環(50)朝前述滑動軸承構件(36)之側供給潤滑油之潤滑油供給通道(52)。 According to the spindle device of the present invention, it is preferable that an oil retaining ring (50) is attached to an end portion of the sliding bearing member (36) away from the partition wall (18A), and the oil retaining ring reduces the housing (12). a gap between the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the aforementioned main shaft (24), and one of the inner circumference of the casing (12) and the outer circumference of the main shaft (24) is in a non-contact state with respect to the other, and has the aforementioned oil retaining The ring (50) supplies a lubricating oil supply passage (52) to the side of the aforementioned sliding bearing member (36).

依該構成，藉擋油環(50)之設置，可減少填入殼體(12)之潤滑油之油量。 According to this configuration, the amount of oil of the lubricating oil filled in the casing (12) can be reduced by the arrangement of the oil retaining ring (50).

依本發明之主軸裝置，從空氣通道流出於環狀空隙而流到滑動軸承構件與面對該滑動軸承構件之隔壁之側之間之加壓空氣可從排氣通道排出於殼體外，因此不會使背壓昇高，使經由環狀空隙而流向滑動軸承構件與隔壁間 之加壓空氣的流動變得確實，不造成發熱，且能確實地避免潤滑油從滑動軸承構件側通過環狀空隙而漏到外部之情況。 According to the spindle device of the present invention, the pressurized air flowing from the air passage to the annular gap and flowing between the sliding bearing member and the side facing the partition wall of the sliding bearing member can be discharged from the exhaust passage outside the casing, so The back pressure is increased to flow between the sliding bearing member and the partition wall via the annular gap The flow of the pressurized air becomes reliable, does not cause heat generation, and can reliably prevent the lubricating oil from leaking to the outside through the annular gap from the side of the sliding bearing member.

10‧‧‧主軸裝置 10‧‧‧ spindle device

12‧‧‧殼體組裝體(殼體) 12‧‧‧Shell assembly (housing)

14‧‧‧前部殼體構件 14‧‧‧Front shell components

16‧‧‧後部殼體構件 16‧‧‧ Rear housing components

18‧‧‧前端構件 18‧‧‧ front end components

18A‧‧‧隔壁 18A‧‧‧ next door

20‧‧‧後端構件 20‧‧‧ Backend components

22‧‧‧內部空間 22‧‧‧Internal space

24‧‧‧主軸 24‧‧‧ Spindle

24A‧‧‧錐柄部 24A‧‧‧ taper shank

24B‧‧‧軸頸部 24B‧‧‧Axial neck

24C‧‧‧螺紋軸部 24C‧‧‧Threaded shaft

24D‧‧‧圓環突條部 24D‧‧‧Rounds

24E‧‧‧延出部 24E‧‧‧Exiting Department

24F‧‧‧後端部 24F‧‧‧ back end

26‧‧‧滑動軸承裝置 26‧‧‧Sliding bearing unit

28‧‧‧滾珠軸承 28‧‧‧Ball bearings

30‧‧‧滾動軸承裝置 30‧‧‧ rolling bearing unit

32‧‧‧軸承盒 32‧‧‧ bearing box

34‧‧‧錐形孔 34‧‧‧Conical hole

36‧‧‧滑動軸承構件 36‧‧‧Sliding bearing components

36A‧‧‧厚壁部 36A‧‧‧ Thick Wall

36B‧‧‧薄壁部 36B‧‧‧ Thin wall

38‧‧‧中心孔 38‧‧‧ center hole

40‧‧‧環狀間隙 40‧‧‧ annular gap

42‧‧‧耐壓環 42‧‧‧pressure ring

44‧‧‧螺帽 44‧‧‧ nuts

46‧‧‧開口 46‧‧‧ openings

48‧‧‧環狀空隙 48‧‧‧ annular gap

50‧‧‧擋油環 50‧‧‧ oil retaining ring

52‧‧‧供油通道 52‧‧‧ oil supply channel

54‧‧‧凹部 54‧‧‧ recess

56‧‧‧環狀溝 56‧‧‧ annular groove

58‧‧‧油路 58‧‧‧ oil road

60,62‧‧‧擴張室 60,62‧‧‧Expansion room

64‧‧‧環狀空隙 64‧‧‧ annular gap

66‧‧‧半徑方向通道 66‧‧‧ Radial direction channel

68‧‧‧環狀通道 68‧‧‧Ring channel

70‧‧‧空氣通道 70‧‧‧Air passage

72‧‧‧迷宮式封環 72‧‧‧ labyrinth ring

74‧‧‧排氣通道 74‧‧‧Exhaust passage

75,76,78‧‧‧排油通道 75,76,78‧‧‧ Oil drain

80‧‧‧開口 80‧‧‧ openings

82‧‧‧環狀空隙 82‧‧‧ annular gap

84‧‧‧空氣通道 84‧‧‧Air passage

圖1是顯示本發明之主軸裝置一個實施形態之縱向剖視圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a spindle device of the present invention.

圖2是本實施形態之主軸裝置之主要部分之放大縱向剖視圖。 Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the main part of the spindle unit of the embodiment.

圖3是沿圖2之Ⅲ-Ⅲ線之剖視圖。 Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of Figure 2;

較佳實施例之詳細說明 Detailed description of the preferred embodiment

以下，參考圖1至圖3，說明本發明之主軸裝置一個實施形態。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of a spindle device according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 .

主軸裝置10具有圓筒形狀之殼體組裝體12。殼體組裝體12具有：前部殼體構件14與後部殼體構件16之連結體、固定於前部殼體構件14之前端之前端構件18、及固定於後部殼體構件16之後端之後端構件20。該等構件是藉螺栓(未示於圖中)而呈一體形狀，且劃定有一沿軸線方向貫穿之圓形橫向剖面之內部空間22。 The spindle device 10 has a cylindrical casing assembly 12. The housing assembly 12 has a coupling body of the front housing member 14 and the rear housing member 16, a front end member 18 fixed to the front end of the front housing member 14, and a rear end end fixed to the rear housing member 16. Member 20. The members are integrally formed by bolts (not shown) and define an inner space 22 having a circular transverse cross section extending in the axial direction.

內部空間22配置有圓形橫向剖面之主軸24。主軸24是在內部空間22之中心軸線上沿內部空間22之長向延伸，使前部藉滑動軸承裝置26可旋轉地支撐，且使後部藉由4列滾珠軸承28所構成之滾動軸承裝置30可旋轉地支撐。主軸 24的前端是由前端構件18朝前方延伸突出，該延出部形成為裝設工具架(holder)等之錐柄(taper shank)部24A。 The inner space 22 is provided with a main shaft 24 having a circular transverse cross section. The main shaft 24 extends in the longitudinal direction of the inner space 22 on the central axis of the inner space 22, so that the front portion is rotatably supported by the sliding bearing device 26, and the rolling bearing device 30 having the rear portion formed by the four rows of ball bearings 28 is Rotatingly supported. Spindle The front end of the 24 is extended forward by the front end member 18, and the extended portion is formed as a taper shank portion 24A to which a holder or the like is attached.

滑動軸承裝置26具有***內部空間22之前側且固定在前部殼體構件14之軸承盒32。軸承盒32具有其徑往後部愈小之錐形孔34。錐形孔34有滑動軸承構件36***。 The plain bearing device 26 has a bearing housing 32 that is inserted into the front side of the inner space 22 and that is fixed to the front housing member 14. The bearing housing 32 has a tapered bore 34 that is smaller in diameter toward the rear. The tapered bore 34 has a sliding bearing member 36 inserted therein.

滑動軸承構件36是白合金(white metal)等之金屬製成，如圖3所示，是被稱為麥肯森(Mackensen)式軸承之非真圓形狀者，具有主軸24貫穿之中心孔38；形成在周向三處(180度等間隔)且嵌合於錐形孔34之錐形狀之厚壁部36A；及，連接相鄰之厚壁部36A彼此之薄壁部36B。主軸24是使貫穿中心孔38之部分形成為藉滑動軸承構件36支撐而呈可旋轉狀態之直軸部所構成之軸頸部24B。在軸頸部24B之外周面與中心孔38之內周面之間形成有構成油膜用之環狀間隙40。 The sliding bearing member 36 is made of a metal such as a white metal, as shown in FIG. 3, and is a non-true round shape of a bearing called a Mackensen type bearing having a center hole 38 through which the main shaft 24 passes. A thick-walled portion 36A formed in three circumferential directions (equal intervals of 180 degrees) and fitted to the tapered hole 34; and a thin-walled portion 36B that connects the adjacent thick-walled portions 36A to each other. The main shaft 24 is a journal portion 24B formed by forming a portion penetrating through the center hole 38 as a straight shaft portion that is rotatably supported by the sliding bearing member 36. An annular gap 40 constituting the oil film is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the journal portion 24B and the inner peripheral surface of the center hole 38.

滑動軸承構件36，藉著螺旋卡合在軸承盒32之耐壓環42而按壓錐形孔34之小徑側，藉此，經由厚壁部36A與錐形孔34形成錐形卡合(楔卡合)，而使薄壁部36B朝徑向外側彈性變形。藉該彈性變形，而使環狀間隙40在各厚壁部36A中變形成周向延伸之楔形狀，且楔形狀部分成為油膜之壓力產生部。 The sliding bearing member 36 presses the small diameter side of the tapered hole 34 by the spiral engagement of the pressure-resistant ring 42 of the bearing housing 32, whereby the tapered portion 34 and the tapered hole 34 form a tapered engagement (wedge) The thin portion 36B is elastically deformed toward the radially outer side. By this elastic deformation, the annular gap 40 is deformed into a circumferentially extending wedge shape in each thick portion 36A, and the wedge-shaped portion becomes a pressure generating portion of the oil film.

主軸24是從滑動軸承構件36而朝前方延伸突出形成，該延出部，如圖2所示，從軸頸部24B之側開始依序形成為螺紋軸部24C、圓環突條部24D、直軸部所形成之延出部24E、及前述之錐柄部24A。螺紋軸部24C有螺帽(nut)44 螺旋卡合。 The main shaft 24 is formed to extend forward from the sliding bearing member 36. The extended portion is sequentially formed as a threaded shaft portion 24C and a ring-shaped projecting portion 24D from the side of the journal portion 24B as shown in FIG. The extended portion 24E formed by the straight shaft portion and the tapered handle portion 24A described above. The threaded shaft portion 24C has a nut 44 Spiral snap fit.

前端構件18，形成殼體組裝體12前側的端壁，並使延出部24E通過貫穿形成在中央部之圓形剖面形狀之開口46，而形成從外圍繞延出部24E之隔壁，在延出部24E之外周面與開口46之內周面之間劃定有環狀空隙48。環狀空隙48是微小空隙，藉此，前端構件18是形成非接觸方式的金屬封合(擋油部)。 The front end member 18 forms an end wall on the front side of the casing assembly 12, and the extension portion 24E passes through the opening 46 formed in the circular cross-sectional shape formed at the center portion to form a partition wall from the outer circumference extending portion 24E. An annular gap 48 is defined between the outer peripheral surface of the outlet portion 24E and the inner peripheral surface of the opening 46. The annular space 48 is a minute gap, whereby the front end member 18 is formed into a non-contact metal seal (oil retaining portion).

在用以解決課題之手段及申請專利範圍所道之隔壁，在本實施形態中，於圖2中如符號18A所示，是指前端構件18中從後述之環状通路68朝滑動軸承構件36側之部分。 In the present embodiment, as shown in the reference numeral 18A in Fig. 2, the front end member 18 is directed from the annular passage 68, which will be described later, toward the sliding bearing member 36 side. Part of it.

在位於較滑動軸承構件36後側(遠離前端構件18(隔壁)之端部側)之前部殼體構件14之後端部固定有擋油環50(參考圖1)。擋油環50之作用在於主軸24之外周面相對於另一者以非接觸的方式，縮小前部殼體構件14之內周與主軸24之外周間之間隙，作為油壩(oil dam)之用。 An oil retaining ring 50 is fixed to the rear end portion of the front housing member 14 at a rear side of the relatively sliding bearing member 36 (away from the end side of the front end member 18 (partition wall)) (refer to FIG. 1). The slinger 50 functions to reduce the gap between the inner circumference of the front housing member 14 and the outer circumference of the main shaft 24 in a non-contact manner with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 24 as an oil dam. .

在前部殼體構件14形成有供油通道(潤滑油供給通道)52。供油通道52是連通於比擋油環50更靠滑動軸承構件36側之內部空間22。在供油通道52供給由外部加壓之潤滑油(具黏性之非壓縮性流體)，潤滑油是填入殼體組裝體12內，且充滿內部空間22之中形成金屬封合之前端構件18與擋油環50間包括環狀間隙40之空間全部區域。藉擋油環50之存在，能減少填入殼體組裝體12內之潤滑油之油量。 An oil supply passage (lubricating oil supply passage) 52 is formed in the front housing member 14. The oil supply passage 52 is communicated with the inner space 22 which is closer to the side of the sliding bearing member 36 than the oil retaining ring 50. A lubricating oil (viscous non-compressible fluid) pressurized externally is supplied to the oil supply passage 52, and the lubricating oil is filled into the casing assembly 12, and the inner end space 22 is filled with a metal seal before the end member is formed. The entire space between the 18 and the slinger 50 including the annular gap 40 is included. By the presence of the oil retaining ring 50, the amount of oil of the lubricating oil filled in the casing assembly 12 can be reduced.

此外，在水平配置之主軸裝置10之形態，潤滑油 無須要填入殼體組裝體12內而且充滿內部空間22之中形成金屬封合之前端構件18與擋油環50間之空間全部區域，只要是能將環狀間隙40之整體浸泡在潤滑油之液量程度的潤滑油之填入即可。此時，後述之擴張室62便成為具有使環狀間隙40整體被潤滑油浸泡之液量程度所構成之潤滑油之油槽。 In addition, in the form of the spindle device 10 arranged horizontally, the lubricating oil It is not necessary to fill the inside of the casing assembly 12 and fill the entire space of the inner space 22 to form a space between the end member 18 and the slinger 50 before the metal sealing, as long as the entire annular gap 40 can be immersed in the lubricating oil. Fill in the amount of lubricating oil. At this time, the expansion chamber 62 to be described later is an oil groove having a lubricating oil composed of a liquid amount in which the entire annular gap 40 is soaked by the lubricating oil.

從供油通道52到環狀間隙40之潤滑油的供給，是透過經由形成在前部殼體構件14之內周部之凹部54、形成在軸承盒32之外周部之環狀溝56、形成在軸承盒32內之油路58、軸承盒32後側之擴張室60之路徑、及在油路58分叉而經由軸承盒32前側之擴張室62、軸頸部24B之外周面之路徑而進行。從供油通道52到擴張室62之潤滑油之供給，亦藉前部殼體構件14之內周面與軸承盒32之外周面間所形成之環狀空隙64進行。另，擴張室62，是將位於滑動軸承構件36與前端構件18(面對滑動軸承構件36之隔壁之側)間之軸線方向部分從滑動軸承構件36朝徑向外部擴張之擴張室，如上述，具有形成油槽而對氣液分離有用之容積。 The supply of the lubricating oil from the oil supply passage 52 to the annular gap 40 is formed by the annular groove 56 formed in the outer peripheral portion of the bearing housing 32 via the recess 54 formed in the inner peripheral portion of the front housing member 14. The oil passage 58 in the bearing housing 32, the path of the expansion chamber 60 on the rear side of the bearing cartridge 32, and the path of the outer peripheral surface of the expansion chamber 62 and the journal portion 24B on the front side of the bearing cartridge 32 are branched by the oil passage 58. get on. The supply of the lubricating oil from the oil supply passage 52 to the expansion chamber 62 is also performed by the annular gap 64 formed between the inner circumferential surface of the front housing member 14 and the outer circumferential surface of the bearing housing 32. Further, the expansion chamber 62 is an expansion chamber that expands the axial direction portion between the sliding bearing member 36 and the front end member 18 (the side facing the partition wall of the sliding bearing member 36) radially outward from the sliding bearing member 36, as described above. It has a volume that forms an oil sump and is useful for gas-liquid separation.

在前端構件18形成有空氣通道70，該空氣通道70是藉半徑方向通道66、以及連通於半徑方向通道66而從外圍繞延出部24E之環狀通道68所形成。空氣通道70是劃定在隔壁18A之遠離滑動軸承構件36之側(前側)，連通於環狀空隙48，由外部供應加壓空氣。 An air passage 70 is formed in the front end member 18, and the air passage 70 is formed by a radial passage 66 and an annular passage 68 that communicates with the radial passage 66 from the outer circumferential portion 24E. The air passage 70 is defined on the side (front side) of the partition wall 18A away from the sliding bearing member 36, communicates with the annular gap 48, and is supplied with pressurized air from the outside.

在比空気通路70更遠離滑動軸承構件36之側(前側)中之前端構件18與延出部24E間之空隙構成有氣封(air seal)式的迷宮式封環(labyrinth seal)72，該氣封式的迷宮式封環72是藉由供應到環狀通道68之加壓空氣的一部分流動所形成。 In the side (front side) farther from the sliding bearing member 36 than the open passage 70, the gap between the end member 18 and the extension portion 24E constitutes a gas seal (air A labyrinth seal 72 of the seal type is formed by a portion of the pressurized air supplied to the annular passage 68.

在前端構件18形成有排氣通道74，該排氣通道74是將滑動軸承構件36與面對滑動軸承構件36之隔壁18A之側之間，即擴張室62之上部朝殼體組裝體12之外部開放，即大氣開放。 An exhaust passage 74 is formed in the front end member 18 between the sliding bearing member 36 and the side of the partition wall 18A facing the sliding bearing member 36, that is, the upper portion of the expansion chamber 62 toward the housing assembly 12. The outside is open, that is, the atmosphere is open.

如圖1所示，在後部殼體構件16及後端構件20形成有用以將從擋油環50之間隙朝後側洩漏之潤滑油排出於殼體組裝體12外之排油通道75、76。在後端構件20形成有用以將通過滾動軸承裝置30而朝後側洩漏之潤滑油排出至殼體組裝體12外之排油通道78。 As shown in FIG. 1, the rear casing member 16 and the rear end member 20 are formed with oil discharge passages 75, 76 for discharging lubricating oil leaking from the gap of the slinger 50 toward the rear side to the outside of the casing assembly 12. . The oil discharge passage 78 is formed in the rear end member 20 to discharge the lubricating oil leaking toward the rear side by the rolling bearing device 30 to the outside of the casing assembly 12.

主軸24之後端部24F是貫穿形成在後端構件20之圓形橫向剖面之開口80，而從後端構件20朝後方延伸形成。在後端構件20，形成有對開口80之內周面與後端部24F之外周面間之環状空隙82供給加壓空氣而實現非接觸方式的氣封之空氣通道84。 The rear end portion 24F of the main shaft 24 is formed to extend through the opening 80 formed in the circular cross section of the rear end member 20, and extends rearward from the rear end member 20. In the rear end member 20, an air passage 84 that supplies pressurized air to the annular space 82 between the inner circumferential surface of the opening 80 and the outer circumferential surface of the rear end portion 24F to form a non-contact air seal is formed.

由供油通道油52而供給至殼體組裝體12內，換言之，供給至滑動軸承裝置26之潤滑油的油量較由排氣通道74、排油通道75、76、78自然排出至殼體組裝體12外之油量多，位於軸頸部24B與滑動軸承構件36之間之環狀間隙40始終藉潤滑油所充滿，在環狀間隙40形成有油膜。 The oil supply passage oil 52 is supplied to the casing assembly 12, in other words, the amount of oil supplied to the lubricating oil of the sliding bearing device 26 is naturally discharged to the casing by the exhaust passage 74 and the oil discharge passages 75, 76, 78. The amount of oil outside the assembled body 12 is large, and the annular gap 40 between the journal portion 24B and the sliding bearing member 36 is always filled with lubricating oil, and an oil film is formed in the annular gap 40.

主軸24一旋轉，環狀間隙40對應於滑動軸承構件36之各厚壁部36A之部分變形成楔形狀之部分，有潤滑油隨 著主軸24的旋轉引進，而在該楔形狀之變形部分產生動壓。藉該動壓，而使主軸24相對於滑動軸承構件36形成非接觸狀態且可旋轉地被支撐。 When the main shaft 24 rotates, the annular gap 40 corresponds to a portion of each of the thick wall portions 36A of the sliding bearing member 36 which is deformed into a wedge shape. The rotation of the main shaft 24 is introduced, and dynamic pressure is generated in the deformed portion of the wedge shape. By this dynamic pressure, the main shaft 24 is brought into a non-contact state with respect to the sliding bearing member 36 and rotatably supported.

被供給至空氣通道70之加壓空氣從該環狀通道68流出(噴出)至環狀空隙48，經由環狀空隙48而流至擴張室62之側，從環狀空隙48流出至擴張室62內。流出至擴張室62內之加壓空氣在充滿擴張室62之潤滑油內成為氣泡而流動，從上方的排氣通道74而排出至殼體組裝體12外。擴張室62具有形成油槽而對氣液分離有用之容積，藉此，在擴張室62能進行良好的氣液分離。藉此，減少從排氣通道74所排出之潤滑油，可減少對殼體組裝體12供給之潤滑油的供給量。 The pressurized air supplied to the air passage 70 flows out (sprays) from the annular passage 68 to the annular gap 48, flows to the side of the expansion chamber 62 via the annular gap 48, and flows out from the annular gap 48 to the expansion chamber 62. Inside. The pressurized air that has flowed out into the expansion chamber 62 flows as bubbles in the lubricating oil filled in the expansion chamber 62, and is discharged to the outside of the casing assembly 12 from the upper exhaust passage 74. The expansion chamber 62 has a volume that forms an oil groove and is useful for gas-liquid separation, whereby good gas-liquid separation can be performed in the expansion chamber 62. Thereby, the lubricating oil discharged from the exhaust passage 74 can be reduced, and the supply amount of the lubricating oil supplied to the casing assembly 12 can be reduced.

藉由排氣通道74進行加壓空氣之排出，藉此使得擴張室62之內壓不會因加壓空氣而昇高，不使背壓昇高，而使經由環狀空隙48而流向擴張室62側之加壓空氣的流動變得確實，隨此，從環狀空隙48而流到擴張室62內之加壓空氣的流出亦能維持在大流量的狀態下確實進行。其次，藉相對於擴張室62內之加壓空氣之流出壓力高於大氣開放之擴張室62之潤滑油的壓力，而阻止由擴張室62流入環狀空隙48之潤滑油的流入，因此可在不造成發熱之狀態下能確實地避免擴張室62的潤滑油通過環狀空隙48而漏到外部。此事是以不產生旋轉摩擦之非接觸方式進行，因此不會造成發熱或磨損。 The discharge of the pressurized air is performed by the exhaust passage 74, whereby the internal pressure of the expansion chamber 62 is not raised by the pressurized air, and the back pressure is not increased, but flows to the expansion chamber via the annular gap 48. The flow of the pressurized air on the side of the 62 side becomes reliable, and accordingly, the outflow of the pressurized air flowing from the annular space 48 into the expansion chamber 62 can be surely maintained in a state of a large flow rate. Secondly, the inflow of the lubricating oil flowing into the annular space 48 by the expansion chamber 62 is prevented by the pressure of the lubricating oil in the expansion chamber 62 being higher than the pressure of the lubricating oil in the expansion chamber 62 in which the atmosphere is opened. The lubricating oil of the expansion chamber 62 can be surely prevented from leaking to the outside through the annular gap 48 without causing heat. This is done in a non-contact manner that does not produce rotational friction and therefore does not cause heat or wear.

藉此，在滑動軸承構件36之配置部浸泡於潤滑油 之主軸裝置10中，不造成發熱或磨損，且能確實地避免潤滑油洩漏至殼體組裝體12外之情況。 Thereby, the lubricating oil is immersed in the arrangement portion of the sliding bearing member 36. In the spindle device 10, heat generation or abrasion is not caused, and the leakage of the lubricating oil to the outside of the casing assembly 12 can be surely prevented.

又，使加壓空氣通過環狀通道68流出而遍佈於環狀空隙48全部區域，因此能更進一步確實地避免潤滑油通過環狀空隙48而漏到外部之情況。又，擴張室62成為一從環狀空隙48擴張之空間，因此能使從環狀空隙48流到擴張室62之加壓空氣之流出良好進行。藉此，使避免擴張室62的潤滑油通過環狀空隙48而漏到外部之效果獲得提昇。 Further, since the pressurized air flows out through the annular passage 68 and spread over the entire area of the annular gap 48, it is possible to more reliably prevent the lubricating oil from leaking to the outside through the annular gap 48. Further, since the expansion chamber 62 is a space that is expanded from the annular space 48, the flow of the pressurized air flowing from the annular space 48 to the expansion chamber 62 can be performed well. Thereby, the effect of preventing the lubricating oil of the expansion chamber 62 from leaking to the outside through the annular gap 48 is improved.

萬一就算潤滑油從環狀空隙48朝前側漏出，由於加壓空氣之一部分從環狀通道68流動至比環狀通道68前側(遠離擴張室62之側)而構成有迷宮式封環72，藉此便能截斷該流動，不會發生潤滑油從環狀空隙48漏到外部之情況。藉此可得到失效安全效果。 In the event that the lubricating oil leaks from the annular gap 48 toward the front side, a labyrinth seal 72 is formed due to a portion of the pressurized air flowing from the annular passage 68 to the front side of the annular passage 68 (away from the side of the expansion chamber 62), Thereby, the flow can be interrupted, and the leakage of the lubricating oil from the annular gap 48 to the outside does not occur. This results in a fail-safe effect.

以上乃針對本發明之適當的實施形態來說明本發明，但舉凡熟悉該項技藝人士就能易於理解，本發明不限於如此實施形態，只要不脫離本發明旨趣之範圍內可做適當變更。例如，相對於環狀空隙48之加壓空氣之流出亦可從隔壁18A之遠離滑動軸承構件36之側(前側)，藉與隔壁18A無關之空氣通道構成構件來進行。又，排油通路75、76亦可連接有排油幫浦，來進行強制排油。擋油環50亦可固定在主軸24之外周，而非固定在前部殼體構件14之內周。又，上述實施形態所示之構成要素未必全部都是必須者，只要不脫離本發明之旨趣，即能適當地取捨選擇採用。 The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately modified without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the outflow of the pressurized air with respect to the annular gap 48 may be performed from the side (front side) of the partition wall 18A away from the sliding bearing member 36 by the air passage constituting member independent of the partition wall 18A. Further, the oil discharge passages 75 and 76 may be connected to an oil drain pump for forced oil discharge. The slinger 50 can also be fixed to the outer circumference of the main shaft 24 instead of being fixed to the inner circumference of the front housing member 14. Further, the constituent elements shown in the above embodiments are not necessarily all necessary, and can be appropriately selected and used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本案之成為基於巴黎條約而主張優先權之基礎 案之日本發明專利申請案(2014年10月28日申請之第2014-219704號發明專利申請案)之揭示內容，於此參考，藉此在本案說明書援用該整體內容。 The case became the basis for claiming priority based on the Paris Treaty The disclosure of the Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-219704, filed on Oct. 28, 2014, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in

Claims (5)

一種主軸裝置，包括：主軸、支撐前述主軸之軸頸部分之滑動軸承構件、及收容主軸與滑動軸承構件之殼體，並且使前述滑動軸承構件浸泡在潤滑油，前述殼體包含前端構件，前述前端構件具有隔壁，前述隔壁是從外圍繞由前述滑動軸承構件延伸突出並突出於前述殼體的外部之前述主軸之延出部，且具有開口，該開口於遠離前述滑動軸承構件之側在與前述主軸外周之間劃定環狀空隙，前述前端構件包含有空氣通道，前述空氣通道是只在從前述環狀空隙遠離之側，在與前述主軸外周之間劃定連通於前述環狀空隙之環狀通道，且只從前述環狀通道朝前述環狀空隙噴出加壓空氣，前述主軸裝置進一步具有排氣通道，前述排氣通道使前述滑動軸承構件與前述隔壁之間朝前述殼體之外部開放。 A spindle device comprising: a main shaft, a sliding bearing member supporting a journal portion of the main shaft, and a housing accommodating the main shaft and the sliding bearing member, and immersing the sliding bearing member in lubricating oil, the housing including a front end member, the aforementioned The front end member has a partition wall that surrounds the extension portion of the main shaft that protrudes from the sliding bearing member and protrudes from the outside of the housing, and has an opening that is away from the side of the sliding bearing member. An annular gap is defined between the outer circumferences of the main shafts, and the front end member includes an air passage, and the air passage is defined to communicate with the annular gap only between the outer circumference of the main shaft and the outer circumference of the main shaft. An annular passage, and only pressurized air is sprayed from the annular passage toward the annular space, the spindle device further having an exhaust passage that faces the outer side of the housing between the sliding bearing member and the partition wall open. 如請求項1之主軸裝置，其中在比前述空氣通道更遠離前述滑動軸承構件之側構成有氣封。 A spindle device according to claim 1, wherein a gas seal is formed on a side farther from the aforementioned sliding bearing member than the aforementioned air passage. 如請求項1或2之主軸裝置，其中將前述滑動軸承構件與面對該滑動軸承構件之前述隔壁之側之間劃定有朝徑向外側擴張之擴張室。 A spindle device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an expansion chamber that expands outward in the radial direction is defined between the sliding bearing member and a side of the partition wall facing the sliding bearing member. 如請求項1或2之主軸裝置，其中在前述滑動軸承構件之遠離前述隔壁之端部側安裝有擋油環，前述擋油環縮小 前述殼體內周與前述主軸外周之間之間隙，且前述擋油環是在前述殼體內周及前述主軸外周其中一者以相對於另一者為非接觸狀態被進行安裝，並且前述主軸裝置具有潤滑油供給通道，前述潤滑油供給通道供給比前述擋油環還靠前述滑動軸承構件之側之潤滑油。 The spindle device of claim 1 or 2, wherein an oil retaining ring is attached to an end portion of the sliding bearing member remote from the partition wall, and the oil retaining ring is shrunk a gap between the inner circumference of the housing and the outer circumference of the spindle, and the slinger is mounted on one of the inner circumference of the housing and the outer circumference of the spindle in a non-contact state with respect to the other, and the spindle device has The lubricating oil supply passage, the lubricating oil supply passage supplies a lubricating oil that is closer to the side of the sliding bearing member than the oil retaining ring. 如請求項3之主軸裝置，其中在前述滑動軸承構件之遠離前述隔壁之端部側安裝有擋油環，前述擋油環縮小前述殼體內周與前述主軸外周之間之間隙，且前述擋油環是在前述殼體內周及前述主軸外周其中一者以相對於另一者為非接觸狀態被進行安裝，並且前述主軸裝置具有潤滑油供給通道，前述潤滑油供給通道供給比前述擋油環還靠前述滑動軸承構件之側之潤滑油。 The spindle device of claim 3, wherein an oil retaining ring is attached to an end portion of the sliding bearing member remote from the partition wall, the oil retaining ring narrowing a gap between an inner circumference of the housing and an outer circumference of the spindle, and the oil retaining The ring is mounted on the inner circumference of the casing and the outer circumference of the main shaft in a non-contact state with respect to the other, and the spindle device has a lubricating oil supply passage, and the lubricating oil supply passage is supplied more than the oil retaining ring. The lubricating oil on the side of the aforementioned sliding bearing member.
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