TWI632174B - Aniline oligomer derivative, charge transport coating and organic electroluminescent element - Google Patents
Aniline oligomer derivative, charge transport coating and organic electroluminescent element Download PDFInfo
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- TWI632174B TWI632174B TW104108460A TW104108460A TWI632174B TW I632174 B TWI632174 B TW I632174B TW 104108460 A TW104108460 A TW 104108460A TW 104108460 A TW104108460 A TW 104108460A TW I632174 B TWI632174 B TW I632174B
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- carbon atoms
- substituted
- atom
- naphthyl
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- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- -1 fluorobicycloalkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 258
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000004991 fluoroalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000005348 fluorocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004407 fluoroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 223
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004428 fluoroalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 21
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004215 2,4-difluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(F)C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004361 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004211 3,5-difluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(F)C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 143
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 52
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 14
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3] BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(phenyl)phosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDPNCTNYEDMQEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,1,1-triethoxy-2,3,3,4,4-pentafluorodecan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound FC(C(C(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)(C1=CC=CC=C1)F)(F)F)(CCCCCC)F XDPNCTNYEDMQEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYZZTJTXWRMMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1,1,1-trimethoxydecan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound FC(C(C(C(OC)(OC)OC)(C1=CC=CC=C1)F)(F)F)(CCCCCC)F ZYZZTJTXWRMMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTMXCOHGKSXIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R)-1,3-Octanediol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)CCO DCTMXCOHGKSXIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQGPWNBGAYGUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecane Chemical compound FC(CCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC)(F)F DQGPWNBGAYGUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SSDWEGUXNCFQOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(10,10,10-triethoxydecyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(F)(F)F)(OCC)OCC SSDWEGUXNCFQOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- LPCWDYWZIWDTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 LPCWDYWZIWDTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXVMRHIWTSFDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl MXVMRHIWTSFDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PKURFTDCIWJBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(CCCCCC)=CC=C21 PKURFTDCIWJBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEQDVXUGVMZXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1,1-dimethoxyethyl)-1,1,1-trifluorododecane Chemical compound FC(CCC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC)(F)F VEQDVXUGVMZXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNPSQUCXOBDIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCC GNPSQUCXOBDIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUPJNQVNIZSKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(triethoxymethyl)henicosane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC NUPJNQVNIZSKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZIPRMPRBQSJVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)C)(=O)O.C(C)(=N)N Chemical compound C(C(=O)C)(=O)O.C(C)(=N)N ZIPRMPRBQSJVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 6 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptylcycloheptane Chemical group C1CCCCCC1C1CCCCCC1 ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctylcyclooctane Chemical group C1CCCCCCC1C1CCCCCCC1 NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylcyclopentane Chemical group C1CCCC1C1CCCC1 MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004786 difluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-O diphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[PH2+]C1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940117360 ethyl pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAVRRVJJYIFROR-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorocyclopropane Chemical compound FC1CC1 XAVRRVJJYIFROR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004785 fluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006343 heptafluoro propyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITIDSNKGTOBPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-phenyl-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound OP(S)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 ITIDSNKGTOBPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- YERGTYJYQCLVDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+);2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridine Chemical compound [Ir+3].C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 YERGTYJYQCLVDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylhexane Natural products CCCCCCC(C)C ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031993 lithium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UTLRZTUJSMCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(=O)CC([O-])=O UTLRZTUJSMCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- COLNWNFTWHPORY-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=C(C([O-])=O)N=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 COLNWNFTWHPORY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;benzoate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- BJMDYNHSWAKAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)sulfanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[S+](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BJMDYNHSWAKAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDHRQDYGUDOEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2-trimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CN(C)C GDHRQDYGUDOEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPJRZWDWVBNDIW-MBALSZOMSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[(e)-2-[4-[4-[(e)-2-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]ethenyl]phenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]aniline Chemical group C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1/C=C/C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1\C=C\C(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YPJRZWDWVBNDIW-MBALSZOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVAWJXOBZYWQNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(diaminomethylidene)benzamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NC(=N)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 TVAWJXOBZYWQNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- REJGOFYVRVIODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound P.Cl REJGOFYVRVIODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentafluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)(F)F OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RKCAIXNGYQCCAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N porphin Chemical compound N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 RKCAIXNGYQCCAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XDLNRRRJZOJTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiohypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClS XDLNRRRJZOJTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZRQAIBMAFLMIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(thiophen-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CS1 ZRQAIBMAFLMIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
- C07C237/28—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C237/40—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C233/77—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
- C07C233/80—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
- C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/02—Polyamines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/348—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising osmium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/621—Aromatic anhydride or imide compounds, e.g. perylene tetra-carboxylic dianhydride or perylene tetracarboxylic di-imide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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Abstract
提供式(1)所表示的苯胺寡聚體衍生物、包含該苯胺寡聚體衍生物的電荷輸送性塗料、及有機EL元件,
(式中,R1表示氫原子或可經取代的烷基;R2~R10分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、或可經取代的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基或雜芳基;A表示為:可經取代的氟烷基、氟環烷基、氟雙環烷基、氟烯基或氟炔基;可經取代的氟芳基;取代苯基;可經取代的氟芳烷基;或取代芳烷基;n1表示1~20之整數)。
Description
本發明為關於苯胺寡聚體衍生物、電荷輸送性塗料及有機電致發光(EL)元件。
有機EL元件中,作為發光層或電荷注入層為使用由有機化合物所成的電荷輸送性薄膜。特別是電洞注入層,擔任陽極與電洞輸送層或發光層之電荷之授受,對於用以達成有機EL元件的低電壓驅動及高輝度而言扮演重要之機能。
電洞注入層之形成方法,大致可分為以蒸鍍法為代表的乾式製程,與以旋轉塗布法為代表的濕式製程,將該等各製程相比時,濕式製程之方面能有效率地製造大面積平坦性高的薄膜。因而,現今隨著有機EL顯示器的大面積化之進展,期望能以濕式製程來形成電洞注入層。
有鑑於如此般之情事,本發明人已開發一電荷輸送性材料、或使用於其的對於有機溶劑的溶解性為良
好的化合物,其係能適用於各種濕式製程之同時,可賦予適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層時實現優異EL元件特性的薄膜(參考例如專利文獻1~4)。
〔專利文獻1〕國際公開第2008/032616號
〔專利文獻2〕國際公開第2008/129947號
〔專利文獻3〕國際公開第2006/025342號
〔專利文獻4〕國際公開第2010/058777號
本發明亦與至今已開發的前述專利文獻之技術為相同地以提供一新穎苯胺寡聚體衍生物、包含該苯胺寡聚體衍生物的電荷輸送性塗料、及有機EL元件為目的,其係對於有機溶劑為顯示良好溶解性之同時,使其薄膜化並適用於電洞注入層時,可實現具有優異電氣特性的有機EL元件。
於至今的開發中,當作為電荷輸送性物質為使用不包含氟原子的化合物時,因一併使用的摻雜劑而有使特性降低之情形。本發明人為了解決此問題,經深入研
究之結果發現,特定的含氟苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於有機溶劑為顯示高溶解性,同時將其與任意的摻雜劑一併溶解於有機溶劑中,由所調製的塗料所得到的薄膜具有高電荷輸送性,將該薄膜適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,可實現優異的電氣特性,因而完成本發明。
即,本發明為提出下述苯胺寡聚體衍生物、電荷輸送性塗料及有機EL元件。
<1>.一種苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其係式(1)所表示,
(式中,R1表示氫原子、或可經Z所取代的碳數1~20之烷基,Z表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、可經Z’所取代的碳數6~20之芳基或可經Z’所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z’表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基或羧酸基;R2~R10分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、或可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基;A表示為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20
之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基;可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基;經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之芳基;可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之氟烷氧基、碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代的碳數7~20之氟芳烷基;或經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數7~20之芳烷基;n1表示1~20之整數)。
<2>.如前述<1>之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,A為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數1~20之氟烷基;可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基;或
經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之芳基。
<3>.如前述<2>之苯胺衍生物,其中,A為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的經3個以上的氟原子所取代的苯基;或經碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的苯基。
<4>.如前述<1>~<3>中任一項之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,R1為氫原子。
<5>.如前述<1>~<4>中任一項之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,R2~R10為氫原子。
<6>.如前述<1>~<5>中任一項之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,n1為2~10。
<7>.一種電荷輸送性物質,其係由前述<1>~<6>中任一項之苯胺寡聚體衍生物所成。
<8>.一種電荷輸送性塗料,其係包含前述<7>之電荷輸送性物質及有機溶劑。
<9>.如前述<8>之電荷輸送性塗料,其中,進而包含摻雜劑。
<10>.一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用前述<8>或<9>之電荷輸送性塗料而製作。
<11>.一種電子裝置,其係具有前述<10>之電荷輸送性薄膜。
<12>.一種有機電致發光元件,其係具有前述<10>之電荷輸送性薄膜。
<13>.一種前述<1>之苯胺寡聚體衍生物之製造方法,其特徵係使式(2)所表示的胺化合物與式(3)所表示的含氟醯鹵化物反應,
(式中,R1~R10、A及n1為與前述相同,X表示鹵素原子)。
由於本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物為包含氟原子,故於分子內產生極性,藉此提升對於有機溶劑之溶解性。因而,將其與摻雜劑一併溶解於有機溶劑,可容易調製電荷輸送性塗料。
由本發明的電荷輸送性塗料所製作的薄膜,由於包含前述苯胺寡聚體衍生物,故不論摻雜劑之種類為何,皆顯示出高電荷輸送性。因而,可適合使用作為以有機EL元
件為首的電子裝置用薄膜。特以,藉由將此薄膜適用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層,可得到輝度特性為優異的有機EL元件。
又,即使是使用旋轉塗布法或隙縫塗布法等可成膜為大面積的各種濕式製程,本發明的電荷輸送性塗料亦可再現性良好地製造電荷輸送性為優異的薄膜,因而亦可充分對應於近年有機EL元件領域之進展。
本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其係式(1)所表示。
式中,R1表示氫原子、或可經Z所取代的碳數1~20之烷基。Z表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、可經Z’所取代的碳數6~20之芳基或可經Z’所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z’表示鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基或羧酸基。
R2~R10分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、或可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~20之烷基、碳
數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
作為鹵素原子,舉例如:氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。
碳數1~20之烷基,可為直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之任一者,作為該具體例,舉例如:甲基、乙基、n-丙基、異丙基、n-丁基、異丁基、s-丁基、t-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基、n-壬基、n-癸基等之碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分支狀烷基;環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、雙環丁基、雙環戊基、雙環己基、雙環庚基、雙環辛基、雙環壬基、雙環癸基等之碳數3~20之環狀烷基。
碳數2~20之烯基,可為直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之任一者,作為該具體例,舉例如:乙烯基、n-1-丙烯基、n-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、n-1-丁烯基、n-2-丁烯基、n-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、n-1-戊烯基、n-1-癸烯基、n-1-二十烯基等。
碳數2~20之炔基,可為直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之任一者,作為該具體例,舉例如:乙炔基、n-1-丙炔基、n-2-丙炔基、n-1-丁炔基、n-2-丁炔基、n-3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、n-1-戊炔基、n-2-戊炔基、n-3-戊炔基、n-4-戊炔基、1-甲基-n-丁炔基、2-甲基-n-丁炔基、3-甲基-n-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-n-丙炔基、n-1-己炔基、n-1-
癸炔基、n-1-十五炔基、n-1-二十炔基等。
作為碳數6~20之芳基之具體例,舉例如:苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基、9-菲基等。
作為碳數2~20之雜芳基之具體例,舉例如:2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-異噁唑基、4-異噁唑基、5-異噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、3-異噻唑基、4-異噻唑基、5-異噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基等。
此等之中,考量苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於有機溶劑之溶解性時,作為R1,以氫原子、或可經Z所取代的碳數1~10之烷基為較佳,以氫原子、或可經Z所取代的碳數1~4之烷基為又較佳,以氫原子為最適合。尚,複數個R1可分別為相同或相異。
當R1為氫原子之情形,與芳基磺酸、雜多酸等之質子酸等之摻雜劑一併使用時,特別可實現優異的電荷輸送性。
又,此等之中,考量苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於有機溶劑之溶解性時,作為R2~R10,以氫原子、鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、或可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~10之烷基為較佳,以氫原子、鹵素原子、或可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~4之烷基為又較佳,考量苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於有機溶劑之溶解性、與電荷輸送性之平衡性時,以氫原子
為最適合。尚,複數個R2~R5可分別為相同或相異。
式(1)中,A表示為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基;可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基;經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之芳基;可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之氟烷氧基、碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代的碳數7~20之氟芳烷基;或經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數7~20之芳烷基。
前述氟烷基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的直鏈狀或分支狀之烷基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、1,2-二氟乙基、1,1-二氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、1,1,2-三氟乙基、1,2,2-三氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙
基、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基、1,2,2,2-四氟乙基、1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基、1-氟丙基、2-氟丙基、3-氟丙基、1,1-二氟丙基、1,2-二氟丙基、1,3-二氟丙基、2,2-二氟丙基、2,3-二氟丙基、3,3-二氟丙基、1,1,2-三氟丙基、1,1,3-三氟丙基、1,2,3-三氟丙基、1,3,3-三氟丙基、2,2,3-三氟丙基、2,3,3-三氟丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、1,1,2,2-四氟丙基、1,1,2,3-四氟丙基、1,2,2,3-四氟丙基、1,3,3,3-四氟丙基、2,2,3,3-四氟丙基、2,3,3,3-四氟丙基、1,1,2,2,3-五氟丙基、1,2,2,3,3-五氟丙基、1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙基、1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、七氟丙基等。
前述氟環烷基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的環烷基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:1-氟環丙基、2-氟環丙基、2,2-二氟環丙基、2,2,3,3-四氟環丙基、五氟環丙基、2,2-二氟環丁基、2,2,3,3-四氟環丁基、2,2,3,3,4,4-六氟環丁基、七氟環丁基、1-氟環戊基、3-氟環戊基、3,3-二氟環戊基、3,3,4,4-四氟環戊基、九氟環戊基、1-氟環己基、2-氟環己基、4-氟環己基、4,4-二氟環己基、2,2,3,3-四氟環己基、2,3,4,5,6-五氟環己基、十一氟環己基等。
前述氟雙環烷基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的雙環烷基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:3-氟雙環[1.1.0]丁烷-1-基、2,2,4,4-四氟雙環[1.1.0]丁烷-1-基、五氟雙環[1.1.0]丁烷-1-基、3-氟雙環[1.1.1]戊烷-1-基、2,2,4,4,5-五氟雙環[1.1.1]戊烷-1-
基、2,2,4,4,5,5-六氟雙環[1.1.1]戊烷-1-基、5-氟雙環[3.1.0]己烷-6-基、6-氟雙環[3.1.0]己烷-6-基、6,6-二氟雙環[3.1.0]己烷-2-基、2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-八氟雙環[2.2.0]己烷-1-基、1-氟雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2-基、3-氟雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2-基、4-氟雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-1-基、5-氟雙環[3.1.1]庚烷-1-基、1,3,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-十氟雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2-基、十一氟雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2-基、3-氟雙環[2.2.2]辛烷-1-基、4-氟雙環[2.2.2]辛烷-1-基等。
前述氟烯基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的烯基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:1-氟乙烯基、2-氟乙烯基、1,2-二氟乙烯基、1,2,2-三氟乙烯基、2,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯基、3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯基、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯基、五氟-1-丙烯基、1-氟-2-丙烯基、1,1-二氟-2-丙烯基、2,3-二氟-2-丙烯基、3,3-二氟-2-丙烯基、2,3,3-三氟-2-丙烯基、1,2,3,3-四氟-2-丙烯基、五氟-2-丙烯基等。
前述氟炔基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的炔基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:氟乙炔基、3-氟-1-丙炔基、3,3-二氟-1-丙炔基、3,3,3-三氟-1-丙炔基、1-氟-2-丙炔基、1,1-二氟-2-丙炔基等。
前述氟芳基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的芳基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:2-氟苯基、3-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、2,3-二氟苯基、2,4-
二氟苯基、2,5-二氟苯基、2,6-二氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、2,3,4-三氟苯基、2,3,5-三氟苯基、2,3,6-三氟苯基、2,4,5-三氟苯基、2,4,6-三氟苯基、3,4,5-三氟苯基、2,3,4,5-四氟苯基、2,3,4,6-四氟苯基、2,3,5,6-四氟苯基、五氟苯基、2-氟-1-萘基、3-氟-1-萘基、4-氟-1-萘基、6-氟-1-萘基、7-氟-1-萘基、8-氟-1-萘基、4,5-二氟-1-萘基、5,7-二氟-1-萘基、5,8-二氟-1-萘基、5,6,7,8-四氟-1-萘基、七氟-1-萘基、1-氟-2-萘基、5-氟-2-萘基、6-氟-2-萘基、7-氟-2-萘基、5,7-二氟-2-萘基、七氟-2-萘基等。
考量苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於有機溶劑之溶解性、苯胺寡聚體衍生物之電荷輸送性、苯胺寡聚體衍生物之原料之易取得性等之平衡性時,作為前述氟芳基,以可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的經3個以上的氟原子所取代的苯基為較佳。
作為前述氟烷氧基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的烷氧基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、1-氟乙氧基、2-氟乙氧基、1,2-二氟乙氧基、1,1-二氟乙氧基、2,2-二氟乙氧基、1,1,2-三氟乙氧基、1,2,2-三氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基、1,2,2,2-四氟乙氧基、1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙氧基、1-氟丙氧基、2-氟丙氧基、3-氟丙氧基、1,1-二氟丙氧基、1,2-二氟丙氧基、1,3-二氟丙氧基、2,2-二氟丙氧基、2,3-二氟丙氧基、3,3-二氟丙氧
基、1,1,2-三氟丙氧基、1,1,3-三氟丙氧基、1,2,3-三氟丙氧基、1,3,3-三氟丙氧基、2,2,3-三氟丙氧基、2,3,3-三氟丙氧基、3,3,3-三氟丙氧基、1,1,2,2-四氟丙氧基、1,1,2,3-四氟丙氧基、1,2,2,3-四氟丙氧基、1,3,3,3-四氟丙氧基、2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基、2,3,3,3-四氟丙氧基、1,1,2,2,3-五氟丙氧基、1,2,2,3,3-五氟丙氧基、1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙氧基、1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙氧基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙氧基、七氟丙氧基等。
作為前述經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之芳基(以下,亦有簡稱為「經取代的芳基」之情形),只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代的芳基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:2-(三氟甲基)苯基、3-(三氟甲基)苯基、4-(三氟甲基)苯基、4-乙氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基、3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氟-3-三氟甲基苯基、4-氟-2-三氟甲基苯基、2-氟-5-(三氟甲基)苯基、3-氟-5-(三氟甲基)苯基、3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基、2,4,6-三(三氟甲基)苯基、4-(五氟乙基)苯基、4-(3,3,3-三氟丙基)苯基、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-三氟甲基苯基、4-(全氟乙烯基)苯基、4-(全氟丙烯基)苯基、4-(全
氟丁烯基)苯基等。
考量苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於有機溶劑之溶解性、苯胺寡聚體衍生物之電荷輸送性、苯胺寡聚體衍生物之原料之易取得性等之平衡性時,作為前述經取代的芳基,以經碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的苯基(以下,亦有簡稱為「經取代的苯基」之情形)為較佳,以經1~3個的三氟甲基所取代的苯基為又較佳,以p-三氟甲基苯基為更佳。
作為前述氟芳烷基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經氟原子所取代的芳烷基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:2-氟苄基、3-氟苄基、4-氟苄基、2,3-二氟苄基、2,4-二氟苄基、2,5-二氟苄基、2,6-二氟苄基、3,4-二氟苄基、3,5-二氟苄基、2,3,4-三氟苄基、2,3,5-三氟苄基、2,3,6-三氟苄基、2,4,5-三氟苄基、2,4,6-三氟苄基、2,3,4,5-四氟苄基、2,3,4,6-四氟苄基、2,3,5,6-四氟苄基、2,3,4,5,6-五氟苄基等。
作為前述經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數7~20之芳烷基,只要是碳原子上的至少1個氫原子為經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷
基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代的芳烷基即可,未特別限定,可舉例如:2-三氟甲基苄基、3-三氟甲基苄基、4-三氟甲基苄基、2,4-二(三氟甲基)苄基、2,5-二(三氟甲基)苄基、2,6-二(三氟甲基)苄基、3,5-二(三氟甲基)苄基、2,4,6-三(三氟甲基)苄基等。
此等之中又以,A為前述可經取代的碳數1~20之氟烷基、前述可經取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基或前述經取代的芳基為較佳;前述可經取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基或前述經取代的芳基為又較佳;前述可經取代的氟苯基或前述經取代的苯基為更佳;前述可經取代的三氟苯基、前述可經取代的四氟苯基、前述可經取代的五氟苯基或經1~3個的三氟甲基所取代的苯基為又更佳。
以下,舉例作為A為合適之基之具體例,但並不限定於該等。
又,式(1)中、n1為1~20之整數,但以苯胺寡聚體衍生物之對於溶劑之溶解性之點而言,較佳為10以下,又較佳為8以下,更佳為5以下,又更佳為4
以下;又,以提高苯胺寡聚體衍生物之電荷輸送性之點而言,較佳為2以上,又較佳為3以上;考量溶解性與電荷輸送性之平衡性時,以3為最適合。
本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其係可使式(2)所表示的胺化合物與式(3)所表示的含氟醯鹵化物反應而合成。
作為式(2)所表示的胺化合物,可舉例如下述式所表示者,但並不限定於該等。
作為式(3)所表示的含氟醯鹵化物,可舉例如:2-氟苯甲醯氯、3-氟苯甲醯氯、4-氟苯甲醯氯、2-氟-4-甲基苯甲醯氯、2-氟-5-甲基苯甲醯氯、3-氟-4-甲基苯甲醯氯、3-氟-6-甲基苯甲醯氯、4-氟-2-甲基苯甲醯氯、4-氟-3-甲基苯甲醯氯、2,3-二氟苯甲醯氯、2,4-二氟苯甲醯氯、2,5-二氟苯甲醯氯、2,6-二氟苯甲醯氯、3,4-二氟苯甲醯氯、3,5-二氟苯甲醯氯、3-氯-2-氟苯甲醯氯、4-氯-2-氟苯甲醯氯、5-氯-2-氟苯甲醯氯、2-氯-6-氟苯甲醯氯、2-氯-3-氟苯甲醯氯、2-氯-4-氟苯甲醯氯、2-氯-5-氟苯甲醯氯、3-氯-4-氟苯甲醯氯、3-氯-5-氟苯甲醯氯、3-溴-2-氟苯甲醯氯、4-溴-2-氟苯甲醯氯、5-溴-2-氟苯甲醯氯、2-溴-6-氟苯甲醯氯、2-溴-3-氟苯甲醯氯、2-溴-4-氟苯甲醯氯、2-溴-5-氟苯甲醯氯、3-溴-4-氟苯甲醯氯、3-溴-5-氟苯甲醯氯、2-氟-5-碘苯甲醯氯、2-氟-6-碘苯甲醯氯、2-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、2-氟-5-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、3-氟-4-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、3-氟-5-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、3-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、4-氟-2-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、
4-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、2-氟-4-硝基苯甲醯氯、2-氟-5-硝基苯甲醯氯、3-氟-2-硝基苯甲醯氯、3-氟-4-硝基苯甲醯氯、3-氟-6-硝基苯甲醯氯、4-氟-2-硝基苯甲醯氯、4-氟-3-硝基苯甲醯氯、4-氰基-2-氟苯甲醯氯、3-氰基-5-氟苯甲醯氯、2,3,4-三氟苯甲醯氯、2,3,5-三氟苯甲醯氯、2,3,6-三氟苯甲醯氯、2,4,5-三氟苯甲醯氯、2,4,6-三氟苯甲醯氯、3,4,5-三氟苯甲醯氯、4-氯-2,4-二氟苯甲醯氯、2,4-二氯-5-氟-4-硝基苯甲醯氯、2,4,5-三氟-3-甲基-6-硝基苯甲醯氯、2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲醯氯、2,3,5,6-四氟苯甲醯氯、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-甲基-苯甲醯氯、2,3,4,5-四氟-6-硝基苯甲醯氯、2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯甲醯氯、2-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、3-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、4-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、3-三氟甲基-4-乙氧基苯甲醯氯、3,5-雙(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、2,4,6-參(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、4-(五氟乙基)苯甲醯氯、4-(3-四氟丙基)苯甲醯氯、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(三氟乙烯基)苯甲醯氯、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-(五氟烯丙基)苯甲醯氯等,但並不限定於該等。
反應溶劑,以非質子性極性有機溶劑為較佳,可舉例如:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲基亞碸、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等。就反應後的反應溶劑的易除去性之觀點而言,以N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等為合適。
反應溫度,通常可使用自-50℃至所使用的溶劑之沸點之溫度,以0~140℃的範圍為較佳。反應時間通常為0.1~100小時。
反應結束後依據常法來進行後處理,可得到作為目的之苯胺寡聚體衍生物。
尚,式(3)所表示的含氟醯鹵化物,藉由將對應的含氟羧酸、與例如亞硫醯氯或草醯氯、氯化磷醯、硫醯氯、三氯化磷、五氯化磷等的親電子性鹵素化劑反應,而可得到。
又,對應的含氟羧酸可使用市售品,亦可利用周知方法(例如,日本特開平9-67303號公報、日本特開平9-67304號公報、日本特開2002-284733號公報等所記載之方法)來進行合成。
以下,列舉式(1)所表示的苯胺寡聚體衍生物之具體例,但並不限定於該等。尚,表的「R1~R10」、「A」及「n1」,係表示有關各行中所示各化合物之式(1)中之規定,例如式(E1)所表示的化合物及式(E138)所表示的化合物,分別如同下述。
本發明的電荷輸送性塗料,其係包含前述苯胺寡聚體衍生物及有機溶劑。
作為調製電荷輸送性塗料之際所使用的有機溶劑,可使用能良好溶解電荷輸送性物質及摻雜劑的高溶解性溶劑。
作為如此般的高溶解性溶劑,可舉例如:環己酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基異丁醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮等之有機溶劑,但並不限定於該等。此等溶劑可單獨使用1種,或混合2種以上使用,該使用量,可設為使用於塗料的全溶劑中的5~100質量%。
尚,電荷輸送性物質及摻雜劑,較佳為皆能完全溶解於前述溶劑中,或可成為均勻分散之狀態,以能完全溶解為又較佳。
又,本發明中,可使塗料中含有於25℃時具有10~200mPa‧s(特以35~150mPa‧s)之黏度,且常壓(大氣壓)下沸點為50~300℃(特以150~250℃)的至少1種的高黏度有機溶劑。藉由添加如此的溶劑,塗料之黏度調整將變得容易,塗料之調製可成為能因應所使用的塗布方法而再現性良好地賦予平坦性為高的薄膜。
作為高黏度有機溶劑,可舉例如:環己醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等,但並不限定於該等。
相對於使用於本發明的塗料的全體溶劑,該高黏度有機溶劑之添加比例以固體不會析出之範圍內為較佳,只要固體為不會析出,該添加比例較佳為5~90質量%。
更,為了提升對於基板之濕潤性、溶劑之表面張力之調整、極性之調整、沸點之調整等之目的,相對於使用於塗料的全體溶劑,亦可以1~90質量%(較佳為1~50質量%)之比例來混合其他溶劑。
作為如此般的溶劑,可舉例如:丙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二丙酮醇、γ-丁內酯、乳酸乙酯、n-乙酸己酯等,但並不限定於該等。此等溶劑可單獨使用1種,或混合2種以上使用。
本發明的塗料之黏度,可因應製作的薄膜之厚度等或固形分濃度而予以適當設定,但通常在25℃為1~50mPa‧s。又,本發明中的電荷輸送性塗料之固形分濃度,係考量塗料之黏度及表面張力等、或製作的薄膜之厚
度等而予以適當設定,但通常為0.1~10.0質量%左右,就考量提升塗料之塗布性時,較佳為0.5~5.0質量%左右,又較佳為1.0~3.0質量%左右。尚,所謂的固形分,係指將有機溶劑從塗料之成分中予以除去後所得者。
本發明的電荷輸送性塗料,因應所得到的薄膜之用途,以提升該電荷輸送能等為目的,亦可包含摻雜劑。作為摻雜劑,只要是可溶解於塗料中使用之至少1種溶劑中者,未特別限定,可使用無機系摻雜劑、有機系摻雜劑之任一者。
使用摻雜劑時,相對於苯胺寡聚體衍生物,摻雜劑之調配量以物質量比(mol比)較佳為0.0001~1,又較佳為0.001~0.5,更佳為0.01~0.2。
作為無機系摻雜劑,可舉例如:氯化氫、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等之無機酸;氯化鋁(III)(AlCl3)、四氯化鈦(IV)(TiCl4)、三溴化硼(BBr3)、三氟化硼醚錯合物(BF3‧OEt2)、氯化鐵(III)(FeCl3)、氯化銅(II)(CuCl2)、五氯化銻(V)(SbCl5)、五氟化銻(V)(SbF5)、五氟化砷(V)(AsF5)、五氟化磷(PF5)、參(4-溴苯基)鋁六氯銻酸鹽(TBPAH)等之金屬鹵素化物;Cl2、Br2、I2、ICl、ICl3、IBr、IF4等之鹵素;磷鉬酸、磷鎢酸等之雜多酸等。
作為有機系摻雜劑,可舉例如:苯磺酸、對
甲苯磺酸、p-苯乙烯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-羥基苯磺酸、5-磺柳酸、p-月桂基苯磺酸、二己基苯磺酸、2,5-二己基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、6,7-二丁基-2-萘磺酸、月桂基萘磺酸、3-月桂基-2-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、4-己基-1-萘磺酸、辛基萘磺酸、2-辛基-1-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、7-己基-1-萘磺酸、6-己基-2-萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4-萘磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4,5-萘二磺酸、國際公開第2005/000832號中所記載的1,4-苯并二噁烷二磺酸化合物、國際公開第2006/025342號中所記載的芳基磺酸化合物、國際公開第2009/096352號中所記載的芳基磺酸化合物、聚苯乙烯磺酸等之芳基碸化合物等。該等無機系及有機系之摻雜劑,可單獨使用1種,亦可組合2種以上使用。
又,作為摻雜劑,亦可適合使用式(4)所表示的芳基磺酸化合物。
式(4)所表示的芳基磺酸化合物,係使式
(5)所表示的胺化合物與式(6)所表示的醯鹵化物反應,而得到式(4’)所表示的芳基磺酸鹽,將該鹽藉由進行離子交換處理而可得到。
作為式(5)所表示的胺化合物,可舉例如:苯胺-2,4-二磺酸二鈉、苯胺-2,5-二磺酸二鈉、8-胺基-萘基-1,5-二磺酸二鈉、2-胺基-萘基-1,5-二磺酸二鈉、2-胺基-萘基-3,6-二磺酸二鈉、7-胺基萘基-1,5-二磺酸二鈉、7-胺基萘基-2,4-二磺酸二鈉、7-胺基萘基-1,3-二磺酸二鈉等,但並不限定於該等。尚,式(5)所表示的胺化合物亦可使用水合物。
作為式(6)所表示的醯鹵化物,可舉例如:苯甲醯氯、苯甲醯溴等。
反應溶劑,以非質子性極性有機溶劑為較佳,可舉例如:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲基亞碸、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等。就反應後的反應溶劑的易除去性之觀點而言,以N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等為合適。
反應溫度,通常可使用自-50℃至所使用的溶劑之沸點之溫度,以0~140℃的範圍為較佳。反應時間通常為0.1~100小時。
反應結束後,藉由過濾、反應溶劑之餾除等來回收式(4’)所表示的芳基磺酸鹽,之後,例如藉由以陽離子交換樹脂來將磺酸鹽予以質子化,而可製造式(1)所表示的芳基磺酸化合物。
尚,式(6)所表示的含氟醯鹵化物,藉由將對應的羧酸、與例如亞硫醯氯或草醯氯、氯化磷醯、硫醯氯、三氯化磷、五氯化磷等的親電子性鹵素化劑反應,而可得到。
作為摻雜劑,特以在與本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物一併使用時可對於有機溶劑顯示出良好的溶解性,以芳基磺酸化合物及雜多酸為較佳。
以下,舉例合適的摻雜劑之具體例,但並不限定於該等。
本發明的電荷輸送性塗料,亦可包含有機矽烷化合物。作為有機矽烷化合物之具體例,可列舉二烷氧基矽烷化合物、三烷氧基矽烷化合物及四烷氧基矽烷化合物。該等可單獨使用1種,亦可組合2種以上使用。藉由包含有機矽烷化合物,在將所得到的電荷輸送性薄膜使用作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,可期待該薄膜之電洞注入能之提升等。
尤以,作為有機矽烷化合物,以二烷氧基矽烷化合物或三烷氧基矽烷化合物為較佳,以三烷氧基矽烷化合物為又較佳。
作為該等烷氧基矽烷化合物,可列舉例如式(7)~(9)所示者。
SiR’2(OR)2 (7)
SiR’(OR)3 (8)
Si(OR)4 (9)
式中,R分別獨立表示可經Z101所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z101所取代的碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z101所取代的碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z102所取代的碳數6~20之芳基或可經Z102所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基。
R’分別獨立表示可經Z103所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z103所取代的碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z103所取代的碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z104所取代的碳數6~20之芳基或可經Z104所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z101表示為鹵素原子、可經Z105所取代的碳數6~20之芳基或可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z102表示為鹵素原子、可經Z105所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之烯基或可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之炔基。
Z103表示為鹵素原子、可經Z105所取代的碳數6~20之芳基、可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基、環氧環己基、縮水甘油氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基(-NHCONH2)、硫醇基、異氰酸酯基(-NCO)、胺基、-NHY101基、或-NY102Y103基。
Z104表示為鹵素原子、可經Z105所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之炔基、環氧環己基、縮水甘油氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基(-NHCONH2)、
硫醇基、異氰酸酯基(-NCO)、胺基、-NHY101基、或-NY102Y103基。
Y101~Y103分別獨立表示可經Z105所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z105所取代的碳數6~20之芳基或可經Z105所取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z105表示為鹵素原子、胺基、硝基、氰基或硫醇基。
式(7)~(9)中,作為鹵素原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基及碳數2~20之雜芳基,可列舉與上述為相同者。
R及R’中,烷基、烯基及炔基之碳數,較佳為10以下,又較佳為6以下,更佳為4以下。又,芳基及雜芳基之碳數,較佳為14以下,又較佳為10以下,更佳為6以下。
作為R,較佳為可經Z101所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z101所取代的碳數2~20之烯基或可經Z102所取代的碳數6~20之芳基;又較佳為可經Z101所取代的碳數1~6之烷基、可經Z101所取代的碳數2~6之烯基或可經Z102所取代的苯基;更佳為可經Z101所取代的碳數1~4之烷基或可經Z102所取代的苯基;又更佳為可經Z101所取代的甲基或乙基。
又,作為R’,較佳為可經Z103所取代的碳數
1~20之烷基或可經Z104所取代的碳數6~20之芳基;又較佳為可經Z103所取代的碳數1~10之烷基或可經Z104所取代的碳數6~14之芳基;更佳為可經Z103所取代的碳數1~6之烷基或可經Z104所取代的碳數6~10之芳基;又更佳為可經Z103所取代的碳數1~4之烷基或可經Z104所取代的苯基。
尚,複數個R可全部為相同亦可為相異;複數個R’亦可全部為相同或相異。
作為Z101,較佳為鹵素原子、或可經Z105所取代的碳數6~20之芳基;又較佳為氟原子、或可經Z105所取代的苯基;以不存在(即,非取代)為最適合。
又,作為Z102,較佳為鹵素原子、或可經Z105所取代的碳數6~20之烷基;又較佳為氟原子、或可經Z105所取代的碳數1~10之烷基;以不存在(即,非取代)為最適合。
另一方面,作為Z103,較佳為鹵素原子、可經Z105所取代的苯基、可經Z105所取代的呋喃基、環氧環己基、縮水甘油氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基、硫醇基、異氰酸酯基、胺基、可經Z105所取代的苯基胺基或可經Z104所取代的二苯基胺基;又較佳為鹵素原子;更佳為氟原子或不存在(即,非取代)。
又,作為Z104,較佳為鹵素原子、可經Z105所取代的碳數1~20之烷基、環氧環己基、縮水甘油氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基、硫醇基、異氰
酸酯基、胺基、可經Z105所取代的苯基胺基或可經Z105所取代的二苯基胺基;又較佳為鹵素原子;更佳為氟原子或不存在(即,非取代)。
然後,作為Z105較佳為鹵素原子;又較佳為氟原子或不存在(即,非取代)。
以下為舉例可在本發明使用的有機矽烷化合物之具體例,但並不限定於此等。
作為二烷氧基矽烷化合物之具體例,舉例如:二甲基二甲氧基矽烷、二甲基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基丙基二甲氧基矽烷、甲基丙基二乙氧基矽烷、二異丙基二甲氧基矽烷、苯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、N-(2-胺基乙基)胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷等。
作為三烷氧基矽烷化合物之具體例,舉例如:甲基三甲氧基矽烷、甲基三乙氧基矽烷、乙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙基三乙氧基矽烷、丙基三甲氧基矽烷、丙基三乙氧基矽烷、丁基三甲氧基矽烷、丁基三乙氧基矽烷、戊基三甲氧基矽烷、戊基三乙氧基矽烷、庚基三甲氧基矽
烷、庚基三乙氧基矽烷、辛基三甲氧基矽烷、辛基三乙氧基矽烷、月桂基三甲氧基矽烷、月桂基三乙氧基矽烷、十六基三甲氧基矽烷、十六基三乙氧基矽烷、十八基三甲氧基矽烷、十八基三乙氧基矽烷、苯基三甲氧基矽烷、苯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)矽烷、月桂基三乙氧基矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷、(三乙氧基矽烷基)環己烷、全氟辛基乙基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基氟矽烷、十三氟-1,1,2,2-四氫辛基三乙氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三甲氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基矽烷、3-(七氟異丙氧基)丙基三乙氧基矽烷、十七氟-1,1,2,2-四氫癸基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基-2-噻吩基矽烷、3-(三乙氧基矽烷基)呋喃等。
作為四烷氧基矽烷化合物之具體例,舉例如:四甲氧基矽烷、四乙氧基矽烷、四丙氧基矽烷等。
此等之中又以3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、三乙氧基(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷、全氟辛基乙基三乙氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三甲氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基矽烷等為較佳。
若本發明的電荷輸送性塗料含有有機矽烷化合物時,相對於電荷輸送性物質(包含摻雜劑時為電荷輸
送性物質及摻雜劑之總質量)之總質量,有機矽烷化合物之含有量通常為0.1~50質量%左右,但考量抑制所得到的薄膜的電荷輸送性之降低,且能提高對於電洞輸送層或發光層等位於與陽極為相反側並以相接於電洞注入層之方式所層合之層之電洞注入能時,較佳為0.5~40質量%左右,又較佳為0.8~30質量%左右,更佳為1~20質量%左右。
尚,本發明的電荷輸送性塗料中,在不損及本發明效果之範圍內,亦可包含前述苯胺寡聚體衍生物以外的其他周知的電荷輸送性物質。
作為電荷輸送性塗料之調製法未特別限定,可列舉例如:將本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物溶解於高溶解性溶劑中,再對此添加高黏度有機溶劑之方法;或,將高黏度性溶劑與高黏度有機溶劑混合,再對此使本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物溶解之方法。
本發明中,電荷輸送性塗料,以再現性良好地得到平坦性為更高的薄膜之觀點而言,在將電荷輸送性物質、摻雜劑等溶解於有機溶劑中後,以使用亞微米級的過濾器等來進行過濾為宜。
藉由將本發明的電荷輸送性塗料塗布至基材上並燒成,可使電荷輸送性薄膜形成於基材上。
作為塗料之塗布方法未特別限定,可列舉:浸漬法、旋轉塗布法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷塗法、噴
墨法、噴霧法、隙縫塗布法等,但並不限定於該等。較佳為因應塗布方法來調節塗料之黏度及表面張力。
又,使用本發明的塗料時,燒成環境亦未特別限定,不僅是大氣環境,即使是在氮等之惰性氣體或真空中,亦可得到具有均勻成膜面及電荷輸送性的薄膜,但考量再現性良好地得到高電荷輸送性薄膜時,以大氣環境為較佳。
燒成溫度,考量所得到的薄膜之用途、賦予所得到的薄膜之電荷輸送性之程度等,係以在100~260℃左右之範圍內予以適當設定者,但將所得到的薄膜作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層使用時,以140~250℃左右為較佳,以145~240℃左右為又較佳。
又,燒成時間可因應燒成溫度而予以變化,故未一致性規定,但通常為1分鐘~1小時左右。
尚,燒成之際,就使展現出更高的均勻成膜性,或使反應在基材上進行為目的下,亦可設以二階段以上的溫度變化。加熱可使用例如加熱板或烘箱等適當的機器來進行即可。
電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚未特別限定,當在有機EL元件內使用作為電洞注入層時,以5~200nm為較佳。作為使膜厚變化之方法,如使塗料中的固形分濃度變化之方法、或使塗布時基板上的溶液量變化之方法等。
本發明的電荷輸送性薄膜,在有機EL元件中,可適合使用作為電洞注入層,亦可使用作為電洞注入
輸送層等之電荷輸送性機能層。
本發明的有機EL元件,其係具有一對的電極,並於該等電極之間具有前述本發明的電荷輸送性薄膜。
作為有機EL元件之代表性構成,可舉例如下述(a)~(f),但並不限定於該等。尚,下述構成中,因應所需,亦可於發光層與陽極之間設置電子阻擋層等、於發光層與陰極之間設置電洞(hole)阻擋層等。又,電洞注入層、電洞輸送層或電洞注入輸送層可兼具作為電子阻擋層等之機能,電子注入層、電子輸送層或電子注入輸送層可兼具作為電洞(hole)阻擋層等之機能。
(a)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(b)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(c)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(d)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(e)陽極/電洞注入層/電洞輸送層/發光層/陰極
(f)陽極/電洞注入輸送層/發光層/陰極
所謂的「電洞注入層」、「電洞輸送層」及「電洞注入輸送層」,係形成於發光層與陽極之間之層,
且具有將電洞從陽極輸送至發光層之機能。於發光層與陽極之間僅設置1層的電洞輸送性材料之層時,其為「電洞注入輸送層」;於發光層與陽極之間設置2層以上的電洞輸送性材料之層時,接近於陽極之層為「電洞注入層」,其以外之層為「電洞輸送層」。特以,電洞注入層及電洞注入輸送層為使用不僅只從陽極之電洞接受性為優異,對電洞輸送層及對發光層之電洞注入性之分別亦為優異之薄膜。
所謂的「電子注入層」、「電子輸送層」及「電子注入輸送層」,係形成於發光層與陰極之間之層,且具有將電子從陰極輸送至發光層之機能。於發光層與陰極之間僅設置1層的電子輸送性材料之層時,其為「電子注入輸送層」;於發光層與陰極之間設置2層以上的電子輸送性材料之層時,接近於陰極之層為「電子注入層」,其以外之層為「電子輸送層」。
所謂的「發光層」,係具有發光機能之有機層,且在採用摻雜系統時,包含主體材料與摻雜劑材料。此時,主體材料主要係促進電子與電洞之再結合,且具有將激子封閉於發光層內之機能,摻雜劑材料係具有使再結合所得之激子有效率地發光之機能。燐光元件時,主體材料主要具有將以摻雜劑所生成的激子封閉於發光層內之機能。
本發明的電荷輸送性薄膜,在有機EL元件中可適合使用作為電洞注入層、電洞輸送層、電洞注入輸送
層,可更適合使用作為電洞注入層。
使用本發明的電荷輸送性塗料來製作有機EL元件時,作為使用材料或製作方法,可舉例如下述者,但不限定於此等。
使用的電極基板,以預先進行由洗劑、醇、純水等之液體洗淨使其淨化為佳,例如,陽極基板係以在使用前施行UV臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等之表面處理為佳。但,當陽極材料為以有機物作為主成分時,亦可不施行表面處理。
由本發明的電荷輸送性塗料所得之薄膜為電洞注入層時,本發明的有機EL元件之製作方法之一例,係如同下述。
藉由上述之方法,於陽極基板上塗布本發明的電荷輸送性塗料並燒成,而在電極上製作電洞注入層。於此電洞注入層上,依序設置電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層,因應使用的材料之特性等,可使用蒸鍍法或塗布法(濕式製程)之任一者來形成。
作為陽極材料,可舉出以銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)所代表之透明電極,或由以鋁所代表之金屬或該等之合金等所構成之金屬陽極,以施加有平坦化處理者為佳。亦可使用具有高電荷輸送性之聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
尚,作為構成金屬陽極的其他金屬,可舉出
鈧、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鎵、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、鎘、銦、鈧、鑭、鈰、鐠、釹、鉕、釤、銪、釓、鋱、鏑、鈥、鉺、銩、鐿、鉿、鉈、鎢、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鈦、鉛、鉍或該等之合金等,但並不限定於此等。
作為形成電洞輸送層之材料,舉例如:(三苯基胺)二聚物衍生物、[(三苯基胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N’-雙(萘基-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N’-雙(萘基-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、N,N’-雙(萘基-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-芴、N,N’-雙(萘基-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-芴、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-芴、N,N’-雙(萘基-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-芴、N,N’-雙(萘基-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯胺、2,2’,7,7’-肆(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-聯苯-4-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-芴、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-萘基-2-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-芴、9,9-雙[4-(N-萘基-1-基-N-苯基胺基)-苯基]-9H-芴、2,2’,7,7’-肆[N-萘基(苯基)-胺基]-9,9-旋環雙芴、N,N’-雙(菲-9-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、2,2’-雙[N,N-雙(聯苯-4-基)胺基]-9,9-旋環雙芴、2,2’-雙(N,N-二苯基胺基)-
9,9-旋環雙芴、二-[4-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)-苯基]環己烷、2,2’,7,7’-四(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、N,N,N’,N’-四-萘基-2-基-聯苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3’-二甲基聯苯胺、N,N’-二(萘基)-N,N’-二(萘基-2-基)-聯苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(萘基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-二(萘基-2-基)-N,N’-二苯基聯苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(m-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘基-2,6-二胺、參(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2’-雙(3-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)苯基)聯苯、4,4’,4”-參[3-甲基苯基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4’,4”-參[1-萘基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(1-TNATA)等之三芳基胺類、5,5”-雙-{4-[雙(4-甲基苯基)胺基]苯基}-2,2’:5’,2”-三噻吩(BMA-3T)等之低聚物噻吩類等之電洞輸送性低分子材料等。
作為形成發光層之材料,舉例如:參(8-羥基喹啉)鋁(III)(Alq3)、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅(II)(Znq2)、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(p-苯基苯酚)鋁(III)(BAlq)、4,4’-雙(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)聯苯、9,10-二(萘基-2-基)蒽、2-t-丁基-9,10-二(萘基-2-基)蒽、2,7-雙[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-芴-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)芴、2-甲基-9,10-雙(萘基-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-旋環雙芴-2-基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、2,7-雙(9,9-旋環雙芴-2-基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-芴-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)芴、2,2’-二芘基-9,9-旋環雙芴、
1,3,5-參(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-雙[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-芴、2,2’-雙(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-旋環雙芴、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(聯苯-4-基)稠五苯、3,9-二(萘基-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘基-2-基)苝、參[4-(芘基)-苯基]胺、10,10’-二(聯苯-4-基)-9,9’-聯蒽、N,N’-二(萘基-1-基)-N,N’-二苯基-[1,1’:4’,1”:4”,1”’-四聯苯]-4,4”’-二胺、4,4’-二[10-(萘基-1-基)蒽-9-基]聯苯、二苯并{[f,f’]-4,4’,7,7’-四苯基}二茚并[1,2,3-cd:1’,2’,3’-lm]苝、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己烷基-9H-芴-2-基)芘、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-參(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4’,4”-參(咔唑-9-基)三苯基胺、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)聯苯(CBP)、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基芴、2,2’,7,7’-肆(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(p-甲苯基)芴、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]芴、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-旋環雙芴、1,4-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、1,3-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、雙(4-N,N-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基芴、4,4”-二(三苯基矽烷基)-p-聯三苯、4,4’-二(三苯基矽烷基)聯苯、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(三苯基矽烷基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-二三苯甲基-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-芴-9-基)-
9H-咔唑、2,6-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-芴-9-基)苯基)矽烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-芴-2-胺、3,5-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-旋環雙芴-2-基-二苯基-膦氧化物、9,9’-(5-(三苯基矽烷基)-1,3-伸苯基)雙(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-雙(二苯基磷醯基)-9-苯基-9H-芴-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(p-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-氮雜二苯并[cd,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-啡啉、2,2’-雙(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)聯苯、2,8-雙(二苯基磷醯基)二苯并[b,d]噻吩、雙(2-甲基苯基)二苯基矽烷、雙[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基矽烷、3,6-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9-(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷醯基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷醯基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-雙[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等。藉由將該等材料與發光性摻雜劑進行共蒸鍍,亦可形成發光層。
作為發光性摻雜劑,舉例如:3-(2-苯并噻唑基)-7-(二乙基胺基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氫-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯并噻唑基)喹嗪[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、喹吖酮、N,N’-二甲基-喹吖酮、參(2-苯基吡啶)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、參[2-(p-甲苯基)吡啶]銥(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-雙[N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、9,10-雙[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]
蒽、雙[2-(2-羥基苯基)苯并噻唑]鋅(II)、N10,N10,N10,N10-四(p-甲苯基)-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10,N10,N10-四苯基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10-二苯基-N10,N10-二萘基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、4,4’-雙(9-乙基-3-咔唑乙烯基)-1,1’-聯苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝、1,4-雙[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑)乙烯基]苯、4,4’-雙[4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)-4’-[(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]二苯乙烯基、雙[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶)]銥(III)、4,4’-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)肆(1-吡唑基)硼酸銥(III)、N,N’-雙(萘基-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-參(9,9-二甲基茀基)、2,7-雙{2-[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]-9,9-二甲基-芴-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-芴、N-(4-((E)-2-(6((E)-4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)萘基-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑-2-亞基-C,C2)、mer-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑-2-亞基-C,C2)、2,7-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-旋環雙芴、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯并[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)胺基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-雙(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘基-2-胺、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四氮唑)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-
(2-吡啶)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基亞膦酸乙酯)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)吡唑)(苄基二苯基亞膦酸乙酯)銥(III)、雙(1-(2,4-二氟苄基)-3-甲基苯并咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶)-1,2,4-***酯)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)吡唑)(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶酯)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶)(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-2-(2’-吡啶)吡咯酯)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶)-1,2,4-***酯)銥(III)、(Z)-6-三甲苯基-N-(6-三甲苯基喹啉-2(1H)-亞基)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲基胺基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-朱咯啶基-9-烯基-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基朱咯啶基-9-烯基)-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-t-丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基朱咯啶基-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-吡喃、參(二苯甲醯基甲烷)啡啉銪(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基稠四苯、雙(2-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、參(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)、雙(1-苯基異喹啉)(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、雙[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)-異喹啉](乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、雙[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)喹啉](乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、參[4,4’-二-t-丁基-(2,2’)-聯吡啶]釕(III)‧雙(六氟磷酸酯)、參(2-苯基喹啉)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)
(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、2,8-二-t-丁基-5,11-雙(4-t-丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基稠四苯、雙(2-苯基苯并噻唑)(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯并卟啉白金、鋨(II)雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶)-1,2,4-***酯)二苯基甲基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶)-1,2,4-***)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶)-1,2,4-***酯)二甲基苯基膦、雙[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉](乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、參[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉]銥(III)、參[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶酯)銥(III)、雙(2-(9,9-二乙基-芴-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]異吡唑根)(乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-苯并哌喃-2-酮鹽)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酮鹽)銥(III)、雙(苯基異喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酮鹽)銥(III)、銥(III)雙(4-苯基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-N,C2)乙醯丙酮酸鹽、(E)-2-(2-t-丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫-1H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(1-異喹啉基)吡唑)(甲基二苯基膦)釕、雙[(4-n-己基苯基)異喹啉](乙醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、白金(II)八乙基卟吩、雙(2-甲基二苯并[f,h]喹啉)(乙
醯丙酮酸鹽)銥(III)、參[(4-n-己基苯基)氧代喹啉]銥(III)等。
作為形成電子輸送層之材料,舉例如:8-羥基喹啉酸鹽-鋰、2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-石油醚甲苯基)-參(1-苯基-1-H-苯并咪唑)、2-(4-聯苯基)5-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉酸鹽)-4-(苯基酚根)鋁、1,3-雙[2-(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、6,6’-雙[5-(聯苯-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基]-2,2’-聯吡啶、3-(4-聯苯基)-4-苯基-5-t-丁基苯基-1,2,4-***、4-(萘基-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-***、2,9-雙(萘基-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、2,7-雙[2-(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]-9,9-二甲基芴、1,3-雙[2-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、參(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘基-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5f][1,10]啡啉、2-(萘基-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、苯基-二芘基膦氧化物、3,3’,5,5’-四[(m-吡啶)-吩-3-基]聯苯、1,3,5-參[(3-吡啶)-吩-3-基]苯、4,4’-雙(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)聯苯、1,3-雙[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、雙(10-羥基苯并[h]喹啉)鈹、二苯基雙(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)矽烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
作為形成電子注入層之材料,舉例如:氧化鋰(Li2O)、氧化鎂(MgO)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氟化
鋰(LiF)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鎂(MgF2)、氟化銫(CsF)、氟化鍶(SrF2)、三氧化鉬(MoO3)、鋁、鋰乙醯丙酮酸鹽(Li(acac))、乙酸鋰、苯甲酸鋰等。
作為陰極材料,舉例如:鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁-鋰合金、鋰、鈉、鉀、銫等。
又,由本發明的電荷輸送性塗料所得之薄膜為電洞注入層時,本發明的有機EL元件之製作方法之其他例,係如同下述。
在前述有機EL元件製作方法中,藉由依序形成電洞輸送層、發光層,來取代進行電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作,可製作具有藉由本發明的電荷輸送性塗料所形成的電荷輸送性薄膜的有機EL元件。具體而言,於陽極基板上塗布本發明的電荷輸送性塗料並藉由前述方法來製作電洞注入層,再於其上方依序形成電洞輸送層、發光層後,再蒸鍍陰極而製成有機EL元件。
作為所使用的陰極及陽極材料,可使用與前述為相同者,並可進行相同的洗淨處理、表面處理。
作為電洞輸送層及發光層之形成方法,舉例如在電洞輸送性高分子材料或發光性高分子材料、或該等中為添加有摻雜劑的材料之中添加溶劑,使其溶解或均勻分散,分別塗布至電洞注入層或電洞輸送層之上方後,藉由燒成來進行成膜之方法。
作為電洞輸送性高分子材料,舉例如:聚
[(9,9-二己基茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N’-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N’-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,1’-伸聯苯-4,4-二胺)]、聚[(9,9-雙{1’-戊烯-5’-基}茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N’-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、受聚倍半矽氧烷封端之聚[N,N’-雙(4-丁基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺]、聚[(9,9-貳二辛基茀基-2,7-二基)-co-(4,4’-(N-(p-丁基苯基))二苯胺)]等。
作為發光性高分子材料,舉例如:聚(9,9-二烷基芴)(PDAF)等之聚芴衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2’-乙基己氧基)-1,4-苯基乙烯)(MEH-PPV)等之聚苯基乙烯衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT)等之聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯基咔唑(PVCz)等。
作為溶劑,舉例如:甲苯、二甲苯、三氯甲烷等。作為溶解或均勻分散法,可舉出如攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等之方法。
作為塗布方法未特別限定者,可舉出如噴墨法、噴霧法、浸漬法、旋轉塗布法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷塗法等。尚且,塗布係以在氮、氬等之惰性氣體下進行為佳。
作為燒成方法,可舉出在惰性氣體下或真空中,以烤箱或加熱板進行加熱之方法。
由本發明的電荷輸送性塗料所得之薄膜為電洞注入輸送層時,本發明的有機EL元件之製作方法之一
例,係如同下述。
於陽極基板上形成電洞注入輸送層,再於此電洞注入輸送層上依序設置發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極。作為發光層、電子輸送層及電子注入層之形成方法及具體例,可舉例與前述為相同者。
作為陽極材料、形成發光層、發光性摻雜劑、電子輸送層及電子阻擋層之材料、陰極材料,可舉例與前述為相同者。
尚,在電極及前述各層間之任意之間,因應所需亦可設置電洞阻擋層、電子阻擋層等。例如,作為形成電子阻擋層之材料,舉例如參(苯基吡唑)銥等。
構成陽極與陰極、及形成於該等之間之層之材料,會依據是否為製造具備底部發射構造或頂部發射構造之元件而異,可考量該點而適當選擇材料。
通常而言,底部發射構造之元件為於基板側使用透明陽極,光由基板側被取出;相較於此,頂部發射構造之元件為使用由金屬所成的反射陽極,光由位於與基板為相反方向的透明電極(陰極)側被取出。因此,對於例如陽極材料而言分別為使用,於製造底部發射構造之元件之際為使用ITO等之透明陽極,於製造頂部發射構造之元件之際為使用Al/Nd等之反射陽極。
本發明的有機EL元件,為了防止特性惡化,因應所需亦可依循常法與捕水劑等一併進行密封。
以下,例舉實施例及比較例更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並不受到下述實施例所限定。尚且,使用之裝置係如同下述。
(1)1H-NMR測定:日本電子(股)製、JNM-ECP300 FT NMR SYSTEM
(2)基板洗淨:長州產業(股)製、基板洗淨裝置(減壓電漿方式)
(3)塗料之塗布:Mikasa(股)製、旋轉塗布機MS-A100
(4)膜厚測定:(股)小坂研究所製、微細形狀測量機Surfcorder ET-4000
(5)EL元件之製作:長州產業(股)製、多機能蒸鍍裝置系統C-E2L1G1-N
(6)EL元件之輝度等之測定:(有)Tech World製、I-V-L測定系統
(7)EL元件之壽命測定:(股)EHC製、有機EL輝壽命度評價系統PEL-105S
依據下述反應式來合成苯胺寡聚體衍生物1。
於燒瓶內置入四苯胺3.0g、2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲醯氯1.91g及N,N-二甲基乙醯胺60g後,將燒瓶內以氮取代並以室溫攪拌1小時。
攪拌結束後,添加5mol/L氫氧化鈉水溶液30mL,進而攪拌30分鐘。將乙酸乙酯及飽和食鹽水混合至反應液中直到pH成為7為止來進行分液處理(3回)。將所得到的有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥,接著,進行減壓濃縮。於此濃縮液中添加THF 15mL。將此溶液滴下至異丙醇210mL中,將所得到的漿料以室溫攪拌30分鐘。
最後,將漿料溶液過濾,並將所得到的過濾物乾燥而得到作為目的之苯胺寡聚體衍生物1(收量2.94g)。1H-NMR測定之結果如下所示。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ[ppm]:10.35(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.79-7.68(m,3H),7.49(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.15(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.01-6.90(m,12H),6.68(t,J=8.0Hz,1H)
依據下述反應式來合成苯胺寡聚體衍生物2。
於燒瓶內置入四苯胺1.83g、4-(三氟甲基)苯甲醯氯1.91g及N,N-二甲基乙醯胺18g後,將燒瓶內以氮取代並以室溫攪拌1小時。
攪拌結束後,添加5mol/L氫氧化鈉水溶液18mL,進而攪拌30分鐘。將乙酸乙酯及飽和食鹽水混合至反應液中直到pH成為7為止來進行分液處理(3回)。將所得到的有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥,接著,進行減壓濃縮。於此濃縮液中添加THF 9mL。將此溶液滴下至異丙醇128mL中,將所得到的漿料以室溫攪拌30分鐘。
最後,將漿料溶液過濾,並將所得到的過濾物乾燥而得到作為目的之苯胺寡聚體衍生物2(收量2.04g)。1H-NMR測定之結果如下所示。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ[ppm]:10.27(s,1H),8.14(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.90(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.80(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),7.68(s,1H),7.57
(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.15(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.01-6.90(m,3H),7.49(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.15(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.01-6.90(m,12H),6.68(t,J=7.2Hz,1H)
依據下述反應式來合成芳基磺酸1。
於已氮取代的燒瓶內置入6-胺基-1,3-萘二磺酸二鈉水合物(Sugai化學工業(股)製)10.0g、及N,N-二甲基乙醯胺60g,以50℃攪拌10分鐘。對此滴下苯甲醯氯(東京化成工業(股)製)4.32g後,以50℃加熱攪拌15分鐘。
攪拌結束後,將反應混合物放冷,以減壓下將溶劑餾除,將所得到的殘渣與甲醇40mL充分混合。
接著,將所得到的混合物過濾,將濾液緩慢地滴下至異丙醇及己烷之混合溶劑(體積比3:1)中,藉由過濾將析出的固體予以回收。將回收後的固體(濾物)以減壓
下充分乾燥,之後使溶解於純水20mL中,使該水溶液通過充填有陽離子交換樹脂DOWEX 650C(H type約100mL、餾出溶劑:水)的管柱,藉此進行陽離子交換、及雜質之去除。
最後,從該水溶液中餾除水,並將所得到的固體充分乾燥而得到作為目的之芳基磺酸1(收量10.9g)。1H-NMR測定之結果如下所示。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ[ppm]:10.52(S,1H),8.76(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.44(S,1H),8.16(S,1H),8.03(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),7.89(dd,J=9.6,2.0Hz,1H),7.64-7.55(m,3H)
將0.173g的苯胺寡聚體衍生物1、及0.195g的摻雜劑之芳基磺酸1,以在氮環境下使溶解於6g的1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮中。於所得到的溶液中添加9g的環己醇及3g的丙二醇並攪拌,來調製電荷輸送性塗料。
將0.218g的苯胺寡聚體衍生物1、及0.272g的摻雜劑之下述式所表示的芳基磺酸2,以在氮環境下使溶解於8g的1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮中。於所得到的溶液中添加12g的環己醇及4g的丙二醇並攪拌,來調製電荷輸送性
塗料。尚,芳基磺酸2為依據國際公開第2006/025342號所合成。
將0.089g的苯胺寡聚體衍生物1、及0.111g的芳基磺酸2,以在氮環境下使溶解於3.3g的1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮中。於所得到的溶液中添加4.9g的環己醇及1.6g的丙二醇並攪拌,對此進而再添加0.007g的3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷、及0.013g的苯基三甲氧基矽烷並攪拌,來調製電荷輸送性塗料。
使用旋轉塗布機將以實施例2-1所得到的塗料塗布至ITO基板後,以80℃乾燥5分鐘,進而在大氣環境下,以230℃燒成10分鐘,而在ITO基板上形成30nm的均勻薄膜。作為ITO基板,係使用於表面上銦錫氧化物(ITO)圖型化成膜厚150nm的25mm×25mm×0.7t的玻璃基板,且在使用前藉由O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W、30秒鐘)去除表面上之雜質。
接著,使用蒸鍍裝置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa),對於形成有薄膜之ITO基板依序層合α-NPD、Alq3、氟化鋰、及鋁之薄膜,而得到有機EL元件。此時,蒸鍍速率方面,關於α-NPD、Alq3及鋁為以0.2nm/秒、關於氟化鋰為以0.02nm/秒之條件來分別進行,分別使膜厚成為30nm、40nm、0.5nm及120nm。
尚,為了防止因空氣中之氧、水等之影響所造成的特性劣化,有機EL元件係在藉由密封基板密封後,評價該特性。密封係依據以下之順序施行。
在氧濃度2ppm以下、露點-85℃以下之氮環境中,在密封基板之間收納有機EL元件,並藉由接著材料((股)MORESCO製、MOISTURE CUT WB90US(P))貼合密封基板。此時,將捕水劑(Dynic(股)製HD-071010W-40)與有機EL元件一同地收納於密封基板內。對於已貼合的密封基板,照射UV光(波長365nm、照射量6,000mJ/cm2)後,在80℃下施行1小時退火處理而使接著材料硬化。
除了使用以實施例2-2~2-3所得到的塗料來取代以實施例2-1所得到的塗料以外,其他為與實施例3-1以相同之方法來製造有機EL元件。
對於該等元件,測定驅動電壓5V中的電流密度、輝度、電流效率、半衰期(初期輝度5,000cd/m2)。
結果如表4中所示。尚,各元件之發光面尺寸之面積為2mm×2mm。
如表4所示可得知般,藉由包含本發明的苯胺寡聚體衍生物作為電荷輸送性物質的電荷輸送性塗料,所得到的電荷輸送性薄膜為適合作為可實現高輝度有機EL元件的電洞注入層。又,如此般的元件的耐久性亦為優異。
Claims (14)
- 一種苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其係式(1)所表示,
- 如請求項1之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,A為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數1~20之氟烷基;可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基(惟不包括2,6-二氟苯基);或經碳數1~20之氟烷基、碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之芳基。
- 如請求項2之苯胺衍生物,其中,A為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的經3個以上的氟原子所取代的苯基;或經碳數3~20之氟環烷基、碳數4~20之氟雙環烷基、碳數2~20之氟烯基或碳數2~20之氟炔基所取代之同時,可經氰基、鹵素原子或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的苯基。
- 如請求項1~3中任一項之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,R1為氫原子。
- 如請求項1或2之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,前述可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的碳數6~20之氟芳基為:可經氰基、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、硝基、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數1~20之氟烷基或碳數1~20之氟烷氧基所取代的2-氟苯基、3-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、2,3-二氟苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、2,5-二氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、2,3,4-三氟苯基、2,3,5-三氟苯基、2,3,6-三氟苯基、2,4,5-三氟苯基、2,4,6-三氟苯基、3,4,5-三氟苯基、2,3,4,5-四氟苯基、2,3,4,6-四氟苯基、2,3,5,6-四氟苯基、五氟苯基、2-氟-1-萘基、3-氟-1-萘基、4-氟-1-萘基、6-氟-1-萘基、7-氟-1-萘基、8-氟-1-萘基、4,5-二氟-1-萘基、5,7-二氟-1-萘基、5,8-二氟-1-萘基、5,6,7,8-四氟-1- 萘基、七氟-1-萘基、1-氟-2-萘基、5-氟-2-萘基、6-氟-2-萘基、7-氟-2-萘基、5,7-二氟-2-萘基或七氟-2-萘基。
- 如請求項1之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,R2~R10為氫原子。
- 如請求項1之苯胺寡聚體衍生物,其中,n1為2~10。
- 一種電荷輸送性物質,其係由請求項1~7中任一項之苯胺寡聚體衍生物所成。
- 一種電荷輸送性塗料,其係包含請求項8之電荷輸送性物質及有機溶劑。
- 如請求項9之電荷輸送性塗料,其中,進而包含摻雜劑。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用請求項9或10之電荷輸送性塗料而製作。
- 一種電子裝置,其係具有請求項11之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其係具有請求項11之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種請求項1之苯胺寡聚體衍生物之製造方法,其特徵係使式(2)所表示的胺化合物與式(3)所表示的含氟醯鹵化物反應,
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