TWI627017B - 工作機械 - Google Patents

工作機械 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI627017B
TWI627017B TW105134091A TW105134091A TWI627017B TW I627017 B TWI627017 B TW I627017B TW 105134091 A TW105134091 A TW 105134091A TW 105134091 A TW105134091 A TW 105134091A TW I627017 B TWI627017 B TW I627017B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
tool
tool box
drive motor
pulse generator
aforementioned
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Application number
TW105134091A
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English (en)
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TW201811485A (zh
Inventor
Keisuke Tange
Kazumasa Nakayasu
Original Assignee
Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of TW201811485A publication Critical patent/TW201811485A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI627017B publication Critical patent/TWI627017B/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0078—Safety devices protecting the operator, e.g. against accident or noise
    • B23Q11/0085—Safety devices protecting the operator, e.g. against accident or noise by determining whether the machine tool is in a dangerous configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0825—Relatively slidable coverings, e.g. telescopic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0891—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards arranged between the working area and the operator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
    • B23Q3/15533—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor combined with manual tool transfers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/409—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using manual data input [MDI] or by using control panel, e.g. controlling functions with the panel; characterised by control panel details or by setting parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2705/00—Driving working spindles or feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q2705/10—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q2705/104—Feeding members carrying tools or work for milling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15722—Rotary discs or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/24—Pc safety
    • G05B2219/24122—Inhibit automatic control if in manual control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
    • G05B2219/34347—Execute auxiliary function, tool change, while concurrent machining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35459—Knob, handle, handwheel delivers pulses, electronic handwheel, digipot
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36162—Pendant control box
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36362—Tool change time as function of location in tool magazine, index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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    • G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36383—Manual input combined with input from computer or tape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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    • G05B2219/36389—Switch between input from internal manual thumbwheel and external input
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50272—Change spare, used tool during machining, minimize machining time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/11—Tool changing with safety means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/11—Tool changing with safety means
    • Y10T483/115—Guard
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/12—Tool changing with means to regulate operation by means of replaceable information supply [e.g., templet, tape, card, etc. ]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
    • Y10T483/1755—Plural tool holders pivotable about common axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/18—Tool transfer to or from matrix
    • Y10T483/1873—Indexing matrix
    • Y10T483/1882—Rotary disc

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本發明之工作機械，是具有可收納複數個工具之工具匣，並且使主軸與被加工物相對地移動，用保持於主軸之工具來加工被加工物的工作機械，其具備有：複數個進給軸，使工具與被加工物相對地移動；工具匣驅動馬達，驅動工具匣；及手動脈衝產生器，是對複數個進給軸或工具匣驅動馬達送出正或負之指令脈衝的手動脈衝產生器，且具備有選擇開關，該選擇開關可選擇複數個進給軸及前述工具匣驅動馬達中之任一者來作為指令脈衝之送出目的地。

Description

工作機械
發明領域 本發明是有關於一種具有工具匣的工作機械。
發明背景 在具有工具匣及工具更換裝置的工作機械中，在工作機械之主軸與工具匣間的工具更換是藉由來自於加工程式之指令而自動地進行。另一方面，工具的設置作業，亦即，對工具匣裝填工具則是由操作者進行的。由於工具匣通常是被收納而保護於殼體內，所以在操作者把工具裝填至工具匣時，設在殼體的開口部之門會開啟。為了確保操作者的安全，聯鎖機制會產生作用，當殼體之門開啟時使工具匣不會運作，以及當工具匣運作時則使殼體之門不會開啟(例如參照專利文獻1)。 先行技術文獻 專利文獻
[專利文獻1]日本發明公開公報特開2003－80427號
發明概要 發明欲解決之課題 操作者在例如要替換旋轉式工具匣的工具時，會使用工作機械之操作盤，在指定了裝接有要替換之工具的工具匣之夾持器的號碼之後，按下工具匣移動鈕。這麼一來，工具匣會收到來自於控制裝置的指令而旋轉移動至裝填位置。當工具匣的移動結束，則操作者會用手開啟殼體之門而替換工具匣的工具，然後為了解除聯鎖而把門關閉。當要替換的工具有複數根的時候，操作者就需要將前述之步驟重複工具的根數次。換言之，即使是要替換的工具有複數根的時候，也不能省略任一步驟或是整合執行任一步驟。因此，須追求特別是在一次要替換的工具根數較多時的工具設置作業之效率化。
又，至今在工作機械中為了根據加工程式而對各進給軸送出指令而有自動運轉模式。此外，為了用手動操作送出進給軸移動的指令，有以輕搖鈕送出移動之指令的輕搖進給模式、以及以手動脈衝產生器送出移動之指令的操縱(handle)進給模式。該等模式具排他性，操作者可選擇自動運轉模式、輕搖進給模式、操縱進給模式中之任一者而使用。操作者在工具匣室對對象夾持器遞出工具的作業，考慮到作業時間的效率，是與正在加工室側執行自動運轉模式之加工程式而將加工品進行加工的時候併行地進行的。因此，會準備別的開關以在自動運轉模式中使工具匣驅動馬達可旋轉至所需之裝填位置，且不會因為輕搖進給或操縱進給之指令而不驅動工具匣驅動馬達，好讓自動運轉模式不會中斷而停止加工。 用以解決課題之機構
本發明是有鑑於上述實情而做成的發明，目的在於提供一種可有效率地實施工具設置作業的工作機械。
為了達成上述的目的，根據本發明，提供一種工作機械，是具有可收納複數個工具之工具匣，並且使主軸與被加工物相對地移動，用保持於主軸之工具來加工被加工物的工作機械，其具備有：複數個進給軸，使工具與被加工物相對地移動；工具匣驅動馬達，驅動工具匣；手動脈衝產生器，是對前述複數個進給軸或工具匣驅動馬達送出正或負之指令脈衝的手動脈衝產生器，且具備有選擇開關，該選擇開關可選擇前述複數個進給軸及工具匣驅動馬達中之任一者來作為前述指令脈衝之送出目的地。 發明效果
根據本發明，可以用手動來實施工具匣的分度定位，結果，即使是有複數個須替換的工具時，操作者也不用重複開閉工具匣室門，可以連續地進行工具匣的複數次分度定位以及複數個工具的替換，因此可以高效率地進行工具設置作業。
較佳實施例之詳細說明 以下，參照圖1～圖4，說明本發明之實施形態的工作機械100。 工作機械100在本實施形態中是構成為5軸控制之立式綜合加工機，可以使主軸12與被加工物5相對地移動，以固定於主軸12的工具7來加工被加工物5。工作機械100具備有：工作機械本體10、控制裝置(未圖示)、旋轉式之工具匣20、工具更換裝置(未圖示)、收容上述裝置之殼體30、可旋動地安裝於殼體30之右端部且包含有前述控制裝置之至少一部分之構成的操作盤40、以及以纜線57連接於操作盤40的手動脈衝產生器50。
工作機械本體10除了保持住主軸12的主軸頭11、工作台13、旋轉工作台14外，還具有未圖示出的床台、柱。工作機械本體10具有：X軸、Y軸(未圖示)、及Z軸之3軸來作為直線進給軸、以及B軸及C軸來分別作為繞著Y軸及繞著Z軸的旋轉進給軸。另外，前述直線進給軸及旋轉進給軸，除了Y軸，其他均示意地顯示於圖2中。工作機械本體10具備有雖未圖示但與各軸相關的移動裝置，亦即：X軸移動裝置、Y軸移動裝置、Z軸移動裝置、B軸移動裝置、及C軸移動裝置。該等移動裝置具備有各自的驅動馬達(未圖示)，各驅動馬達通常是由控制裝置所控制。本實施形態之工作機械本體10，是由X軸移動裝置驅動柱，Y軸移動裝置驅動工作台13，Z軸移動裝置及B軸移動裝置驅動主軸頭11，以及由C軸移動裝置驅動旋轉工作台14。
殼體30是大致形成為直方體狀，且具有分隔出殼體30內設有加工部之區域與設有工具匣20之區域的分隔壁(未圖示)，結果，在殼體30形成有加工室31與工具匣室35。殼體30具有：將加工室31之正面側部分地開放的加工室開口部32、以及可開閉該加工室開口部32的滑動式之加工室門33。殼體30也具有：將工具匣室35之正面側全面地開放的工具匣室開口部36、以及可開閉該工具匣室開口部36的滑動式之工具匣室門37。加工室門33及工具匣室門37在加工時通常為關閉。
工具匣20具備有：將把持工具7之複數個夾持器21配列成圓環狀的旋轉體(未圖示)、以及使前述旋轉體繞著Z軸方向之旋轉軸線Az旋轉驅動的工具匣驅動馬達22。在工具匣20，規定有與工具更換裝置之間的工具傳遞位置(未圖示)、以及由操作者所進行之工具裝填位置Pm，藉由控制工具匣驅動馬達22，可以將特定之夾持器21及工具7配置在工具傳遞位置或工具裝填位置Pm，亦即可進行分度定位。另外，工具裝填位置Pm是配置在工具匣室35內的前側，使操作者容易接近(access)該處。又，工具匣20不僅是自動運轉，在本實施形態中，也可進行使用了手動脈衝產生器50的手動運轉。
上述之實施形態中的工具匣20，是使夾持器21沿著圓形之循環軌道移動，但也可為工具匣20是使夾持器21沿著非圓形之循環軌道而移動之形態的實施形態。
手動脈衝產生器50是設置成：藉由送出指令脈衝，也可因應需要而以手動來驅動通常是根據來自於控制裝置之指令而被驅動的X軸、Y軸、Z軸、B軸、及C軸移動裝置(未圖示)之各驅動馬達(未圖示)、以及工具匣驅動馬達22。因此，手動脈衝產生器50是構成為可送出指令脈衝，並具有：作為脈衝產生操作機構之在全周附有刻度的脈衝產生轉盤51、選擇指令脈衝之送出目的地的選擇開關52、倍率選擇開關53、緊急停止鈕54、電子電路基板(未圖示)，此外，在本實施形態中更具有：賦能開關55、收容前述電子電路基板並且安裝有前述開關類且可用單手握持的大小之外殼56、以及用以與操作盤40電性地連接的纜線57。
選擇開關52具有：手動脈衝產生器50之電源的ON／OFF機能、以及選擇指令脈衝之送出目的地之軸的機能。圖4之選擇開關52的轉盤周圍所顯示之「X、Y、Z、B、C」分別對應於X軸、Y軸、Z軸、B軸、及C軸，「T」則對應於工具匣20。因此，例如選擇了「X」，則指令脈衝會被送至X軸移動裝置所具有之X軸驅動馬達，若選擇了「T」，則指令脈衝會被送至工具匣驅動馬達22。
脈衝產生轉盤51是構成為：可以用手動來控制進給軸等之移動距離、進給軸等之移動方向、以及進給軸等之移動速度。進給軸等之移動距離，是由規定與轉盤周圍之刻度相對應的脈衝數來決定的。當倍率選擇開關53選擇了「×1」的時候，若使脈衝產生轉盤51移動1刻度，則會產生1脈衝。若倍率選擇開關53選擇了「×10」、「×100」或「×1000」，則會產生選擇了「×1」之時的10倍、100倍、或1000倍之數的脈衝。由選擇開關52所選擇的進給軸等之驅動馬達，當接受指令脈衝，則會旋轉因應了脈衝數之預定的角度。
關於進給軸等之移動方向，是藉由使脈衝產生轉盤51向右旋轉或向左旋轉，來決定在各進給軸等已定好的正或負向。
進給軸等之移動速度是因應脈衝產生轉盤51之旋轉速度而決定。不過，在選擇開關52選擇了「T」、亦即工具匣驅動馬達22的時候，工具匣20的周速度會限制在2m／分鐘以下。另外，前述2m／分鐘以下之周速度，是在工具匣室門37開啟的狀態下即使使工具匣20旋轉，操作者也可以安全地進行作業的夠慢的速度。
賦能開關55是形成為按鈕開關，僅在按下的期間，才會使脈衝產生轉盤51之操作為有效而許可送出脈衝。因此，在想要送出指令脈衝時，操作者必須一面按住賦能開關55，一面操作脈衝產生轉盤51。
本實施形態中之手動脈衝產生器50，是設計成如下之形態：適合以操作者的左手握持住，一面用左手的拇指按住賦能開關55，一面用右手使脈衝產生轉盤51旋轉。視情況也許也可以用右手握持住脈衝產生器50而一面以右手的無名指等按住賦能開關55，一面用左手使脈衝產生轉盤51旋轉。不過，在本實施形態中，賦能開關55與脈衝產生轉盤51，是不可能用單手同時進行操作地被配置在手動脈衝產生器50的外殼56。
接著，以下說明為了替換工具匣20的工具7，使用手動脈衝產生器50而以手動來操作工具匣20的手動操作順序之一例。
一開始，操作者把手動脈衝產生器50之選擇開關52從「OFF」切換成「T」而選擇工具匣驅動馬達22。藉此，控制裝置認知到工具匣驅動馬達22之手動控制開始。接著，操作者開啟工具匣室門37。然後，操作者手握手動脈衝產生器50，站在工具匣室35之前，確認把持住應替換之工具7的夾持器21(以下，稱為對象夾持器21)的位置，決定工具匣20之旋轉方向。接著，操作者為了使對象夾持器21移動至裝填位置Pm，一面用左手的手指按住賦能開關55、一面用右手的手指使脈衝產生轉盤51往右或左，旋轉至事先預定好的刻度。如此一來，工具匣驅動馬達22會因應來自於手動脈衝產生器50之指令脈衝數而往所指定之方向旋轉。如果以事先預定好的刻度、亦即脈衝數，無法使對象夾持器21到達裝填位置Pm，則更加旋轉脈衝產生轉盤51；相反地如果對象夾持器21超過了裝填位置Pm，則把脈衝產生轉盤51轉回來即可。然後，如果對象夾持器21已定位於裝填位置Pm，則操作者可把被把持於該處之工具7與事先準備好的更換用之工具7進行替換。
另外，在本實施形態之工作機械中，如圖3所示，工具匣室門37大幅地開啟。因此，裝填位置Pm的範圍很廣。操作者用手動脈衝產生器50使對象夾持器21移動至裝填位置Pm之時，並不需要微小的定位操作，操作者只要用目測使對象夾持器21移動至操作者的前方，對象夾持器即可位於裝填位置Pm，操作者可以輕易地替換工具7。
當應替換的工具7有複數個時，工具匣室門37維持開啟，從確認下個對象夾持器21之位置的步驟，重複上述之步驟即可。然後，在結束了替換完最後的工具7的階段關閉工具匣室門37，使手動脈衝產生器50之選擇開關52回到OFF，即完成工具7的替換。
在本實施形態之工作機械中，由於工具匣室門37大幅地開啟，所以操作者不用變更工具匣驅動馬達22的分度定位位置，而可靠近鄰接的複數個工具7。因此，當應替換之複數個工具7為鄰接工具時，只要使工具匣驅動馬達22旋轉一次而使對象夾持器21的位置移動至裝填位置Pm，即可同時替換鄰接的複數根工具7。
工具匣20的手動操作順序，在工作機械100根據來自於加工程式之指令而進行自動運轉的加工時也可執行。不過，在工具匣20的手動操作中，當根據加工程式而從控制裝置發出工具更換指令時，在本實施形態中，直到手動脈衝產生器50之選擇開關52對工具匣驅動馬達22之選擇解除為止，或者直到工具匣室門37關閉為止，不會許可前述工具更換指令之執行。
當執行中之加工程式已預定了下個工具更換指令時，無論是否已到達工具更換指令，皆進行復原動作。復原動作是在操作者關閉工具匣室門37並且使手動脈衝產生器50之選擇開關52為「T」以外之時，控制裝置認識到操作者之工具更換作業已結束，藉由自動運轉，驅動工具匣驅動馬達22，使作為在加工程式中接著要更換工具而被拿出來的工具7，分度定位至下個工具待機位置。下個工具待機位置指的是：在已到達執行中之加工程式的工具更換指令時，可迅速且有效率地達成歸還主軸12所使用中之工具的動作、以及將接著要使用之工具7把持於主軸的動作而進行待機的位置。
如至今所了解之情況，為了以手動來控制工作機械本體10之各進給軸，使用了手動脈衝產生器50。相對於此，在本實施形態中，對於旋轉式之工具匣20的分度定位也使用手動脈衝產生器50。藉此，即使應替換的工具7有複數個之時，操作者也不用重複開閉工具匣室門37，而可連續地進行複數個對象夾持器21的分度定位與複數個工具7的替換。
又，在本實施形態中，為了確保操作者的安全，在手動脈衝產生器50設有賦能開關55。由於藉由賦能開關55的效果，操作者必須用兩手來操作手動脈衝產生器50，所以在工具匣20的手動運作中，例如操作者要把單手伸進工具匣室35內是很困難的。此外，在本實施形態中，在工具匣20的手動運作中，即使是例如操作者以外的人的手進入了工具匣室35時，由於工具匣20的手動運作中的周速度被限制在2m／分鐘以下，所以不會產生安全上的問題。
前述之本實施形態的效果也特別提出對於至今所使用之現存的手動脈衝產生器50施加小改良即可得到的效果。前述小改良指的是：讓選擇開關52具有工具匣20之選擇機能，且設置有賦能開關55。
5…被加工物 7…工具 10…工作機械本體 11…主軸頭 12…主軸 13…工作台 14…旋轉工作台 20…工具匣 21…夾持器 22…工具匣驅動馬達 30…殼體 31…加工室 32…加工室開口部 33…加工室門 35…工具匣室 36…工具匣室開口部 37…工具匣室門 40…操作盤 50…手動脈衝產生器 51…脈衝產生轉盤 52…選擇開關 53…倍率選擇開關 54…緊急停止鈕 55…賦能開關 56…外殼 57…纜線 100…工作機械 Az…旋轉軸線 B、C、X、Z…軸 Pm…工具裝填位置
【圖1】本發明之實施形態的工作機械的正面圖。 【圖2】開啟了工作機械之加工室門的狀態的正面圖。 【圖3】開啟了工作機械之工具匣室門的狀態的正面圖。 【圖4】本發明之實施形態的工作機械之手動脈衝產生器的正面圖。

Claims (5)

  1. 一種工作機械，是如下之工作機械：具有可收納複數個工具之工具匣，並且使主軸與被加工物相對地移動，用保持於前述主軸之工具來加工前述被加工物，其特徵在於具備有：複數個進給軸，使前述工具與前述被加工物相對地移動；工具匣驅動馬達，驅動前述工具匣；及手動脈衝產生器，是具有對前述複數個進給軸或前述工具匣驅動馬達送出正或負之指令脈衝之脈衝產生轉盤的手動脈衝產生器，且具備有選擇開關，該選擇開關可選擇前述複數個進給軸及前述工具匣驅動馬達中之任一者來作為前述指令脈衝之送出目的地，在前述選擇開關選擇工具匣驅動馬達的情況下，使前述脈衝產生轉盤旋轉時，前述工具匣會旋轉。
  2. 如請求項1之工作機械，其中前述手動脈衝產生器具有賦能開關(enable switch)，僅在操作前述賦能開關的期間使前述脈衝產生轉盤的操作為有效而容許送出脈衝，且為了同時操作前述賦能開關與前述脈衝產生轉盤，在前述手動脈衝產生器中將前述賦能開關與前述脈衝產生轉盤配置成必須使用兩手來進行操作。
  3. 如請求項1或2之工作機械，當在該工作機械根據來自於加工程式之指令而進行自動運轉之加工中，藉由前述手動脈衝產生器所具備之前述選擇開關選擇了前述工具匣驅動馬達時，會繼續進行前述加工，另一方面，容許從該手動脈衝產生器對該工具匣驅動馬達送出指令脈衝。
  4. 如請求項1或2之工作機械，在前述手動脈衝產生器之前述選擇開關選擇了前述工具匣驅動馬達時，即使從加工程式發出工具更換指令，直到前述工具匣驅動馬達之選擇解除為止，不會許可前述工具更換指令之執行。
  5. 如請求項1或2之工作機械，其中該工作機械之殼體，形成有可收容該工具匣的工具匣室、以及使操作者可接近(access)前述工具匣室的開口部，並且，具備有可開閉前述開口部的工具匣室門，在前述工具匣室門開放之時，也容許根據來自於前述手動脈衝產生器之指令的前述工具匣驅動馬達之運作。
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