TWI597832B - 具有改進的相位偵測像素的bsi cmos影像感測器及其方法 - Google Patents

具有改進的相位偵測像素的bsi cmos影像感測器及其方法 Download PDF

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TWI597832B
TWI597832B TW105133113A TW105133113A TWI597832B TW I597832 B TWI597832 B TW I597832B TW 105133113 A TW105133113 A TW 105133113A TW 105133113 A TW105133113 A TW 105133113A TW I597832 B TWI597832 B TW I597832B
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image sensor
mask
cmos image
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劉家穎
進寶 彭
熊志偉
文森特 威尼斯
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豪威科技股份有限公司
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Description

具有改進的相位偵測像素的BSI CMOS影像感測器及其方法
本發明涉及影像感測器技術領域,尤其涉及一種具有改進的相位偵測像素的BSI CMOS影像感測器。
背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器上的相位偵測像素(PDP)對改進照相機中的聚焦是有用的。成對的像素被遮蓋,使得其僅偵測來自物鏡的一個或另一個邊緣的光。成對的互補PDP係設置於感測器上,以允許照相機確定在當前位置是如何異相接收光的,由此確定將影像聚焦於感測器上所需的透鏡聚焦調整。
當形成還包括埋藏式濾色器陣列(BCFA)的複合網格(金屬上的氧化物)層之金屬網格時,對於每個PDP,傳統的具有PDP的BSI CMOS影像感測器之製造係形成PDP遮罩。因此,PDP遮罩還被設置於複合網格內。
相比於帶有BCFA製造的BSI CMOS影像感測器,使用複合網格製造的BSI CMOS影像感測器可以獲得更高的量子效率(QE);然而,由於PDP遮罩上的附加氧化物,相位偵測能力會降低。
在一實施例中,背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器具有包括相位偵測像素(PDP)、由埋藏式濾色器陣列和複合金屬/氧化物網格形成的複合網格、和對應PDP的光電二極體植入物的像素陣列。PDP遮罩被與鄰近PDP的深槽隔離(DTI)結構同時地製造,並被設置為遮蓋光電二極體植入物的至少部分,使得PDP遮罩由與DTI結構相同的材料製造,並被設置於複合網格和光電二極體植入物之間。
在另一實施例中,一方法製造具有包括相位偵測像素(PDP)的像素陣列之類型的背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器。 用於PDP的PDP遮罩被與鄰近PDP的深槽隔離(DTI)結構連同地製造,並由相同的連續材料形成。PDP遮罩被完全地設置於(a)具有埋藏式濾色器陣列和複合金屬/氧化物網格的複合網格和(b)對應PDP的光電二極體植入物之間。
在另一實施例中,一方法改進背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器中的相位偵測像素(PDP)之相位偵測能力。PDP的PDP遮罩被與BSI CMOS影像感測器的深槽隔離結構同時地、使用相同的材料製造,使得PDP遮罩被設置於BSI CMOS影像感測器的複合網格和光電二極體植入物之間。PDP遮罩的設置提高PDP的量子效率(QE)和靈敏度。
100‧‧‧背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器
102‧‧‧像素
104‧‧‧右相位偵測像素(PDP)遮罩
106‧‧‧左相位偵測像素(PDP)遮罩
108、110‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)
202‧‧‧物鏡
204‧‧‧第一側
206‧‧‧第二側
300、400‧‧‧背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器
302、402‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)
303、403‧‧‧複合網格
304、404‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)遮罩
305‧‧‧光線
306、406‧‧‧紅色濾色器
308、408‧‧‧綠色濾色器
310、410‧‧‧藍色濾色器
312、412‧‧‧氧化物(或鑭系元素(LN))網格
314、414‧‧‧金屬網格
316(1)、316(2)、316(3)、416(1)、416(2)、416(3)‧‧‧N型光電二極體植入物
318、318(1)、318(2)、318(3)、318(4)‧‧‧深槽隔離(DTI)結構
319、419‧‧‧介電層
320(1)、320(2)、320(3)、320(4)、420(1)、420(2)、420(3)、420(4)‧‧‧淺槽隔離(STI)結構
322(1)、322(2)、322(3)、422(1)、422(2)、422(3)‧‧‧P+層
324(1)、324(2)、324(3)、424(1)、424(2)、424(3)‧‧‧多晶矽閘
326、426‧‧‧金屬1層
418、418(1)、418(2)、418(3)、418(4)‧‧‧(埋藏式鎢(W))深槽隔離(DTI)結構
500‧‧‧背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器
502‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)
503‧‧‧複合網格
504‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)遮罩
506‧‧‧紅色濾色器
508‧‧‧綠色濾色器
510‧‧‧藍色濾色器
512‧‧‧氧化物(或鑭系元素(LN))網格
514‧‧‧金屬網格
516、516(1)、516(2)、516(3)‧‧‧N型光電二極體植入物
518、518(1)、518(2)、518(3)、518(4)‧‧‧(埋藏式鎢(W))深槽隔離(DTI)結構
519‧‧‧介電層
520(1)、520(2)、520(3)、520(4)‧‧‧淺槽隔離(STI)結構
522(1)、522(2)、522(3)‧‧‧P+層
524(1)、524(2)、524(3)‧‧‧多晶矽閘
526‧‧‧金屬1層
600‧‧‧第一相位偵測像素(PDP)結構
601、701‧‧‧透鏡
604、704‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)遮罩
608、708‧‧‧綠色濾色器
612、712‧‧‧氧化物
614‧‧‧金屬網格
616、716‧‧‧光電二極體
700‧‧‧第二相位偵測像素(PDP)結構
800‧‧‧曲線圖
802、804、806‧‧‧線
圖1顯示出具有相位偵測像素(PDP)的背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器的像素模式。
圖2是顯示出圖1的PDP之示例性操作以偵測來自物鏡的不同側之光的示意圖。
圖3是顯示出先前技術的PDP之示例性結構的先前技術之BSI CMOS影像感測器的一部分之剖面。
圖4顯示出一實施例中將PDP遮罩與埋藏式鎢(W)DTI結構結合以改進像素量子效率和PDP靈敏度的一示例性BSI CMOS影像感測器。
圖5顯示出將PDP遮罩與埋藏式鎢(W)DTI結構結合使得PDP遮罩被設置於影像感測器的大體平坦的介電層內的一示例性BSI CMOS影像感測器。
圖6顯示出具有由氧化物、綠色濾光器和形成由氧化物覆蓋的PDP遮罩之金屬網格形成的複合網格之第一PDP結構。
圖7顯示出具有由氧化物、綠色濾光器和形成PDP遮罩的金屬網格形成之複合網格的第二PDP結構,其中綠色濾色器延伸至PDP遮罩上。
圖8是顯示出使用400nm-650nm的白光,來自圖6和7的PDP結構之每一者的模擬之相位偵測結果的曲線圖。
圖1顯示出具有多個像素102(每個具有濾色器和透鏡)的背照式(BSI,back side illuminated)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器100的像素模式,其中,兩個像素分別被配置有右相位偵測像素(PDP,phase detection pixel)遮罩104和左PDP遮罩106以操作為PDP 108和110。圖2是顯示出圖1的PDP 108之示例性操作以偵測來自物鏡202的第一側204的光和PDP 110的示例性操作以偵測來自物鏡202的第二側206的光之示意圖。相位偵測像素108、110可以被用於照相機內以透過對於正在被拍攝的目標之焦點偵測相位的差異,而改善自動聚焦。照相機調整焦點以對準來自PDP 108和110的經偵測相位。
圖3是顯示出先前技術的相位偵測像素(PDP)302之結構的先前技術之背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器300的一部分之剖面。BSI CMOS影像感測器300由包括埋藏式濾色器陣列(BCFA,buried color filter array)(顯示為紅色濾色器306、綠色濾色器308和藍色濾色器310)的複合網格303形成,BCFA與金屬網格314和相位偵測像素(PDP)遮罩304和氧化物(或鑭系元素(LN))網格312相結合。BSI CMOS影像感測器300亦顯示為具有N型光電二極體植入物316(1)-(3)、深槽隔離(DTI)結構318(1)-(4)、淺槽隔離(STI,shallow trench isolation)結構320(1)-(4)、多晶矽閘324(1)-(3)、介電層319、P+層322(1)-(3)以及金屬1層326。先前技術中,DTI結構318典型地由氧化物和/或無摻雜的多晶矽材料製造。
紅色濾色器306和藍色濾色器310是尺寸相似的。然而,由於PDP遮罩304,綠色濾色器更小。這引進一個問題,由光線305顯示出,其中氧化物(或LN)網格312干擾以特定的角度進入的光,並與綠色濾色器308的邊緣形成反射介面。以特定的其它角度進入的光還可以穿過濾色器之減小的厚度,減小顏色靈敏度。此外,由於PDP 302的綠色濾色器308小於BSI CMOS影像感測器300的其它綠色濾色器,故複合網格303的製造是複雜的。
圖4顯示出將PDP遮罩404與埋藏式鎢(W)DTI結構418(2)相結合以改進像素量子效率(QE,quantum efficiency)和PDP 402靈敏度的一示例性BSI CMOS影像感測器400。BSI CMOS影像感測器400相似於圖3的BSI CMOS影像感測器300,並由包括埋藏式濾色器陣列(BCFA)(顯示為紅色濾色器406、綠色濾色器408和藍色濾色器410)的複合網格403形成,BCFA與金屬網格414和氧化物(或LN)網格412相結合。BSI CMOS影像感測器400還被顯示出具有N型光電二極體植入物416(1)-(3)、深槽隔離(DTI)結構418(1)-(4)、淺槽隔離(STI)結構420(1)-(4)、多晶矽閘424(1)-(3)、 介電層419、P+層422(1)-(3)和金屬1層426。
在BSI CMOS影像感測器400中,由於PDP遮罩404沒有被包括在複合網格403內,且因此對於像素的光進入區域,不干擾與複合網格元件的側邊緣交互作用的光,從而像素量子效率(QE)和PDP靈敏度被提高。由於紅色濾色器406、綠色濾色器408和藍色濾色器410是相同的尺寸,與圖3的BSI CMOS影像感測器300相比較,BCFA的製造更簡單。
如圖4中所示,在BSI CMOS影像感測器400的製造期間,PDP遮罩404與DTI結構418同時地形成,使得DTI結構418(2)和PDP遮罩404是連續的。DTI結構418且因此PDP遮罩404可以由鎢(W)或其它金屬形成。先前技術中,在金屬網格314的製造期間發生PDP遮罩404的製造。
圖5顯示出相似於圖4的BSI CMOS影像感測器400的一示例性BSI CMOS影像感測器500,其將PDP遮罩504與埋藏式鎢(W)DTI結構518(2)相結合使得PDP遮罩504被設置於大體平坦的介電層519內。BSI CMOS影像感測器500相似於圖4的BSI CMOS影像感測器400,並由包括埋藏式濾色器陣列(BCFA)(顯示為紅色濾色器506、綠色濾色器508和藍色濾色器510)的複合網格503形成,BCFA與金屬網格514和氧化物(或LN)網格512相結合。BSI CMOS影像感測器500還被顯示出具有N型光電二極體植入物516(1)-(3)、深槽隔離(DTI)結構518(1)-(4)、淺槽隔離(STI)結構520(1)-(4)、多晶矽閘524(1)-(3)、介電層519、P+層522(1)-(3)和金屬1層526。
如圖5中所示,在BSI CMOS影像感測器500的製造期間,PDP遮罩504與DTI結構518同時地形成,使得DTI結構518(2)和PDP遮罩504是連續的。因此,DTI結構518及PDP遮罩504可以由鎢(W)或其它金屬形成。
在BSI CMOS影像感測器500中,由於PDP遮罩504完全形成於介電層519內,介電層519和N型光電二極體植入物516之間的邊界550是大體上平坦的,且介電層519和複合網格503之間的邊界552也是大體上平坦的,從而相比於圖4的BSI CMOS影像感測器400,像素量子效率(QE)和PDP靈敏度進一步被提高。
正如BSI CMOS影像感測器400,相比於圖3的先前技術之BSI CMOS影像感測器300,因為PDP遮罩504從複合網格503移除,且因此對於像素的光進入區域,不干擾與複合網格元件的側邊緣交互作用的光,因此BSI CMOS影像感測器500的像素量子效率(QE)和PDP靈敏度被提高。此外,由於所有的濾色器如紅色濾色器506、綠色濾色器508和藍色濾色器510是相同的尺寸,因此相比於先前技術的BSI CMOS影像感測器300的製造,BSI CMOS影像感測器500的製造係被簡化。
圖6顯示出具有由氧化物612、綠色濾色器608和形成被氧化物612覆蓋的PDP遮罩604之金屬網格614所形成的複合網格之第一相位偵測像素(PDP)結構600。此複合網格在透鏡601和光電二極體616之間。複合網格的製造要求氧化物層和金屬網格層被刻蝕有一個遮罩。因此,如圖6的第一PDP結構600中所示,氧化物612被形成於PDP遮罩604上。第一PDP結構600相似於圖3的先前技術之PDP 302,其中,相比於BSI CMOS影像感測器300的其它濾色器,綠色濾色器在尺寸上被減小。圖7顯示出具有由氧化物712、綠色濾色器708和形成PDP遮罩704的金屬網格所形成的複合網格之第二相位偵測像素(PDP)結構700,其中綠色濾色器708在PDP遮罩704上延伸光電二極體716的全寬,且在PDP遮罩704上沒有形成氧化物層。
圖8係顯示出使用400nm-650nm的白光,分別來自圖6和7的第一PDP結構600、第二PDP結構700的每一者之模擬的相位偵測結果的曲線圖800。
曲線圖800上,線802表示對於具有PDP遮罩的BCFA的回應水準。如曲線圖800中所示,對於線802的最大/中心的比為:0.575/0.427=1.34
其中,PD信號/正常G=0.31
其中,PD信號表示具有PDP遮罩的像素之信號水準,且正常G表示沒有 PDP遮罩且具有綠色濾色器的像素之信號水準。
曲線圖800上,線804表示對於圖6的第一PDP結構600(PDP遮罩上有複合物)的回應水準。如曲線圖800中所示,對於線804的最大/中心的比為0.628/0.547=1.14,其中,PD信號/正常G=0.38。
曲線圖800上,線806表示對於圖7的第二PDP結構700(PDP遮罩上無複合物)的回應水準。如曲線圖800中所示,對於線806的最大/中心 的比為0.61/0.44=1.38,其中,PD信號/正常G=0.31。
如圖所示,透過將PDP遮罩504與W填滿的DTI結構518(2)相結合使得複合網格503(具有金屬網格514和氧化物網格512和BCFA)不被PDP遮罩中斷,相比於圖3的先前技術之PDP 302,PDP 502具有更高的QE和靈敏度。
如圖8的曲線圖800中所示,比較“PDP遮罩上有複合物”線804和BCFA之線802,顯示出第一PDP結構600的相位偵測能力是弱的。透過移除金屬上的氧化物,如圖7的第二PDP結構700中所示(其中綠色濾色器708延伸至PDP遮罩704上),第二PDP結構700的相位偵測能力被提高回至1.36,如當“PDP遮罩上無複合物”線806與BCFA之線802相比較時所示出。
透過形成具有DTI結構518的PDP遮罩504,由於複合網格503被形成為具有單個遮罩,BSI CMOS影像感測器500的製造係被簡化,且相比於BSI CMOS影像感測器300的PDP 302(圖3),PDP 502的QE係被提高。
在不脫離本發明之範圍的情況下,可以對上述系統和方法做出改變。因此,應注意者為,在上述描述中包含的或在圖式中顯示的事項,應該被理解為說明性的且不具有限制性意義。所附申請專利範圍旨在涵蓋在此描述的所有通用和特定特徵以及本方法和本系統的範圍之所有聲明,前述本方法和本系統的範圍之所有聲明在文義上應被認為落入其間。
400‧‧‧背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器
402‧‧‧相位偵測像素(PDP)
403‧‧‧複合網格
404‧‧‧PDP遮罩
406‧‧‧紅色濾色器
408‧‧‧綠色濾色器
410‧‧‧藍色濾色器
412‧‧‧氧化物(或鑭系金屬(LN))網格
414‧‧‧金屬網格
416(1)、416(2)、416(3)‧‧‧N型光電二極體植入物
418、418(1)、418(2)、418(3)、418(4)‧‧‧(埋藏式鎢(W))深槽隔離(DTI)結構
419‧‧‧介電層
420(1)、420(2)、420(3)、420(4)‧‧‧淺槽隔離(STI)結構
422(1)、422(2)、422(3)‧‧‧P+層
424(1)、424(2)、424(3)‧‧‧多晶矽閘
426‧‧‧金屬1層

Claims (12)

  1. 一種背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器,具有包括一相位偵測像素(PDP)、由一埋藏式濾色器陣列和複合金屬/氧化物網格形成的一複合網格、和對應該PDP的一光電二極體植入物的一像素陣列,該BSI CMOS影像感測器包括:一PDP遮罩,與鄰近該PDP的深槽隔離(DTI)結構同時地被製造,並被設置為遮蓋該光電二極體植入物的至少部分;其中該PDP遮罩由與該DTI結構相同的材料製造,且被設置於該複合網格和該光電二極體植入物之間。
  2. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中該PDP遮罩和該DTI結構是連續的。
  3. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中相比於具有由複合網格的金屬網格形成之遮罩的相位偵測像素,該PDP的量子效率(QE)和靈敏度係被提高。
  4. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中對應該PDP的濾色器之尺寸係與對應其它像素的濾色器之尺寸大體上相同。
  5. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中該PDP遮罩被設置於形成在該複合網格和該光電二極體植入物之間的介電層內,使得形成在該介電層和該光電二極體植入物之間的邊界是大體上平坦的。
  6. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中該PDP遮罩被設置於形成在該複合網格和該光電二極體植入物之間的介電層內,使得形成在該介電層和該複合網格之間的邊界是大體上平坦的。
  7. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中該PDP遮罩和該DTI結構由金屬形成。
  8. 如請求項1所述之BSI CMOS影像感測器,其中該PDP遮罩和該DTI結構由鎢形成。
  9. 一種用於製造具有包括相位偵測像素(PDP)的像素陣列之類型的背照式(BSI) 互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器的方法,包括以下步驟:對於該PDP,與鄰近該PDP的深槽隔離(DTI)結構連同地製造PDP遮罩,該PDP遮罩和該DTI結構由相同的連續材料形成;其中該PDP遮罩被完全地設置於(a)具有埋藏式濾色器陣列和複合金屬/氧化物網格的複合網格和(b)對應該PDP的光電二極體植入物之間。
  10. 如請求項9所述之方法,該製造的步驟包括將該PDP遮罩和該DTI結構製造成連續的。
  11. 如請求項9所述之方法,還包括將該PDP遮罩製造為完全在該BSI CMOS影像感測器的介電層內。
  12. 一種用於改進背照式(BSI)互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測器中的相位偵測像素(PDP)的相位偵測能力的方法,包括以下步驟:與該BSI CMOS影像感測器的深槽隔離結構同時地、使用相同的材料製造該PDP的PDP遮罩,使得該PDP遮罩被設置於該BSI CMOS影像感測器的複合網格和光電二極體植入物之間;其中該PDP遮罩的設置改進該PDP的量子效率(QE)和靈敏度。
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