TWI575065B - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI575065B
TWI575065B TW102130927A TW102130927A TWI575065B TW I575065 B TWI575065 B TW I575065B TW 102130927 A TW102130927 A TW 102130927A TW 102130927 A TW102130927 A TW 102130927A TW I575065 B TWI575065 B TW I575065B
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Taiwan
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oil
lubricating oil
ester
lubricating
oil composition
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TW102130927A
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TW201414828A (zh
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Masanori Saito
Ken Sawada
Kuniko ADEGAWA
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Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Description

潤滑油組合物
本發明係關於一種於潤滑油基礎油中調配分子內具有環氧結構之酯之潤滑油組合物，尤其關於一種調配作為脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯及/或3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯之酯，捕捉伴隨潤滑油或冷凍機器之情形時的潤滑油與冷媒之混合流體之劣化而生成之酸性物質，藉此使穩定性大幅度提高的潤滑油組合物。
產業機械、車輛、冷凍機器等機械系統中具有各種軸承、活塞式缸(piston cylinder)、齒輪、驅動系統等各種滑動部，不間斷地反覆進行摩擦。若該等滑動部中產生潤滑不良，則潤滑系統、或包含潤滑系統之機械系統變得無法發揮出所需之作用。因此，滑動部中根據其使用環境、條件而使用各種潤滑油等作為潤滑劑。
對於該等潤滑油，就長期可靠性之觀點而言，要求較高之穩定性，但伴隨使用會產生熱、氧化劣化而生成酸性物質。所生成之酸性物質發揮出促進進一步之劣化即所謂之自觸媒(autocatalysis)之作用，故而可藉由儘早將酸性物質去除而使潤滑劑之穩定性大幅度提高。
又，於冷凍機器之領域中，自防止全球暖化之觀點考慮，存在自全球暖化係數(Global Warming Potential，GWP)較高之目前應用之氫氟碳(HFC)冷媒過渡至GWP為1/100以下之氫氟烯烴(HFO)冷媒之趨勢，業界正進行包含HFO之混合冷媒等廣泛之研究。
但是，由於該等HFO冷媒之GWP較低，即容易分解，故而若於 與冷凍循環中之潤滑油共存下發生分解，則會生成作為強酸之氫氟酸(HF)，可能成為促進冷媒及潤滑油之進一步之劣化、有時成為產生腐蝕磨耗而導致系統故障的原因。因此，藉由將氫氟酸或因潤滑油之劣化而生成之酸性物質有效地去除而提高冷媒與潤滑油之混合流體之穩定性為重大課題。
已知冰箱、汽車空調(car air conditioner)、房間空調(room air conditioner)等冷凍、空調系統中先前多使用二氯二氟甲烷(R12)或氫氯二氟甲烷(R22)作為冷媒，若將該等含有氯之冷媒與壓縮機之潤滑油混合，長時間使用而發生劣化，則會生成鹽酸，故而於壓縮機用潤滑油(冷凍機油)中添加將鹽酸捕捉至分子內之苯基縮水甘油醚或環氧烷化合物。
其後，謀求冷凍機油之穩定性之進一步提高，例如專利文獻1中揭示有一種冷凍機油，其含有分子內具有2個以上環氧基之縮水甘油醚化合物；專利文獻2中提出有一種潤滑油，其併用添加磷系添加劑與特定之環氧化合物；專利文獻3中提出有一種冷凍機油，其添加有磷酸三甲苯酯與包含縮水甘油醚之環氧或碳二醯亞胺。又，專利文獻4中揭示有一種冷凍機油，其以特殊之化學結構之脂環式多元羧酸酯化合物作為潤滑油基礎油，且含有選自由縮水甘油酯型環氧化合物及脂環式環氧化合物所組成群中之至少1種環氧化合物。
但是，該等穩定劑係以捕捉鹽酸或抑制作為潤滑油基礎油之酯之水解為目的者，作為生成作為強酸之氫氟酸之新穎之HFO冷媒用，效果不充分。又，對於近來之機器，為了小型輕量化、高效率化而多使用如塑膠之類的有機系材料，為了減少對該等之影響而謀求即便添加量較少效果亦較大之穩定劑。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
專利文獻1：日本專利特開平5-17792號公報
專利文獻2：日本專利特開平5-171174號公報
專利文獻3：日本專利特開平9-189453號公報
專利文獻4：日本專利特開2000-345183號公報
本發明係鑒於上述先前技術所具有之課題而完成者，其目的在於提供一種即便於生成如氫氟酸之類的強酸之情形時，亦可藉由調配可以較少之添加量發揮出充分之效果之穩定劑而提高穩定性之長期可靠性優異的潤滑油組合物。
本發明者等人為了達成上述目的而進行努力研究，結果發現藉由在潤滑油基礎油中調配特定量之作為脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯及/或3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯之酯，可使潤滑油之穩定性大幅度提高。並且，基於該見解而完成了本發明。
即，本發明提供下述[1]~[9]所示之潤滑油組合物。
[1]一種潤滑油組合物，其含有潤滑油基礎油、及選自脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯的第1酯及3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯的第2酯中之至少1種酯添加劑，且上述酯添加劑之含量以潤滑油組合物總量作為基準為0.01~5.0質量%。
[2]如[1]之潤滑油組合物，其中上述第1酯之構成脂肪酸為碳數5~20之支鏈狀脂肪酸，上述第2酯之酯基中所含之烷基為碳數5~20之支鏈狀烷基。
[3]如[1]或[2]之潤滑油組合物，其中上述第1酯具有構成1,2-環氧環己烷之環己烷環之4位或5位碳原子上經由碳數1~4之直鏈狀伸烷基而鍵結有自脂肪酸之羧基中去除氫原子所得之殘基的結構。
[4]如[1]至[3]中任一項之潤滑油組合物，其中潤滑油組合物於40℃下之動黏度為5~1000mm2/s。
[5]如[1]至[4]中任一項之潤滑油組合物，其中上述潤滑油基礎油為選自礦物油系基礎油、合成油系基礎油及動植物油系基礎油中之至少1種。
[6]如[5]之潤滑油組合物，其中上述合成油系基礎油為選自酯及醚中之至少1種。
[7]一種冷凍機用潤滑油組合物，其包含如[6]之潤滑油組合物。
[8]如[7]之冷凍機用潤滑油組合物，其中上述合成油系基礎油為選自多元醇酯、聚伸烷基二醇及聚乙烯醚中之至少1種。
[9]如[8]之冷凍機用潤滑油組合物，其與含有不飽和氟化烴之冷媒一併使用。
根據本發明，可提供一種即便於生成如氫氟酸之類的強酸之情形時，亦可藉由調配可以較少之添加量發揮出充分之效果之穩定劑而提高穩定性之長期可靠性優異的潤滑油組合物。
例如於將本發明之潤滑油組合物用作普通機械或車輛之潤滑油之情形時，可發揮出如下特別之效果：可藉由捕捉因伴隨潤滑油之使用所產生之熱、氧化劣化而生成之酸性物質而使穩定性大幅度提高，從而可長期穩定地使用。
又，於將本發明之潤滑油組合物用作冷凍機器用潤滑油之情形時，可發揮出如下特別之效果：可藉由有效地捕捉因潤滑油與冷媒之混合流體之熱劣化而生成之包含強酸之酸性物質而使穩定性大幅度提高，從而可長期穩定地使用。
本發明之實施形態之潤滑油組合物含有潤滑油基礎油、及選自脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯的第1酯及3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯的第2酯中之至少1種酯添加劑。上述酯添加劑之含量以潤滑油組合物總量作為基準為0.01~5.0質量%。
潤滑油組合物之物性並無特別限定，潤滑油組合物於40℃下之動黏度較佳為5~1000mm2/s，更佳為5~300mm2/s，進而較佳為5~220mm2/s，最佳為5~150mm2/s。
以下，對本實施形態之潤滑油組合物之構成成分進行詳細敍述。
[潤滑油基礎油]
作為本實施形態中之潤滑油基礎油，可使用礦物油系基礎油、合成油系基礎油、動植物油系等潤滑油基礎油。
潤滑油基礎油之物性並無特別限定，潤滑油基礎油於40℃下之動黏度較佳為5~1000mm2/s，更佳為5~300mm2/s，進而較佳為5~150mm2/s。潤滑油基礎油之黏度指數較佳為10以上。潤滑油基礎油之流動點較佳為-10℃以下，更佳為-20℃以下。潤滑油基礎油之燃點較佳為120℃以上，更佳為200℃以上。
作為礦物油系基礎油，可列舉：鏈烷系基礎油、環烷系基礎油、混合基系基礎油。任一種基礎油均為適當組合溶劑脫瀝青、溶劑萃取、氫化精製、氫化分解、溶劑脫蠟、氫化脫蠟、白土處理等潤滑油精製方法對將原油常壓蒸餾、進而減壓蒸餾而獲得之潤滑油餾分進行處理而獲得的精製潤滑油餾分，故而可較佳地使用。藉由將各種原料與各種精製方法組合，可獲得性狀不同之精製潤滑油餾分。於本實施形態中，可單獨使用礦物油系基礎油之1種，亦可組合使用2種以上。
又，作為合成油系基礎油，可列舉：酯、醚等含氧化合物系基礎油、聚-α-烯烴(PAO)、乙烯-α-烯烴低聚物、烷基苯、烷基萘等烴系基礎油。
含氧化合物系基礎油之中，酯為如下基礎油：各種分子結構之化合物均有市售，且具有具備各自特有之黏度特性、低溫特性，若與為同一黏度之烴系基礎油相比則燃點較高之特徵。酯可使醇與脂肪酸進行脫水縮合反應而獲得，於本發明中，就化學穩定性之方面而言，可列舉：二元酸與一元醇之二酯，多元醇(尤其是新戊基多元醇)與一元脂肪酸之多元醇酯，或多元醇、多元酸、及一元醇(或一元脂肪酸)之複合酯(complex ester)作為較佳之基礎油成分。其中較佳為穩定性優異之多元醇酯。再者，此處所謂之作為潤滑油基礎油之酯中不包含作為酯添加劑之第1酯及第2酯。
作為醚，可列舉聚伸烷基二醇、聚乙烯醚等。
又，作為聚伸烷基二醇，可列舉聚丙二醇。關於聚伸烷基二醇之末端結構，就抑制吸濕性之方面而言，較佳為至少一末端為烷基，尤佳為甲基。又，就製造容易性及成本之方面而言，較佳為任一末端為烷基，另一末端為氫原子，尤佳為一末端為甲基，另一末端為氫原子。關於主骨架，就潤滑性之方面而言，較佳為包含氧化乙烯基(EO)與氧化丙烯基(PO)之共聚物，氧化乙烯基於氧化乙烯基與氧化丙烯基之總和中所占之比率(EO/PO+EO)較佳為在0.1~0.8之範圍內，更佳為在0.3~0.6之範圍內。又，就吸濕性或熱/化學穩定性之方面而言，EO/(PO+EO)之值較佳為在0~0.5之範圍內，更佳為在0~0.2之範圍內，最佳為0(即環氧丙烷均聚物)。
作為聚乙烯醚，例如可列舉具有通式(1)所表示之結構單元者。
[化1]
[式中，R1、R2及R3可相同亦可不同，分別表示氫原子或碳數1~8之烴基，R4表示碳數1~10之二價烴基或碳數2~20之二價之含醚鍵氧之烴基，R5表示碳數1~20之烴基，m表示使標附於上述聚乙烯醚上之m之平均值成為0~10的數，R1~R5於每個結構單元中可相同亦可不同，於1個結構單元中m為2以上之情形時，該結構單元中之複數個R4O可相同亦可不同]
聚乙烯醚可為其結構單元相同之均聚物，亦可為包含2種以上之結構單元之共聚物，藉由形成共聚物，可平衡良好地調整特性，故而較佳。
烴油之中，PAO為α-烯烴之聚合物，可藉由選定α-烯烴之種類及聚合度而調節PAO之特性。
烷基苯中根據烷基之結構而有直鏈型與支鏈型，由於特性不同，故而根據目的而區分使用。尤其於冷凍機用潤滑油之領域中，烷基苯作為潤滑油基礎油有用。
作為動植物油系基礎油，可列舉：牛乳脂、牛油、豬油(lard)、羊油、牛腳油、鯨油、鮭油、鰹油、鯡油、鱈油、菜籽油、棕櫚油、紅花籽油、花生油、玉米油、米糠油、木棉籽油、芝麻油、亞麻籽油、蓖麻油、可可脂、乳木果油、棕櫚油、棕櫚仁油、椰子油、麻籽油、大豆油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、山茶油、米油、茶籽油、橄欖油等。
於本實施形態中，亦可單獨使用礦物油系基礎油、合成油系基礎油及動植物油系基礎油中之1種。又，可適當組合2種以上並以適當 之比率進行調配以滿足每種用途所要求之各種性能。進而，關於礦物油系基礎油、合成油系基礎油或動植物油系基礎油之各者，亦可組合使用2種以上之潤滑油基礎油。
[酯添加劑]
本實施形態之潤滑油組合物含有選自作為脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯之第1酯及作為3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯之第2酯中之至少1種酯添加劑。
第1酯(脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯)具有3,4-環氧環己基烷基與自脂肪酸之羧酸基(-COOH)中去除氫原子所得之殘基鍵結而成之結構。根據該殘基之鍵結位置(脂肪酸3,4-環氧環己基烷基酯中之1位碳原子)來看，環氧環由3位及4位之2個碳原子與1個氧原子構成。換言之，第1酯具有構成1,2-環氧環己烷之環己烷環之4位或5位碳原子上經由伸烷基而鍵結有自脂肪酸之羧基中去除氫原子所得之殘基的結構。該伸烷基較佳為碳數1~4之直鏈狀伸烷基。
作為第1酯之較佳例，可列舉下述通式(2)所表示之化合物。
[式中，R6表示碳數4~19之烴基，n表示1~4之整數]
通式(2)中之R6較佳為烷基，更佳為支鏈烷基。又，該烴基之碳數為4~19，較佳為6~10。作為R6，就作為潤滑油之特性平衡而言，尤佳為1-乙基戊基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基。
又，通式(2)中，-(CH2)n-之重複數n為1~4之整數，較佳為1或2。
第2酯(3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯)具有構成1,2-環氧環己烷之環己烷環之4位或5位碳原子上直接鍵結有酯基之結構。根據該殘基之鍵結位置(3,4-環氧環己基羧酸烷基酯中之1位碳原子)來看，環氧環由3位及4位之2個碳原子與1個氧原子構成。
作為第2酯之較佳例，可列舉下述通式(3)所表示之化合物。
[式中，R7表示碳數5~20之烷基]
通式(3)中之R7較佳為支鏈烷基。R7之碳數為5~20，尤佳為6~10。作為R7，就作為潤滑油之特性平衡而言，尤佳為2-乙基己基、3,5,5-三甲基己基。
於本實施形態中，作為酯添加劑，可單獨使用第1酯及第2酯中之1種，又，亦可組合使用2種以上。酯添加劑之含量以潤滑油組合物總量作為基準為0.01~5.0質量%，較佳為0.1~2.0質量%。若含量未達上述下限值，則利用添加酯添加劑而獲得之提高穩定性之效果變得不充分。又，若含量超過上述上限值，則對應用潤滑油組合物之機器中所使用之有機材料之膨潤等之影響增大。再者，關於此處所謂之酯添加劑之含量，於使用2種以上之酯添加劑之情形時，意指該等酯添加劑之合計含量。
[其他添加劑]
為了使性能進一步提高，本實施形態之潤滑油組合物可於無損本發明之目的之範圍內含有抗氧化劑、摩擦調整劑、抗磨耗劑、極壓添加劑、防銹劑、金屬減活劑、消泡劑等添加劑。
作為抗氧化劑，可列舉如二第三丁基對甲酚之類的酚系化合物、如烷基二苯基胺之類的胺系化合物等；作為摩擦調整劑，可列舉脂肪族胺、脂肪族醯胺、脂肪族醯亞胺、醇、酯、酸性磷酸酯胺鹽、亞磷酸酯胺鹽等；作為抗磨耗劑，可列舉磷酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅等；作為極壓添加劑，可列舉硫化烯烴、硫化油脂等；作為防銹劑，可列舉烯基琥珀酸酯或偏酯等；作為金屬減活劑，可列舉苯并***等；作為消泡劑，可列舉聚矽氧化合物、酯系消泡劑等。
於將本實施形態之潤滑油組合物用作普通機械用或車輛用之潤滑油之情形時，可較佳地使用礦物油系基礎油作為潤滑油基礎油。再者，於該等用途中，於使用以礦物油系基礎油作為潤滑油基礎油之先前之潤滑油之情形時，會因熱、氧化劣化而生成大量源自礦物油系基礎油之羧酸等酸性物質。並且，若為了抑制該酸性物質之生成而增多添加劑之含量，則會導致機器之腐蝕等問題。對此，根據本實施形態之潤滑油組合物，上述特定之酯添加劑為以少量之添加，效果便較大者，故而可不對潤滑油之其他特性造成影響而使穩定性大幅度提高，可降低腐蝕性。
又，於冷凍機器之情形時，如上所述般，自防止全球暖化之觀點考慮，存在自GWP較高之目前應用之HFC冷媒過渡至HFO冷媒等低GWP之冷媒之趨勢，而謀求適應其之潤滑油。本實施形態之潤滑油組合物作為與低GWP之冷媒一併使用之冷凍機用潤滑油組合物亦非常有用。
若對冷媒進一步進行詳細敍述，則目前廣泛使用1,1,1,2-四氟乙 烷(HFC-134a、R134a)作為冰箱及汽車空調用，廣泛使用二氟甲烷(HFC-32、R32)與五氟乙烷(HFC-125、R125)之1/1之混合冷媒之R410A作為房間空調用。作為使用該等冷媒之冷凍機用潤滑油(冷凍機油)之潤滑油基礎油，適宜為具有適度之相互溶解性之酯、聚醚、尤其是多元醇酯、聚伸烷基二醇、聚乙烯醚。但是，由於該等冷媒之GWP較高，故而根據所謂之F-氣體規制(Regulation on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases，特定含氟溫室氣體之管製法規)而使用逐漸受到限制。
作為其代替，業界正研究低GWP之包含含有不飽和烴的氫氟烯烴(HFO)之冷媒的冷媒，而成為有力候補。作為不飽和烴，有2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze)、1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225ye)等。該等HFO冷媒具有容易於分子內發生分解之烯烴結構，故而具有GWP較低，但另一方面穩定性較低之特徵。因此，若於與冷凍循環內之潤滑油之共存下發生劣化，則容易生成強酸之氫氟酸(HF)，而成為促進冷媒及潤滑油之進一步之劣化、有時成為由腐蝕磨耗引起之系統故障的原因。
根據本實施形態之潤滑油組合物，亦可將上述氫氟酸或因潤滑油之劣化而生成之強酸性物質有效去除。即，藉由將酸性物質吸收至上述特定之酯添加劑之分子內，於如HFO冷媒之類的穩定性較差之冷媒與潤滑油共存之體系中亦可保持較高之穩定性。
即，作為本實施形態之潤滑油組合物之較佳態樣，可例示與含有不飽和氟化烴之冷媒一併使用之冷凍機用潤滑油組合物。作為進而較佳之態樣，可例示含有本實施形態之潤滑油組合物、及含有不飽和氟化烴之冷媒的冷凍機用作動流體組合物。再者，此處所謂之「含有不飽和氟化烴之冷媒」中包含僅由不飽和氟化烴構成之冷媒(單獨HFO)、以及不飽和氟化烴與其他冷媒成分之混合冷媒之兩者。
[實施例]
以下，基於實施例及比較例進一步具體地說明本發明，但本發明並不受以下實施例任何限定。
[實施例1~8、比較例1~6]
於實施例1~8及比較例1~6中，分別使用以下所示之潤滑油基礎油及添加劑，製備具有表1、2所示之組成之潤滑油組合物。再者，表1、2中之添加劑之含量為以潤滑油組合物總量作為基準之含量。
(A)潤滑油基礎油
(A1)多元醇酯(POE)：季戊四醇與2-乙基己酸和3,5,5-三甲基己酸以質量比計為1：1之混合酸的酯(40℃下之動黏度68.0mm2/s，黏度指數90，流動點-40℃，燃點260℃)
(A2)二酯(DE)：癸二酸二辛酯(40℃下之動黏度11.6mm2/s，黏度指數150，流動點-50℃，燃點220℃)
(A3)聚伸烷基二醇(PAG)：兩末端由甲基進行了醚封阻之聚氧化丙烯(平均分子量1000，40℃下之動黏度46.0mm2/s，黏度指數190，流動點-45℃，燃點218℃)
(A4)礦物油：鏈烷系精製礦物油(40℃下之動黏度22.0mm2/s，黏度指數95，流動點-15℃，燃點210℃)
(A5)菜籽油：精製菜籽油(40℃下之動黏度32.0mm2/s，黏度指數200，流動點-25℃，燃點330℃)
再者，動黏度係依據JIS K2283而測定，流動點係依據JIS K2269而測定，燃點係依據JIS K2265而測定。
(B)酯添加劑
實施例之添加劑係使用如下者。
(B1)3,5,5-三甲基己酸3,4-環氧環己基甲酯
(B2)異硬脂酸3,4-環氧環己基甲酯
(B3)3,4-環氧環己烷-1-羧酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯
(B1)係利用以下方法合成。
一面對3-環己烯-1-甲醇(東京化成工業股份有限公司製造)300.0g、3,5,5-三甲基己酸(協和醱酵化學股份有限公司製造，商品名「ISONONANOIC ACID」)352.6g、及對甲苯磺酸(江南化工股份有限公司製造)0.7g進行攪拌一面升溫至120℃，繼而一面自120℃緩慢地升溫至150℃一面反應12小時。其後，於150℃下歷時3小時緩慢地逐漸減壓直至10Torr(約1330Pa)為止，並將未反應之原料自反應溶液中去除。
使所獲得之反應溶液恢復至室溫，添加乙酸乙酯562.4g、蒸餾水1124.9g、及氫氧化鈉0.1g，攪拌30分鐘並進行鹼清洗。其後靜置，使之分液為有機層與水層後將水層導出而去除。於上述有機層中添加蒸餾水1124.9g，攪拌30分鐘而進行水洗。其後靜置，使之分液為有機層與水層後將水層導出而去除，實施合計2次該作業。將所回收之有機層移至圓底燒瓶中，使用蒸發器於120℃、10Torr(約1330Pa)之條件下進行上述有機層之脫溶劑，而獲得3,5,5-三甲基己酸3-環己烯基甲酯511.0g。
其次，一面於30℃下對上述所獲得之3,5,5-三甲基己酸3-環己烯基甲酯484.6g、及乙酸乙酯969.1g進行攪拌，一面歷時2小時滴加30重量%過乙酸之乙酸乙酯溶液(含水率0.41重量%)554.8g，進而攪拌5小時。其後，於反應後之溶液中添加蒸餾水2008.4g並攪拌30分鐘，進行水洗。其後靜置，使之分液為有機層與水層後將水層導出而去除，實施合計4次該作業。其次，使用蒸發器於150℃、10Torr(約1330Pa)之條件下進行上述有機層之脫溶劑，而獲得3,5,5-三甲基己酸3,4-環氧環己基甲酯505.0g。
(B2)係使用異硬脂酸(東京化成工業股份有限公司製造)代替3,5,5- 三甲基己酸，以與(B1)相同之方式合成。
(B3)係利用以下方法合成。
一面對3-環己烯-1-羧酸甲酯(東京化成工業股份有限公司製造)285.0g、3,5,5-三甲基己醇(協和醱酵化學股份有限公司製造，商品名「Nonanol」)322.6g、及鈦酸四丁酯0.03g進行攪拌一面升溫至100℃，繼而一面自100℃緩慢地升溫至200℃一面反應15小時。其後，於150℃下歷時1小時緩慢地逐漸減壓直至10Torr(約1330Pa)為止，並將未反應之原料自反應溶液中去除，而獲得3-環己烯-1-羧酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯482.2g。
其次，一面於30℃下對上述所獲得之3-環己烯-1-羧酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯450.0g、及乙酸乙酯900.0g進行攪拌，一面歷時2小時滴加30重量%過乙酸之乙酸乙酯溶液(含水率0.41重量%)554.8g，進而攪拌5小時。其後，於反應後之溶液中添加蒸餾水1865.2g並攪拌30分鐘，進行水洗。其後靜置，使之分液為有機層與水層後將水層導出而去除，實施合計4次該作業。其次，使用蒸發器於120℃、10Torr(約1330Pa)之條件下進行上述有機層之脫溶劑，而獲得3,4-環氧環己烷-1-羧酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯450.0g。
(C)其他添加劑
(C1)(3,4-環氧)環己烷羧酸3,4-環氧環己基甲酯
(C2)2,2-二甲基辛酸縮水甘油酯
(C3)第三丁基苯甲酸縮水甘油酯
(熱穩定性試驗)
以實施例1~8及比較例1~6之潤滑油組合物作為試樣油，利用以下方法實施熱穩定性試驗。
稱取將含有水分量調整為1000ppm之試樣油90g置於高壓釜中，封入觸媒(鐵、銅、鋁之線，外徑均為1.6mm×50mm)與HFO-1234yf 冷媒10g、空氣50cc之後，加熱至175℃，測定100小時後之試樣油之外觀與酸值(JIS C2101)。將熱穩定性試驗前之試樣油(未經處理之油)之酸值以及熱穩定性試驗後之試樣油之外觀及酸值示於表1、2。
如根據表1及表2可知般，實施例-1~8之潤滑油組合物於與空氣、水及生成氫氟酸之HFO-1234yf之共存下之高溫下之熱穩定性試驗中，酸值之上升亦較小，未見析出物。可明確於實施例-1~4之酯 基礎油與實施例-8之菜籽油之情形時，於水之共存下水解得到抑制，且於實施例-5~7之未水解之潤滑油基礎油之情形時，由於為空氣、水之共存下，故而可謂氧化劣化得到抑制。
另一方面，於比較例-1~6之潤滑油組合物之情形時，全部有見析出，酸值之上升較大。因此，本發明之潤滑油組合物可以較少之添加量獲得與先前之添加劑相同之效果，可抑制對體系內之有機材料之影響。又，若將添加量設為等量，則穩定性大幅度提高。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明之潤滑油組合物可藉由調配少量之添加劑而將主要以礦物油作為潤滑油基礎油之油壓作動油或機油之情形時因伴隨潤滑油之使用而產生之熱、氧化劣化而生成的酸性物質、主要以含氧化合物作為潤滑油基礎油之冷凍機用潤滑油之情形時因潤滑油與冷媒之混合流體之熱劣化而生成之包含強酸的酸性物質有效地捕捉，藉此使穩定性大幅度提高，可較佳地用於普通機械、車輛、冷凍機等。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種潤滑油組合物，其含有：潤滑油基礎油、及選自下述通式(2)所表示之第1酯及下述通式(3)所表示之第2酯中之至少1種酯添加劑，且上述酯添加劑之含量以潤滑油組合物總量作為基準為0.01~5.0質量%； [式中，R6表示碳數4~19之烴基，n表示1~4之整數]； [式中，R7表示碳數5~20之烷基]。
  2. 如請求項1之潤滑油組合物，其中上述通式(2)中之R6為支鏈烷基，上述通式(3)中之R7為支鏈烷基。
  3. 如請求項1或2之潤滑油組合物，其中上述潤滑油組合物於40℃下之動黏度為5~1000mm2/s。
  4. 如請求項1或2之潤滑油組合物，其中上述潤滑油基礎油為選自礦物油系基礎油、合成油系基礎油及動植物油系基礎油中之至少1種。
  5. 如請求項4之潤滑油組合物，其中上述合成油系基礎油為選自酯 及醚中之至少1種。
  6. 一種冷凍機用潤滑油組合物，其包含如請求項5之潤滑油組合物。
  7. 如請求項6之冷凍機用潤滑油組合物，其中上述合成油系基礎油為選自多元醇酯、聚伸烷基二醇及聚乙烯醚中之至少1種。
  8. 如請求項7之冷凍機用潤滑油組合物，其與含有不飽和氟化烴之冷媒一併使用。
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