TWI495247B - 級聯式電力轉換器及用於控制其之方法及積體電路 - Google Patents

級聯式電力轉換器及用於控制其之方法及積體電路 Download PDF

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TWI495247B
TWI495247B TW099118799A TW99118799A TWI495247B TW I495247 B TWI495247 B TW I495247B TW 099118799 A TW099118799 A TW 099118799A TW 99118799 A TW99118799 A TW 99118799A TW I495247 B TWI495247 B TW I495247B
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power
circuit
voltage
converter
auxiliary
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TW201121224A (en
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John L Melanson
Mauro L Gaetano
Eric King
Robert Grisamore
Zhaohui He
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Cirrus Logic Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3372Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type
    • H02M3/3374Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type with preregulator, e.g. current injected push-pull

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

級聯式電力轉換器及用於控制其之方法及積體電路
本發明大體上係關於切換電力調節器電路,且更特定言之,係關於級聯式切換電力轉換器,其中一輔助繞組電力供應器藉由以一低能量傳輸模式操作該切換電力轉換器而從一最後電力轉換器級提供能量。
為了供應電力至一線供電之切換電力轉換器之控制電路,需要一低電壓電力供應器,通常在幾毫安培電流處介於3伏與12伏之間。然而,直到該電力轉換器操作時,通常可用之唯一源為AC電力線。該AC電力線之高電壓使得無法使用電阻器來使電壓降低至控制器所需之電壓,這是因為電阻器中之耗電量通常係以幾瓦特之數量級。
因此,設置於轉換器磁性元件上之一輔助繞組經常用於供應電力至轉換器控制器積體電路(IC),這是因為藉由使用該輔助繞組可產生一較低電壓,因此減少浪費之電力。雖然輔助電力供應器可自第一級操作,但是在一AC線供電之級聯式轉換器中,該第一級具有隨輸入電壓而變化之電感器/變壓器電流。在第一級為一電力因數校正器(PFC)的級聯式轉換器中,輸入電流將直接隨輸入電壓而變化。線上輸入經整流且濾波的其他級聯式轉換器中,除非濾波器在所有負載條件下具有一低漣波,且因此相當大,在高負載條件下之輸入上仍有顯著AC變動。因此,將該輔助繞組放置於第二級中之磁性元件之一者上在此等應用中係可取的。在一級聯式電力轉換器中,一般直到第一級之輸出電壓已達到確保將正確操作第二級之一位準才啟用該第二級。因此,至少直到開始該第二級時,一般使用電阻器降壓電力供應器組態(大體上具有用於調節輸出電壓之齊納(Zener)二極體),從而降低整體效率且提高自該電力供應器產生之熱能級。
自一DC-DC轉換器級(其接收來自一第一級PFC之輸入)提供之一第二級輔助電力供應器仍具有隨該DC-DC轉換器之輸入處之中間節點電壓而變化之一輸出電壓,該DC-DC轉換器之輸入隨提供於該PFC之輸入處之AC電力線電壓之量值而變化。為了確保有足夠電壓可用於在所有輸入線條件下操作該控制器IC,最大輔助電力供應器輸出電壓通常會比最小所需輸出電壓高得多。因此,該IC必須被設計成處置可自該輔助繞組提供之電力供應器電壓之整個範圍,或該電壓必須例如利用一齊納二極體電路而調節,從而浪費電力、消散熱且通常降低可靠性。
因此,提供可供應內部控制器電路給自該級聯式電力轉換器之第二級(或更後級)操作之一輔助電力供應器之一級聯式電力轉換器係可取的。在不需要一齊納二極體或另一有損調節技術的情況下提供可自一變化範圍極大之輔助繞組電壓操作之此一輔助電力供應器進一步係可取的。
在一種級聯式切換轉換器及一種操作該切換轉換器之方法中提供上述提供具有自一第二級或更後級操作之一輔助電力供應器電路的一級聯式電力轉換器之目的。
該級聯式切換轉換器具有一第一級,該第一級自一電源接收輸入,該電源可為一AC電力線,且該第一級具有耦合至一中間節點之一輸出。該級聯式切換轉換器亦具有一第二級,該第二級具有耦合至該中間節點之一輸入,且該第二級具有提供該級聯式電力轉換器之一輸出的一輸出。一輔助繞組設置於該第二級之一磁耦合元件上,且該第二級包含一啟動控制電路,該啟動控制電路在該第二級之啟動期間以及在該第一級之啟動之前以低能量傳輸模式操作該第二級以在該輔助繞組處提供一電壓。因此,在該級聯式電力轉換器之輸出處沒有產生大量電流的情況下,該輔助電力供應器可在該第二級之啟動期間操作。該磁耦合元件可為在操作期間不會儲存大量能量之一變壓器,或為藉由離散電流切換而傳輸能量之一電感器或變壓器。
該輔助繞組可提供至具有一可選擇操作模式之一輔助電力供應器電路,該輔助電力供應器電路具有用於各操作模式之一不同輸入對輸出電壓特性。可回應於量測該輔助電力供應器之輸出電壓而選擇該輔助電力供應器之操作模式,且可動態執行,從而提供進一步改良該輔助電力供應器之效率的一磁滯控制器。
本發明之前述及其他目的、特徵及優點從以下在隨附圖式中所繪示之本發明之較佳實施例之更特定描述而顯而易見。
本發明包含在級聯式轉換器中之輔助電力供應器電路及用於提供電力至一級聯式切換電力轉換器內之控制電路及/或其他電路之方法,其中自該級聯式切換電力轉換器之一第二(或更後)級提供該輔助電力供應器。該級聯式電力轉換器可為一電力因數校正器(PFC)、後續接著一DC-DC轉換器級。於該級聯式轉換器之該第二(或更後)級中提供一低能量傳輸模式。該低能量傳輸模式提供足夠能量以充電該輔助電力供應器之輸出,該輔助電力供應器自該第二級之磁性元件之一者之一輔助繞組而操作。該低能量傳輸模式一般具有比在正常操作時該第二級之切換速率及脈衝寬度小得多之切換速率及脈衝寬度,使得在低能量傳輸操作模式期間不會中斷/供電連接至該級聯式轉換器之輸出之負載。
具有一可選擇操作模式之一輔助電力供應器電路用於改變該輔助電力供應器之輸出/輸入電壓特性以補償第二級之輸入電壓之改變。舉例而言,在一PFC輸入級之操作之前,該輸入電壓之峰值可跨互連該等級之一中間節點而係可用的,但峰間電壓可在該第一級操作之後而係可用的,從而導致該輔助繞組之可用電壓之2:1之改變。該輔助電力供應器之操作模式可用於補償此改變以及其他改變,且可以一磁滯回饋組態而操作,其中該模式經選擇以調節該輔助電力供應器輸出電壓。
現參考圖1,展示根據本發明之一實施例之一級聯式切換電力轉換器8。一切換控制器10提供控制信號以控制在由一中間節點連接之一第一級PFC 14及一第二級DC-DC轉換器15中之切換器件。一電容器CLINK 保持該中間節點電壓,以及一電容器CRECT 保持自整流器12提供至PFC 14之輸入電壓,該整流器12係藉由電磁干擾(EMI)濾波器11而耦合至一AC電力線源17。在所繪示實施例中,DC-DC轉換器15之輸出用於供電給照明應用之發光二極體LED。然而,本發明之技術可適用於其他應用之級聯式電力轉換器以及除了PFC/DC-DC以外的級聯式組態。
DC-DC轉換器15包含一輔助電力供應器16,該輔助電力供應器供應電力至控制器10以用於操作內部電路,並且提供操作PFC 14及DC-DC轉換器15中之切換器件之閘極驅動電流。透過電阻器RS1 及電阻器RS2 而獲得電力,直到輔助電力供應器16產生足夠電壓以操作控制器10內之電路之至少一些。輔助電力供應器16自從DC-DC轉換器15之一磁耦合元件提供之一輔助繞組aux而操作。因此,僅在DC-DC轉換器15已開始切換之後輔助繞組aux才產生一輸出電壓VAUX 。一旦跨電容器CRECT 之電壓已達到一預定臨限電壓,類似於級聯式切換電力轉換器8之操作時序之一典型級聯式轉換器之一正常操作時序就將會開始PFC 14之操作,且接著在跨電容器CLINK 之電壓VLINK 已達到由達到另一預定臨限電壓之電壓VLINK 指示之一穩定狀態值之後開始DC-DC轉換器15之操作。然而,根據本發明之一實施例之級聯式切換電力轉換器8提供一低能量傳輸模式,其中可在PFC 14操作的同時或替代地在PFC 14操作之前開始DC-DC轉換器15。
現參考圖2,展示圖1之級聯式電力轉換器8之細節。一電感器L1及一切換電晶體N1提供一升壓組態PFC,該升壓組態PFC將電容器CLINK 充電至大約等於400 VDC之一電壓,給出跨電容器CRECT 之一360 VDC輸入電壓。電晶體N1之閘極受控於控制器10,使得PFC 14之輸入阻抗幾乎沒有電抗性元件,即PFC 14看起來如跨AC電力線源17之一電阻。在啟動之前,因為二極體D1作為一峰值偵測器,所以AC電力線源17之經整流形式之峰值電壓跨電容器CLINK 而出現在AC電力線源17之第一輸入峰值之後。控制器10可以一低能量傳輸模式、非頻繁切換且利用窄脈衝而操作DC-DC轉換器15,以產生輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX ,如以下將更詳細解釋。
DC-DC轉換器15為一正向推挽轉換器,該正向推挽轉換器依次切換跨一變壓器T1之一初級繞組之兩個均分部分之電晶體N2及N3以產生一雙極功率波形。在變壓器T1之次級繞組處,該雙極功率波形藉由二極體D2及D3而整流且藉由電感器組合電容器COUT 而濾波。變壓器T1亦供應如上所述之輔助繞組aux。一電阻器RIS 提供供應至切換控制器10之一電壓降。跨電阻器RIS 之電壓降係與藉由電晶體N2或電晶體N3而切換之電流成比例,從而提供指示藉由一負載(諸如圖1之發光二極體LED)而提供之電流之電流模式回饋。
在一說明性操作實例中,在使切換電晶體N1-N3之任意者切換之前,大約160 VDC(一典型AC電力線源之峰值電壓)歸因於跨電容器CRECT 出現之經整流信號之峰值偵測而跨電容器CLINK 係可用的。一旦藉由電阻器RS1 及電阻器RS2 獲得之電壓足以操作控制器且已執行控制器之初始化,控制器10開始操作PFC 14以升壓及調節跨電容器CLINK 提供之電壓。控制器10亦開始以一非常低之重複速率(例如,20 kHz)切換DC-DC轉換器15中之電晶體N2及N3且持續較短時間,該重複速率當不足以提供通過發光二極體LED之電流(例如,小於標稱電流之5%)且持續較短時間時提供通過變壓器T1之一輔助繞組aux之足夠電流以產生輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 。因為以一低速率切換電晶體N2及N3,所以來自輔助電力供應器16之電流要求亦低於在DC-DC轉換器15之正常切換操作期間之要求。一旦已足夠增加電壓VLINK ,控制器10就使DC-DC轉換器15置於正常操作模式中。一旦電壓VLINK 已增加至其滿值,跨輔助繞組aux之可用電壓大約係在啟動低能量傳輸模式期間存在之電壓的兩倍,這是因為一旦電晶體N1之切換開始,PFC 15之輸出就加倍。在此時根據從控制器10提供之模式選擇信號mode或藉由模式選擇條件之內部偵測而改變輔助電力供應器16之操作模式,如以下將詳細描述。
雖然上述操作時序係對於啟動而言,但是在諸如所繪示之LED照明應用之應用中,當發光二極體LED完全斷開時(其可在根據一作用時間因數(duty factor)調光期間或在100%調光處實現),藉由停止DC-DC轉換器15之切換而停用該輸出,而PFC 14繼續調節電壓VLINK 。因此,為了在輔助電力供應器16之輸出處維持電壓VAUX ,可再次進入DC-DC轉換器15之低能量傳輸模式,且藉由發光二極體LED產生之少量電流不會中斷調光操作。
在啟動或退出調光模式且回到正常操作之後,若輔助電力供應器16僅包含諸如一齊納二極體之一線性調節電路,則輔助電力供應器16中消耗之電力將與傳遞至控制器10之電力大約相同,假設在PFC 14之啟動之前以及在PFC 14之啟動之後傳遞至控制器10之電壓必須相同。因此,所繪示實施例之輔助電力供應器16包含一倍壓器,該倍壓器具有如上所述之一可選擇操作模式。輔助電力供應器16產生具有實質上等於在一操作模式中跨輔助繞組aux可用之峰間電壓之一半之一量值的一DC輸出及具有實質上等於在另一操作模式中跨輔助繞組aux可用之電壓之峰值量值之平均值之一量值的一DC輸出。在兩個操作模式中,提供於輔助電力供應器16之輸出處之實際電壓將因電路電壓降而減少。在啟動期間,及在控制器10開始DC-DC轉換器15之正常操作之前,藉由確證可自控制器10提供或可在輔助電力供應器16內判定之控制信號mode而使輔助電力供應器16置於倍增模式,如以下將說明。在PFC 14已增加跨電容器CLINK 可用之電壓之後,使輔助電力供應器16置於非倍增模式中或以磁滯調節模式操作,如以下將更詳細描述。
現參考圖3,展示根據本發明之一實施例之輔助電力供應器16之細節。輔助電力供應器16之輸入連接至變壓器T1 之輔助繞組aux。一電容器C1將輔助繞組aux交流耦合至輔助電力供應器16之輸入,使得在藉由啟用電晶體N10而選擇之一第一操作模式中,有效移除二極體D11及D14,這是因為二極體D14將保持反向偏壓且二極體D11短路。在該第一操作模式中,輔助電力供應器電路16操作為一倍壓器電路。
在輔助電力供應器16之倍增操作模式中,在跨輔助繞組aux之電壓之一負相位期間,二極體D13導通且電容器C1充電至跨輔助繞組aux可用之電壓之負峰值(小於二極體D13之電壓降),且在此相位期間,二極體D12係反向偏壓。在跨輔助繞組aux可用之電壓之下個正相位期間,二極體D13係反向偏壓且二極體D12導通。在該正相位期間跨輔助繞組aux之電壓被相加至在先前負相位期間置於電容器C1上之電壓,導致「電壓相加」。由輔助電力供應器16以該第一操作模式實施之倍壓器電路通常稱為一倍壓器,其在所說明之應用中係如此,這是因為電晶體N2及N3之推挽操作導致實質上等於跨輔助繞組aux之電壓負脈衝及正脈衝。
在輔助電力供應器16之一第二操作模式中,停用電晶體N10,且二極體D11-D14作為一全波橋式整流器,該全波橋式整流器整流跨藉電容器C1耦合之輔助繞組aux可用之交流耦合電壓。因為輔助繞組aux係交流耦合,所以由二極體D11-D14形成之該橋式整流器之輸入之間之直流電位可為非零,且將假設跨輔助繞組aux可用之電壓之正峰值及負峰值之間之差跨電容器C1而出現。因此,雖然由二極體D11-D14形成之該橋式整流器之輸出所提供之正峰值電壓及負峰值電壓(其提供在該第二操作模式中之輔助電力供應器16之輸出)理想地係在該第一操作模式中產生之電壓之一半,但是兩個輸出電壓歸因於二極體及其他電路電壓降而將不同於以上輸出電壓。
如上所述,在PFC 14操作之後或當DC-DC轉換器15進入正常操作模式時控制器10可用信號通知輔助電力供應器16以退出倍壓模式。替代地,可聯合使用輔助電力供應器16之該兩個操作模式以形成一調節器。圖3之輔助電力供應器16繪示此一調節器。在控制電路24內之一磁滯比較器K1藉由比較輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 與一臨限電壓VTH 而控制電晶體N10之閘極,一臨限電壓VTH 一般可設定為介於該第一操作模式與該第二操作模式之輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 之間之任何電壓。所得操作藉由控制符合輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 之一量值之輔助電力供應器之操作模式而將輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 調節為一所需位準。
現參考圖4,繪示在調光模式之啟動期間之DC-DC轉換器15之操作。在啟動之時間TA 之前,電壓VLINK 已增加至輸入線之峰值電壓且尚未開始切換操作。在時間TA 與TB 之間,DC-DC轉換器15之低能量傳輸模式根據窄、非頻繁脈衝(例如,一每50微秒2.5微秒脈衝)充電輸出電壓VAUX 。在時間TB 之後,開始正常操作模式,其中以正常切換速率(例如,每10微秒)執行切換。亦在時間TA 與TB 之間,電壓VLINK 歸因於PFC 14之操作而增加。
現參考圖5,展示在啟動時輔助電力供應器16以磁滯調節之操作。信號mode指示電晶體N10之閘極之狀態。在時間T0 與時間TA 之間,透過電阻器RS1 及電阻器RS2 而提供電力至切換控制器10,如由電力供應器電壓VDDH 所代表,而輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 繪示為零。在實際實施中,該輔助電力供應器輸出可能不與電阻器RS1 及電阻器RS2 隔離且可如電壓VDDH 所指示增加。從時間TA 至時間TB ,輔助電力供應器16保持於該第一「倍增」操作模式中,且因為DC-DC轉換器15之低能量傳輸操作模式之脈衝充電在輔助電力供應器16之輸出處之電容器C2,所以輔助電力供應器輸出電壓VAUX 逐級增加。在時間TB 處,輸出電壓VAUX 達到臨限電壓VTH 加比較器K1之磁滯電壓(最大電壓Vmax ),且磁滯比較器K1之輸出改變以選擇輔助電力供應器16之全波橋式操作模式。直到在時間TC 處達到臨限電壓VTH 減比較器K1之磁滯電壓(最小電壓Vmin )之一電壓時,輸出電壓VAUX 降低,且磁滯比較器K1之輸出改變以再次選擇輔助電力供應器16之倍增操作模式。
現參考圖6,展示根據本發明之一替代性實施例之可替代用於實施圖1之輔助電力供應器16之一輔助電力供應器16A之細節。輔助電力供應器16A類似於圖3之輔助電力供應器16,且因此以下將僅描述它們之間之差異。取代自比較輸出電壓VAUX 與臨限電壓VTH 導出控制信號mode,在輔助電力供應器16A中,使用一比較器K2來比較鏈結電壓VLINK 與另一臨限電壓VTH2 ,該比較器K2判定鏈結電壓量值,其中藉由控制控制信號mode之狀態而中止輔助繞組aux之輸出電壓之倍增。臨限電壓VTH2 可為用於判定DC-DC轉換器15之低能量傳輸模式之選擇之相同臨限電壓,且比較器K2連同控制信號mode可為用於選擇該低能量傳輸模式或相同比較器及控制信號,或可使選擇DC-DC轉換器15之低能量傳輸模式及輔助電力供應器16A之倍壓行為之該臨限電壓及控制信號分離。
雖然本發明已參考較佳實施例而特定展示及描述,但是熟習此項技術者應瞭解,在不偏離本發明之精神及範圍的情況下可對形式及細節作出前述及其他改變。
8...級聯式切換電力轉換器
10...切換控制器
11...電磁干擾(EMI)濾波器
12...整流器
14...電力因數校正器
15...直流至直流轉換器
16...輔助電力供應器
16A...輔助電力供應器
17...交流電力線源
24...控制電路
24A...控制電路
aux...輔助繞組
C1...電容器
C2...電容器
CLINK ...電容器
COUT ...電容器
CRECT ...電容器
D1...二極體
D2...二極體
D3...二極體
D11-D14...二極體
K1...比較器
K2...比較器
L1...電感器
L2...電感器
LED...發光二極體
mode...模式選擇信號
N1...切換電晶體
N2...切換電晶體
N3...切換電晶體
N10...切換電晶體/電晶體
R1...電阻器
RIS ...電阻器
RS1 ...電阻器
RS2 ...電阻器
T0 ...時間
T1...變壓器
TA ...時間
TB ...時間
TC ...時間
VAUX ...電壓
VAUX ...輸出電壓
VDDH ...電源供應器電壓
VLINK ...電壓
VLINK ...電壓
Vmax ...最大電壓
Vmin ...最小電壓
VTH ...臨限電壓
VTH2 ...臨限電壓
圖1為描繪根據本發明之一實施例之一級聯式切換轉換器的一方塊圖;
圖2為描繪圖1之級聯式切換轉換器之若干部分之細節的一簡化示意圖;
圖3為描繪圖1之輔助電力供應器之細節的一示意圖;
圖4為根據本發明之一實施例描繪圖1之級聯式切換轉換器之操作細節的一信號波形圖;
圖5為根據本發明之一實施例描繪圖1之切換轉換器之操作細節的一信號波形圖;及
圖6為根據本發明之一替代性實施例描繪可用於實施圖1之輔助電力供應器16之一替代性輔助電力供應器16A之細節的一示意圖。
8...級聯式切換電力轉換器
10...切換控制器
11...電磁干擾濾波器
12...整流器
14...電力因數校正器
15...直流至直流轉換器
16...輔助電力供應器
17...交流電力線源

Claims (30)

  1. 一種級聯式電力轉換器,其包括:一第一電力切換電路,其具有耦合至一電源之一輸入及耦合至一中間節點之一輸出;及一第二電力切換電路,其具有耦合至該中間節點之一輸入及提供該級聯式電力轉換器之一輸出的一輸出,其中該第二電力切換電路包含一磁耦合元件以將該第二電力切換電路之該輸入耦合至該第一電力切換電路之該輸出,且該磁耦合元件具有一初級繞組及一輔助繞組,其中該第二電力切換電路包含一控制電路,當在該中間節點處之一電壓低於一正常操作電壓時,或當藉由該控制電路停止該第二電力切換電路之正常切換操作而有效停用該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出時,該控制電路使該第二電力切換電路以一低能量傳輸操作模式操作,其中在該低能量傳輸操作模式中,來自該輔助繞組足以操作該控制電路之能量被傳輸至該輔助繞組。
  2. 如請求項1之級聯式電力轉換器,其中在該級聯式電力轉換器之啟動期間,該控制電路以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路,藉此在該中間節點處之電壓達到一穩定狀態值之前在具有耦合至該輔助繞組之一輸入之一輔助電力供應器之一輸出處產生電壓。
  3. 如請求項1之級聯式電力轉換器,其中回應於對停用該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出之一指示,該控制電路以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路,藉此在 該級聯式電力轉換器之輸出處沒有產生大量電流的情況下在該輔助繞組處產生電壓。
  4. 如請求項3之級聯式電力轉換器,其中該級聯式電力轉換器為用於供應一發光二極體照明器之一電力供應器,其中該指示為對使該級聯式電力轉換器置於一調光狀態中之一指示。
  5. 如請求項1之級聯式電力轉換器,其中在該低能量傳輸操作模式中,該第二電力切換電路具有實質上低於在該第二電力切換電路之正常操作期間該第二電力切換電路之一第二脈衝重複速率之一第一脈衝重複速率。
  6. 如請求項5之級聯式電力轉換器,其中在該低能量傳輸操作模式中,該第二電力切換電路具有實質上短於在該第二電力切換電路之正常操作期間該第二電力切換電路之一操作脈衝寬度之一固定脈衝寬度。
  7. 如請求項5之級聯式電力轉換器,其中該第二脈衝重複速率大於或等於該第一脈衝重複速率之五倍。
  8. 如請求項1之級聯式電力轉換器,其中該電源為一交流電源,其中該第一電力切換電路為一電力因數校正器,且其中該第二電力切換電路為一DC-DC轉換器。
  9. 如請求項1之級聯式電力轉換器,其進一步包括一輔助電力供應器電路,該輔助電力供應器電路具有耦合至該輔助繞組之一輸入及提供一輔助電力供應器輸出以供應電力至該控制電路,其中該輔助電力供應器具有一可選擇操作模式,其中在該輔助電力供應器電路之一第一操 作模式中,該輔助電力供應器輸出之一第一電壓大於在一第二操作模式中該輔助電力供應器輸出之一第二電壓。
  10. 如請求項9之級聯式電力轉換器,其中選擇符合該輸出電壓之一量值之該輔助電力供應器電路之操作模式,藉此該輔助電力供應器電路作為一磁滯電壓調節器。
  11. 如請求項9之級聯式電力轉換器,其中選擇符合在該中間節點處之電壓之一量值之該輔助電力供應器電路之該操作模式。
  12. 一種控制一級聯式電力轉換器之方法,該級聯式電力轉換器包括一第一電力切換電路,該第一電力切換電路具有耦合至一電源之一輸入及耦合至一第二電力切換電路之一輸入之一輸出,該方法包括:從該電源提供一電壓至該第二電力切換電路之該輸入;判定在該第二電力切換電路之該輸入處之一中間電壓低於一正常操作電壓,或判定藉由停止該第二電力切換電路之正常切換操作而有效停用該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出,作為可從該第二電力切換電路之一磁耦合元件之一輔助繞組獲得不足以操作該級聯式電力轉換器之控制電路之能量的一指示;回應於該指示,以一低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路,其中透過該輔助繞組傳輸足夠能量以操作該控制電路;及 從跨該輔助繞組之一電壓產生一輔助電力供應器輸出以操作該第一電力切換電路或該第二電力切換電路之至少一者。
  13. 如請求項12之方法,其中在該級聯式電力轉換器之啟動期間,該控制電路以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路,藉此該產生在該中間電壓達到一穩定狀態值之前產生該輔助電力供應器輸出。
  14. 如請求項12之方法,其進一步包括:接收對停用該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出之一指示;及回應於接收對停用該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出之該指示,執行以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路,藉此該產生在該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出處沒有產生大量電流的情況下產生該輔助電力供應器輸出。
  15. 如請求項12之方法,其中以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路控制該第二電力切換電路之切換,使得該第二電力切換電路具有實質上低於在該第二電力切換電路之一正常操作模式期間該第二電力切換電路之一第二脈衝重複速率之一第一脈衝重複速率。
  16. 如請求項12之方法,其中以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路進一步控制該第二電力切換電路之切換,使得該第二電力切換電路具有實質上短於在該第二電力切換電路之一正常操作模式期間該第二電力切換電路之一操作脈衝寬度之一固定窄脈衝寬度。
  17. 如請求項15之方法,其中該第二脈衝重複速率大於或等於該第一脈衝重複速率之五倍。
  18. 如請求項12之方法,其中該電源為一交流電源,其中該第一電力切換電路為一電力因數校正器,且其中該第二電力切換電路為一DC-DC轉換器。
  19. 如請求項12之方法,其進一步包括使用具有一可選擇操作模式之一輔助電力供應器電路來控制在該輔助繞組處之電壓,其中在該輔助電力供應器電路之一第一操作模式中,該輔助電力供應器輸出之一第一電壓大於在一第二操作模式中該輔助電力供應器輸出之一第二電壓。
  20. 如請求項19之方法,其進一步包括選擇符合該輸出電壓之一量值之該輔助電力供應器電路之一操作模式,藉此該輔助電力供應器電路磁滯調節該輸出電壓。
  21. 如請求項19之方法,其進一步包括選擇符合該中間電壓之一量值之該輔助電力供應器電路之一操作模式。
  22. 如請求項12之方法,其中該級聯式電力轉換器為用於供應一發光二極體照明器之一電力供應器,且其中在該級聯式電力轉換器操作於一調光狀態中期間執行以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二電力切換電路。
  23. 一種用於控制一級聯式電力轉換器之積體電路,該積體電路包括:用於操作一電力因數轉換器之一第一切換控制電路,該電力因數轉換器從一交流電源在一中間節點處產生一直流電壓;及 用於操作一DC-DC轉換器之一第二切換控制電路,該DC-DC轉換器具有耦合至該中間節點之一輸入及提供該級聯式電力轉換器之一輸出的一輸出,其中該DC-DC轉換器包含一磁耦合元件以將該DC-DC轉換器之該輸入耦合至該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出,且該磁耦合元件具有一初級繞組及一輔助繞組,其中該第二切換控制電路包含一控制器,當在該中間節點處之一電壓低於一正常操作電壓時,或當藉由該控制器停止該DC-DC轉換器之正常切換操作而有效停用該級聯式電力轉換器之該輸出時,該控制器使該DC-DC轉換器以一低能量傳輸操作模式操作,其中在該低能量傳輸操作模式中,足以操作該控制器之能量被傳輸至該輔助繞組。
  24. 如請求項23之積體電路,其中在該低能量傳輸操作模式中,該第二切換控制電路具有實質上低於在該第二切換控制電路之正常操作期間該第二切換控制電路之一第二脈衝重複速率之一第一脈衝重複速率。
  25. 如請求項24之積體電路,其中在該低能量傳輸操作模式中,該第二切換控制電路具有實質上短於在該DC-DC轉換器之正常操作期間該DC-DC轉換器之一操作脈衝寬度之一固定窄脈衝寬度。
  26. 如請求項24之積體電路,其中該第二脈衝重複速率大於或等於該第一脈衝重複速率之五倍。
  27. 如請求項23之積體電路,其進一步包括一輔助電力供應器電路,該輔助電力供應器電路具有一可選擇操作模式 且具有耦合至該輔助繞組之一輸入及用於供應電力至該控制電路之一輔助電力供應器輸出,其中在該輔助電力供應器電路之一第一操作模式中,該輔助電力供應器輸出之一第一電壓大於當該輔助電力供應器電路處於該第二操作模式中時該輔助電力供應器輸出之一第二電壓。
  28. 如請求項23之積體電路,其中選擇符合該輸出電壓之一量值之該輔助電力供應器電路之一操作模式,藉此該輔助電力供應器電路作為一磁滯電壓調節器。
  29. 如請求項23之積體電路,其中該級聯式電力轉換器為用於供應一發光二極體照明器之一電力供應器,且其中在該級聯式電力轉換器操作於一調光狀態中期間以該低能量傳輸操作模式操作該第二切換控制電路。
  30. 一種級聯式電力轉換器,其包括:以級聯式耦合在一起之多個電力切換級,其中從一輸入電源提供該多個電力切換級之一第一者之一輸入;一輔助電力供應器,其具有耦合至設置於該多個電力切換級之一第二者之一磁耦合元件上之一輔助繞組之一輸入,其中該輸入具有一中間電壓;及一控制電路,其用於以一低能量傳輸操作模式操作該多個電力切換級之該第二者,該低能量傳輸操作模式具有實質上低於該多個電力切換級之該第二者之一正常操作模式之另一切換速率及另一脈衝寬度之一脈衝寬度或一切換速率之至少一者,且其中該控制電路在該等電力切換級之該第一者已開始且該中間電壓達到足以操作該等電力切換級之該第二者之一位準之後以該正常操作模式操作該級聯式電力轉換器。
TW099118799A 2009-06-30 2010-06-09 級聯式電力轉換器及用於控制其之方法及積體電路 TWI495247B (zh)

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