TWI412572B - 發光裝置 - Google Patents
發光裝置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI412572B TWI412572B TW096137897A TW96137897A TWI412572B TW I412572 B TWI412572 B TW I412572B TW 096137897 A TW096137897 A TW 096137897A TW 96137897 A TW96137897 A TW 96137897A TW I412572 B TWI412572 B TW I412572B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- organic light
- composition
- emitting
- fluorescent
- phosphorescent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BCMWCVKBRFBJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru+3].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical group [Ru+3].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 BCMWCVKBRFBJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 perfluoro Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001109 fluorescent polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical group CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZKVZFAZKYFARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C=1N=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Ru].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C=1N=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKVZFAZKYFARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- ROPXFXOUUANXRR-BUHFOSPRSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC ROPXFXOUUANXRR-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002355 dual-layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001114 fluorescent copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005490 tosylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OVTCUIZCVUGJHS-VQHVLOKHSA-N trans-dipyrrin Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1/C=C1\C=CC=N1 OVTCUIZCVUGJHS-VQHVLOKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/124—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/125—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one oxygen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
- C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/02—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1408—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1433—Carbocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1458—Heterocyclic containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1466—Heterocyclic containing nitrogen as the only heteroatom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1483—Heterocyclic containing nitrogen and sulfur as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1491—Heterocyclic containing other combinations of heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於有機發光裝置及係關於用於製造有機發光裝置之組合物。
有機發光裝置(OLED)一般包含一陰極、一陽極及一在陰極與陽極之間的有機發光區域。發光有機材料可包含小分子材料(諸如,US 4539507中所描述)或聚合材料(諸如,PCT/WO90/13148中所描述之聚合材料)。陰極將電子注入至發光區域中且陽極將電洞注入至發光區域中。電子與電洞組合以產生光子。
圖1展示OLED之典型橫截面結構。OLED通常製造於塗佈有諸如氧化銦錫(ITO)層之透明陽極2的玻璃或塑膠基板1上。經ITO塗佈之基板覆蓋有至少一層電致發光有機材料3,且諸如鋇之低功函金屬之陰極材料4視情況塗覆有一鋁覆蓋層(未圖示)。其他層可添加至裝置,例如以改良在電極與電致發光材料之間的電荷傳輸。
已愈來愈關注OLED在顯示器應用中之用途,因為OLED具有優於習知顯示器之潛在優點。OLED具有相對低之運作電壓及功率消耗且可易於加工以產生大面積顯示器。在實際方面,需要生產明亮且運作有效但亦生產可靠且使用穩定之OLED。
OLED亦可用於照明應用,諸如,平板顯示器之背光。在照明應用中尤其關注生產發射白光之OLED。然而,雖然已提議製造能夠產生CIE(Commission Internationale d'Eclairage)座標接近白色之光的OLED,但本申請者並不清楚該等成功製造以用於實際用途之OLED。
US 5,683,823係關於一種具有螢光發射層之電致發光裝置,該螢光發射層包括分散於在藍綠區域發射之螢光主體材料中的螢光紅色發射材料,以便使所產生之光據稱實質上為白色。
US 6,127,693提供一種可發射接近白光之發光二極體(LED)。該裝置之有機發光層含有螢光發藍光之聚(對苯伸乙烯)與螢光發紅光之經烷氧基取代之PPV衍生物的摻合物,使得LED可發射類似日光之微黃色白光。
Chen等人在Polymer Preprints,41,835(2000)中描述聲稱發射白光之發光二極體。描述雙層裝置,其包括與藉由電荷收集來發射紅光之交聯電洞傳輸層相鄰的摻雜藍綠色聚合物層。藍/綠色層由摻雜有綠色螢光染料吡咯甲川546(pyrromethene 546,Py546)之9,9-雙(2'-乙基己基)-聚茀(DEHF)組成。需要存在綠色摻雜劑染料以實現報導為藍色、綠色及紅色之三個相異發射之組合的白色發射。
據稱US 2005/013289提供一種白色有機發光裝置。將具有藍色發光性質之主體與具有橙色及紅色發光性質中之一者之客體摻雜至發射層中。具有綠色發光性質之材料包括於電子傳輸層中。
EP 1434284係關於白色發光有機電致發光裝置。該等裝置包括至少兩種有機電致發光(EL)材料及至少一種光致發光(PL)材料。揭示藍色及紅色EL材料與綠色PL材料之組合產生白光。
Gong等人在Advanced Materials,17,2053-2058(2005)中揭示多層白色發光PLED,其藉由使用發光半導體聚合物與有機金屬錯合物之摻合物作為發射層來製造。摻合物包含藍色螢光聚合物、綠色螢光聚合物及紅色磷光有機金屬錯合物。
概括上文而言,已知試圖藉由將藍色及紅色發射體混合來產生白光且視情況包括綠色發射體。
然而,需要一種足夠穩定且以有效程度操作之有機發光裝置,其適於實際用作照明應用之白光來源。
本發明者已發現含有螢光紅色發射材料及螢光藍色發射材料之裝置在裝置壽命期間顏色朝藍色區域偏移。本發明者已進一步發現含有磷光紅色發射材料及螢光藍色發射材料之裝置在裝置壽命期間顏色朝紅色區域偏移。雖然不受理論束縛,但假定在此等裝置壽命期間螢光紅色材料之光致發光效率相對於藍色材料之光致發光效率減少,而在此等裝置壽命期間磷光紅色材料之光致發光效率相對於藍色材料之光致發光效率增加。亦假定在紅色材料與藍色材料之間的能量傳遞(例如,藉由Frster轉移)速率之變化可能對此等觀測結果有貢獻。顯而易見,需要具有發射顏色在裝置壽命期間不顯著偏移的裝置。
本發明者已藉由提供螢光及磷光紅色材料與藍色發射材料一起提供之裝置來解決上述問題。該裝置能夠發射在裝置壽命期間不顯著色移之穩定白光。在裝置壽命期間,由螢光紅色材料發射之紅光比例相對於由磷光紅色材料發射之紅光比例減小。兩個分量互相補償且裝置之總發射光譜保持相對穩定,其中紅光及藍光之總比例保持穩定。
本發明者已認識到,上述白色發射裝置之原理可更普遍地應用於顏色穩定性為問題之任何有機發光裝置。特定而言,螢光及磷光材料之不同穩定性性質可用以在裝置壽命期間彼此彌補以獲得在有機發光裝置壽命期間更穩定之總發射光譜。
考慮到上文,根據本發明,提供一種用於有機發光裝置之組合物,該組合物包含螢光有機發光材料及同色之磷光有機發光材料。
雖然本發明者清楚包含螢光有機發光材料及不同顏色之磷光有機發光材料之組合物為已知的,但本發明者清楚尚無人在有機發光裝置中使用螢光有機發光材料及同色之磷光有機發光材料。實際上,迄今認為提供兩種具有相同顏色之不同材料係不必要的。
然而,本發明者對螢光及磷光材料在有機發光裝置壽命期間之發射特徵的研究已展示提供螢光有機發光材料及同色之磷光有機發光材料有利於增強此等裝置之顏色穩定性。
"同色"意謂(例如)材料均為紅色電致發光材料、均為黃色電致發光材料、均為綠色電致發光材料或均為藍色電致發光材料。假定藍色電致發光材料一般為螢光,較佳地,材料均為紅色電致發光材料、均為黃色電致發光材料或均為綠色電致發光材料。最佳地,材料均為紅色電致發光材料。已發現螢光及磷光紅色發射材料尤其適用於在裝置壽命期間顏色更穩定之白色發射裝置。或者,在(例如)包含藍色電致發光材料之白色發射組合物中,材料可均為黃色電致發光材料。
"紅色電致發光材料"意謂藉由電致發光發射具有在600至750 nm,較佳600至700 nm,更佳610至650 nm範圍內之波長且最佳具有約650至660 nm之發射主峰的輻射之有機材料。為達成本發明之目的,紅色發射可界定為具有大於或等於0.4,較佳0.64之CIE x座標及小於或等於0.4,較佳0.33之CIE y座標的光。
"綠色電致發光材料"意謂藉由電致發光發射具有在510至580 nm,較佳510至570 nm範圍內之波長之輻射的有機材料。
"藍色電致發光材料"意謂藉由電致發光發射具有在400至500 nm,較佳430至500 nm範圍內之波長之輻射的有機材料。為達成本發明之目的,藍色發射可界定為具有小於或等於0.25,更佳小於或等於0.2之CIE x座標及小於或等於0.25,更佳小於或等於0.2之CIE y座標的光。
白光較佳為CIE x座標等於由黑體在3000至9000K下發射之光之CIE x座標且CIE y座標與由黑體發射之該光之CIE y座標相差不超過0.05的光。"純"白光具有CIE座標0.33,0.33。
較佳地,螢光材料及磷光材料之發射光譜中的主峰重疊。更佳地,在此兩種材料之發射光譜中主峰之半峰全幅值(FWHM)重疊。更佳地,在兩種材料之發射光譜中主峰之峰值波長彼此相差不超過40 nm、彼此相差不超過20 nm,或最佳彼此相差不超過10 nm。
根據本發明之一實施例,組合物包含具有不同顏色發射之另一有機發光材料。另一有機發光材料可為螢光材料,諸如,藍色螢光材料。已發現藍色螢光材料與螢光及磷光紅色材料之組合係適用於形成具有良好顏色穩定性之白色發射裝置。然而,設想可提供利用本發明概念之其他材料組合。舉例而言,有可能產生包含具有第一種顏色之螢光及磷光材料、具有不同於第一種顏色之第二種顏色之螢光及磷光材料及另一發光材料的顏色穩定裝置。該裝置可為包含螢光及磷光紅色材料、螢光及磷光綠色材料及螢光藍色材料的白色發射裝置。此處,說明紅色與綠色材料之顏色穩定性。
可期望自磷光材料之發射將以同色之螢光材料來淬火。然而,已驚人地發現情況並非如此。較佳地,在組合物中以低濃度提供同色之磷光及螢光材料,例如,相對於另一發光材料少於5 mol%,更佳少於1 mol%。已假定藉由相對於藍色發光材料提供低濃度之紅色或黃色磷光及紅色或黃色螢光材料顏色,淬滅之問題得以減輕或消除,因為組合物之主要組份為藍色發光材料,其具有比紅色磷光材料高的三重態能量。
在螢光或磷光材料在聚合物中以重複單元形式提供之狀況下,材料之莫耳百分比為重複單元相對於組合物內所有其他單元(聚合或非聚合)之莫耳數。
組合物中材料可以共同摻合於混合物中之單獨材料之形式來提供。或者,組合物中材料可彼此化學結合。在一特定之較佳配置中,材料共同化學結合於共聚物中。舉例而言,可提供白色發射共聚物,其包含螢光紅色發射單元、磷光紅色發射單元及螢光藍色發射單元。在組合物中摻合材料及化學結合材料之組合亦為可能的。舉例而言,組合物可包含包括螢光紅色發射單元及螢光藍色發射單元之共聚物,將該共聚物與磷光紅色發射材料摻合以提供白色發射混合物。
其他非發射材料可提供於組合物中,諸如,有機電洞傳輸材料及/或有機電子傳輸材料。或者或另外,發射材料中之一或多者可為電洞傳輸及/或電子傳輸材料。較佳地,組合物包含發射共聚物,該發射共聚物除包含發射重複單元外還包含電洞傳輸及/或電子傳輸重複單元。
較佳地,組合物中材料為溶液可處理的且組合物包含材料溶解或安置於其中呈分散形式的溶劑。因此,可利用溶液處理方法來沈積組合物。本發明之組合物可藉由任何溶液處理方法來沈積,例如,噴墨印刷、旋塗、浸塗、輥式印刷或絲網印刷。
組合物中材料中之一或多者可為可交聯的。在該配置中,可藉由沈積組合物且接著使材料中之一或多者交聯以形成更穩固及穩定之交聯層來製備有機發光裝置。
在一配置中,組合物中材料中之一或多者為選擇***聯的,以使可藉由在沈積組合物後選擇性地交聯來形成穿插或半穿插網路。根據一實施例,組合物包含兩種聚合物。若聚合物中之僅一者交聯,另一者例如為簡單線性非官能化聚合物,其以與相分離聚集體相反之連續相形式安置通過交聯基質,則形成半穿插網路。或者,兩種聚合物可選擇性地交聯,提供第一交聯基質,該第一交聯基質以連續相形式安置通過第二交聯基質,藉此第一交聯基質與第二交聯基質提供穿插網路。在該等配置中兩種聚合物之間很少交聯或不交聯。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種有機發光裝置,其包含:一陽極;一陰極;及一在陽極與陰極之間的有機發光區域,該區域包含螢光有機發光材料及同色之磷光有機發光材料。
螢光有機發光材料及同色之磷光有機發光材料可提供於獨立層或同一層中,較佳同一層中。
有機發光裝置可用於平板顯示器以及其他照明應用之背光,特定而言用作周邊照明之來源。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種有機發光裝置,其發射在自有機發光裝置之發射在驅動期間下降至其原始亮度之一半之時間內色移小於0.02 CIE座標之白光。亦即,自有機發光裝置之發射保持在CIE圖上具有0.02 CIE座標之半徑及以CIE圖之白色區域為中心的圓內。更佳地,圓半徑小於0.015 CIE座標,最佳小於0.013 CIE座標。
裝置通常包含三個發射分量系統,使得不存在其他發射材料。舉例而言,裝置可包含紅色螢光材料、紅色磷光材料及藍色電致發光材料。
較佳地,藍色電致發光材料包含藍色電致發光聚合物,更佳為共軛聚合物,通常為共聚物。較佳地,聚合物為溶液可處理的。較佳地,藍色電致發光材料為螢光。
藍色電致發光材料較佳為半導體聚合物且可包含三芳基胺重複單元。特定而言較佳之三芳基胺重複單元展示於式1至6:
其中X、Y、A、B、C及D獨立地選自H或取代基。更佳地,X、Y、A、B、C及D中之一或多者獨立地選自由下列各基組成之群:視情況經取代之支鏈或直鏈烷基、芳基、全氟烷基、硫烷基、氰基、烷氧基、雜芳基、烷芳基及芳烷基。X、Y、A及B最佳為C1-10
烷基。重複單元1至6中之任兩個苯基可藉由直接鍵或藉由二價部分,較佳雜原子,更佳O或S來鍵聯。
較佳地,紅色螢光材料包含紅色電致發光聚合物,更佳為共軛聚合物,通常為共聚物。較佳地,聚合物為溶液可處理的。
較佳紅色螢光材料包括聚合物,該等聚合物包含式(8)之視情況經取代之重複單元:
其中X1
、Y1
及Z1
各自獨立為O、S、CR2
、SiR2
或NR,更佳為O或S,最佳為S,且各R獨立為烷基、芳基或H。式(8)之重複單元之較佳取代基為C1-20
烷基,其可能存在於式(8)之重複單元之環中之一或多者上。
在式(8)之重複單元經取代之狀況下,取代較佳包含一或多個選自由下列各基組成之群之取代基:烷基、烷氧基及視情況經取代之芳基或雜芳基。
更佳地,紅色螢光材料為包含式(8)之視情況經取代之重複單元及電子傳輸及/或電洞傳輸重複單元之共聚物。特定而言較佳之電子傳輸重複單元包含視情況經取代之2,7-鍵聯之茀,最佳為式(7)之重複單元:
其中R1
及R2
獨立地選自氫或視情況經取代之烷基、烷氧基、芳基、芳烷基、雜芳基及雜芳烷基。更佳地,R1
及R2
中之至少一者包含視情況經取代之C4
-C20
烷基或芳基。
紅色螢光共聚物中特定而言較佳之電洞傳輸重複單元包含式1至6之三芳基胺重複單元。
示範性紅色磷光材料可為包含由三個視情況經取代之雙牙配位體圍繞之金屬(M)的金屬錯合物。該紅色磷光材料之實例為參(苯基異喹啉)銥(III)。金屬錯合物可經諸如烷基或烷氧基之增溶取代基取代。紅色磷光材料可形成由一或多個樹突圍繞之樹狀體核心。較佳地,樹突共軛。較佳地,樹突包含用於溶解樹狀體之表面基團。特定而言較佳之樹突揭示於WO 02/066552中。紅色磷光材料亦可以聚合物中重複單元及/或封端基團之形式提供。在以重複單元形式提供之狀況下,紅色磷光材料可以聚合物主鏈中重複單元之形式或以側接於主鏈之取代基之形式來提供。
包含電洞傳輸材料之電洞傳輸層可存在於陽極與有機發光區域之間。用於電洞傳輸材料之合適之材料包括電洞傳輸聚合物,特定而言包含三芳基胺重複單元之聚合物。較佳三芳基胺重複單元包括具有通式1至6之三芳基胺重複單元。
特定而言較佳之此類型電洞傳輸聚合物為茀重複單元與三芳基胺重複單元之AB共聚物。
參看圖1,根據本發明之電致發光裝置之架構包含一透明玻璃或塑膠基板1、一氧化銦錫陽極2及一陰極4。有機發光區域3提供於陽極2與陰極4之間。
其他層可位於陽極2與陰極3之間,諸如,電荷傳輸層、電荷注入層及/或電荷阻斷層。
特定而言,需要提供一由摻雜有機材料形成之傳導性電洞注入層,其位於陽極2與電致發光層3之間以有助於將電洞自陽極注入至半導體聚合物層中。摻雜有機電洞注入材料之實例包括聚(乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDT),特定而言如EP 0901176及EP 0947123中揭示之摻雜有聚苯乙烯磺酸鹽(PSS)之PEDT或如US 5723873及US 5798170中揭示之聚苯胺。
位於陽極2與電致發光層3之間的電洞傳輸層若存在,則較佳具有小於或等於5.5 eV,更佳約4.8至5.5 eV之HOMO能階。
位於電致發光層3與陰極4之間的電子傳輸層若存在,則較佳具有約3至3.5 eV之LUMO能階。
有機發光區域3包含螢光有機發光材料及同色之磷光有機發光材料。
陰極4係選自具有使電子注入至有機發光區域中之功函的材料。其他因素影響陰極之選擇,諸如,在陰極與有機發光區域之間的不利相互作用的可能性。陰極可由單一材料組成,諸如,鋁層。或者,陰極可包含複數種金屬,例如,如WO 98/10621中揭示之鈣及鋁之雙層、WO 98/57381,Appl.Phys.Lett.2002,81(4),634及WO 02/84759中揭示之元素鋇,或包含介電材料之薄層以有助於電子注入,例如,WO 00/48258中揭示之氟化鋰、Appl.Phys.Lett.2001,79(5),2001中揭示之氟化鋇。為將電子有效地注入至裝置中,陰極較佳具有少於3.5 eV,更佳少於3.2 eV,最佳少於3 eV之功函。
光學裝置易於對濕氣及氧敏感。因此,基板較佳具有良好障壁性質以防止濕氣及氧進入裝置。基板通常為玻璃,然而特定而言在需要裝置可撓性之狀況下,可使用其他基板。舉例而言,基板可包含如US 6268695中之塑膠,US 6268695揭示一種具交替之塑膠層及障壁層之基板;或如EP 0949850中揭示之薄玻璃及塑膠之層壓物。
裝置較佳經囊封劑(未圖示)囊封以防止濕氣及氧進入。合適之囊封劑包括玻璃片、具有合適障壁性質之薄膜,諸如,如(例如)WO 01/81649中揭示之聚合物與介電質之交替堆疊或如(例如)WO 01/19142中揭示之氣密容器。用於吸收可穿透基板或囊封劑之任何大氣濕氣及/或氧之吸氣材料可安置於基板與囊封劑之間。
在實際裝置中,電極中之至少一者為半透明,以使得可吸收(在光敏裝置之狀況下)或發射(在OLED之狀況下)光。在陽極為透明之情況下,陽極通常包含氧化銦錫。透明陰極之實例揭示於例如GB 2348316中。
圖1之實施例說明一裝置,其中藉由首先在基板上形成陽極接著沈積電致發光層及陰極而形成該裝置,然而,應瞭解本發明之裝置亦可藉由首先在基板上形成陰極接著沈積電致發光層及陽極而形成。
用於製備本發明之實施例之聚合物的較佳方法為如(例如)WO 00/53656中所述之鈴木聚合(Suzuki polymerisation)及如(例如)T.Yamamoto,"Electrically Conducting And Thermally Stable π-Conjugated Poly(arylene)s Prepared by Organometallic Processes",Progress in Polymer Science 1993,17,1153-1205中所述之山本聚合(Yamamoto polymerisation)。此等聚合技術均經由"金屬***"而操作,其中金屬錯合物催化劑之金屬原子係***於單體之芳基與離去基之間。在山本聚合之狀況下,使用鎳錯合物催化劑;在鈴木聚合之狀況下,使用鈀錯合物催化劑。
舉例而言,在藉由山本聚合合成直鏈聚合物時,使用具有兩個反應鹵基之單體。類似地,根據鈴木聚合之方法,至少一個反應基為硼衍生基團,諸如,酸或酸酯,且另一反應基為鹵素。較佳鹵素為氯、溴及碘,最佳為溴。
因此,應瞭解如整個本申請案所說明般,包含芳基之重複單元及端基可衍生自帶有合適離去基之單體。
鈴木聚合可用於製備區位規則、嵌段及無規共聚物。特定而言,當一個反應基為鹵素且另一反應基為硼衍生基團時,可製備均聚物或無規共聚物。或者,當第一單體之兩個反應基均為硼且第二單體之兩個反應基均為鹵素時,可製備嵌段或區位規則共聚物,特定而言AB共聚物。
作為鹵化物之替代物,能夠參與金屬***之其他離去基包括甲苯磺酸酯基、甲磺酸酯基及三氟甲磺酸酯基。
可自溶液沈積單個聚合物或複數個聚合物以形成一層。聚伸芳基(特定而言聚茀)之合適溶劑包括單-烷基苯或聚-烷基苯,諸如,甲苯及二甲苯。尤其較佳之溶液沈積技術為旋塗及噴墨印刷。
旋塗尤其適於不需要圖案化電致發光材料之裝置,例如,照明應用或簡單單色分段顯示器。
噴墨印刷尤其適於高資訊內容顯示器,特定而言全彩顯示器。OLED之噴墨印刷係描述於例如EP 0880303中。
若裝置之多層係藉由溶液處理而形成,則熟習此項技術者應瞭解防止相鄰層相互混合之技術,例如,藉由在沈積一隨後層之前交聯一層或選擇相鄰層之材料以使形成此等層中之第一層的材料不溶於用以沈積第二層之溶劑。
包含式4之螢光藍色發射之三芳基胺重複單元及式8之螢光紅色發射之重複單元的白色發射聚合物藉由如WO 00/53656中所述之鈴木聚合來製備。
包含參(苯基異喹啉)銥(III)之紅色磷光樹狀體材料如WO 02/066552中所述來製備。
藉由旋塗法,將自H C Starck(Leverkusen,Germany)以Baytron P獲得之聚(乙烯二氧噻吩)/聚(苯乙烯磺酸鹽)(PEDT/PSS)沈積在支撐於玻璃基板(得自Applied Films,Colorado,USA)上之氧化銦錫上。藉由旋塗法,自二甲苯溶液將電洞傳輸層沈積在PEDT/PSS層上,達約10 nm之厚度且在180℃下加熱1小時。藉由旋塗法,自二甲苯溶液將上述螢光聚合物與磷光樹狀體之摻合物沈積在F8-TFB層上,達約65 nm之厚度。藉由在半導體聚合物上蒸發第一鋇層至高達約10 nm之厚度及第二鋁層至約100 nm之厚度,在聚合物上形成Ba/Al陰極。最終,使用含有吸氣劑之置放在裝置上且膠合至基板上之金屬外殼來密封裝置。
用脈衝驅動裝置且量測亮度直至值下降至其原始強度一半。在開始時及驅動之後當亮度下降至其初始值一半時量測發射光譜。
下表1中給出結果。第一條目"螢光紅色"係針對包含白色發射聚合物之比較實例,亦即,其中所有紅色發射為螢光發射。第二條目"螢光+磷光紅色"係針對包含螢光白色發射聚合物與磷光紅色材料之摻合物的實例。
可見,當包括磷光材料時,裝置壽命無顯著變化。然而,發射光譜存在顯著差異,因為僅包括白色發射材料之裝置之顏色在驅動時顯著改變,而另外包括磷光紅色材料之裝置之顏色在驅動時未改變很多。
圖2展示包含螢光白色發射材料之裝置在驅動期間發射光譜如何改變。圖3展示包含紅色磷光材料之裝置在驅動期間發射光譜如何改變。各光譜中之頂線為未驅動裝置之發射光譜,而各光譜中之底線為驅動之後當亮度為其初始值一半時裝置之發射光譜。
可見,對僅包含螢光白色發射材料之裝置而言紅色區域中發射強度相對於藍色區域中發射強度顯著減小,從而導致裝置之顏色藍移。然而,對另外包含磷光紅色發射體之裝置而言紅色區域之發射強度相對於藍色區域之發射強度保持近似相同,且因此裝置之顏色未顯著改變。
因此,結果表明提供有機螢光及同色之磷光材料有利於產生在裝置壽命期間具有良好顏色穩定性之有機發光裝置。
雖然已參考本發明之較佳實施例來特別說明及描述本發明,但熟習此項技術者應瞭解在不偏離如隨附申請專利範圍所界定之本發明之範疇下可在形式及細節上作出多種改變。
1...基板
2...陽極
3...有機發光區域
4...陰極
圖1展示OLED之典型橫截面;圖2展示包含紅色螢光材料及藍色螢光材料之裝置在驅動期間發射光譜如何改變;及圖3展示包含紅色螢光材料、紅色磷光材料及藍色螢光材料之裝置在驅動期間發射光譜如何改變。
1...基板
2...陽極
3...有機發光區域
4...陰極
Claims (18)
- 一種用於一有機發光裝置之白光發射組合物,該組合物包含一螢光有機發光材料及一同色之磷光有機發光材料,其中該組合物進一步包含具有與螢光有機發光材料及磷光有機發光材料不同顏色之另一有機發光材料,且其中該螢光有機發光材料及該磷光有機發光材料以相對於該另一有機發光材料之少於5 wt%的濃度提供於該組合物中。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該螢光有機發光材料為一聚合物。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該螢光有機發光材料為一螢光紅色發射材料。
- 如請求項2之組合物,其中該螢光有機發光材料為一螢光紅色發射材料。
- 如請求項3之組合物,其中該螢光紅色發射材料包含一聚合物,該聚合物包含式(8)之視情況經取代之重複單元:
- 如請求項4之組合物,其中該螢光紅色發射材料包含一聚合物,該聚合物包含式(8)之視情況經取代之重複單元:
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該磷光有機發光材料為一有機金屬錯合物。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該磷光有機發光材料為一磷光紅色發射材料。
- 如請求項8之組合物,其中該磷光紅色發射材料為經一或多個增溶基團取代之參(苯基異喹啉)銥(III)。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該螢光有機發光材料及該磷光有機發光材料係以共同摻合於一混合物中之單獨材料形式提供或彼此化學結合。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該另一有機發光材料係以與該螢光有機發光材料及該同色之磷光有機發光材料共同摻合於一混合物中之一單獨材料形式提供或化學結合至該螢光有機發光材料及該同色之磷光有機發光材料中之一或兩者。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該另一有機發光材料為一藍色螢光材料。
- 如請求項12之組合物,其中該藍色螢光材料包含一聚合物,該聚合物包含式1至6中之任何一或多者之視情況經取代之重複單元:
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該白色發射組合物具有一等於由一黑體在3000至9000K下發射之光之CIE x座標的CIE x座標及與由一黑體發射之該光之CIE y座標相差不超過0.05的CIE y座標。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含一有機 電洞傳輸材料及/或一有機電子傳輸材料。
- 一種有機發光裝置,其包含:一陽極;一陰極;及一在該陽極與該陰極之間的有機發光區域,該區域包含如請求項1至15中任一項之組合物。
- 請求項16之有機發光裝置,其能夠發射在該有機發光裝置之發射在驅動期間下降至其原始亮度之一半之時間內,色移小於0.02 CIE座標之白光。
- 如請求項17之有機發光裝置,在該有機發光裝置之發射在驅動期間下降至其原始亮度之一半之時間內,該色移小於0.015 CIE座標,最佳小於0.013 CIE座標。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0620046A GB2442724B (en) | 2006-10-10 | 2006-10-10 | Light emissive device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200823275A TW200823275A (en) | 2008-06-01 |
TWI412572B true TWI412572B (zh) | 2013-10-21 |
Family
ID=37491223
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW096137897A TWI412572B (zh) | 2006-10-10 | 2007-10-09 | 發光裝置 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100096978A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2076581A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5610382B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20090074795A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101535445B (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2442724B (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI412572B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008043979A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2456788B (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2011-03-09 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | White light emitting material |
US8093797B2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2012-01-10 | Mflex Uk Limited | Electroluminescent displays |
GB2462410B (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2011-04-27 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Compositions and methods for manufacturing light-emissive devices |
JP2010114070A (ja) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-05-20 | Canon Inc | 白色有機el素子 |
JP5760415B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-09 | 2015-08-12 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
GB201108865D0 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-07-06 | Ct For Process Innovation The Ltd | Semiconductor compounds |
GB201108864D0 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-07-06 | Ct For Process Innovation The Ltd | Transistors and methods of making them |
GB201200823D0 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-02-29 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Electroluminescence |
WO2013151130A1 (ja) | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 |
EP2980876B1 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2019-05-08 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Organic electroluminescent element, lighting device and display device |
JP6651459B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2020-02-19 | メルク パテント ゲーエムベーハー | 白色発光 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006067508A1 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-29 | Cdt Oxford Limited | Light emissive device |
Family Cites Families (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4539507A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-09-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic electroluminescent devices having improved power conversion efficiencies |
US5150006A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1992-09-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Blue emitting internal junction organic electroluminescent device (II) |
US5432014A (en) * | 1991-11-28 | 1995-07-11 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent element and a method for producing the same |
GB9215929D0 (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1992-09-09 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Electroluminescent devices |
US5723873A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Yang; Yang | Bilayer composite electrodes for diodes |
DE69526614T2 (de) * | 1994-09-12 | 2002-09-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Lichtemittierende Vorrichtungen die Organometallische Komplexe enthalten. |
DE4436773A1 (de) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-04-18 | Hoechst Ag | Konjugierte Polymere mit Spirozentren und ihre Verwendung als Elektrolumineszenzmaterialien |
US5683823A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-11-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | White light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices |
US5798170A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-08-25 | Uniax Corporation | Long operating life for polymer light-emitting diodes |
JP4112007B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-04 | 2008-07-02 | デュポン ディスプレイズ, インコーポレイテッド | フォトルミネセンスおよびエレクトロルミネセンス用材料としてのポリフルオレン |
US6127693A (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-10-03 | National Science Council Of Republic Of China | Light emitting diode with blue light and red light emitting polymers |
GB2340304A (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2000-02-16 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Organic light emitters |
US6268695B1 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2001-07-31 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Environmental barrier material for organic light emitting device and method of making |
DE69924155T2 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2006-04-13 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc., Midland | Fluoren-copolymere und daraus hergestellte vorrichtungen |
US6310360B1 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-10-30 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Intersystem crossing agents for efficient utilization of excitons in organic light emitting devices |
EP1243034A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2002-09-25 | Plastic Logic Limited | Solution processed devices |
KR20010104215A (ko) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-24 | 야마자끼 순페이 | 발광장치 제작방법 |
US6939624B2 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2005-09-06 | Universal Display Corporation | Organometallic compounds and emission-shifting organic electrophosphorescence |
WO2002045466A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Element luminescent et ecran |
KR100825182B1 (ko) * | 2000-11-30 | 2008-04-24 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 발광 소자 및 표시 장치 |
US6693295B2 (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2004-02-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Indole derivative, material for light-emitting device and light-emitting device using the same |
EP1370599B1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2007-08-29 | Cambridge Display Technology Limited | (partially) conjugated polymer, process for its preparation and use in electroluminescent devices |
DE10109027A1 (de) * | 2001-02-24 | 2002-09-05 | Covion Organic Semiconductors | Rhodium- und Iridium-Komplexe |
JP4048810B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-27 | 2008-02-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子発光体およびそれを用いた高分子発光素子 |
BR0208678A (pt) * | 2001-04-05 | 2004-03-30 | Sankyo Co | Composto, composição farmacêutica, uso de um composto |
JP4035372B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2008-01-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 発光素子 |
US6855438B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2005-02-15 | Konica Corporation | Organic electroluminescent element and full color display |
WO2003013192A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | The Ohio State University | Methods for fabricating polymer light emitting devices by lamination |
DE10143353A1 (de) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-20 | Covion Organic Semiconductors | Konjugierte Polymere enthaltend Spirobifluoren-Einheiten und deren Verwendung |
KR100543837B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-04 | 2006-01-23 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 고분자 화합물 및 유기 발광 소자 |
JP3864413B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-22 | 2006-12-27 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | トランジスタの製造方法 |
WO2003102109A1 (de) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-11 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Phosphoreszierende und lumineszierende konjugierte polymere und deren anwendung in elektrolumineszierenden anordnungen |
US6916902B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-07-12 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Tricyclic arylamine containing polymers and electronic devices therefrom |
JP3966283B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-28 | 2007-08-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 発光体とその製造方法及び製造装置、電気光学装置並びに電子機器 |
US6967062B2 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2005-11-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | White light-emitting OLED device having a blue light-emitting layer doped with an electron-transporting or a hole-transporting material or both |
TW591566B (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-06-11 | Ritdisplay Corp | Full color display panel and color-separating substrate thereof |
TW591567B (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-06-11 | Ritdisplay Corp | Full color display panel with mirror function |
JP4114563B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-14 | 2008-07-09 | 村田機械株式会社 | Ip通信装置 |
DE10337346A1 (de) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-31 | Covion Organic Semiconductors Gmbh | Konjugierte Polymere enthaltend Dihydrophenanthren-Einheiten und deren Verwendung |
US7830085B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2010-11-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | White electrophosphorescence from semiconducting polymer blends |
JP2005285470A (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
CN101002506B (zh) * | 2004-03-31 | 2014-06-25 | E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 | 用作电荷传输物质的三芳胺化合物 |
CN100495761C (zh) * | 2004-06-03 | 2009-06-03 | 清华大学 | 一种有机电致白光器件及其制备方法 |
JP5194353B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-17 | 2013-05-08 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用カラーフィルタ基板 |
JP2007335590A (ja) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-27 | Nippon Seiki Co Ltd | 有機el素子 |
-
2006
- 2006-10-10 GB GB0620046A patent/GB2442724B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-10-03 KR KR1020097009249A patent/KR20090074795A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-10-03 WO PCT/GB2007/003746 patent/WO2008043979A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-03 US US12/444,170 patent/US20100096978A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-03 JP JP2009531893A patent/JP5610382B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-03 EP EP07824002A patent/EP2076581A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-03 CN CN2007800423095A patent/CN101535445B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-09 TW TW096137897A patent/TWI412572B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006067508A1 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-29 | Cdt Oxford Limited | Light emissive device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2442724A (en) | 2008-04-16 |
JP2010506416A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
CN101535445B (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
KR20090074795A (ko) | 2009-07-07 |
JP5610382B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
GB2442724B (en) | 2009-10-21 |
WO2008043979A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
GB0620046D0 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
CN101535445A (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
US20100096978A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
EP2076581A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
TW200823275A (en) | 2008-06-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI412572B (zh) | 發光裝置 | |
TWI575054B (zh) | 有機發光組合物,裝置及方法 | |
US9179518B2 (en) | Light emissive device | |
TWI547542B (zh) | 白光發射材料 | |
KR101632087B1 (ko) | 유기발광소자 | |
JP6225120B2 (ja) | ポリマー | |
EP1604410A2 (en) | Electroluminescent device | |
JP2008525957A5 (zh) | ||
KR20110043791A (ko) | 발광 물질 및 소자 | |
US9136477B2 (en) | Light emissive device | |
JP2018513224A (ja) | 燐光性インク | |
JP5812302B2 (ja) | 有機発光デバイスおよび方法 | |
KR102466243B1 (ko) | 유기 발광 조성물, 소자 및 방법 | |
WO2009093025A1 (en) | Pulsed driven light emissive device and composition therefor | |
JP5732041B2 (ja) | モノマー、重合法およびポリマー | |
JP5274448B2 (ja) | 光電気ポリマー及び装置 | |
EP1829129B1 (en) | Light emissive device | |
GB2539507A (en) | Light emitting composition and device | |
JP2009535795A5 (zh) | ||
WO2015044656A1 (en) | Polymer and organic light emitting device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |