TWI354840B - Ips mode liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Ips mode liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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TWI354840B
TWI354840B TW093123866A TW93123866A TWI354840B TW I354840 B TWI354840 B TW I354840B TW 093123866 A TW093123866 A TW 093123866A TW 93123866 A TW93123866 A TW 93123866A TW I354840 B TWI354840 B TW I354840B
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liquid crystal
film
group
display device
phase difference
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TW093123866A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW200512494A (en
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Mitsuyoshi Ichihashi
Shinichi Morishima
Hiroshi Takeuchi
Yuta Takahashi
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Fujifilm Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Description

1354840 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種液晶顯示裝置，尤其關於一種面板內 切換模式的液晶顯示裝置，藉由對於配向於水平方向的液晶 分子，施加橫向電場而進行顯示。 【先前技術】 液晶顯示裝置廣泛採用之方式係於二片垂直的偏光板 之間，夾住使向列型液晶予以扭曲配置的液晶層，垂直於基 板之方向施加電場，即所謂之TN模式。以此方式，由於顯 示黑色時，液晶將直立於基板上，若從斜向看去，因液晶分 子造成的複折射將發生而導致漏光。針對此問題，藉由使用 液晶分子已混合配向之薄膜，進行液晶胞之光學補償而防止 此漏光的方式已被實用化。然而，即使使用液晶性分子，極 難完全無問題地進行液晶胞之光學補償，產生無法抑制影像 下方之調變反轉。 爲了解決相關之問題，有人提出一種已實用化之垂直配 向（VA )模式，對液晶施加橫向電壓，所謂因面板內切換 (IPS)模式製成的液晶顯示裝置，或是藉由將介電率異方 向性爲負的液晶予以垂直配向而形成於面板內之突起或因 狹縫而進行垂直配向的垂直配向（VA)模式。近年來，此 等面板並不局限於監測用途，正積極朝向TV用途之開發， 伴隨著畫面亮度之大幅提升。因此，藉由此等動作模式，習 知問題已不復存，但明顯存在於黑色顯示時之對角斜向入射 方向的微量漏光，成爲顯像品質降低之原因。 1354840 IPS模式液晶胞用光學補償片方面，必須使用數層薄膜，其 結果，光學補償片之厚度將增加，不利於顯示裝置之薄型 化。另外，對於拉伸薄膜之疊層，由於使用黏接層’將有因 溫濕度變化，黏接層造成收縮而發生薄膜間之剝離或翹起之 類的不良現象。 本發明有鑑於該諸問題，目的在於提供一種IPS型液晶 顯示裝置，利用簡易的構造，明顯改善顯示品質與視野角。 本發明之目的係藉由下列（1)〜（10)之液晶顯示裝 置而達到。 (1)—種液晶顯示裝置，依照第1偏光膜 '由連接於該第 1偏光膜之第1相位差區域與連接於該第1相位差區域之第 2相位差區域而成的光學補償膜、第1基板、由液晶材料而 成的液晶層與第2基板之順序進行配置，於黑色顯示時，該 液晶材料之液晶分子平行於該一對基板之表面而進行配 向，及其特徵爲： 使用面內之折射率nx與ny( nx^ny )、厚度方向之折 射率nz與薄膜之厚度d，BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device in a panel switching mode, by applying a transverse electric field to liquid crystal molecules aligned in a horizontal direction. display. [Prior Art] A liquid crystal display device is widely used in a manner in which a liquid crystal layer which distorts a nematic liquid crystal is sandwiched between two vertical polarizing plates, and an electric field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, that is, a so-called TN mode. In this way, since the liquid crystal will stand upright on the substrate when the black color is displayed, the birefringence due to the liquid crystal molecules will occur to cause light leakage if viewed obliquely. In response to this problem, a method of preventing optical leakage of the liquid crystal cell by using a film in which liquid crystal molecules have been mixed and aligned has been put into practical use. However, even if a liquid crystal molecule is used, it is extremely difficult to perform optical compensation of the liquid crystal cell without any problem, and it is impossible to suppress the inversion of the modulation under the image. In order to solve the related problems, a practical vertical alignment (VA) mode has been proposed, which applies a lateral voltage to the liquid crystal, a liquid crystal display device made by an intra panel switching (IPS) mode, or by a dielectric constant. A vertical alignment (VA) mode in which a liquid crystal having a negative directionality is vertically aligned and formed in a panel or vertically aligned by a slit. In recent years, these panels have not been limited to monitoring applications, and are actively being developed for TV applications, with a significant increase in screen brightness. Therefore, the conventional problem is no longer present by such an operation mode, but it is apparent that there is a slight amount of light leakage in the oblique oblique incident direction in the black display, which is a cause of deterioration in development quality. 1354840 In the IPS mode liquid crystal cell optical compensation sheet, several layers of film must be used. As a result, the thickness of the optical compensation sheet will increase, which is disadvantageous for the thinning of the display device. Further, in the lamination of the stretched film, since the adhesive layer is used, there is a problem that the adhesive layer is shrunk due to the change in temperature and humidity, and peeling or lifting between the films occurs. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the invention to provide an IPS type liquid crystal display device which can significantly improve display quality and viewing angle by a simple structure. The object of the present invention is achieved by the liquid crystal display devices of the following (1) to (10). (1) A liquid crystal display device in which an optical compensation film is formed by a first phase difference region connected to the first polarizing film and a second phase difference region connected to the first phase difference region in accordance with the first polarizing film a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal material, and a second substrate are arranged in this order. When displayed in black, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material are aligned parallel to the surface of the pair of substrates, and are characterized by: Using the in-plane refractive index nx and ny(nx^ny), the refractive index nz in the thickness direction, and the thickness d of the film,

Re = (nx— ny) xd 所定義之第1相位差區域的面內遲滯値Re爲2 Onm以 下，並且，Re = (nx - ny) The in-plane hysteresis 値Re of the first phase difference region defined by xd is 2 Onm or less, and

Rth = ( ( nx + ny) /2 — nz)xd 所定義之第1相位差區域厚度方向的遲滞値Rth爲20 〜120nm，第2相位差區域係由含有實質上垂直配向的碟狀 液晶性化合物之組成物所構成的，該第2相位差區域之遲相 1354840 以下，針對本發明液晶顯示裝置之一實施態樣及其構造 元件，依序進行說明。還有，於本專利說明書中，使用「〜」 所示之數値範圍，意指將揭示於「〜」前後之數値作爲下限 値與上限値所包含的範圍。 於本專利說明書中，所謂「平行」、「垂直」意指嚴密 之角度±10°以下的範圍內。此範圍係與嚴密角度的誤差較宜 爲±5。以下，更佳爲±2°以下。所謂「實質上垂直」意指較嚴 密垂直之角度±20°以下的範圍內。此範圔係與嚴密角度的誤 差較宜爲±15°以下，更佳爲±10°以下。另外，「遲相軸」係 指折射率成爲最大的方向。再者，只要未特別提及折射率之 測定波長時，均爲可見光區域之λ=550ηιη的値。 於本專利說明書中，所謂「偏光板」，只要無特別之限 制，使用意指含有已裁成（於本專利說明書中，「裁成」意 指「穿孔」與「切除」）可組裝於長型尺狀偏光板與液晶顯 示裝置中之大小的偏光板二者。另外，於本專利說明書中， 雖然使用上區分「偏光膜」與「偏光板」，「偏光板」意指 於「偏光膜」之至少一單面上，具有保護該偏光膜之透明保 護膜的疊層物。 以下，利用圖示詳細說明本發明之實施態樣。第1圖係 顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置之像素區域例的示意圖。第2圖係 本發明液晶顯示裝置之一實施態樣的示意圖。 [液晶顯示裝置] 顯示於第2圖之液晶顯示裝置具有第1偏光膜8、光學 補償膜10、第1基板14、液晶層16、第2基板18與第2 -11 - 1354840 偏光膜21。第1偏光膜8與第2偏光膜21分別被保護膜7a 與7b以及20a與2Ob所夾住。光學補償膜10係由包含連接 於第1偏光膜8之保護膜7b的第1相位差區域11與連接於 第1相位差區域11的第2相位差區域12所構成的。 第2圖之液晶顯示裝置方面，液晶胞係由第1基板14 與第2基板18，以及夾住此等基板之液晶層16而成的。液 晶層之厚度d( μηι)與折射率異方向性Δη之乘積Δη · d係 利用透射模式，不具有扭曲構造之IPS型的話，0.2〜0.4/z m之範圍成爲最適値。於此範圍內，由於白色顯示亮度高、 黑色顯示亮度低，可以得到明亮對比高的顯示裝置。接觸於 基板14與18之液晶層16的表面上，形成配向膜（未以圖 示），藉由使液晶分子約略平行於基板表面而予以配向，於 配向膜上已進行平磨處理方向15與19等，無電壓施加狀態 或低施加狀態的液晶分子配向方向將受控制。另外，於基板 14或17之內面，形成可對液晶分子施加電壓的電極（於第 2圖中未以圖示）* 於第1圖，示意顯示液晶層1 6之一條像素區域中液晶 分子的配向。第1圖係顯示將相當於液晶層1 6之一條像素 左右之極小面積區域中的液晶分子配向形成於基板14與18 內面之平磨方向4，以及可施加電壓於已形成於基板14與 18內面之液晶分子的電極2與3的示意圖。電場效果型液晶 係利用具有正介電異方向性之向列型液晶而進行主動式驅 動之情形的無施加電壓狀態或低施加狀態下的液晶分子配 向方向爲5a與5b，此時，可以得到黑色顯示。若施加於電 -12- 1354840 極2與3之間，因應於電壓，一旦液晶分子朝向6a與6b方 向，將改變其配向方向。通常，於此狀態下進行明亮顯示。 再回到第2圖中，第1偏光膜8之透射軸9與第2偏光 膜21之透射軸22係垂直配置的。光學補償膜10係由第1 相位差區域11與第2相位差區域12之二個區域所構成的。 另外，第2相位差區域12之遲相軸13係平行於第1偏光膜 8之透射軸9以及黑色顯示時之液晶層16中的液晶分子遲相 軸方向17,並且，第2相位差區域12係配置於較第1相位 差區域11更接近於液晶層16側。針對構成光學補償膜二個 區域的光學特性，敘述如後。 顯示於第2圖之液晶顯示裝置方面，第1偏光膜8顯示 被二片保護膜7a與7b所夾住的構造，即使無保護膜7b也 可以。配置保護膜7b之情形，本發明之保護膜7b成爲構成 第1相位差區域11之薄層的一層。顯示於第2圖之液晶顯 示裝置方面，第2偏光膜21也被二片保護膜20a與20b所 夾住。接近液晶層16側之保護膜20a的厚度方向相位差Rth 較宜爲40nm以下（更佳爲20 μ m以下）或是厚度較宜爲 6 0 /z m以下。 還有，於第2圖，顯示具備上側偏光板與下側偏光板之 透射模式顯示裝置的態樣，但是本發明也可以爲僅具備一偏 光板的反射模式態樣，如此之情形，由於液晶胞內之光路成 爲2倍，最適An · d之値成爲該1/2左右之値》 本發明之液晶顯示裝置並非受限於第1、2圖所示之構 造，也可以含有其他之元件。例如，也可以於液晶層與偏光 -13- 1354840 膜之間配置彩色濾光板。另外，於偏光膜之保護膜表面也可 以進行反射防止處理或硬質塗布。另外，也可以使用賦與導 電性的構造元件。另外，作爲透射型使用之情形，能夠將冷 陰極或熱陰極螢光管、或是發光二極體、場致放射元件、電 致發光元件作爲光源之背光板而配置於背面β另外，於液晶 層與背光板之間，也可以配置反射型偏光板或擴散板、稜鏡 片或導光板。另外，本發明之液晶顯示裝置也可以爲反射 型，如此之情形，偏光板可以於觀察者側僅設置一片，將反 射膜配置於液晶胞背面或液晶胞之下側基板內面。當然，也 可以將利用該光源之前光板設置於液晶胞觀察者側。 本發明之液晶顯示裝置包括：影像直視型、影像投影 型、光調變型。本發明尤以適用於使用如TFT或ΜΙΜ之3 端子或2端子半導體元件之主動式矩陣液晶顯示裝置的態樣 特別有效。當然，適用於所謂時間分割驅動之被動式矩陣液 晶顯示裝置的態樣也爲有效的。 以下，針對用於本發明液晶顯示裝置中可使用之各種元 件的較佳光學特性或元件的材料、其製造方法等，進行詳細 之說明。 [光學補償膜之第1相位差區域] 第1相位差區域之光學特性係使用面內之折射率nx與 ny(nx^ny)、厚度方向之折射率nz與薄膜之厚度d，Re = (nx — ny ) xd所定義之面內遲滯値以爲20nm以下，更佳 爲1 0 nm以下，最好爲5 nm以下。另外，Rth = ( ( nx + ny ) /2— nz)xd所定義之厚度方向的遲滯値Rth爲20〜120nm， -14- 1354840 化合物，其遲相軸配置於平行第1偏光膜透射軸與黑色顯示 時之液晶分子遲相軸方向。第2相位差區域之Re較宜爲50 〜200nm，更佳爲80〜160nm。此Re之調整係藉由控制進行 塗布形成之碟狀液晶層厚度所進行的。再者，碟狀液晶性化 合物必須實質上垂直（70〜90°範圍之平均傾斜角）配向於 膜面。平均傾斜角若變得較此爲小，漏光之分布將成爲非對 稱。 碟狀液晶性化合物已揭示於各種文獻中（C. Destrade et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 71, page 111 ( 1981)；日 本化學會編、季刊化學總說、No . 22、液晶之化學、第5章、 第 10 章第 2fp( 1994) ；B. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. Soc. C hem. Comm·，page 1794 ( 1985) ； J. Zhang et al., J. Am.The retardation 値Rth in the thickness direction of the first phase difference region defined by Rth = ( ( nx + ny) /2 - nz) xd is 20 to 120 nm, and the second phase difference region is a liquid crystal containing substantially vertical alignment. The composition of the composition of the compound, the retardation phase of the second phase difference region is 1354840 or less, and an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention and its structural elements will be described in order. In addition, in this patent specification, the use of the range of "~" indicates that the number 揭示 before and after the "~" is used as the lower limit 値 and the upper limit 包含. In the present specification, "parallel" and "vertical" mean a range of ±10° or less in a strict angle. This range is preferably ±5 with respect to the tight angle. Hereinafter, it is more preferably ±2° or less. By "substantially perpendicular" is meant a range of ±20° or less that is more strictly perpendicular. The error between the system and the tight angle is preferably ±15° or less, more preferably ±10° or less. Further, the "late phase axis" means the direction in which the refractive index becomes maximum. Further, as long as the measurement wavelength of the refractive index is not particularly mentioned, it is 値 of λ = 550 ηηη in the visible light region. In the present specification, the term "polarizing plate" is used as long as it is not specifically limited. In the present specification, "cutting" means "perforation" and "cutting" can be assembled. Both the prismatic polarizing plate and the polarizing plate of the size of the liquid crystal display device. In addition, in this patent specification, although the "polarizing film" and the "polarizing plate" are used, the "polarizing plate" means a transparent protective film for protecting the polarizing film on at least one side of the "polarizing film". Laminate. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a view showing an example of a pixel region of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. [Liquid Crystal Display Device] The liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2 includes a first polarizing film 8, an optical compensation film 10, a first substrate 14, a liquid crystal layer 16, a second substrate 18, and a second -11 - 1354840 polarizing film 21. The first polarizing film 8 and the second polarizing film 21 are sandwiched by the protective films 7a and 7b and 20a and 20b, respectively. The optical compensation film 10 is composed of a first phase difference region 11 including a protective film 7b connected to the first polarizing film 8, and a second phase difference region 12 connected to the first phase difference region 11. In the liquid crystal display device of Fig. 2, the liquid crystal cell is formed by the first substrate 14 and the second substrate 18, and the liquid crystal layer 16 of the substrates. The product of the thickness d (μηι) of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index anisotropy Δη Δη · d When the IPS type having no twist structure is used in the transmission mode, the range of 0.2 to 0.4/z m is optimum. In this range, since the white display brightness is high and the black display brightness is low, a display device having a high contrast ratio can be obtained. On the surface of the liquid crystal layer 16 contacting the substrates 14 and 18, an alignment film (not shown) is formed, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned approximately parallel to the surface of the substrate, and the orientation direction 15 is performed on the alignment film. 19, etc., the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the no-voltage application state or the low application state will be controlled. Further, on the inner surface of the substrate 14 or 17, an electrode capable of applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules (not shown in FIG. 2) is formed. * In FIG. 1, the liquid crystal molecules in one pixel region of the liquid crystal layer 16 are schematically shown. Orientation. Fig. 1 is a view showing that the liquid crystal molecules in a very small area corresponding to one pixel of the liquid crystal layer 16 are aligned in the flat grinding direction 4 of the inner faces of the substrates 14 and 18, and a voltage can be applied to the substrate 14 and A schematic diagram of electrodes 2 and 3 of liquid crystal molecules on the inner side of 18. In the case where the electric field effect type liquid crystal system is actively driven by the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the case of no voltage application or low application state is 5a and 5b, and in this case, Black display. If applied between the poles 2 and 3 of the electric -12- 1354840, depending on the voltage, once the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the directions of 6a and 6b, the alignment direction will be changed. Usually, a bright display is performed in this state. Returning to Fig. 2, the transmission axis 9 of the first polarizing film 8 and the transmission axis 22 of the second polarizing film 21 are arranged perpendicular to each other. The optical compensation film 10 is composed of two regions of the first phase difference region 11 and the second phase difference region 12. Further, the slow phase axis 13 of the second phase difference region 12 is parallel to the transmission axis 9 of the first polarizing film 8 and the slow axis direction 17 of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 16 during black display, and the second phase difference region The 12 series is disposed closer to the liquid crystal layer 16 side than the first phase difference region 11. The optical characteristics of the two regions constituting the optical compensation film will be described later. In the liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2, the first polarizing film 8 has a structure sandwiched between the two protective films 7a and 7b, and the protective film 7b may be omitted. In the case where the protective film 7b is disposed, the protective film 7b of the present invention becomes a layer constituting the thin layer of the first retardation region 11. In the liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2, the second polarizing film 21 is also sandwiched by the two protective films 20a and 20b. The thickness direction phase difference Rth of the protective film 20a on the side close to the liquid crystal layer 16 is preferably 40 nm or less (more preferably 20 μm or less) or more preferably 6 0 /z m or less. Further, in Fig. 2, a transmissive mode display device including an upper polarizing plate and a lower polarizing plate is shown. However, the present invention may be a reflection mode having only one polarizing plate. In this case, liquid crystal The optical path inside the cell is doubled, and the optimum axis of An·d is about 1/2. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not limited to the structures shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and may include other elements. For example, a color filter may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing film -13 - 1354840. Further, antireflection treatment or hard coating may be performed on the surface of the protective film of the polarizing film. Further, a structural element imparting conductivity can also be used. Further, in the case of use as a transmissive type, a cold cathode or a hot cathode fluorescent tube, or a light-emitting diode, a field emission element, or an electroluminescence element can be disposed as a light source backlight plate on the back surface β. Between the layer and the backlight, a reflective polarizing plate or a diffusing plate, a cymbal or a light guide plate may be disposed. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention may be of a reflective type. In this case, the polarizing plate may be provided only on one side of the viewer, and the reflective film may be disposed on the back surface of the liquid crystal cell or the inner surface of the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell. Of course, it is also possible to arrange the light plate on the viewer side of the liquid crystal cell before using the light source. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises: an image direct view type, an image projection type, and a light modulation type. The present invention is particularly effective in an aspect suitable for an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a 3-terminal or 2-terminal semiconductor element such as a TFT or a germanium. Of course, the aspect of the passive matrix liquid crystal display device suitable for the so-called time division driving is also effective. Hereinafter, the preferred optical characteristics or materials of the elements used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the method for producing the same, and the like, will be described in detail. [First retardation region of optical compensation film] The optical characteristics of the first retardation region are the refractive indices nx and ny (nx^ny) in the in-plane, the refractive index nz in the thickness direction, and the thickness d of the film, Re = ( Nx — ny ) The in-plane hysteresis defined by xd is 20 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less, and most preferably 5 nm or less. Further, the retardation 値Rth in the thickness direction defined by Rth = (( nx + ny ) /2 - nz) xd is 20 to 120 nm, and the -14 - 1354840 compound is disposed on the transmission axis of the parallel first polarizing film. The direction of the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecules when black is displayed. The Re of the second phase difference region is preferably from 50 to 200 nm, more preferably from 80 to 160 nm. The adjustment of this Re is carried out by controlling the thickness of the disk-shaped liquid crystal layer formed by coating. Further, the discotic liquid crystalline compound must be aligned to the film surface substantially perpendicularly (average tilt angle in the range of 70 to 90). If the average tilt angle becomes smaller than this, the distribution of light leakage will become asymmetrical. Discotic liquid crystalline compounds have been disclosed in various literatures (C. Destrade et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 71, page 111 (1981); Japanese Chemical Society, Quarterly Chemistry General, No. 22. Chemistry of Liquid Crystals, Chapter 5, Chapter 10, 2fp (1994); B. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. Soc. C hem. Comm·, page 1794 (1985); J. Zhang et al. , J. Am.

Chem. Soc., vol. 116, page 2655 ( 1 994 ))。針對碟狀液晶 性化合物之聚合，已揭示於日本公開專利第平8-272 84號公 報。 碟狀液晶性化合物係藉由聚合而能予以固定，較宜具有 聚合性基。例如，考慮於碟狀液晶性化合物之圓盤狀核心， 使聚合性基作爲取代基而予以鍵結的構造，但是，一旦使聚 合性基直接鍵結於圓盤狀核心，便難以保持聚合反應之配向 狀態。於是，較宜於圓盤狀核心與聚合性基之間具有連結基 的構造。亦即，具有聚合性基之碟狀液晶性化合物較宜爲下 式所示之化合物。 D ( — L— P) „ 式中，D爲圓盤狀核心，L爲二價連結基，P爲聚合性 -16- 1354840 基，η爲4〜12之整數。該式中之圓盤狀核心（D)、二價 連結基（L)與聚合性基（P)之較佳例子’分別爲已揭示於 日本公開專利第2001-4837號公報之（D1)〜（D15)、（ L1) 〜（L2 5) 、（P1)〜（P18)，能夠適用揭示於同一公報之 內容。 第2相位差區域可以僅由含有碟狀液晶組成物所形成 的薄層而構成，也可以由含有碟狀液晶組成物所形成的薄層 與其他薄層而構成。後者之情形，能夠適用於與拉伸的聚苯 乙烯膜之疊層物或與環烯烴系等光學等方向性薄膜的疊層 物。 [棒狀液晶性化合物] 本發明之液晶顯示裝置也可以具有由含棒狀液晶性化 合物之組成物所形成的相位差層。如後所述，第2偏光膜之 保護膜較宜由聚合物薄膜，更佳爲含纖維素醯化物之聚合物 薄膜與棒狀液晶性化合物之組成物所形成的相位差層而成 的。該棒狀液晶性化合物較宜使用甲亞胺類、氧化偶氮類、 氰基聯苯類、氰苯基酯類、安息香酸酯類、環己烷羧酸苯基 酯類、氰苯基環己烷類、氰取代苯基嘧啶類、烷氧取代苯基 嘧啶類、苯基二噁烷類、二苯乙炔類以及烯基環己基苯甲腈 類》不僅可以使用如該低分子液晶性分子，也可以使用高分 子液晶性分子。 於本發明所用之液晶性化合物，例如，棒狀液晶性化合 物較宜實質上使其垂直配向。所謂實質上使其垂直，棒狀液 晶性化合物之情形意指膜面與棒狀液晶性化合物之基板法 -17- 1354840 線所成的角度於70〜90°之範圍內。另外，碟狀液晶 物之情形，意指碟面與光學異方向性層平面之平均角 均傾斜角）爲7〇〜90°之範圍內。此等液晶性化合物 其斜向配向，也可以使傾斜角慢慢改變（混成配向） 斜向配向或混成配向之情形，平均傾斜角較宜爲70 更佳爲75〜90°，最好爲80〜90°。 [含有液晶性化合物之相位差層形成方法] 含有液晶性化合物之相位差層，藉由將棒狀液晶 物、碟狀液晶性化合物或是下列聚合起始劑、空氣界 劑或其他添加劑之塗布液，塗布於已形成於載體上之 向膜上而形成的。 用於塗布液調整的溶劑，較宜使用有機溶劑。有 之例子，包括：醯胺（例如，N，N-二甲基甲醯胺）' S 如，二甲基亞颯）、雜環化合物（例如，吡啶）、碳 物（例如，苯、己烷）、鹵烷（例如，氯仿、二氯亏 酯（例如，醋酸甲酯、醋酸丁酯）、酮（例如，丙酮 乙基酮）、醚（例如，四氫呋喃、1，2 -二甲氧基乙烷 其中，較宜爲鹵烷與酮。也可以合倂使用二種以上 劑。塗布液之塗布，可以藉由習知之方法（例如，擠 法、直接式照相凹版塗布法、反式照相凹版塗布法、 布法）進行。 已垂直配向之液晶性化合物較宜維持配向狀態 固定。固定化係藉由導入液晶性化合物之聚合性基 進行聚合反應。於聚合反應中，包括使用熱聚合起始 性化合 1度（平 可以使 。不論 〜90〇， 性化合 面配向 垂直配 機溶劑 i颯（例 氫化合 J烷）' 、甲基 )等。 有機溶 壓塗布 模頭塗 而予以 (P)而 劑的熱 -18- 1354840 聚合反應與使用光聚合起始劑的光聚合反應。以光聚合反應 較佳。光聚合起始劑之例子，包括：α-羰基化合物（揭示 於美國專利第2367661、2367670號之各專利說明書）、偶 姻醚（揭示於美國專利第244 8 82 8號專利說明書）、α -碳 氫取代芳香族偶姻化合物（揭示於美國專利第2722512號專 利說明書）、多核醌化合物（揭示於美國專利第30461 27、 2951758號之各專利說明書）、三芳基咪唑二聚物與對胺苯 基酮之組合（揭示於美國專利第3 549 3 67號專利說明書）、 吖啶與吩畊化合物（揭示於特開昭60-105667號公報、美國 專利第423 985 0號專利說明書）與噁二唑化合物（揭示於美 國專利第4212970號專利說明書）。 光聚合起始劑之用量較宜爲塗布液中固形成分的〇.〇1 〜20質量％ ’更佳爲〇·5〜5質量％ 。爲了碟狀液晶性分子 聚合之光照射較宜使用紫外線。照射能量較宜爲20m J/cm 2 〜50J/cm2,更佳爲100〜8 00mJ/cm2。爲了加速光聚合反應， 也可以於加熱條件下進行光照射。相位差層之厚度，較宜爲 0.1〜ΙΟ/zm’更佳爲0.5〜5#m，最好爲1〜5;/m。 [垂直配向膜] 爲了使液晶性化合物垂直配向於配向膜側，使配向膜之 表面能量降低爲重要的。具體而言，利用聚合物之官能基而 使配向膜之表面能量降低，藉此，使液晶性化合物形成直立 狀態。使配向膜表面能量降低的官能基，氟原子與碳原子數 目爲10個以上之烴基爲有效的。爲了使氟原子或烴基存在 於配向膜之表面，與其將氟原子與烴基導入聚合物之主鏈， -19- 1354840 不如導入其側鏈。含氟聚合物之含氟原子的比例較佳爲0.05 〜80質量％之，更佳爲0.1〜70質量％ ，尤更佳爲0.5〜65 質量％ ，最佳爲1〜60質量％。烴基係脂肪族基、芳香族基 或此等之組合。脂肪族基可以爲環狀、分歧狀或直鏈狀之任 —種。脂肪族基較宜爲烷基（也可以爲環烷基）或烯基（也 可以爲環烯基）。烴基也可以具有如鹵素原子般之不顯示強 親水性基之取代基。烴基碳原子數較宜爲10〜100，更佳爲 10〜60,最好爲10〜40。聚合物之主鏈較宜具有聚醯亞胺構 造或聚乙烯醇構造。 通常，聚醯亞胺係藉由四羧酸與二胺之縮合反應進行合 成。使用二種以上四羧酸或二種以上二胺，也可以進行相當 於共聚物之聚醯亞胺的合成。氟原子或烴基可以存在於源自 四羧酸的重複單位，也可以存在於源自二胺之重複單位，或 是也可以存在於二者之重複單位。將烴基導入聚醯亞胺之情 形，尤以於聚醯亞胺之主鏈或側鏈形成膽固醇構造較爲理 想。存在於側鏈的膽固醇構造之碳原子數相當於10個以上 之烴基，具有使液晶性化合物垂直而予以垂直配向之機能。 於本專利說明書中，所謂膽固醇構造意指環戊酮氫化菲環構 造或其環鍵結之一部分於脂肪族環之範圍（不形成芳香族環 之範圍），成爲雙鍵之環構造》 再者，使液晶性化合物垂直配向的技術手段，能夠適合 採用聚乙烯醇、變性聚乙烯醇或是將有機酸混入聚醯亞胺高 分子的方法》進行混合之酸適合採用羧酸、磺酸或胺酸。於 後述之空氣界面配向劑中，也可以使用顯示酸性之化合物。 -20- 1354840 相對於高分子，其混合量較宜爲0.1〜20質量％，更佳爲0.5 〜1〇質量.％。 該聚乙烯醇之皂化度較宜爲70〜100%，更佳爲80〜100 %。聚乙烯醇之聚合度較宜爲100〜50 00。 使碟狀液晶性化合物予以配向之情形，配向膜側鏈上之 官能基較由具有疏水性基之聚合物所構成的。具體之官能基 種類係因應於液晶性分子之種類與所必需之配向狀態而加 以決定。例如，變性聚乙烯醇之變性基能夠藉由共聚合變 性、鏈轉移變性或塊狀聚合變性而予以導入。變性基之例 子，可列舉：親水性基（羧酸基、磺酸基、磷酸基、胺基、 銨基、醯胺基、硫醇基等）、碳數10〜1〇〇個烴基、氟原子 取代之烴基、硫醚基、聚合性基（不飽和聚合性基、環氧基、 氮雜環丙烷基等）、醇氧矽烷基（三醇氧基、二醇氧基、一 醇氧基）等。此等變性聚乙烯醇化合物之具體例，例如，可 列舉：揭示於特開2000- 1 552 1 6號公報專利說明書中之段落 編號[0022]〜[0145]、特開2002-62426號公報專利說明書中 之段落編號[0018]〜[0022]等。 若使用於主鏈上具有含已鍵結交聯性官能基之側鏈的 聚合物，或是使用於具有使液晶性分子配向之機能的側鏈上 含交聯性官能基的聚合物而形成配向膜，於其上使用含多官 能性單體之組成物而形成相位差膜，能夠進行配向膜中之聚 合物與其上所形成的相位差膜中之多官能性單體的共聚合 反應。其結果，不僅於多官能性單體之間，也於配向膜聚合 物之間以及多官能性單體與配向膜聚合物之間形成共價 -21 - 1354840 鍵，配向膜與相位差膜將牢固地形成鍵結。因而’藉由使用 具有交聯性官能基的聚合物而形成配向膜’能夠明顯改善光 學補償片之強度。相同於多官能性單體’配向膜聚合物之交 聯性官能基較宜含有聚合性基。具體而言’例如’可列舉： 揭示於特開2000- 1 552 1 6號公報專利說明書中之段落編號 [0080]〜[0100]之官能基等。 除了該交聯性官能基之外，配向膜聚合物也可以使用交 聯劑而使之交聯。交聯劑包括：醛類、N·羥甲基化合物、二 噁烷衍生物、藉由活化羧基而進行反應之化合物、活性乙烯 化合物、活性鹵素化合物、異噁烷溶膠與二醛澱粉。也可以 合倂使用二種以上交聯劑。具體而言，例如，可列舉：揭示 於特開2002-62426號公報專利說明書中之段落編號[0023] 〜[0024]之化合物等。反應活性高的醛類，尤以戊二醛較佳。 相對於聚合物，交聯劑之添加量較宜爲0.1〜20質量 %，更佳爲0.5〜15質量％。藉由進行如此之調節，液晶顯 示裝置中即使長期使用配向膜，或是於高溫高濕之氣體環境 中長期放置，可以得到不產生網狀物之充分耐久性。 基本上，配向膜係將含有作爲配向膜形成材料之該聚合 物與交聯劑之組成物塗布於透明載體之後，藉由進行加熱乾 燥（使之交聯）、平磨處理而予以形成。如上所述，交聯反 應於透明載體上進行塗布之後，也可以於任意期間進行。如 聚乙烯醇之水溶性聚合物作爲配向膜形成材料使用之情 形，塗布液較宜作成具有消泡作用之有機溶劑（例如，甲醇） 與水之混合溶劑。其比率上，水：甲醇之質量比較宜爲0: -22- 1354840 100〜99: 1，更佳爲0: 100〜91: 9。藉此，可抑制氣泡之 產生，明顯減少配向膜、甚至相位差層表面之缺陷。 配向膜之塗布方法較宜爲旋轉塗布法、浸漬塗布法、淋 幕塗布法、擠壓塗布法、桿式塗布法或滾筒塗布法。尤以桿 式塗布法較佳。另外，乾燥後之膜厚較宜爲 加熱乾燥能夠於20〜11 (TC進行。爲了形成充分之交聯，較 宜爲60〜l〇〇°C，尤以80〜l〇(TC更佳。乾燥時間能夠於1 分鐘〜36小時進行，更佳爲1〜30分鐘。pH與使用之交聯 劑較宜設定於最適値，使用戊二醛之情形，pH較宜爲4.5〜 5.5，尤以5更佳。 配向膜較宜設置於透明載體上。如上所述，配向膜於進 行聚合物層之交聯後，能夠藉由進行表面之平磨處理而得 到。 該平磨處理能夠採用LCD液晶配向處理步驟所泛用之 處理方法。亦即，能夠採用藉由利用紙或綿布、氈、橡膠或 耐綸、聚酯纖維等，且於固定方向進行配向膜表面之磨擦而 得到配向的方法。一般而言，藉由利用已均勻進行均一長度 與寬度纖維之植毛的布等，進行約爲數次之平磨而實施。 爲了使碟狀液晶性化合物均勻配向，較宜藉由已平磨處 理之垂直配向膜進行配向方向之控制，另一方面，對於棒狀 液晶性化合物之垂直配向，不宜進行平磨處理。還有，由於 利用配向膜而使液晶性化合物配向，維持其配向狀態下，固 定液晶性化合物而形成相位差層，也可以僅將相位差層轉印 至聚合物薄膜（或透明載體）上。 -23- 1354840 [空氣界面配向劑] 通常，因爲液晶性化合物於空氣界面側具有進行傾斜而 配向的性質，爲了得到均勻垂直配向之狀態，必須於空氣界 面側進行液晶性化合物之垂直配向控制。爲了此目的，藉由 其佔有容積效果或靜電效果，較宜偏向於空氣界面側，使塗 布液中含有影響液晶性化合物垂直配向作用的化合物而形 成相位差膜。使液晶性化合物垂直配向的作用係對於碟狀液 晶性化合物，相當於減少使其垂向基板之傾斜角度，亦即， 減少垂向基板與塗布液晶空氣側表面所成之角度的作用。減 少碟狀液晶性分子垂向基板之傾斜角度的化合物，適合採用 含有如下列通式（η所示之具有馬來亞胺基佔有容積效果 的剛直性構造單位之聚合物。另外，藉由摻合此等化合物而 改善塗布性，能抑制不均現象或撥水性的發生。 通式（1 ) 一㈧ a—(B)T- 式（1)中，A係表示下列通式（2)所示之重複單位， B係表示藉由乙烯性不飽和單體所衍生之重複單位，a與b 表示共聚合比之質量百分率，a表示1〜100質量！《 ，b表示 0〜99質量％之數値。Chem. Soc., vol. 116, page 2655 (1 994 )). The polymerization of a discotic liquid crystalline compound is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 8-27284. The discotic liquid crystalline compound can be fixed by polymerization, and preferably has a polymerizable group. For example, in consideration of a disk-shaped core of a discotic liquid crystalline compound, a polymerizable group is bonded as a substituent. However, once the polymerizable group is directly bonded to the disk-shaped core, it is difficult to maintain the polymerization reaction. Orientation status. Therefore, a structure having a linking group between the disk-shaped core and the polymerizable group is preferred. Namely, the discotic liquid crystalline compound having a polymerizable group is preferably a compound represented by the following formula. D (—— L— P) In the formula, D is a disc-shaped core, L is a divalent linking group, P is a polymerizable-16-1354840 group, and η is an integer of 4 to 12. Preferred examples of the core (D), the divalent linking group (L), and the polymerizable group (P) are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-48837 (D1) to (D15), (L1), respectively. ～(L2 5) and (P1) to (P18) can be applied to the same disclosure. The second phase difference region may be composed only of a thin layer formed of a discotic liquid crystal composition, or may contain a dish. The thin layer formed of the liquid crystal composition is formed of another thin layer. In the latter case, it can be applied to a laminate of a stretched polystyrene film or a laminate of an optical directional film such as a cycloolefin system. [The rod-like liquid crystal compound] The liquid crystal display device of the present invention may have a phase difference layer formed of a composition containing a rod-like liquid crystal compound. As will be described later, the protective film of the second polarizing film is preferably polymerized. The film of the material, more preferably a polymer film containing a cellulose halide and a composition of a rod-like liquid crystalline compound The formed retardation layer is preferably used for the rod-like liquid crystalline compound, such as methylimine, oxidized azo, cyanobiphenyl, cyanophenyl ester, benzoic acid ester, and cyclohexane carboxylate. Acid phenyl esters, cyanophenyl cyclohexanes, cyanide substituted phenyl pyrimidines, alkoxy substituted phenyl pyrimidines, phenyl dioxanes, diphenylacetylenes and alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitriles It is possible to use not only the low molecular liquid crystalline molecules but also high molecular liquid crystalline molecules. The liquid crystalline compound used in the present invention, for example, a rod-like liquid crystalline compound is preferably substantially vertically aligned. The case of the vertical, rod-like liquid crystalline compound means that the angle between the film surface and the substrate method of the rod-like liquid crystalline compound is in the range of 70 to 90°. In addition, the case of the dish liquid crystal is intended The angle between the average angle of the plane of the disc and the plane of the optically isotropic layer is in the range of 7 〇 to 90 °. The diagonal alignment of these liquid crystal compounds can also change the tilt angle slowly (mixed alignment). Matching or blending The average inclination angle is preferably 70 to 90°, more preferably 80 to 90°. [Method of Forming Phase Difference Layer Containing Liquid Crystalline Compound] Phase difference layer containing liquid crystal compound by using a rod a liquid crystal, a liquid crystal compound or a coating liquid of the following polymerization initiator, air boundary agent or other additives, which is formed by coating on a film formed on a carrier. It is preferred to use an organic solvent. Examples include: decylamine (for example, N,N-dimethylformamide) 'S, for example, dimethyl hydrazine), heterocyclic compound (for example, pyridine), carbon (eg, benzene, hexane), a halogenated alkane (eg, chloroform, dichlorohydrin (eg, methyl acetate, butyl acetate), a ketone (eg, acetone ethyl ketone), an ether (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1, Among them, 2-dimethoxyethane is preferably a halogenated alkane and a ketone. It is also possible to use two or more agents in combination. The coating of the coating liquid can be carried out by a conventional method (e.g., extrusion, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, and cloth). The liquid crystal compound which has been vertically aligned is preferably kept in an aligned state. The immobilization is carried out by introducing a polymerizable group of a liquid crystalline compound. In the polymerization reaction, the thermal polymerization initiation is carried out by using a degree of 1 degree (flat, whether it is ~90 Å, orientated surface alignment with a vertical solvent, i 飒 (example hydrogenated J alkane) ', methyl) and the like. The organic melt-coating die is coated with (P) and the heat of the agent is -18- 1354840. The polymerization is carried out by photopolymerization using a photopolymerization initiator. Photopolymerization is preferred. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include: an α-carbonyl compound (disclosed in each of the patent specifications of U.S. Patent No. 2,376,661, 2,367, 670), an acetonyl ether (disclosed in the specification of U.S. Patent No. 2,448,828), α- Hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic cryptic compounds (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,722,512), polynuclear ruthenium compounds (disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,046, 27, 2,951,758), triaryl imidazole dimers and p-aminobenzene Combination of ketones (disclosed in the specification of U.S. Patent No. 3,549, 317), acridine and arsenic compounds (disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 60-105667, No. 423 985 0) An azole compound (disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,212,970). The amount of the photopolymerization initiator to be used is preferably 〇1 to 20% by mass of the solid content in the coating liquid, and more preferably 5% to 5% by mass. It is preferred to use ultraviolet rays for light irradiation of a liquid crystal molecule. The irradiation energy is preferably 20 m J/cm 2 to 50 J/cm 2 , more preferably 100 to 800 mJ/cm 2 . In order to accelerate the photopolymerization reaction, light irradiation may also be carried out under heating. The thickness of the retardation layer is preferably 0.1 to ΙΟ/zm', more preferably 0.5 to 5 #m, most preferably 1 to 5; / m. [Vertical alignment film] In order to vertically align the liquid crystal compound to the alignment film side, it is important to reduce the surface energy of the alignment film. Specifically, the surface energy of the alignment film is lowered by the functional group of the polymer, whereby the liquid crystal compound is formed in an upright state. The functional group which lowers the energy of the surface of the alignment film is effective in a fluorine atom and a hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms. In order to allow a fluorine atom or a hydrocarbon group to be present on the surface of the alignment film, instead of introducing a fluorine atom and a hydrocarbon group into the main chain of the polymer, -19-1354840 is not introduced into its side chain. The proportion of the fluorine-containing atom of the fluoropolymer is preferably from 0.05 to 80% by mass, more preferably from 0.1 to 70% by mass, still more preferably from 0.5 to 65% by mass, most preferably from 1 to 60% by mass. A hydrocarbon group is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a combination thereof. The aliphatic group may be in the form of a ring, a divergence or a linear one. The aliphatic group is preferably an alkyl group (which may also be a cycloalkyl group) or an alkenyl group (which may also be a cycloalkenyl group). The hydrocarbon group may also have a substituent such as a halogen atom which does not exhibit a strong hydrophilic group. The number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group is preferably from 10 to 100, more preferably from 10 to 60, most preferably from 10 to 40. The main chain of the polymer preferably has a polyimine structure or a polyvinyl alcohol structure. Usually, polyimine is synthesized by a condensation reaction of a tetracarboxylic acid and a diamine. The synthesis of the polyimine corresponding to the copolymer can also be carried out by using two or more kinds of tetracarboxylic acids or two or more kinds of diamines. The fluorine atom or the hydrocarbon group may be present in a repeating unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid, may be present in a repeating unit derived from a diamine, or may be present in a repeating unit of both. The introduction of a hydrocarbon group into a polyimine is particularly desirable for forming a cholesterol structure in the main chain or side chain of the polyimine. The number of carbon atoms in the cholesterol structure existing in the side chain corresponds to 10 or more hydrocarbon groups, and has a function of vertically aligning the liquid crystal compound. In the present specification, the term "cholesterol structure" means that the cyclopentanone hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure or one of its ring bonds is in the range of the aliphatic ring (the range in which the aromatic ring is not formed), and becomes a ring structure of a double bond. A technique for vertically aligning a liquid crystal compound can be suitably carried out by using polyvinyl alcohol, denatured polyvinyl alcohol or a method of mixing an organic acid into a polyimine polymer. The acid to be mixed is preferably a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid or an amine acid. . In the air interface alignment agent to be described later, a compound which exhibits acidity can also be used. -20- 1354840 The amount of the mixture is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 1% by mass based on the polymer. The degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably from 70 to 100%, more preferably from 80 to 100%. The degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably from 100 to 50 00. When the discotic liquid crystalline compound is aligned, the functional group on the side chain of the alignment film is composed of a polymer having a hydrophobic group. The specific functional group type is determined by the type of liquid crystal molecule and the necessary alignment state. For example, the denatured group of the denatured polyvinyl alcohol can be introduced by copolymerization variability, chain transfer denaturation or bulk polymerization denaturation. Examples of the denatured group include a hydrophilic group (a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, an amine group, an ammonium group, a decylamino group, a thiol group, etc.), a carbon number of 10 to 1 fluorene, and a fluorine group. Atom-substituted hydrocarbon group, thioether group, polymerizable group (unsaturated polymerizable group, epoxy group, aziridine group, etc.), alcohol oxyalkylene group (trioloxy group, dioloxy group, monoalcoholoxy group) )Wait. Specific examples of such denatured polyvinyl alcohol compounds include, for example, paragraph numbers [0022] to [0145] and JP-A-2002-62426, which are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000- No. Paragraph numbers [0018] to [0022] in the specification. Forming an alignment if a polymer having a side chain having a bonded crosslinkable functional group in a main chain or a polymer having a crosslinkable functional group in a side chain having a function of aligning a liquid crystalline molecule is used. The film is formed thereon by using a composition containing a polyfunctional monomer to form a retardation film, and a copolymerization reaction between the polymer in the alignment film and the polyfunctional monomer in the retardation film formed thereon can be performed. As a result, not only between the polyfunctional monomers but also between the alignment film polymers and between the polyfunctional monomer and the alignment film polymer, a covalent 02 - 1354840 bond is formed, and the alignment film and the retardation film will The bond is firmly formed. Thus, the formation of the alignment film by using a polymer having a crosslinkable functional group can significantly improve the strength of the optical compensation sheet. The crosslinkable functional group which is the same as the polyfunctional monomer' alignment film polymer preferably contains a polymerizable group. Specifically, for example, the functional group of the paragraph numbers [0080] to [0100] disclosed in the patent specification of JP-A-2000- 1 552 166 can be cited. In addition to the crosslinkable functional group, the alignment film polymer may be crosslinked by using a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent includes an aldehyde, an N-methylol compound, a dioxane derivative, a compound which is reacted by activating a carboxyl group, a reactive ethylene compound, an active halogen compound, an isooxanes sol, and a dialdehyde starch. It is also possible to use two or more kinds of crosslinking agents in combination. Specifically, for example, a compound of the paragraph numbers [0023] to [0024] disclosed in the patent specification of JP-A-2002-62426 is exemplified. The aldehyde having high reactivity, especially glutaraldehyde is preferred. The amount of the crosslinking agent added is preferably from 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably from 0.5 to 15% by mass, based on the polymer. By performing such adjustment, even in the liquid crystal display device, even if the alignment film is used for a long period of time or in a high-temperature and high-humidity gas atmosphere for a long period of time, sufficient durability without generating a mesh can be obtained. Basically, the alignment film is formed by applying a composition containing the polymer and the crosslinking agent as an alignment film forming material to a transparent carrier, followed by heat drying (crosslinking) and flat grinding treatment. As described above, after the crosslinking reaction is carried out on the transparent support, it may be carried out in any period. For example, when a water-soluble polymer of polyvinyl alcohol is used as an alignment film forming material, the coating liquid is preferably used as a mixed solvent of an organic solvent (e.g., methanol) having a defoaming action and water. In terms of ratio, the quality of water: methanol is preferably 0: -22- 1354840 100~99: 1, more preferably 0: 100~91: 9. Thereby, generation of bubbles can be suppressed, and defects of the alignment film and even the surface of the retardation layer can be remarkably reduced. The coating method of the alignment film is preferably a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a shower coating method, an extrusion coating method, a rod coating method or a roll coating method. In particular, the rod coating method is preferred. In addition, the film thickness after drying is preferably heat-drying at 20 to 11 (TC. In order to form sufficient crosslinking, it is preferably 60 to 1 ° C, especially 80 to 1 〇 (TC is more preferable. The drying time can be carried out in 1 minute to 36 hours, more preferably 1 to 30 minutes. The pH and the crosslinking agent to be used are preferably set to be optimum, and in the case of using glutaraldehyde, the pH is preferably 4.5 to 5.5, especially Preferably, the alignment film is preferably disposed on the transparent support. As described above, after the cross-linking of the polymer layer, the alignment film can be obtained by performing a flat grinding process on the surface. A treatment method generally used in the alignment treatment step, that is, a method of obtaining alignment by using paper, cotton cloth, felt, rubber, nylon, polyester fiber, or the like, and rubbing the surface of the alignment film in a fixed direction. In the meantime, it is carried out by using a cloth or the like which has uniform hair growth of uniform length and width fibers, and is performed by grinding for about several times. In order to uniformly align the liquid crystalline compound, it is preferable to have a flat grinding treatment. Vertical alignment film for alignment On the other hand, it is not preferable to carry out the flat grinding treatment for the vertical alignment of the rod-like liquid crystal compound. Further, the liquid crystal compound is aligned by the alignment film, and the liquid crystal compound is fixed by maintaining the alignment state. The phase difference layer may also transfer only the phase difference layer to the polymer film (or transparent carrier). -23- 1354840 [Air Interface Aligning Agent] Generally, since the liquid crystal compound has an inclination at the air interface side, it is aligned. For the purpose of obtaining a uniform vertical alignment state, the vertical alignment control of the liquid crystal compound must be performed on the air interface side. For this purpose, by occupying the volume effect or the electrostatic effect, it is preferable to bias toward the air interface side to make the coating liquid A retardation film is formed by containing a compound which affects the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal compound. The action of vertically aligning the liquid crystal compound corresponds to reducing the tilt angle of the vertical substrate to the liquid crystal compound, that is, reducing the vertical direction. The effect of the substrate on the angle formed by the surface of the liquid crystal air side. A compound having a tilt angle of a vertical molecule of a substrate, preferably a polymer having a rigid structural unit having a maleimine group-occupying volume effect as shown by the following formula (n). Further, by blending these compounds When the coating property is improved, the occurrence of unevenness or water repellency can be suppressed. General formula (1) One (8) a - (B) T - In the formula (1), the A system represents a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2) , B represents a repeating unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a and b represent a mass ratio of a copolymerization ratio, and a represents a mass of 1 to 100! ", and b represents a number of 〜 to 99% by mass.

-24- 1354840 式（2)中，X'X1與X2係各獨立表示氫原子或取代 若進一步詳細說明，於該通式（2) ，X、X>與X2 之取代基能夠列舉以下之官能基。 包括：烷基（較宜爲碳數1〜20，更佳爲碳數1〜 尤以碳數1〜8之烷基爲最好，例如，可列舉：甲基、乙 異丙基、第三丁基、正辛基、正癸基、正十六基、環丙 環戊基、環己基等）、烯基（較宜爲碳數2〜20，更佳 數2〜12，尤以碳數2〜8之烯基爲最好，例如，可列舉 烯基、芳基、2-丁烯基、3-戊烯基等）、炔基（較宜爲 2〜20，更佳爲碳數2〜12，尤以碳數2〜8之炔基爲最 例如，可列舉：丙炔基、3 -戊炔基等）、芳基（較宜爲 6〜30,更佳爲碳數6〜20,尤以碳數6〜12之芳基爲最 例如，可列舉：苯基、2,6-二乙基苯基、3,5-雙三氟甲 基、萘基、聯苯基等）、取代或無取代之胺基（較宜爲 0〜20，更佳爲碳數0〜10，尤以碳數〇〜ό之胺基爲最 例如，可列舉：無取代胺基、甲基胺基、二甲基胺基、 基胺基、苯胺基等）、 烷氧基（例如，較宜爲碳數1〜20,更佳爲碳數1〜 尤以碳數1〜6爲最好，例如，可列舉：甲氧基、乙氧 丁氧基等）、烷氧羰基（較宜爲碳數2〜20，更佳爲碳 〜10，尤以碳數2〜6爲最好，例如，可列舉：甲氧羰 乙氧羰基等）、醯氧基（例如，較宜爲碳數2〜20，更 碳數2〜10，尤以碳數2〜6爲最好，例如，可列舉：乙 基、苯醯氧基等）、醯胺基（例如，較宜爲碳數2〜20 ，基。 所示 12, 基、 基、 爲碳 :乙 碳數 好， 碳數 好， 基苯 碳數 好， 二乙 10， 基、 數2 基、 佳爲 醯氧 ，更 -25- 1354840 佳爲碳數2〜10，尤以碳數2〜6爲最好，例如，可列舉：乙 醯胺基、苯醯胺基等）、烷氧羰胺基（例如，較宜爲碳數2 〜20，更佳爲碳數2〜10，尤以碳數2〜6爲最好，例如，可 列舉：甲氧羰胺基等）、芳氧羰胺基（例如，較宜爲碳數7 〜20’更佳爲碳數7〜16,尤以碳數7〜12爲最好，例如， 可列舉：苯氧羰胺基等）、磺醯胺基（例如，較宜爲碳數1 〜20,更佳爲碳數1〜1〇,尤以碳數丨〜6爲最好，例如，可 列舉：甲烷磺醯胺基、苯磺醯胺基等）'胺磺醯基（例如， 較宜爲碳數0〜20，更佳爲碳數0〜10，尤以碳數〇〜6爲最 好，例如，可列舉：胺磺醯基、甲基胺磺醯基、二甲基胺磺 醯基、苯基胺磺醯基等）、胺基甲醯基（例如，較宜爲碳數 1〜20，更佳爲碳數1〜1〇,尤以碳數丨〜6爲最好，例如， 可列舉：無取代之胺基甲醯基、甲基胺基甲醯基、二乙基胺 基甲醯基、苯基胺基甲醯基等）。 烷硫基（較宜爲碳數1〜20，更佳爲碳數1〜1〇，尤以 碳數1〜6爲最好，例如，可列舉：甲硫基、乙硫基等）、 芳硫基（較宜爲碳數6〜20,更佳爲碳數6〜16,尤以碳數6 〜12爲最好，例如，可列舉：苯硫基等）' 磺醯基（較宜爲 碳數1〜20,更佳爲碳數1〜10,尤以碳數1〜6爲最好，例 如’可列舉：甲磺醯基、對甲苯磺醯基等）'亞磺醯基（較 宜爲碳數1〜20,更佳爲碳數1〜10,尤以碳數1〜6爲最好， 例如，可列舉：甲烷亞磺醯基、苯亞磺醯基等）、脲基（較 宜爲碳數1〜20,更佳爲碳數1〜10,尤以碳數1〜6爲最好， 例如，可列舉：無取代之脲基、甲基脲基、苯基脲基等）、 -26- 1354840 碟酸醯胺基（較宜爲碳數1〜20，更佳爲碳數！〜“，尤以 碳數1〜6爲最好，例如，可列舉：二乙基磷酸醯胺基、苯 基隣酸醒胺基等）、羥基、氫硫基、鹵素原子（例如，氟原 子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子）、氰基、磺基、羧基、硝基、 氧肟酸基、亞磺基、聯胺基、亞胺基、雜環基（較宜爲碳數 1〜30,更佳爲碳數1〜12之雜環基，例如，爲具有氮原子、 氧原子、硫原子等之雜原子之雜環基，例如，可列舉：咪哩 基、吡啶基、喹啉基、呋喃基、胡椒醯基、嗎啉代基、苯并 噁唑酮基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基等）、矽烷基（較宜爲 碳數3〜40，更佳爲碳數3〜30，尤以碳數3〜24爲最好， 例如，可列舉：三甲基矽烷基、三苯基矽烷基等）。 此等之取代基也可以進一步藉由此等取代基而進行取 代。另外，取代基具有二個以上之情形，彼此可以相同，也 可以不同。另外，可能的話，也可以相互鍵結而形成環。 X較宜爲氫原子、取代或無取代之烷基（包含環烷基） 或芳基，尤以取代或無取代之烷基（包含環烷基）或芳基爲 更佳，最好爲芳基。X1與X2係分別獨立的，較宜爲氫原子、 鹵素原子、取代或無取代之烷基，尤以氫原子或是取代或無 取代之烷基更佳，最好爲氫原子。 該通式（1)中，B係由至少一種乙烯性不飽和單體（以 下，也稱爲「單體B」）所衍生的重複單位（以下，也稱爲 「重複單位Bj )，較宜爲由下列所示之單體群中選出一種 所衍生的重複單位，或是由組合下列單體群中獨立且自由選 出之二種以上共聚物所衍生的重複單位。可使用之單體並無 -27- 1354840 特別之限制，只要爲一般可進行自由基聚合反應的單體的 話，便能夠適用。 單體群 (1 )烯類 乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、異丁烯、己烯、丨-十二烯、1-十八烯'1-二十烯、六氟丙烯、偏氟乙烯、氯三氟乙烯、3，3,3_ 二氟丙稀、四氟乙烯、氯化乙烯、偏氯乙烯等； (2 )二烯類 1，3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、ι，3·戊二烯、2-乙基-1,3-丁二 烯、2-«-異丙基-1，3-丁 二烯、2,3-二甲基-1，3-丁 二烯、2-甲 基-1,3-戊二烯、1-苯基-1，3-丁 二烯、l-α-萘基-1，3-丁 二烯、 1-/S -萘基·1，3-丁 二烯、2-氯-1，3-丁二烯、1-溴-1，3-丁 二烯、 1-氯丁 二烯、2-氟-1，3-丁 二烯、2,3-二環-1，3-丁 二烯、1，1，2-三氯-1，3-丁二烯'2-氰基-1，3-丁二烯、1，4-二乙烯環己烷等； (3) 〇:，/3-不飽和羧酸之衍生物 (3a)丙烯酸烷酯類 丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸異丙 酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸異丁酯、丙烯酸第二丁酯、丙烯 酸第三丁酯、丙烯酸戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸環己酯、 丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸第三辛酯、丙 烯酸十二酯、丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸苯甲酯、丙烯酸_2_氯乙-24- 1354840 In the formula (2), X'X1 and X2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Further, the substituents of the formula (2), X, X and X2 can be exemplified by the following functional groups. base. Including: an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 1 to 0, particularly preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl isopropyl group, and third embodiment. Butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropanecyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.), alkenyl (preferably carbon number 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 12, especially carbon number) The alkenyl group of 2 to 8 is most preferable, and examples thereof include an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 3-pentenyl group, and the like, and an alkynyl group (preferably 2 to 20, more preferably a carbon number 2). ～12, particularly, the alkynyl group having a carbon number of 2 to 8 is, for example, a propynyl group or a 3-pentynyl group, or an aryl group (preferably 6 to 30, more preferably a carbon number of 6 to 20). In particular, the aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 12 is, for example, a phenyl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 3,5-bistrifluoromethyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like, A substituted or unsubstituted amino group (preferably 0 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 0 to 10, particularly preferably an amino group having a carbon number of ό ό ό ό, for example, an unsubstituted amino group, a methylamino group , a dimethylamino group, an amino group, an anilino group, etc.), an alkoxy group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 1 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 1 to ～ The carbon number is preferably from 1 to 6, and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxyoxy group, and the like, and an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 2 to 20, more preferably a carbon of 10 to 10, particularly carbon). The number 2 to 6 is preferably, for example, a methoxycarbonylethoxycarbonyl group or the like, and a decyloxy group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 2 to 20, a carbon number of 2 to 10, particularly a carbon number of 2 to 2). 6 is preferably, for example, an ethyl group, a benzoquinoneoxy group or the like, an anthranyl group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 2 to 20, a group. 12, a group, a group, a carbon: a carbon group) Good number, good carbon number, good carbon number of base benzene, ethylene 10, base, number 2 base, good for oxygen, more -25- 1354840, good carbon number 2~10, especially carbon number 2~6 is the most For example, an acetamino group, a benzoguanamine group, or the like, and an alkoxycarbonylamine group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 2 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 2 to 10, particularly a carbon number of 2) ～6 is the most preferable, for example, a methoxycarbonylamino group or the like, and an aryloxycarbonylamine group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 7 to 20' is more preferably a carbon number of 7 to 16, especially a carbon number of 7 ～12 is the best, for example, phenoxycarbonylamino group, etc.), sulfonamide group ( For example, it is preferably a carbon number of 1 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 1 to 1 Torr, and particularly preferably a carbon number of 66 to 6, preferably, for example, a methanesulfonylamino group or a benzenesulfonylamino group. 'Aminesulfonyl group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 0 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 0 to 10, particularly preferably a carbon number of 66), and for example, an amine sulfonyl group or a methylamine is exemplified. a sulfonyl group, a dimethylamine sulfonyl group, a phenylamine sulfonyl group, or the like, an aminomethyl fluorenyl group (for example, preferably a carbon number of 1 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 1 to 1 Å, especially The carbon number 丨~6 is the most preferable, and examples thereof include an unsubstituted aminomethyl fluorenyl group, a methylaminomethyl fluorenyl group, a diethylaminomethyl fluorenyl group, a phenylaminomethyl fluorenyl group and the like. The alkylthio group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 1 to 1 Torr, particularly preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 6, for example, a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, etc.), Sulfur-based (preferably carbon number 6 to 20, more preferably carbon number 6 to 16, especially carbon number 6 to 12 is preferable, for example, phenylthio group, etc.) 'sulfonyl group (preferably The carbon number is from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, 'may be mentioned: methanesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, etc.) 'sulfinyl group (comparatively) It is preferably a carbon number of 1 to 20, more preferably a carbon number of 1 to 10, particularly preferably a carbon number of 1 to 6, and examples thereof include a methanesulfinyl group, a sulfinyl group, and the like, and a urea group. The carbon number is preferably from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an unsubstituted ureido group, a methylureido group, a phenylureido group, and the like. ), -26- 1354840 碟 醯 amine base (more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably carbon number! ~ ", especially carbon number 1 ~ 6 is best, for example, diethylphosphoric acid Amidino group, phenyl-o-acid amide group, etc.), hydroxyl group, thiol group, halogen atom (for example, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine Atom, iodine atom), cyano group, sulfo group, carboxyl group, nitro group, hydroxamic acid group, sulfinyl group, hydrazine group, imido group, heterocyclic group (more preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably The heterocyclic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is, for example, a heterocyclic group having a hetero atom such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and examples thereof include amidino group, pyridyl group, quinolyl group and furyl group. a sulfonium group, a morpholino group, a benzoxazolone group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, etc., a decyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 3 to 40, more preferably a carbon number of 3 to 30). The carbon number is preferably from 3 to 24, and examples thereof include a trimethylsulfanyl group and a triphenylsulfanyl group. The substituents may be further substituted by such a substituent. The base has two or more cases, which may be the same or different from each other. In addition, if possible, they may be bonded to each other to form a ring. X is preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (including a cycloalkyl group). Or aryl, especially substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (including cycloalkyl) or aryl, more preferably aryl. X1 and X2 They are each independently, preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom. In the above, B is a repeating unit derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer (hereinafter, also referred to as "monomer B") (hereinafter, also referred to as "repeating unit Bj"), and is preferably represented by the following A repeating unit derived from a monomer group or a combination of two or more copolymers independently and freely selected from the following monomer groups is used. The monomer that can be used is not -27- 1354840. The limitation can be applied as long as it is a monomer which can generally undergo radical polymerization. Monomer group (1) Alkene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, hexene, decene-dodecene, 1- Octadecenene '1-eirene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 3,3,3 difluoropropene, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, etc.; (2) Alkene 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, iota, pentadiene, 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-«-isopropyl -1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene , l-α-naphthyl-1,3-butadiene, 1-/S-naphthyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, 1-bromo-1, 3-butadiene, 1-chlorobutadiene, 2-fluoro-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-bicyclo-1,3-butadiene, 1,1,2-trichloro-1 , 3-butadiene '2-cyano-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-diethylenecyclohexane, etc.; (3) 〇:, /3-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative (3a) Acryl methacrylate methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, second butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, acrylic acid Ester, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, third octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, acrylic acid _2 chloro

I 酯、丙烯酸-2-溴乙酯、丙烯酸-4-氯丁酯、丙烯酸_2·氰基乙 酯、丙烯酸-2-乙醯氧基乙酯、丙烯酸甲氧基苯甲醋、丙烯 酸-2-氯環己酯、丙烯酸呋喃酯、丙烯酸四氫呋喃酯、丙烯 -28- 1354840 酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸-ω -甲氧基聚乙二醇酯（聚環氧乙 烷之加成莫耳數η = 2〜100)、丙烯酸-3-甲氧基丁酯、丙烯 酸-2-乙氧基乙酯、丙烯酸-2-丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸·2- (2-丁 氧乙氧基）乙酯、丙烯酸-1-溴-2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸-1，1-二氯-2-乙氧基乙酯、丙烯酸-環氧丙酯等； (3b)甲基丙烯酸烷酯類 甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙 酯、甲基丙烯酸異丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸異 丁酯、甲基丙烯酸第二丁酯、甲基丙烯酸第三丁酯、甲基丙 烯酸戊酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸環己酯、甲基丙 烯酸-2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯 '甲基丙烯酸硬酯醯 • 酯、甲基苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲 基丙烯酸呋喃酯、甲基丙烯酸四氫呋喃酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酌 酯、甲基丙烯酸萘酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙 烯酸-3-甲氧基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸- ω-甲氧基聚乙二醇酯（聚 環氧乙烷之加成莫耳數η = 2〜1 00 )、甲基丙烯酸-3 -甲氧基 丁酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙醯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙氧基 乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-丁氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸_2-(2-丁氧 乙氧基）乙醋、甲基两稀酸環氧丙稀醋、甲基丙稀酸-3-三 甲氧基矽烷丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2_異氰酸 根合乙酯等； (3c)不飽和多價羧酸之二酯類 馬來酸二甲酯、馬來酸二丁酯 '衣康酸二甲酯、康酸二 丁酯、巴豆酸二丁酯、巴豆酸二己酯、富馬酸二乙酯、富馬 -29- 1354840 酸二甲酯等； (3d) 不飽和羧酸之醯胺類 N，N-二甲基丙烯酸醯胺、N，N-二乙基丙烯酸醯胺、N-正丙基丙烯酸醯胺、N-第三丁基丙烯酸醯胺、N-第二辛基甲 基丙烯酸醯胺、N-環己基丙烯酸醯胺、N-苯基丙烯酸醯胺、 N-(2-乙醯乙醯氧乙基）丙烯酸醯胺、N-苯甲基丙烯酸醯胺、 N-丙烯醯基嗎啉、雙丙酮丙烯酸醯胺、N-甲基馬來酸酐縮亞 胺等； (4) 不飽和腈類 丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等； (5) 苯乙烯及其衍生物 苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、對第三丁基苯乙烯、 對乙烯安息香酸甲酯、α -甲基苯乙烯、對氯甲基苯乙烯、 乙烯萘、對甲氧基苯乙烯、對羥甲基苯乙烯、對乙醯氧基苯 乙烯等； (6) 乙烯酯類 醋酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、異丁酸乙烯酯、 安息香酸乙烯酯、水楊酸乙烯酯、氯醋酸乙烯酯、甲氧基醋 酸乙烯酯、苯基醋酸乙烯酯等； (7) 乙烯醚類 甲基乙烯醚、乙基乙烯醚、正丙基乙烯醚、異丙基乙烯 醚、正丁基乙烯醚、異丁基乙烯醚、第三丁基乙烯醚、正戊 基乙烯醚、正己基乙烯醚、正辛基乙烯醚、正十二基乙烯醚、 正二十基乙烯醚、2-乙基己基乙烯醚、環己基乙烯醚、氟丁 -30- 1354840 基乙烯醚、氟丁氧基乙基乙烯醚等； (8)其他之聚合性單體 N -乙嫌吡略院酮、甲基乙稀酮、苯基乙稀酮、甲氧基乙 基乙烯酮、2-乙烯噁唑啉、2-異丙烯噁唑啉等。 該通式（1)中，B較宜含有下列通式（3)所示之重複 單位的至少一個。 通式（3 ) R2 R1I ester, 2-bromoethyl acrylate, 4-chlorobutyl acrylate, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, methoxy benzoic acid acrylate, acrylic acid-2 -Chlorocyclohexyl ester, furyl acrylate, tetrahydrofuran acrylate, propylene-28-1354840 acid-2-methoxyethyl ester, acrylic acid-ω-methoxy polyethylene glycol ester (addition of polyethylene oxide) Moir number η = 2~100), 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) Ethyl)ethyl ester, 1-bromo-2-methoxyethyl acrylate, 1,1-dichloro-2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid-glycidyl ester, etc.; (3b) methyl Alkyl acrylates methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, second butyl methacrylate , butyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate 'methacryl Stearate oxime ester, methyl benzyl ester, phenyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, furyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofuran methacrylate, methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-ω-methoxy polyethylene glycol ester (additional molar number of polyethylene oxide) η = 2~1 00 ), 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-2 -butoxyethyl ester, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) methacrylate, methyl diacetate, propylene glycol acrylate, methyl methacrylate-3-trimethoxydecyl propyl ester , allyl methacrylate, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, etc.; (3c) diester of unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid dimethyl maleate, dibutyl maleate Dimethyl methacrylate, dibutyl benzoate, dibutyl crotonate, dihexyl crotonate, diethyl fumarate, gamma-29-1354840 dimethyl acid, etc.; (3d) unsaturated carboxylic acid Indoleamine N,N-dimethylpropane Acid amide, N,N-diethyl decylamine, N-n-propyl decyl decylamine, N-tert-butyl decyl decylamine, N-second octyl methacrylate decylamine, N-cyclohexyl Ammonium acrylate, N-phenyl decyl amide, N-(2-acetamethylene oxyethyl) decyl amide, N-phenyl methacrylate, N-propenyl morpholine, diacetone acrylate Amine, N-methyl maleic anhydride, imine, etc.; (4) Unsaturated nitrile acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc.; (5) Styrene and its derivatives styrene, methyl styrene, ethyl benzene Ethylene, p-tert-butyl styrene, p-ethylene benzoic acid methyl ester, α-methyl styrene, p-chloromethyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, p-methoxy styrene, p-hydroxymethyl styrene, pair B (6) vinyl ester vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl salicylate, vinyl chloroacetate, A Vinyl vinyl acetate, phenyl vinyl acetate, etc.; (7) vinyl ether methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl , n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, n-pentyl vinyl ether, n-hexyl vinyl ether, n-octyl vinyl ether, n-dodecyl vinyl ether, n-dodecyl vinyl ether , 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, fluorobutane-30-1354840-based vinyl ether, fluorobutoxyethyl vinyl ether, etc.; (8) other polymerizable monomers N-B suspected Pyrolin Ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, phenyl ketene, methoxy ethyl ketene, 2-vinyl oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl oxazoline and the like. In the formula (1), B preferably contains at least one of the repeating units represented by the following formula (3). General formula (3) R2 R1

式（3 )中，R1、R2與R3係表示分別獨立的氫原子、烷 基、齒素原子或一 L一 Q所不之官能基。L係表示二價連結 基，Q係表示具有烷基或氫鍵結性基的極性基。 式（3 )中，R1、R2與R3係表示分別獨立的氫原子、烷 基、鹵素原子（例如，氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等） 或後述之一 L— Q所示之官能基，較宜爲氫原子、碳數1〜6 之烷基、氯原子、—L—Q所示之官能基，更佳爲氫原子、 · 碳數1〜4之烷基，尤以氫原子、碳數1〜2之烷基更爲理想。 該烷基之具體例，可列舉：甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、 第二丁基等。該烷基也可以具有適宜之取代基。該取代基可 _ 列舉：鹵素原子、芳基、雜環基、烷氧基、芳氧基'烷硫代 . 基、芳硫代基、醯基、羥基、醯氧基、胺基、烷氧羰胺基、 醯胺基、羧羰基、胺基甲醯基、磺醯基、胺磺醯基、磺胺基、 硫醯基、羧基等。 還有，烷基之碳數係不含取代基之碳原子。以下，針對 -31 - 1354840 其他官能基之碳數也是同樣的。 L較宜爲由下列連結基群所選出的官能基、或是組合此 等二個以上而形成的二價連結基。 (連結基群） 單鍵、—〇-、-C〇—、一 NR4- ( R4表示氫原子、烷 基、芳基或芳烷基）、—S-、一 S02—、— P(=0) (OR5) _(R5表示烷基、芳基或芳烷基）、伸烷基與伸苯基。 L 較宜含有單鍵、一Ο-、- CO-、一 NR4—、— S—、 —S〇2—、伸院基或伸芳基，更佳爲含有一 co—、— 〇—、 —NR4—、伸烷基或伸芳基，最好爲含有一C0—、一 〇-、 —NR4 —或伸院基。 L含有伸烷基之情形，伸烷基之碳數較宜爲1〜10，更 佳爲1〜8，尤以1〜6最好。特別理想之伸烷基的具體例， 可列舉：亞甲基、伸乙基、三亞甲基、四亞甲基、六亞甲基 等。 L含有伸芳基之情形，伸芳基之碳數較宜爲6〜24，更 佳爲6〜18,尤以6〜12最好。特別理想之伸芳基的具體例， 可列舉：伸苯基、伸萘基等。 L含有組合伸烷基與伸芳基而得到的二價連結基（亦 即，芳烷基）之情形，芳烷基之碳數較宜爲7〜34，更佳爲 7〜26，尤以76〜16最好。特別理想之伸芳基的具體例，可 列舉：伸苯基亞甲基、伸苯基伸乙基、亞甲基伸苯基等。 L所列舉之官能基也可以具有適宜之取代基。如此之取 代基可列舉：相同於作爲先前R1〜 R3之取代基所列舉之取 -32- 1354840 代基。 以下， 例所限定。U-1ΙΛ Lr3 L4 Lr5 Lr6 Lrl 1^8 Lr9 L-10 ΙΛ1 列舉L之具體構造，但是本發明並非受此等具體 ——（單結合） L-12 —coo—(-ch2~^2 /=\ -C00-f-CH243· L-13 _coo~\_/ -coo-fcH2-)7 h-U -coo-/~) -COO-fCHz-fg M -CONH-^^ —COO— L-15 yH3 -coo{-ch2-^chch2— ΙΛ6 -cooch2ch2och2— -CONWfCH2-)r L-17 -coo-^ch2ch2o^ch2· -CONHf-CH2-)7 ch3 -CON-^-CHa-^g I>18 ~CONH~~^ ^ och2—In the formula (3), R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a dentate atom or a functional group which is not a compound of L-Q. L represents a divalent linking group, and Q represents a polar group having an alkyl group or a hydrogen bonding group. In the formula (3), R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom or the like) or one of L-Q described later. The functional group is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a chlorine atom, or a functional group represented by -L-Q, more preferably a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly hydrogen. An atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms are more desirable. Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, a n-butyl group, and a second butyl group. The alkyl group may also have a suitable substituent. The substituent may be exemplified by a halogen atom, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy 'alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a decyl group, a hydroxyl group, a decyloxy group, an amine group, an alkoxy group. Acarbonylamine, amidino, carboxycarbonyl, aminomethylindenyl, sulfonyl, sulfonyl, sulfonyl, thiol, carboxyl and the like. Further, the carbon number of the alkyl group is a carbon atom which does not contain a substituent. Hereinafter, the carbon number of the other functional groups is also the same for -31 - 1354840. L is preferably a functional group selected from the following linking groups or a divalent linking group formed by combining two or more of these. (linking group) single bond, -〇-, -C〇-, one NR4- (R4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group), -S-, a S02-, - P (=0) (OR5) _ (R5 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group), an alkyl group and a phenyl group. L preferably contains a single bond, a Ο-, -CO-, an NR4-, -S-, -S〇2-, a stretching or an aryl group, and more preferably a co-, - 〇-, - NR4-—alkyl or aryl, preferably containing a C0—, a 〇-, —NR 4 — or a stretching base. When L contains an alkylene group, the carbon number of the alkyl group is preferably from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 8, particularly preferably from 1 to 6. Specific examples of the particularly preferred alkylene group include a methylene group, an ethylidene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, and a hexamethylene group. When L contains an aryl group, the carbon number of the aryl group is preferably from 6 to 24, more preferably from 6 to 18, particularly preferably from 6 to 12. Specific examples of the particularly desirable exoaryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. L contains a divalent linking group (that is, an aralkyl group) obtained by combining an alkyl group and an aryl group, and the carbon number of the aralkyl group is preferably from 7 to 34, more preferably from 7 to 26, particularly 76~16 is the best. Specific examples of the particularly desirable exoaryl group include a phenylmethylene group, a phenylethyl group, and a methylene group. The functional group exemplified in L may have a suitable substituent. Such a substituent may be exemplified by the same as the substituents taken as the substituents of the previous R1 to R3, which are -32- 1354840. Hereinafter, the examples are defined. U-1ΙΛ Lr3 L4 Lr5 Lr6 Lrl 1^8 Lr9 L-10 ΙΛ1 List the specific structure of L, but the present invention is not subject to such specificity - (single combination) L-12 - coo - (-ch2~^2 /= \ -C00-f-CH243· L-13 _coo~\_/ -coo-fcH2-)7 hU -coo-/~) -COO-fCHz-fg M -CONH-^^ —COO— L-15 yH3 - Coo{-ch2-^chch2— ΙΛ6 -cooch2ch2och2— -CONWfCH2-)r L-17 -coo-^ch2ch2o^ch2· -CONHf-CH2-)7 ch3 -CON-^-CHa-^g I>18 ~CONH ~~^ ^ och2—

-CONl+f-CHa-)-!!-CONl+f-CHa-)-!!

33- 1354840 so2nhch2ch2- L"20 -o-33- 1354840 so2nhch2ch2- L"20 -o-

Lr22 L-24 CHg-Lr22 L-24 CHg-

—^^-0CH2CH2' L-23 -C00-CH2CH20C0 ^^-och2ch2nhcoch2ch2- L-26 —{—CHo L*27 —〇- *ch2^-o-ch2 Q所示之具有氫鍵結性之極性基較宜爲羥基、羧基、g 基之鹽類（例如，鋰鹽、鈉鹽、鉀鹽、銨鹽（例如，銨、四 甲基銨、三甲基-2-羥乙基銨、四丁基銨、三甲基苯甲基鞍、 二甲基苯基銨等）、吡啶鑰鹽等）、羧酸之醯胺（N無取代 物或N -單低烷基取代物，例如，-conh2、-CONHCH3等） 磺基、磺基之鹽（形成鹽之陽離子例子係相同於該羧基所揭 示的例子）、楓醯胺基（N無取代物或N -單低烷基取代物， 例如，-S02NH2、- S02NHCH3等）、膦基、膦基之鹽（形 成鹽之陽離子例子係相同於該羧基所揭示的例子）、膦醯胺 -34 - 1354840 基（N無取代物或…單低烷基取代物，例如，_ 〇p ( = 〇 ) (NH2)2、- 〇P( = 0) ( NHCH3)2 等）、脲基（_ NHC〇NH2)、 N位爲無取代或單取代之胺基（_nh2、— NHCH3)等（此 處’低烷基表示甲基或乙基）。更佳爲羥基、羧基、磺基或 膦基，尤以羥基或羧基最好。 Q所示之烷基，碳數較宜爲1〜20，更佳爲1〜12，尤 以1〜8之烷基最好。例如，可列舉：甲基、乙基、異丙基、 第三丁基、正辛基、正癸基、正十六基、環丙基、環戊基' 環己基等。 該通式（1)所示之聚合物中所含之該重複單位A與B 可以單獨一瘇，也可以同時存在二種以上重複單位A與B。 B較宜爲同時存在羥基與羧基之二種以上重複單位所構成 的，最好爲同時存在羥基、羧基與烷基之三種以上重複單位 所構成的。 a係1〜100質量％ 、1)係0〜99質量％之數値，a較宜 爲5〜100質量％、b較宜爲0〜95質量％，a更佳爲1〇〜1,00 質量％、b更佳爲0〜90質量％，尤以a爲30〜100質量％ 、 b爲0〜70質量％以上之情形最好。該質量百分率係根據所 用之單體的分子量，由於較佳範圍之數値容易變動，以聚合 物每單位質量的官能基莫耳數所示之方式能夠正確地規定 重複單位之含量。利用該標示之情形’於本發明之聚合物 中，較宜含有0.1〜iOmmol/g之氫鍵結性極性基，尤以含有 0.2〜8mmol/g之氫鍵結性極性基特別理想。 針對爲了製造該通式（1)所示之聚合物的聚合方法， -35- 1354840 雖然無特別之限定，例如，能夠採用乙烯基之陽離子聚合、 自由基聚合或陰離子聚合等之聚合方法，此等方法之中，基 於能被泛用之觀點，自由基聚合特別理想。 自由基聚合之聚合起始劑，雖然能夠使用自由基熱聚合 起始劑或自由基光聚合起始劑等之習知化合物，尤以使用自 由基熱聚合起始劑特別理想。此處之自由基熱聚合起始劑係 一種藉由加熱至分解溫度以上而產生自由基的化合物。如此 之自由基熱聚合起始劑，例如，可列舉：二醯基過氧化物（乙 醯基過氧化物、苯醯基過氧化物、酮過氧化物甲基乙基酮過 氧化物、環己酮過氧化物等）、氫過氧化物（過氧化氫、第 三丁基氫過氧化物、異丙苯基氫過氧化物等）、二烷基過氧 化物（二-第三丁基過氧化物、二異丙苯基過氧化物、雙十 二烷基過氧化物等）、過氧酯類（第三丁基過氧酯、第三丁 基過氧三甲基乙醯酯等）' 偶氮系化合物（偶氮雙異丁腈、 偶氮雙異戊腈等）、過硫酸鹽類（過硫酸銨、過硫酸鈉、過 硫酸鉀等）。如此之自由基熱聚合起始劑可以單獨使用一 種，或是也可以組合二種以上而使用。 自由基聚合方法，並無特別之限制，可以使用乳化聚合 法、懸浮聚合法、塊狀聚合法、溶液聚合法等。進一步針對 典型自由基聚合方法的溶液聚合進行更具體之說明。其他之 聚合方法大致上爲相同的，其詳細內容，例如已揭示於「高 分子科學實驗法」高分子學會編（東京化學同人、1981年） 等。 爲了進行溶液聚合而使用有機溶劑。於不損及本發明之 -36- 1354840 目的、效果的範圍內，此等有機溶劑可以任意加以選擇。此 等有機溶劑通常於一大氣壓力下之沸點係具有50〜200 °C範 圍內之値的有機化合物，較宜使各構造成分得以均勻溶解的 有機化合物。若舉出較佳之有機溶劑的例子，可列舉：異丙 醇、丁醇等醇類；二丁基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、四氫呋喃、 二噁烷等醚類；丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮 等酮類；醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、醋酸戊酯、r -丁內酯等酯 類；苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烴類。還有，此等有機溶劑 可以使用單獨一種或組合二種以上。再者，基於單體或所生 成之聚合物溶解性的觀點，也可以採行合倂使用該有機溶劑 與水的水混合型有機溶劑。 另外，溶液聚合條件也無特別之限制，例如，較宜於 50〜200 °C之溫度範圍內，進行10分鐘〜30小時之加熱。再 者，爲了不使所產生的自由基失活，當然，溶液聚合進行中 與溶液聚合開始前，較宜進行不活性氣體沖洗。通常不活性 氣體較宜使用氮氣。 爲了得到本發明聚合物之較佳分子量範圍，使用鏈轉移 劑之自由基聚合法特別有效。 鏈轉移劑可以使用硫醇類（例如，辛基硫醇、癸基硫醇、 十二烷硫醇、第三-十二烷硫醇、十八烷硫醇、苯硫酚、對 壬基苯硫酚等）、多鹵素之烷類（例如，四氯化碳、氯仿、 1，1，1-三氯乙烷：1，1，1-三溴辛烷等）' 低活性單體類（α -甲基苯乙烯、α·甲基苯乙烯二量體等）之任一種，較宜爲 碳數4〜16之硫醇類。此等鏈轉移劑之用量係明顯受鏈轉移 •37- 1354840 劑活性或單體組合、聚合條件等影響，必須予以嚴密控制， 相對於所用之單體的所有莫耳數，其用量通常約爲0.01〜50 莫耳％ ，更佳爲0.05〜30莫耳％ ，尤以0.08〜25莫耳％特 別理想。此等鏈轉移劑最好於聚合過程中，與應控制聚合度 之對象單體同時存在於反應系內，其添加方法並無特別限 制。可以溶於單體後再進行添加，也可以與單體分別進行添 加。 本發明通式（1)所示之聚合物的質量平均分子量較宜 爲1000000以下，更佳爲500000以下，尤以100000以下更 爲理想。質量平均分子量係利用凝膠滲透層析儀（GPC )， 可以測得聚環氧乙烷（PEO )換算値。 以下，顯示能夠適用於本發明通式（1)所示之聚合物 的實施例，但是本發明並非受此等實施例所限定。於此實施 例之式中的數値.，分別表示各單體組成比的質量百分率，Mw 表示利用GPC所測定之PEO換算的質量平均分子量。—^^-0CH2CH2' L-23 -C00-CH2CH20C0 ^^-och2ch2nhcoch2ch2- L-26 —{—CHo L*27 —〇- *ch2^-o-ch2 The hydrogen-bonded polar group represented by Q More preferably, it is a salt of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or a g group (for example, a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, an ammonium salt (for example, ammonium, tetramethylammonium, trimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium, tetrabutyl) Ammonium, trimethylbenzyl saddle, dimethylphenylammonium, etc.), pyridylamine, etc., carboxylic acid decylamine (N-unsubstituted or N-mono-lower alkyl substituent, for example, -conh2 -CONHCH3, etc.) a salt of a sulfo group or a sulfo group (an example of a salt-forming cation is the same as that disclosed by the carboxyl group), a maple amidino group (N-unsubstituted or N-mono-low alkyl substituent, for example, - a salt of S02NH2, -S02NHCH3, etc., a phosphino group, a phosphino group (an example of a cation forming a salt is the same as that disclosed by the carboxyl group), a phosphoniumamine-34 - 1354840 group (N-unsubstituted or ... a mono-low alkyl group) Substituents, for example, _ 〇p ( = 〇) (NH2) 2, - 〇P( = 0) (NHCH3)2, etc.), urea group (_NHC〇NH2), N-position is unsubstituted or monosubstituted amine Base (_nh2, -NHCH3), etc. (here 'low Alkyl means methyl or ethyl). More preferably, it is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group or a phosphino group, and particularly preferably a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group. The alkyl group represented by Q preferably has a carbon number of from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 12, particularly preferably an alkyl group of from 1 to 8. For example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-octyl group, a n-decyl group, a n-hexadecyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl 'cyclohexyl group, etc. are mentioned. The repeating units A and B contained in the polymer represented by the formula (1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds of repeating units A and B. B is preferably composed of two or more repeating units of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, and is preferably composed of three or more repeating units of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and an alkyl group. a is 1 to 100% by mass, 1) is 0 to 99% by mass, a is preferably 5 to 100% by mass, b is preferably 0 to 95% by mass, and a is preferably 1 to 1,00. The mass % and b are more preferably 0 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably a is 30 to 100% by mass, and b is preferably 0 to 70% by mass or more. The percentage by mass is based on the molecular weight of the monomer used, and the amount of the repeating unit can be accurately specified in such a manner that the number of moles of the polymer per unit mass of the polymer is easily changed. In the case of using the label, it is preferable that the polymer of the present invention contains a hydrogen-bonding polar group of 0.1 to 10 mmol/g, and particularly preferably a hydrogen-bonding polar group of 0.2 to 8 mmol/g. In the polymerization method for producing the polymer represented by the general formula (1), -35-1354840 is not particularly limited, and for example, a polymerization method such as cationic polymerization of a vinyl group, radical polymerization or anionic polymerization can be employed. Among other methods, radical polymerization is particularly desirable based on the point of being widely used. The radical polymerization polymerization initiator is preferably a conventional compound such as a radical thermal polymerization initiator or a radical photopolymerization initiator, and particularly preferably a free radical thermal polymerization initiator. The radical thermal polymerization initiator herein is a compound which generates a radical by heating to a temperature above the decomposition temperature. As such a radical thermal polymerization initiator, for example, a dimercapto peroxide (acetonitrile peroxide, phenylhydrazine peroxide, ketone peroxide methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, ring) Hexanone peroxide, etc.), hydroperoxide (hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumyl hydroperoxide, etc.), dialkyl peroxide (di-tertiary butyl) Peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, dodecyl peroxide, etc., peroxyesters (tertiary butyl peroxyester, t-butyl peroxytrimethyl acetamyl ester, etc.) ) 'Azo compounds (azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisovaleronitrile, etc.), persulfates (ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, etc.). These radical thermal polymerization initiators may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The radical polymerization method is not particularly limited, and an emulsion polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, or the like can be used. Further detailed description is directed to solution polymerization of a typical free radical polymerization method. The other polymerization methods are substantially the same, and the details thereof are disclosed, for example, in the "High Molecular Science Experiment" Polymer Society (Tokyo Chemicals, 1981). An organic solvent is used for solution polymerization. These organic solvents can be arbitrarily selected within the range which does not impair the object and effect of the present invention -36-1354840. These organic solvents are usually organic compounds having a boiling point of from 50 to 200 ° C at a boiling point at atmospheric pressure, and are preferably organic compounds in which the respective constituent components are uniformly dissolved. Examples of preferred organic solvents include alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol and butanol; ethers such as dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; acetone and methyl ethyl Ketones such as ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, and r-butyrolactone; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. Further, these organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, from the viewpoint of the solubility of the monomer or the polymer produced, a water-mixed organic solvent in which the organic solvent and water are used together may be used. Further, the solution polymerization conditions are not particularly limited. For example, it is preferably heated in a temperature range of 50 to 200 ° C for 10 minutes to 30 hours. Further, in order not to deactivate the generated radicals, it is of course preferable to carry out inert gas flushing before the start of solution polymerization and before the start of solution polymerization. Generally, nitrogen is preferably used as the inert gas. In order to obtain a preferred molecular weight range of the polymer of the present invention, a radical polymerization method using a chain transfer agent is particularly effective. Chain transfer agents may use thiols (for example, octyl mercaptan, mercapto mercaptan, dodecanethiol, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, octadecyl mercaptan, thiophenol, p-nonylbenzene a thiophenol or the like, a polyhalogenated alkane (for example, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane: 1,1,1-tribromooctane, etc.) Any of α-methylstyrene and α-methylstyrene dimer, etc., is preferably a mercaptan having 4 to 16 carbon atoms. The amount of such chain transfer agent is obviously affected by the activity of chain transfer, 37-1354840 agent, monomer combination, polymerization conditions, etc., and must be tightly controlled. The amount of the chain transfer agent is usually about the same as the total number of moles of the monomer used. 0.01 to 50 mol%, more preferably 0.05 to 30 mol%, especially 0.08 to 25 mol% is particularly desirable. These chain transfer agents are preferably present in the reaction system at the same time as in the polymerization process, and the addition method is not particularly limited. It may be added after being dissolved in the monomer, or may be added separately from the monomer. The polymer represented by the formula (1) of the present invention preferably has a mass average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 500,000 or less, and particularly preferably 100,000 or less. The mass average molecular weight is measured by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and polyethylene oxide (PEO) equivalent enthalpy can be measured. Hereinafter, examples which can be applied to the polymer represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention are shown, but the present invention is not limited by the examples. The number in the formula of the examples shows the mass percentage of each monomer composition ratio, and Mw represents the mass average molecular weight in terms of PEO measured by GPC.

-38- 1354840 p-i-38- 1354840 p-i

a/bl/b2=33/28/39 Mw=9000 CH2-CH-j-^1 f CH2-CH- P-2a/bl/b2=33/28/39 Mw=9000 CH2-CH-j-^1 f CH2-CH- P-2

b2 C02CH2CH2〇H C02CH2CH2N+(CH3)3Cr aA)l/b2=33/28/39B2 C02CH2CH2〇H C02CH2CH2N+(CH3)3Cr aA)l/b2=33/28/39

Mw=8000 P-3Mw=8000 P-3

bl -ch2-Bl -ch2-

b2 co2ch2chzoh co2ch2ch2n(ch3)2 a/bl/b2=33/28/39 Mw=10000 P-4B2 co2ch2chzoh co2ch2ch2n(ch3)2 a/bl/b2=33/28/39 Mw=10000 P-4

bl -ch2-Bl -ch2-

b2 co2ch2ch2〇h conhch2ch2n+(ch3)3 cr a/bl/b2=33/28/39 Mw=8000 P-5B2 co2ch2ch2〇h conhch2ch2n+(ch3)3 cr a/bl/b2=33/28/39 Mw=8000 P-5

^-CH2-CH^ bl •CH2—fHtb2 CO2CH2CH2OH C02(CH2CH(CH3)0)7H a/bl/b2=33/28/39 M\v=12000 -39- 1354840 P-6^-CH2-CH^ bl •CH2—fHtb2 CO2CH2CH2OH C02(CH2CH(CH3)0)7H a/bl/b2=33/28/39 M\v=12000 -39- 1354840 P-6

C2H5C2H5

bl CCbCH2CH2〇H j /b3 co2h CC^C+Hfl ηΛΙΛ»2Λ)3«33/28/33/6 Mw=^000 P-7 P-8Bl CCbCH2CH2〇H j /b3 co2h CC^C+Hfl ηΛΙΛ»2Λ)3«33/28/33/6 Mw=^000 P-7 P-8

C〇zCHfiHz〇H C02C2H5 COaH COaH a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=9000C〇zCHfiHz〇H C02C2H5 COaH COaH a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=9000

bl C02CH2CH20H ch2-ch b2 C〇2C4H0 co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33/2S/33/6 Mw=7000Bl C02CH2CH20H ch2-ch b2 C〇2C4H0 co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33/2S/33/6 Mw=7000

C02CH2CH2OH C〇2C4H〇 COaH P-9 P-10 P-llC02CH2CH2OH C〇2C4H〇 COaH P-9 P-10 P-ll

a/bl/b2/b3«33/28/33/6a/bl/b2/b3«33/28/33/6

Mw-12000 C〇zCH2〇H2OH co2c4h9 co2h sJblfb2fb3^33/2m3/6Mw-12000 C〇zCH2〇H2OH co2c4h9 co2h sJblfb2fb3^33/2m3/6

Mw=*12000Mw=*12000

CO2CH2CH2OH COjGiHg C02H a/bl/b2/b3=33/28y33/6CO2CH2CH2OH COjGiHg C02H a/bl/b2/b3=33/28y33/6

Mw=12000 -40- 1354840 P-12 P-13Mw=12000 -40- 1354840 P-12 P-13

CH2"CH rb3CH2"CH rb3

C〇2CH2CH2OH C〇2C4He C02H a/b^2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=8000 •GH2一 CH_C〇2CH2CH2OH C〇2C4He C02H a/b^2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=8000 •GH2_CH_

_ bl \ w,：i y1' } b2 CO2CH2CH2OH CO2C2HS •ch2- CH- b3 CO2H a^l/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=^000_ bl \ w,:i y1' } b2 CO2CH2CH2OH CO2C2HS •ch2- CH- b3 CO2H a^l/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=^000

P-15 P-14P-15 P-14

ch2-ch •CH2—CH_ ,bl V WI>2 f i b2 CO2CH2CH2OH C〇aC4Hg b3 co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33 删 3/6 Mw-13000 〇tfS£/ co2ch2ch2oh co2c4h6 co2hCh2-ch •CH2—CH_ , bl V WI>2 f i b2 CO2CH2CH2OH C〇aC4Hg b3 co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33 Delete 3/6 Mw-13000 〇tfS£/ co2ch2ch2oh co2c4h6 co2h

co2ch2ch2oh co2c4h6 co2h a/bl/b2/b3-33/28/33/6 Mw=12000Co2ch2ch2oh co2c4h6 co2h a/bl/b2/b3-33/28/33/6 Mw=12000

P-16P-16

ch2-ch 〇Ct2H2SCh2-ch 〇Ct2H2S

« bl C〇2W2CH2〇H« bl C〇2W2CH2〇H

CHrCH I b2 C02C4H9 CH2-fH-7b3- C02H a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Μλυ=11000 -41- 1354840 P-17CHrCH I b2 C02C4H9 CH2-fH-7b3- C02H a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Μλυ=11000 -41- 1354840 P-17

OC12H25 -严飞址叫-严-Μί ~ b2 C02CH2CH20H C02C2Hs •GH2—9H P-18OC12H25 - Yan Fei site is called - Yan - Μί ~ b2 C02CH2CH20H C02C2Hs • GH2-9H P-18

f- A3 COzHF- A3 COzH

a/bl/b^3=33/28/33/6 Mw=9000 0012Η25 oc12h25 P-19a/bl/b^3=33/28/33/6 Mw=9000 0012Η25 oc12h25 P-19

co2ch2ch2oh C02C4He co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33 励 3/6 Mw=13000 P-20Co2ch2ch2oh C02C4He co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33 excitation 3/6 Mw=13000 P-20

CH,-CHCH,-CH

bl C02CH2CH2OH CH^ftb2rCH^f-fe- co2c4h9 co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw-12000 P-21Bl C02CH2CH2OH CH^ftb2rCH^f-fe- co2c4h9 co2h a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw-12000 P-21

ch2-ch-^-£1 ^ ch2-ch co2ch2ch2oh ( b2 CO2C4H9 -ch2-ch- b3 C〇2H a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=11000 -42- 1354840 列舉之化合物以外，也可以將揭示於特開2002-20363、 特開2002-1291 62號公報之化合物作爲空氣界面配向劑使 用。另外，揭示於特願2002-212100號之段落編號[〇〇72]〜 [0075]、特願 2002-2 62 239 號之段落編號[〇〇37]〜[0039]、特 願 2003-91752 號之段落編號[0071]〜[0078]、特願 2003- 1 19959 號之段落編號[0052]〜[0054]、[0065]〜 [0066]、[0 09 2]〜[0 094]、特願 2003-330303 號之段落編號 [0028]〜[0030]之內容也能夠適用於本發明。 對於液晶塗布液之空氣界面配向劑的用量較宜爲0.05 〜5質量％ 。另外，使用氟系空氣界面配向劑之情形，較宜 爲1質量％以下。 [相位差層之其他組成物] 可以將該液晶性化合物與可塑劑、界面活性劑、聚合性 單體等合倂使用，使塗布膜之均勻性、薄膜之強度、液晶性 化合物之配向性等予以提高。此等材料較宜具有與液晶性化 合物的相溶性，不妨礙配向。 聚合性單體可列舉：自由基聚合性或陽離子聚合性之化 合物。較宜爲多官能性自由基聚合性單體，更佳爲含有該聚 合性基之液晶化合物與共聚合性單體。例如，揭示於特開 2002-296423號公報專利說明書中之段落編號[0018]〜 [0 02 0]之內容。相對於圓盤狀液晶性分子，該化合物之添加 量一般爲1〜50質量％之範圍，更佳爲5〜30質量％之範圍。 界面活性劑可列舉習知之化合物，但是以氟系化合物特 別理想。具體而言，例如可列舉：揭示於特開200 1 -3 30725 -43- 1354840 號專利說明書中之段落編號[0028]〜[0056]之化合物、揭示 於特願2003-295212號專利說明書中之段落編號[0069]〜 [0126]之化合物。 與液晶性化合物合倂使用之聚合物較宜能增加塗布液 之黏度。聚合物之例子，可列舉：纖維素酯。纖維素酯之較 佳例子，可列舉：揭示於特開2000- 1 552 1 6號公報專利說明 書中之段落編號[017 8]之纖維素酯》爲了不阻礙液晶性化合 物之配向，相對於液晶性分子，該聚合物之添加量較宜爲0.1 〜10質量％之範圍，更佳爲0.1〜8質量％之範圍。液晶性 化合物之碟狀向列型液晶相-固相轉移溫度較宜爲70〜 3〇〇°C，更佳爲 7〇 〜17〇°C。 [載體] 本發明也可以使用透明載體。透明載體較宜使用波長分 散小的聚合物薄膜。透明載體之光學異方向性宜小。所謂載 體爲透明的，係指光透射率爲80%以上。所謂波長分散小， 具體而言，Re400/Re700之比宜小於1.2。具體而言，面內 遲滯値（Re)較宜爲20nm以下，更佳爲10 nm以下。聚合 物之例子，包括：纖維素酯、聚碳酸酯、聚颯、聚醚颯、聚 丙烯酸酯與聚甲基丙烯酸酯。較宜爲纖維素酯，更佳爲乙醢 纖維素，最好爲三乙醯纖維素。聚合物薄膜較宜藉由溶劑繞 鑄法予以形成。透明載體之厚度較宜爲20〜500/ζηι，更佳 爲50〜200/zm。爲了改善透明載體與於其上所設置之薄層 (接著層、垂直配向膜或相位差層）之接著，於透明載體上 也可以進行表面處理（例如輝光放電處理、電暈放電處理、 -44 - 1354840 [實施例1] <IPS模式液晶胞1之製作> 於一片玻璃基板上，如第1圖所示，使相鄰接的電極間 距離成爲20ym而配置電極（第1圖中之2與3),於其上， 設置聚醯亞胺膜作爲配向膜，進行平磨處理；於第1圖中所 示之方向4,進行平磨處理。另外’於已備妥之一片玻璃基 板一側表面，設置聚醯亞胺膜，進行平磨處理而作成配向 膜。使彼此配向膜相向，基板之間隔（間隙：d)設爲3.9#m， 並使二片玻璃基板之平磨方向成爲平行般地將二片玻璃基 板相重疊而貼合，接著，封入折射率異方向性（Δη)爲0.0769 與介電率異方向性（Ae )爲正4.5之向列型液晶組成物。液 晶層之An · d的値爲300nm。 <光學補償薄膜1之製作> (第1相位差區域之製作） 將下列組成物倒入攪拌槽，一面加熱一面攪拌而溶解各 成分，調製具有下列組成之纖維素醋酸酯溶液。 纖 維 素 醋酸 酯 溶液 之 組 成 醯 化 度 60.9% 之纖 維 素 醋 酸酯 1 0 0份質量 三 苯 基 磷酸 酯 (可 塑 劑 ) 7.8份質量 聯 苯 二 苯基 磷 酸酯 ( 可 塑 劑） 3.9份質量 二 氯 甲 烷（ 第 1溶 劑 ) 3 0 0份質量 甲 醇 ( 第2 溶 劑） 54份質量 1 - 丁 醇 (第 3 : 溶劑 ) 1 1份質量 -46 1354840 於另—攪拌槽中，倒入16份質量之下列遲滯上升劑、 80份質量之二氯甲烷與20份質量之甲醇’一面加熱一面攪 拌而調製遲滯上升劑溶液。將7份質量之遲滯上升劑溶液混 入487份質量之纖維素醋酸酯溶液中’充分攪拌後調製膠 漿。 遲滯上升劑Ch2-ch-^-£1 ^ ch2-ch co2ch2ch2oh ( b2 CO2C4H9 -ch2-ch- b3 C〇2H a/bl/b2/b3=33/28/33/6 Mw=11000 -42- 1354840 In addition, the compound disclosed in JP-A-2002-20363, JP-A-2002-1291 62 can also be used as an air interface alignment agent. Further, it is disclosed in the paragraph No. 2002-212100, paragraph number [〇〇72]~ [ Paragraph No. 2002-2 62 239 No. 2002-2 62 239 [〇〇37]~[0039], paragraphs 2003-91752, paragraph number [0071]~[0078], and paragraphs 2003- 1 19959 The contents of [002] to [0054], [0065] to [0066], [0 09 2] to [0 094], and the paragraph number [0028] to [0030] of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-330303 can also be applied to The amount of the air interface alignment agent to be used in the liquid crystal coating liquid is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass. Further, in the case of using a fluorine-based air interface alignment agent, it is preferably 1% by mass or less. [Other composition of the phase difference layer The liquid crystal compound can be used in combination with a plasticizer, a surfactant, a polymerizable monomer, or the like to impart uniformity of the coating film, strength of the film, and liquid crystal compound. It is preferable to improve the compatibility, etc. These materials preferably have compatibility with a liquid crystal compound and do not interfere with alignment. The polymerizable monomer may be a compound having a radical polymerizable property or a cationic polymerizable property, and more preferably a polyfunctional radical. The polymerizable monomer is more preferably a liquid crystal compound containing the polymerizable group and a copolymerizable monomer. For example, the paragraph number [0018] to [0 02 0] in the patent specification of JP-A-2002-296423 The amount of the compound to be added is generally in the range of 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass based on the discotic liquid crystalline molecule. The surfactant may be a conventional compound, but is a fluorine-based compound. The compound is particularly preferable. Specific examples thereof include a compound of the paragraph number [0028] to [0056] disclosed in JP-A No. 2001-3 30725-43- 1354840, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-295212 The compound of the paragraph number [0069] to [0126] in the patent specification. The polymer used in combination with the liquid crystal compound preferably increases the viscosity of the coating liquid. Examples of the polymer include cellulose. A preferred example of the cellulose ester is a cellulose ester of the paragraph number [017 8] disclosed in the specification of JP-A-2000- 1 552 166, in order not to hinder the alignment of the liquid crystalline compound. The amount of the polymer added is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by mass based on the liquid crystal molecule. The liquid phase-phase liquid crystal phase-solid phase transfer temperature of the liquid crystal compound is preferably 70 to 3 〇〇 ° C, more preferably 7 〇 to 17 ° ° C. [Carrier] A transparent carrier can also be used in the present invention. The transparent carrier preferably uses a polymer film having a small wavelength dispersion. The optical heterogeneity of the transparent carrier should be small. The carrier is transparent and means that the light transmittance is 80% or more. The wavelength dispersion is small, and specifically, the ratio of Re400/Re700 is preferably less than 1.2. Specifically, the in-plane retardation Re (Re) is preferably 20 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less. Examples of the polymer include: cellulose ester, polycarbonate, polyfluorene, polyether oxime, polyacrylate, and polymethacrylate. More preferably, it is a cellulose ester, more preferably ethyl acetonitrile, and most preferably triacetyl cellulose. The polymer film is preferably formed by solvent casting. The thickness of the transparent carrier is preferably from 20 to 500 / ζη, more preferably from 50 to 200 / zm. In order to improve the transparent carrier and the thin layer (adjacent layer, vertical alignment film or retardation layer) provided thereon, surface treatment (for example, glow discharge treatment, corona discharge treatment, -44) may also be performed on the transparent support. - 1354840 [Example 1] <Production of IPS mode liquid crystal cell 1> On one glass substrate, as shown in Fig. 1, the electrode was placed at an interval of 20 μm between adjacent electrodes (Fig. 1) 2 and 3), on which a polyimide film is provided as an alignment film, and a flat grinding treatment is performed; in the direction 4 shown in Fig. 1, a flat grinding treatment is performed. In addition, a glass substrate is prepared. On one side of the surface, a polyimide film was placed and subjected to a flat grinding treatment to form an alignment film. The alignment films were opposed to each other, and the interval (gap: d) of the substrate was set to 3.9 #m, and the flat direction of the two glass substrates was adjusted. The two glass substrates were superposed and bonded in parallel, and then a nematic liquid crystal composition having a refractive index anisotropy (Δη) of 0.0769 and a dielectric anisotropy (Ae ) of 4.5 was sealed. The layer of An · d is 300 nm. <Optical compensation thin (Production of 1) (Preparation of the first phase difference region) The following composition was poured into a stirring tank, and the mixture was stirred while heating to dissolve the components, thereby preparing a cellulose acetate solution having the following composition. 60.9% cellulose acetate 100 parts by mass of triphenyl phosphate (plasticizer) 7.8 parts by mass of biphenyl diphenyl phosphate (plasticizer) 3.9 parts by mass of dichloromethane (1st solvent) 3 0 parts by mass of methanol (2nd solvent) 54 parts of mass 1 - butanol (3rd solvent) 1 1 part by mass - 46 1354840 In a separate stirred tank, pour 16 parts of the following hysteresis riser, 80 parts The mass of methylene chloride and 20 parts by mass of methanol are stirred while heating to prepare a retardation riser solution. 7 parts of the mass retardation enhancer solution is mixed into 487 parts by mass of the cellulose acetate solution, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred to prepare a dope. Hysteresis riser

利用帶狀流延機，進行所得到的膠漿之流延。於帶狀上 之膜面溫度從40 °C起，以60 °C熱風乾燥1分鐘，再將薄膜 從帶狀物上予以剝取。接著，以140 °C熱風乾燥10分鐘，製 得厚度80 之纖維素醋酸酯薄膜1。 此薄膜之光學特性係藉由利用自動複折射率計 (KOBRA 21ADH，日本王子計測機器（股份）製），測定 Re之光入射角依存性而求得Re=8nm、Rth=82nm。 (第2相位差區域之製作） 將該纖維素醋酸酯薄膜1之表面進行皂化後，利用線棒 式塗布機，將下列組成之配向膜塗布液，於此薄膜上塗布成 20ml/m2。以60°C熱風乾燥60秒鐘、再以l〇〇°C熱風乾燥120 秒鐘而形成薄膜。接著，於所形成的薄膜上，進行平行於所 形成的薄膜遲相軸方向的平磨處理而得到配向膜。 -47- 1354840 1 〇份質量 37 1份質量 1 19份質量 〇. 5份質量 0.3份質量 配向膜塗布液之組成 下列變性聚乙烯醇 水 甲醇 戊二醛 對甲苯磺酸 變性聚乙烯醇 -下十·7 CH3 OH OCOCH3 OCONHCH2CH2OCOC=CH2 接著，於配向膜上，將1.8g下列碟狀液晶性化合物、 〇.2g環氧乙烷變性三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯（V#360，日本 大阪有機化學（股份）製）、0.06g光聚合起始劑 (Irgacure-907，日本 Ciba Geigy 公司製）、0.02g 增感劑 (Kayacure DETX，日本化藥（股份）製）與O.Olg空氣界 面側垂直配向劑（所列化合物P-6 )，溶於3_9g甲基乙基酮 之溶液，利用#3.4之線棒式塗布機進行塗布。將其貼付於 金屬框中，於125 °C之恆溫槽中加熱3分鐘，使碟狀液晶性 化合物予以配向性。接著，使用1〇〇 °C、120 W/cm高壓水銀 燈，進行30秒鐘UV照射而將碟狀液晶性化合物予以交聯。 之後，放冷至室溫。進行如此方式而製得光學補償膜1。 -48- 1354840 碟狀液晶性化合物The resulting dope was cast using a belt casting machine. The film surface temperature on the strip was dried from 40 ° C at 60 ° C for 1 minute, and the film was peeled off from the strip. Subsequently, it was dried by hot air at 140 °C for 10 minutes to obtain a cellulose acetate film 1 having a thickness of 80. The optical characteristics of the film were determined by measuring the incident angle dependence of Re by an automatic complex refractometer (KOBRA 21ADH, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, Inc.) to obtain Re = 8 nm and Rth = 82 nm. (Preparation of the second phase difference region) After the surface of the cellulose acetate film 1 was saponified, an alignment film coating liquid having the following composition was applied to a film of 20 ml/m2 by a wire bar coater. The film was dried by hot air at 60 ° C for 60 seconds and then dried by hot air at 100 ° C for 120 seconds. Next, an aligning film was formed on the formed film in parallel with the direction of the retardation axis of the formed film to obtain an alignment film. -47- 1354840 1 〇 mass 37 1 part mass 1 19 parts 〇. 5 parts mass 0.3 parts mass alignment film coating liquid composition following denatured polyvinyl alcohol water methanol glutaraldehyde p-toluene sulfonate denatured polyvinyl alcohol - under 10.7 CH3 OH OCOCH3 OCONHCH2CH2OCOC=CH2 Next, on the alignment film, 1.8 g of the following disc-like liquid crystalline compound, 〇.2 g of ethylene oxide-denatured trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V#360, Osaka, Japan Organic Chemical (share) system, 0.06 g of photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure-907, manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd., Japan), 0.02 g of sensitizer (Kayacure DETX, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and O.Olg air interface side The vertical alignment agent (listed compound P-6) was dissolved in a solution of 3 to 9 g of methyl ethyl ketone and coated by a wire bar coater of #3.4. This was placed in a metal frame and heated in a thermostat at 125 ° C for 3 minutes to impart alignment to the discotic liquid crystalline compound. Subsequently, the disk-shaped liquid crystalline compound was crosslinked by UV irradiation for 30 seconds using a high pressure mercury lamp of 1 〇〇 ° C and 120 W/cm. After that, let it cool to room temperature. The optical compensation film 1 was produced in this manner. -48- 1354840 Dish liquid crystal compound

藉由利用自動複折射率計（KOBRA 21ADH，日本王子 計測機器（股份）製），測定光學補償膜1之Re的光入射 角依存性，減去所預先測定之纖維素醋酸酯薄膜之貢獻部分 而僅算出碟狀液晶相位差層的光學特性，Re= 130nm、Rth =-6 5nm，液晶之平均傾斜角爲89.9°，確認了碟狀液晶垂直 配向於膜面。還有，遲相軸方向係平行於配向膜之平磨方向。 於已拉伸的聚乙烯醇薄膜上，吸附碘而製得偏光膜。使 用聚乙烯醇系接著劑，爲了使纖維素醋酸酯薄膜成爲偏光膜 側而將所製作的光學補償膜1貼付於偏光膜之單側。使偏光 膜之透射軸與光學補償膜之遲相軸（第2相位差區域之遲相 軸也與其相一致）平行而予以配置。對於市售的纖維素醋酸 酯薄膜（FujitecTD-80UF，日本富士照相軟片（股份）製， 厚度 80/zm，Re=3nm、Rth=45nm)進行官化處理，使用 聚乙烯醇系接著劑而貼付於偏光膜之相反側。使光學補償膜 1之遲相軸平行於液晶胞之平磨方向（亦即，使第2相位差 區域之遲相軸平行於黑色顯示時之液晶胞液晶分子的遲相 軸），並且使碟狀液晶塗布面側成爲液晶胞側而將光學補償 膜1貼付於該製作的IPS模式液晶胞1之一側。接著，以正 交尼科爾方式配置，於IP S模式液晶胞1之另一側，貼付市 -49- 1354840 付市售的偏光板（HLC2-5618、（股份 得液晶顯不裝置。 <製得之液晶顯示裝置的漏光測定> 測定如此方式所製得之液晶顯示裝 向70°觀察時之漏光爲〇·12% ^ [實施例2] <光學補償薄膜2之製作> 第1相位差區域係使用市售的 (Fujitec TD-80UF，日本富士照相軟 80/zm，Re=3nm' Rth=45nm)，進行 利用線棒式塗布機，將相同於實施例1 此薄膜上塗布成20ml/m2。以60°C熱厘 l〇〇°C熱風乾燥120秒鐘而形成薄膜。 膜上，進行平行於薄膜遲相軸方向的； 膜。 接著，於配向膜上，將實施例1戶/ 性化合物、0 · 2 g環氧乙烷變性三羥甲基 # 3 60，日本大阪有機化學（股份）製） 劑（Irgacure-907，日本 Ciba Geigy 公 劑（Kayacure DETX，日本化藥（股份： 空氣界面側垂直配向劑，溶於3.9g甲 用#3之線棒式塗布機進行塗布。將其 125°C之恆溫槽中加熱3分鐘，使碟狀 向。接著，使用l〇〇°C、120W/cm高壓 )SanRitsu 製）而製 置的漏光。從左側斜 纖維素醋酸酯薄膜 片（股份）製，厚度 其表面之皂化處理， 之配向膜塗布液，於 L乾燥60秒鐘、再以 接著，於所形成的薄 甲磨處理而得到配向 ί用之1.8g碟狀液晶 丨丙烷三丙烯酸酯（V 、〇.〇6g光聚合起始 _司製）、0.02g增感 )製）與〇.〇〇3g下列 基乙基酮之溶液，利 貼付於金屬框中，於 液晶性化合物予以配 水銀燈，進行3 0秒 -50- 1354840 鐘uv照射而將碟狀液晶性化合物予以交聯。之後’放冷至 室溫。進行如此方式，製得光學補償膜2。 空氣界面側垂直配向劑：揭示於特開2002-129162號公報之 所列化合物（32)The optical incident angle dependence of Re of the optical compensation film 1 is measured by an automatic complex refractometer (KOBRA 21ADH, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, Inc.), and the contribution of the previously determined cellulose acetate film is subtracted. Only the optical characteristics of the disc-shaped liquid crystal phase difference layer were calculated, Re = 130 nm, Rth = -6 5 nm, and the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal was 89.9 °, confirming that the disc-like liquid crystal was vertically aligned to the film surface. Further, the direction of the slow phase axis is parallel to the flat grinding direction of the alignment film. A polarizing film was obtained by adsorbing iodine on the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film. The optical compensation film 1 produced was applied to one side of the polarizing film in order to make the cellulose acetate film on the polarizing film side using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive. The transmission axis of the polarizing film and the retardation axis of the optical compensation film (the retardation axes of the second phase difference regions are also coincident with each other) are arranged in parallel. A commercially available cellulose acetate film (Fujitec TD-80UF, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., thickness: 80/zm, Re=3 nm, Rth=45 nm) was subjected to a bureaucratic treatment, and was attached using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive. On the opposite side of the polarizing film. The retardation axis of the optical compensation film 1 is parallel to the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell (that is, the slow phase axis of the second phase difference region is parallel to the slow phase axis of the liquid crystal cell liquid crystal when the black display is displayed), and the dish is made The liquid crystal coated surface side is a liquid crystal cell side, and the optical compensation film 1 is attached to one side of the produced IPS mode liquid crystal cell 1. Next, it is arranged in a crossed Nicols mode, and on the other side of the IP S mode liquid crystal cell 1, a commercially available polarizing plate (HLC2-5618, (shared liquid crystal display device) is attached. Measurement of light leakage of liquid crystal display device obtained by the measurement of light leakage when the liquid crystal display device obtained in such a manner is observed at 70° is 12·12% ^ [Example 2] <Production of optical compensation film 2 > The phase difference region was coated with the commercially available (Fujitec TD-80UF, Japan Fuji Photosoft 80/zm, Re = 3 nm 'Rth = 45 nm), and the film was coated on the same film as in Example 1 using a wire bar coater. The film was formed into 20 ml/m2, and dried by hot air at 60 ° C for 120 seconds to form a film. On the film, parallel to the direction of the slow axis of the film; film. Next, on the alignment film, the examples were 1 household / sex compound, 0 · 2 g ethylene oxide denatured trimethylol # 3 60, Japan Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd. agent (Irgacure-907, Japan Ciba Geigy public agent (Kayacure DETX, Nippon Kayaku) (Shares: air interface side vertical alignment agent, dissolved in 3.9g nail with #3 wire bar coater Coating, heating in a 125 ° C thermostat for 3 minutes to make a dish-like direction. Then, using a 10 ° C, 120 W / cm high pressure (SanRitsu system) to produce light leakage. From the left oblique cellulose acetate A film sheet (stock), a saponification treatment of the surface of the film, and an alignment film coating liquid, which is dried in L for 60 seconds, and then subjected to a thin nail grinding treatment to obtain a 1.8 g disc liquid crystal for alignment.丨propane triacrylate (V, 〇. 〇 6g photopolymerization start _ system), 0.02g sensitization) and 〇. 〇〇 3g of the following base ethyl ketone solution, put in the metal frame, The liquid crystal compound was subjected to a mercury lamp, and the disc-like liquid crystal compound was crosslinked by irradiating with uv for 30 to 50 to 1354 840 uv. Then 'cool down to room temperature. In this manner, the optical compensation film 2 was obtained. Air interface side vertical alignment agent: the compound listed in JP-A-2002-129162 (32)

藉由利用自動複折射率計（KOBRA21ADH，日本王子 計測機器（股份）製），測定光學補償膜2之Re的光入射 角依存性，減去所預先測定之纖維素醋酸酯薄膜之貢獻部分 而僅算出碟狀液晶相位差層之光學特性，Re= 115nm、Rth =-5 7 5nm，液晶之平均傾斜角爲89.9。，確認了碟狀液晶垂 直配向於膜面。還有，遲相軸方向係平行於配向膜之平磨方 向。 使該製得之光學補償膜2之遲相軸平行於液晶胞之平 磨方向（亦即，使第2相位差區域之遲相軸平行於黑色顯示 時之液晶胞液晶分子的遲相軸），並且使碟狀液晶塗布面側 成爲液晶胞側而將光學補償膜2貼付於該製作的ips模式液 晶胞1之一側。接著，以正交尼科爾方式配置，於IPS模式 液晶胞1之另一側，貼付市售的偏光板（HLC2-561 8、（股 份）SanRitsu製）而製得液晶顯示裝置^ 1354840 <製作之液晶顯示裝置的漏光測定> 測定如此方式所製得之液晶顯示裝置的漏光。從左側斜 向70°觀察時之漏光爲0.13% 。 [實施例3] <第2偏光板1之製作> 使用市售的纖維素醋酸酯薄膜（Fujitec TD-8 0UF，日本 富士照相軟片（股份）製，厚度80#m，Re=3nm、Rth = 45nm)，進行其表面之皂化處理，利用線棒式塗布機，將市 售之垂直配向膜（JALS-204R，日本合成橡膠（股份）製） 以甲基乙基酮稀釋成1: 1之後，於此薄膜上塗布成 2.4ml/m2。立即以120t：熱風乾燥120秒鐘。 <垂直配向之棒狀液晶性化合物層之形成> 於配向膜上，將1.8g下列碟狀液晶性化合物、〇.〇6g光 聚合起始劑（Irgacure-907，日本Ciba Geigy公司製）、〇.〇2g 增感劑（Kayacure DETX，日本化藥（股份）製）與〇.〇〇2g 下列空氣界面側垂直配向劑，溶於9.2 g甲基乙基酮之溶液， 利用#2之線棒式塗布機進行塗布。將其貼付於金屬框中， 於100 °C之恆溫槽中加熱2分鐘，使碟狀液晶性化合物予以 配向。接著，使用l〇〇°C、120W/cm高壓水銀燈，進行30 秒鐘UV照射而將碟狀液晶性化合物予以交聯。之後，放冷 至室溫。進行如此方式，製得第2偏光板之保護膜1。 1354840 棒狀液晶化合物By using an automatic complex refractometer (KOBRA 21ADH, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, Inc.), the dependence of the incident angle of Re of the optical compensation film 2 on the light is subtracted from the contribution of the previously determined cellulose acetate film. Only the optical characteristics of the disc-shaped liquid crystal phase difference layer were calculated, Re = 115 nm, Rth = -57 5 5 nm, and the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal was 89.9. It was confirmed that the disc-shaped liquid crystal was vertically aligned to the film surface. Further, the direction of the slow phase axis is parallel to the flat grinding direction of the alignment film. The retardation axis of the obtained optical compensation film 2 is parallel to the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell (that is, the slow phase axis of the second phase difference region is parallel to the slow phase axis of the liquid crystal cell liquid crystal molecule when the black display is displayed) And the disk-shaped liquid crystal coating surface side becomes the liquid crystal cell side, and the optical compensation film 2 is attached to one side of the produced ips mode liquid crystal cell 1. Next, the liquid crystal display device was fabricated by arranging a polarizing plate (HLC2-561 8, manufactured by SanRitsu Co., Ltd.) on the other side of the IPS mode liquid crystal cell 1 to produce a liquid crystal display device ^ 1354840 < Light leakage measurement of the produced liquid crystal display device> The light leakage of the liquid crystal display device obtained in this manner was measured. The light leakage when viewed from the left side at an oblique angle of 70° was 0.13%. [Example 3] <Production of second polarizing plate 1> A commercially available cellulose acetate film (Fujitec TD-8 0UF, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., thickness: 80 #m, Re = 3 nm, Rth = 45 nm), and the surface was saponified, and a commercially available vertical alignment film (JALS-204R, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) was diluted with methyl ethyl ketone to a 1:1 by a bar coater. Thereafter, the film was coated to 2.4 ml/m2. Immediately dry at 120t: hot air for 120 seconds. <Formation of a rod-like liquid crystal compound layer of a vertical alignment> 1.8 g of the following disc-like liquid crystal compound and 6 g of a photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure-907, manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd., Japan) were used for the alignment film. 〇.〇2g sensitizer (Kayacure DETX, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and 〇.〇〇2g The following air interface side vertical alignment agent, soluble in 9.2 g methyl ethyl ketone solution, using #2 The bar coater is used for coating. The film was placed in a metal frame and heated in a thermostat at 100 ° C for 2 minutes to align the liquid crystalline compound. Next, the disk-shaped liquid crystalline compound was crosslinked by UV irradiation for 30 seconds using a high pressure mercury lamp of 100 ° C and 120 W/cm. After that, let it cool to room temperature. In this manner, the protective film 1 of the second polarizing plate was obtained. 1354840 rod-like liquid crystal compound

JfeC=OiCOO(CH2)4〇CJfeC=OiCOO(CH2)4〇C

OCOO(CH2)4〇COCH=CH2 空氣界面側垂直配向劑：揭示於特願2003-119959號之所列 化合物（II-4 )OCOO(CH2)4〇COCH=CH2 Air interface side vertical alignment agent: disclosed in the special product (II-4) listed in Japanese Patent No. 2003-119959

(CH2)3C8Fl7 〇(GH2)3CeFi7 藉由利用自動複折射率計（KOBRA 21ADH，日本王子 計測機器（股份）製），測定保護膜1之Re的光入射角依 存性，Re = 3nm、Rth = 5nm。 接著’於已拉伸的聚乙烯醇萼膜上，吸附碘而製得偏光 膜’使用聚乙烯醇系接著劑，爲了使纖維素醋酸酯薄膜成爲 偏光膜側而將所製作的保護膜1貼付於偏光膜之單側。接 著，對於市售的纖維素醋酸酯薄膜（Fujitec TD-8 0UF，日本 富士照相軟片（股份）製）進行皂化處理，使用聚乙烯醇系 φ 接著劑而貼付於此偏光膜之相反側而形成第2偏光板。再 者，進行相同於實施例1之方式，使纖維素醋酸酯薄膜成爲 偏光膜側而將光學補償膜1貼付於偏光膜之單側，於實施例 · 1所製作的IPS模式液晶胞1之一側，使光學補償膜1之遲 _ 相軸平行於液晶胞之平磨方向（亦即，使第2相位差區域之 遲相軸平行於黑色顯示時之液晶胞液晶分子的遲相軸方 向），並且使碟狀液晶塗布面側成爲液晶胞側，而於偏光膜 相反側進行市售纖維素醋酸酯薄膜而形成的第1偏光膜之貼 -53- 1354840 付。再者，於此液晶胞之另一側，貼付第2偏光板，使其透 射軸成爲垂直於液晶胞之平磨方向，並且保護膜一側面成爲 液晶胞側而製得液晶顯示裝置。 <製作之液晶顯示裝置的漏光測定> 測定如此方式所製得之液晶顯示裝置的漏光。從左側斜 向70°觀察時之漏光爲0.03¾ 。 [實施例4] 於已拉伸的聚乙烯醇薄膜上，吸附碘而製得偏光膜。於 此偏光膜之兩側，使用聚乙烯醇系接著劑貼合表面進行皂化 處理之市售纖維素醋酸酯薄膜（Fujitec T4 0UZ，日本富士照 相軟片（股份）製，厚度 40//m，Re=lnm、Rth=35nm)， 而製得偏光板。除了將此偏光板作爲第2偏光板使用之外， 進行相同於實施例3之方式而製得液晶顯示裝置。 <製作之液晶顯示裝置的漏光測定> 測定如此方式所製得之液晶顯示裝置的·漏光。從左側斜 向7〇<>觀察時之漏光爲0.09% 。 [比較例1 ] 於該製作的IPS模式液晶胞1之兩側，以正交尼科爾方 式配置，貼付市售的偏光板（1^0 2-5618、（股份）83111^311 製）而製得液晶顯示裝置。不使用光學補償膜。於該液晶顯 示裝置，相同於實施例1，使上側偏光板之透射軸平行於液 晶胞之平磨方向而貼付偏光板》測定如此方式所製得之液晶 顯示裝置的漏光。從左側斜向70。觀察時之漏光爲0.55% 。 -54- 1354840 [比較例2] 對於實施例1製作的IPS模式液晶胞1，貼付實施例2 製作的光學補償片2，使其遲相軸垂直於液晶胞之平磨方 向，並且使碟狀液晶塗布面側成爲液晶胞側。接著，於此光 學補償片2上，使透射軸平行於液晶胞之平磨方向而貼付市 售的偏光板（HLC2-5618、（股份）SanRitsu製），進一步 以正交泥科爾方式配置，貼付於IPS模式液晶胞1另一側之 相同偏光板而製得液晶顯示裝置。測定如此方式所製得之液 晶顯示裝置的漏光。從左側斜向70。觀察時之漏光爲1.52 % ，爲極大之値。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置像素區域例的槪略 圖。 第2圖係顯示本發明液晶顯示裝置實施例的槪略圖。 元件符號說明： 1 纖維素醋酸酯薄膜 2 電極 3 電極 4 平磨方向 5a 液晶分子配向方向 5b 液晶分子配向方向 6 a 液晶分子 6b 液晶分子 7a 保護膜 -55- 1354840 7b 保 護 膜 8 第 1 偏 光 膜 9 透 射 軸 10 光 學 補 償 膜 11 第 1 相 位 差 域 12 第 2 相 位 差 丨品 域 13 遲 相 軸 14 第 1 基 板 15 平 磨 處 理 方 向 16 液 晶 層 17 遲 相 軸 方 向 18 第 2 基 板 19 平 磨 處 理 方 向 20a 保 護 膜 20b 保 護 膜 2 1 第 2 偏 光 膜 22 透 射 軸(CH2)3C8Fl7 GH(GH2)3CeFi7 The optical incident angle dependence of Re of the protective film 1 was measured by an automatic complex refractometer (KOBRA 21ADH, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, Inc.), Re = 3 nm, Rth = 5nm. Then, 'the iodine is adsorbed on the stretched polyvinyl alcohol ruthenium film to obtain a polarizing film', and a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive is used, and the produced protective film 1 is attached in order to make the cellulose acetate film a polarizing film side. On one side of the polarizing film. Next, a commercially available cellulose acetate film (Fujitec TD-8 0UF, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) was subjected to a saponification treatment, and a polyvinyl alcohol-based φ-substrate was applied to the opposite side of the polarizing film to form a film. The second polarizer. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, the cellulose acetate film was placed on the polarizing film side, and the optical compensation film 1 was attached to one side of the polarizing film, and the IPS mode liquid crystal cell 1 produced in Example 1 was used. On one side, the late phase axis of the optical compensation film 1 is parallel to the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell (that is, the slow phase axis of the second phase difference region is parallel to the slow axis direction of the liquid crystal cell liquid crystal molecules when the black phase is displayed. In addition, the first polarizing film formed on the opposite side of the polarizing film is a liquid crystal cell side, and the first polarizing film formed on the opposite side of the polarizing film is attached to -53 to 1354840. Further, on the other side of the liquid crystal cell, the second polarizing plate was attached so that the transmission axis became perpendicular to the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell, and the side surface of the protective film became the liquid crystal cell side to obtain a liquid crystal display device. <Measurement of Light Leakage of Liquid Crystal Display Device Produced> The light leakage of the liquid crystal display device obtained in this manner was measured. The light leakage when viewed from the left side at 70° is 0.033⁄4. [Example 4] A polarizing film was obtained by adsorbing iodine on a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film. A commercially available cellulose acetate film (Fujitec T4 0UZ, manufactured by Japan Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., thickness 40/m, Re, which is saponified on the surface of the polarizing film by a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive. =lnm, Rth = 35 nm), and a polarizing plate was produced. A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the polarizing plate was used as the second polarizing plate. <Measurement of Light Leakage of Liquid Crystal Display Device Produced> The light leakage of the liquid crystal display device obtained in this manner was measured. The light leakage from the left side obliquely to 7〇<> is 0.09%. [Comparative Example 1] On both sides of the prepared IPS mode liquid crystal cell 1, a cross-Nicol method was placed, and a commercially available polarizing plate (1^0 2-5618, (stock) 83111^311 system) was attached. A liquid crystal display device is produced. No optical compensation film is used. In the liquid crystal display device, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate was applied to the polarizing plate in parallel with the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell. The light leakage of the liquid crystal display device obtained in this manner was measured. Slant 70 from the left. The light leakage during observation was 0.55%. -54- 1354840 [Comparative Example 2] With respect to the IPS mode liquid crystal cell 1 produced in Example 1, the optical compensation sheet 2 produced in Example 2 was attached so that the retardation axis was perpendicular to the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell, and the dish was made The liquid crystal coated surface side becomes the liquid crystal cell side. Next, on the optical compensation sheet 2, a commercially available polarizing plate (HLC2-5618, manufactured by SanRitsu Co., Ltd.) was attached in parallel with the transmission axis parallel to the flat grinding direction of the liquid crystal cell, and further arranged in an orthogonal clay method. A liquid crystal display device was produced by attaching the same polarizing plate to the other side of the liquid crystal cell 1 of the IPS mode. The light leakage of the liquid crystal display device obtained in this manner was measured. Slant 70 from the left. The light leakage during observation is 1.52%, which is extremely great. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a pixel area of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. Description of the components: 1 cellulose acetate film 2 electrode 3 electrode 4 flat grinding direction 5a liquid crystal molecular alignment direction 5b liquid crystal molecular alignment direction 6 a liquid crystal molecule 6b liquid crystal molecule 7a protective film -55- 1354840 7b protective film 8 first polarizing film 9 Transmission axis 10 Optical compensation film 11 First phase difference domain 12 Second phase difference 丨 Product area 13 Delay axis 14 First substrate 15 Flat grinding direction 16 Liquid crystal layer 17 Delay axis direction 18 Second substrate 19 Flat grinding Direction 20a protective film 20b protective film 2 1 second polarizing film 22 transmission axis

-56--56-

Claims (1)

修正本 日_正替換頁 ........____—- , ·! 第093 123 866號「IPS型液晶顯示裝置」專利案 (2011年 8 月 5 日修正） 十、申請專利範圍： 種IPS型液晶顯示裝置，依照第1偏光膜、由連接於該 胃1偏光膜之第1相位差區域與連接於該第1相位差區域 之第2相位差區域而成的光學補償膜、第i基板、由液晶 材料而成的液晶層與第2基板之順序進行配置，於黑色顯 #時’該液晶材料之液晶分子平行於該一對基板之表面而 進行配向，及其特徵爲： 使用面內之折射率nx與ny(nxkny)、厚度方向之折 射率nz與薄膜之厚度d， Re = ( nx — ny) xd 所定義之第1相位差區域的面內遲滯値Re爲20nm以下， 並且， Rth = ( ( nx + ny) /2 — nz)xd 所定義之第1相位差區域厚度方向的遲滯値Rth爲20〜 1 2 〇nm，第2相位差區域係由含有實質上垂直配向之碟狀 液晶性化合物之組成物所構成的，該第2相位差區域之遲 相軸係平行於第1偏光膜之透射軸與黑色顯示時之液晶分 子的遲相軸方向。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其中該光 學補償膜之第2相位差區域的Re爲50〜200nm。 3 .如申請專利範圍第1或2項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其中 該第1相位差區域係由數層所構成的，連接於該數層之中 ----飞 修正本 差區域 碟狀液 向劑。 ，其中 層之中 層的機 ，其中 中具有 護膜之 I 4 0 n m 中具有 護膜之 I 2Onm 中具有 護膜之 中夾住 層側之 年月曰修{更^替換頁ί _I i - 的第2相位差區域的薄層爲配向膜，並且第2相位 * 至少含有碟狀液晶性化合物與使於空氣界面側之 • 晶性化合物垂直方向的傾斜角度減少的空氣界面配 4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置 該第1相位差區域係由數層所構成的，連接於該數 的第1偏光膜的薄層發揮作爲第1偏光膜之保護 能。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置 於該第2基扳之更外側，具有第2偏光膜。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其 夾住該第2偏光膜所配置之一對保護膜，該一對保 中，接近液晶層側之保護膜厚度方向的相位差Rth f 以下。 7 ·如申請專利範圍第6項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其 夾住該第2偏光膜所配置之一對保護膜，該一對保 中，接近液晶層側之保護膜厚度方向的相位差Rth | 以下。 8. 如申請專利範圍第5項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其 夾住該第2偏光膜所配置之一對保護膜，該一對保 中，接近液晶層側之保護膜厚度爲10〜60// m。 9. 如申請專利範圍第5項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其 該第2偏光膜所配置之一對保護膜之中，接近液晶 保護膜爲纖維素醯化物薄膜或降萡烯系薄膜。 10.如申請專利範圍第5項之IPS型液晶顯示裝置，其中夾住 13i48_--—； 年月日修(更)正替換 < 修政 t 該第2偏光膜所配置之一對保護膜之中，接近液晶層側之 ' 保護膜具有纖維素醯化物薄膜與含垂直配向的棒狀液晶 * 性化合物的薄層。Correction of this day _ positive replacement page........____--, ·! No. 093 123 866 "IPS type liquid crystal display device" patent case (amended on August 5, 2011) X. Patent application scope: The IPS type liquid crystal display device has an optical compensation film and an i-th polarizing film, a first phase difference region connected to the first polarizing film of the stomach 1 and a second phase difference region connected to the first phase difference region, i The substrate, the liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal material, and the second substrate are arranged in this order. When the black liquid is displayed, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material are aligned parallel to the surface of the pair of substrates, and the features are as follows: The in-plane retardation 値Re of the first phase difference region defined by the refractive index nx and ny (nxkny) in the thickness direction, the refractive index nz in the thickness direction, and the thickness d of the film, Re = (nx - ny) xd is 20 nm or less, and , Rth = ( ( nx + ny) /2 - nz ) xd defines the first phase difference region in the thickness direction of the hysteresis 値 Rth is 20 to 1 2 〇 nm, and the second phase difference region is composed of substantially vertical alignment a second phase difference region composed of a composition of a liquid crystal compound The retardation axis is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizing film and the slow axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the black display. 2. The IPS type liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein Re of the second phase difference region of the optical compensation film is 50 to 200 nm. 3. The IPS type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first phase difference region is composed of a plurality of layers, and is connected to the plurality of layers----flying correction difference region disc Liquid to agent. a machine in which the middle layer of the layer, in which I 2Onm having a protective film in the I 4 0 nm of the protective film, has a layer in the protective layer sandwiching the layer side, and the replacement page ί _I i - The thin layer of the second phase difference region is an alignment film, and the second phase* contains at least an air interface which reduces the inclination angle of the liquid crystal compound in the vertical direction of the crystal compound on the air interface side. In the IPS type liquid crystal display device of the first or second aspect, the first phase difference region is composed of a plurality of layers, and the thin layer of the first polarizing film connected to the number of layers functions as a protective property of the first polarizing film. 5. The IPS type liquid crystal display device of claim 1 or 2 has a second polarizing film on the outer side of the second base plate. 6. The IPS type liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein one of the pair of polarizing films is disposed to sandwich the protective film, and the pair of holes is in a phase difference close to a thickness direction of the protective film on the side of the liquid crystal layer. Rth f below. [7] The IPS type liquid crystal display device of claim 6, wherein one of the pair of polarizing films is disposed to sandwich the protective film, and the pair of layers is in a phase difference close to the thickness of the protective film on the side of the liquid crystal layer. Rth | Below. 8. The IPS type liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein one of the pair of polarizing films is disposed to sandwich the protective film, and the pair of protective films has a protective film thickness of 10 to 60 near the liquid crystal layer side. // m. 9. The IPS liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein one of the pair of second polarizing films is a protective film, and the liquid crystal protective film is a cellulose vapor film or a decylene film. 10. The IPS type liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the 13i48_---; the year and month repair (more) is being replaced by < 修政 t the second polarizing film is disposed on one of the protective films Among them, the 'protective film' on the side close to the liquid crystal layer has a thin layer of a cellulose vaporized film and a rod-like liquid crystal compound containing a vertical alignment.
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