TWI278345B - Process to retain nano-structure of catalyst particles before carbonaceous nano-materials synthesis - Google Patents
Process to retain nano-structure of catalyst particles before carbonaceous nano-materials synthesis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI278345B TWI278345B TW094141015A TW94141015A TWI278345B TW I278345 B TWI278345 B TW I278345B TW 094141015 A TW094141015 A TW 094141015A TW 94141015 A TW94141015 A TW 94141015A TW I278345 B TWI278345 B TW I278345B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- carbon
- metal oxide
- minutes
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims 1
- 102000053391 human F Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108700031895 human F Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LGPMBEHDKBYMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane;ethene Chemical group CC.C=C LGPMBEHDKBYMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005677 ethinylene group Chemical group [*:2]C#C[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011177 media preparation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
- B82B3/0004—Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of nanostructural devices or systems or methods for manufacturing the same
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/16—Preparation
- C01B32/162—Preparation characterised by catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
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- B01J35/60—
Description
1278345 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於碳質奈-米材料之合成。更特定言之,本發 明係關於一種生產用於碳質奈米·材料合成之改良觸媒之 方法,該觸媒不需要長時間預先還原與鈍化且其亦可維持 原觸媒粒度。 > 【先前技術】 . 在合成奴奈米纖維的現有技術情形下,需要在氫氣中預 先逛原通常為金屬氧化物或為混合型金屬氧化物之觸媒大 約20小時。接著藉由2_5%氧氣鈍化該觸媒(以在金屬芯上生 成一層薄金屬氧化覆蓋物)。該等步驟非常耗時,原因在於 其需要21-24小時,在該段時間内觸媒顆粒趨於燒結使製成 觸媒之粒度以及合成碳纖維之直徑難以控制。在該習知先 w技術方法中,第一步係在6〇(rc、1〇_2〇%氫氣下還原金屬 氧化物2〇小時。接著在室溫、2-5%氧氣下鈍化該金屬氧化 物一小時。 在現有技術方法情形下,藉由例如置放〇3 g重量之鐵氧 化物於反應裔内來製備用於合成碳纖維之鈍化觸媒,其 中於该反應器中在10%氫氣(以氮氣平衡)、6〇(rc下還原該 鐵氧化物20小時。生成之產物在相同氣體混合物下或僅在 氮氣下冷卻至至溫,接著藉由2%氧氣(以氮氣平衡)純化一 小4。鈍化觸媒之最終重量為〇195 g。在1〇%氫氣下加熱 該鈍化觸媒至600t並保持兩小時。然後一氧化碳與氫氣 (莫耳比4.1)之混合物以2〇〇 sccm之速率經過觸媒使生成如 106489.doc •1278345 圖1 c所示之碳奈米纖維。石卢 、反生產率係母小時1 g觸媒生產6 碳。 s 【發明内容】 本發明之方法提供一錄X Φ /工h e 士 種不而任何長時間預先還原與鈍化 之觸媒。在該新穎方法中 、々凌中,在20〇/〇虱氣下以每分鐘之 熱速率於一反應器中加埶一厪 …、孟屬乳化物觸媒前驅體至45〇 C,此後保持3 0分鐘,益翼雨认 再曝鉻於10-20%—氧化碳3〇分鐘· 然後冷卻至室溫。生成之觸媒含有一薄碳質塗層,其足以 提供鈍化但不足以引起可導致觸媒對其它用途失活之封 裝:該_接著用於在55代至_。口自_含碳前驅體與 氫氣之混合物合成碳纖維。 :預見’與空氣觸媒及產物轉移裝置結合時本發明觸媒 :產所需時間之減少將有助於反應器内連續、重 製備以及碳纖維人占y ^ m , 夠媒 、口成知作,因此可避免與習知分批加 關聯之中斷。 相 在本申睛案中氣體組份之所有百分比係容積百分比。 :、申月案之目的,術語,,碳質奈米-材料"與,,碳質夺乎 纖維"互換使用,且具有相同含義。 …本 纖二本發明之—主要目的在於生產-種用於碳質奈米-、’、、口成之觸媒,其不需長時間預先還原與鈍化。 X月之另一目的在於生產一種用於碳質奈米-纖維合 之觸媒,其可提高奈米_纖維產物之產率。 ^ 一目的在於生產一種用於碳質奈米-纖維八 成之觸媒,其可提供高反應性。 ° 106489.doc 1278345 本發明之另一目的A於斗立 私… 生產一種觸媒,其可維持原觸婼 板度且控制合成碳質奈米'纖維之直徑。 f原觸媒 本發明之另一目的在於提 維之連續生產成為可能。種_其使奴質奈米'纖 【實施方式】 本發明提供-種⑽生產^任何長時 =良觸媒的新顆且具創造性之方法。< M '路於1〇-2〇% 一氧化碳30分鐘,然後冷卻至 =、。生成之觸媒含有一薄碳質塗層,其足以提供純化但 。以引起可導致失活之封裝。該觸媒接著用於在至 …c下自氧化碳與氫氣之混合物合成碳纖維。與需預先 勹原冷卻、純化、再還原以及返回至反應溫度之習知方 去相比’實例所示之結果顯示本發明方法以更高生產率生 產更均一產物。在下列實例中將看到,該改良方法提供省 夺一產率提南與更高反應性,且維持原觸媒粒度並因此控 制合成碳質奈米纖維之直徑。而且下列實例將展示本發明 之觸媒可用於以分批模式或連續模式生產碳纖維。 實例1 置放〇·3 g重量之鐵氧化物於一反應器内並以每分鐘 之加熱速率加熱至450°C,在總流量為200 seem之20%氣氣 (以氮氣平衡)下保持30分鐘。將氣體轉換為具有2〇%氫氣 (以氮氣平衡)之10%—氧化碳歷時30分鐘以使碳塗覆單個 觸媒顆粒來維持其結構。在氮氣下冷卻該等顆粒至室溫。 106489.doc 1278345 圖2以-TEM顯微照片展示該等觸媒顆粒之結構。本方法之 估計產率為0.47公克碳/公克觸媒。 如上所述藉由該觸媒合成纖維,置放(U g上述之碳塗覆 觸媒於-石英反應器内且在20%氯氣(以氮氣平衡)下以每 分鐘5°C之加熱速率使溫度上升至55(TC (以及亦至600t)。 -旦反應器溫度達到設定點,轉換氣體為8〇%一氧化碳與 20%氫氣歷時兩小時以合成奈米_碳產物。圖狀代合成 及圖4(600t合成)以TEM顯微照片展示合成之產物。合成溫 度為55GM6G(rC時碳生產率分別係每小時i _媒生產 16.28 g碳及13.32 g碳。容積密度自〇 〇76至〇.⑵變化。請 注意,該生產率高於藉由本發明先前技術中所述習知先前 技術觸媒獲得速率之兩倍。 實例2 置放〇·3 g重量之鐵氧化物於一反應器内並以每分鐘5它 之加熱速率加熱該鐵氧化物至々“^,在總流量為2〇〇8“瓜 之20%氫氣(以氮氣平衡)下保持3〇分鐘。將氣體轉換為具有 20%氫氣(以氮氣平衡)之2〇%一氧化碳歷時3〇分鐘以使碳 塗覆單個觸媒顆粒來維持其結構。在氮氣下冷卻所得觸媒 至室溫。圖5以TEM顯微照片展示該等觸媒顆粒之結構。本 方法之估計產率為〇·80公克碳/公克觸媒。 藉由上面提及之觸媒合成奈米-碳纖維,置放〇·1 g上述之 碳塗覆觸媒於一石英反應器内,在20%氫氣(以氮氣平衡) 下以每分鐘5 °C之加熱速率使溫度上升至55〇t (以及亦至 600 C )。一旦反應器溫度達到設定點,轉換氣體為8〇%一氧 106489.doc 1278345 化碳與2 Ο %氫氣(以氣氣平衡)歷時兩小時以合成奈米_碳產 物。圖6(550°C合成)及圖7(600°C合成)以TEM顯微照片展示 合成之碳產物。合成溫度為550°C與600°C時碳生產率分別 係每小時1 g觸媒生產18.06 g碳及15.2 g碳。容積密度自 0.076至0.228變化。值得注意的係該生產率高於藉由本發明 先前技術所述之先前技術觸媒製備方法獲得生產率的兩倍 至三倍。 實例3 、藉由上述生成之觸媒達成碳纖維之連續合成,將〇·5名碳 塗覆觸媒饋入一垂直石英反應器並在2〇%氫氣(以氮氣平 衡)下保持反應器溫度於55〇它。轉換氣體為8〇%一氧化碳與 2〇°/〇風氣料1小時以合成奈米m。該反應時間之後產 物自反應器藉由空氣作用流出且將-批新觸媒饋入該床而 使该方法可繼續進行。圖8以簡顯微照片展示該等碳產 Ί兒明習知觸士某製備與本發明具創#性觸媒製備之 相比較之結果。士 — 表1所不,習知方法之觸媒粒度分佈 500-5000 JUT» , nr l 务明方法使觸媒形成100 nm附近之單 月文粒度。藉由習知 方去與觸媒所生產纖維之平均直徑為2< nm而猎由新觸媒 由羽 、生產纖維之平均直徑為100 nm。最後3 ,所侍奴之產率為6公克碳/公克觸媒/小時,而^ 由新方法所得碳之產率μ ^ ^ ,. 半為13·18公克碳/公克觸媒/小時。 咸"ί§下列對卜祕料^ ^ fA ^ ^、定貫例補充之參數範圍對於本發明; 成你可仃的。用於 、Q原之氣體組合物可係在惰性稀釋劑y I06489.doc 1278345 ^ = 虱氣,保持時間可自5分鐘至60分鐘,還原 可自3〇〇t至灣’溫度上升之速率可自每分鐘rc至 〃 MUM物可係在惰性稀釋射之1%_30% 乳與—氧化碳’純化溫度可自扇。〇至5⑼。c,純化時間二 刀雀里至60为—’合成溫度可自5〇〇。〇至7〇代,以及合成 氣體組合物(一氧化碳/氫氣)範圍可自1:1〇至1〇:1。亦可:用 其它合成氣體組合物’彡中含碳前驅體包括甲烷、乙炔、 乙烷乙烯、苯、烷基苯類、醇類、較高碳數烷類及環 類。 上述貫施例僅作為實例呈現;本發明之範疇僅受以下申 請專利範圍限制。 樣品 觸媒粒度分佈 纖維平均直徑 產率(公克碳/公克觸媒) 習知 500-5000 nm 200 nm 6 新穎 100 nm 100 nm 18 表1 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1A係一用於本發明方法之金屬氧化物原料之TEM顯微 照片; 圖1B係一藉由習知方法生產之鈍化觸媒之TEM顯微照 片; 圖1C係一藉由習知方法之鈍化觸媒生產之奈米-碳產物 的TEM顯微照片; 圖2係一本發明生產之碳塗覆觸媒之TEM顯微照片; 106489.doc -11 - 1278345 圖3係一藉由本發明圖2所示之觸媒合成之碳纖維的丁舰 顯微照片; 圖4係第二張用本發明圖2所示之觸媒合成之碳纖雉的 ΤΕΜ顯微照片; 圖係本么明方法中自金屬氧化物生產之碳塗覆觸媒 之ΤΕΜ顯微照片; 圖6係一藉由本發明圖5所示之觸媒合成之碳纖維的ΤΕΜ 顯微照片; 圖7係第一張藉由本發明 /3 a d所不之觸媒合成之碳纖維的 ΤΕΜ顯微照片;及 圖8係—11由本發明方法以連續模式操作生產之碳纖維 的ΤΕΜ顯微照片。 表1係$知觸媒與本發明觸媒相比較結果之表。
106489.doc -12-
Claims (1)
1278345 十、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種生產用於合成碳奈米纖維之觸媒之方法,其包括下列 步驟: (a) 提供一金屬氧化物或混合型金屬氧化物; (b) 於在惰性稀釋氣體中之5_2〇%氫氣下加熱該金屬氧 化物至 300-500°C ; (0保持該溫度5-60分鐘;
(d) 在300-500X:曝露該觸媒於在惰性稀釋劑中之包含 1-30%氫氣與uo% 一氧化碳之氣體1〇分鐘至6〇分鐘;及 (e) 使該觸媒冷卻至接近室溫。 如請求項1之方法,進一步包括在500_70(rc利用該生成之 觸媒自含碳前驅體、氫氣與惰性稀釋劑之混合物生產碳 奈米纖維之步驟。 3.如请求項2之方法,其中該含碳前驅體包括—氧化碳、甲 烷、乙炔、乙烷、乙烯、苯、烷基苯類、醇類及較高碳 數烷類以及環烷類。 4· 一種生產用於合成碳奈米纖維之觸媒之方法,其包括下 列步驟: ~ (a) 提供一金屬氧化物; (b) 在20%氫氣下加熱該金屬氧化物至45〇(t ,· (Ο保持該溫度30分鐘; (d) 曝路3觸媒於5_4〇% 一氧化碳3〇分鐘; (e) 使該觸媒冷卻至接近室溫。 士月東員4之方法,其中該生成之觸媒用於在55^6〇〇它歷 106489.doc 1278345 時兩小時以合成碳纖維。 6·如請求項4之方法,其中該金屬氧化物係選自包含Fe、 Ni、Co、Cu與Mo或該等金屬氧化物之混合物之群。 7·如巧求項4之方法,其中以每分鐘5它加熱該觸媒至45〇。〇。 8·如請求項4之方法,其中生產該觸媒以用於合成碳奈来_ 纖維。 9.如請求項4之方法,其中該方法於一垂直石英反應器中進 行。 10· —種生產用於合成碳奈米纖維之觸媒之方法,其產生產 率更高、反應性更高之觸媒’且維持該觸媒之結構,包 括下列步驟:在大約20%氫氣下加熱一金屬氧化物至45〇 c ;曝露該觸媒於一氧化碳下大約3〇分鐘,之後將其用 於合成方法。 八 11. -種連續生產用於合成碳奈米_纖維材料之觸媒之方法, =生if更南、反應性更高之觸媒’且維持該觸媒之 結構,包括下列步驟: (a)在大約20%氫氣下於一反庫 至45(rc ; 加熱—金屬氧化物 ()曝露該觸媒於—氧化碳下大約30分鐘; ⑷將該觸媒自該反應器流出且提供一批 以生產更多觸媒。 屬乳化物 12.如請求们〇之方法,其中該金屬氧化物係選 Ni Co、Cu、M〇或該等金屬氧化物之 3 e 13·如請求項〗!之方法,盆中 之群。 ”中该金屬氣化物係選自包人F CU、M。或該等金屬氧化物之混合物之群“、 I06489.doc
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EP1871523A2 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
CN101119798A (zh) | 2008-02-06 |
US20060122056A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
BRPI0518603A2 (pt) | 2008-11-25 |
CA2588913A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
KR20070086893A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
AU2005336921A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
WO2007040562A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
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