TWI237562B - Small electric vehicle - Google Patents
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- TWI237562B TWI237562B TW92102896A TW92102896A TWI237562B TW I237562 B TWI237562 B TW I237562B TW 92102896 A TW92102896 A TW 92102896A TW 92102896 A TW92102896 A TW 92102896A TW I237562 B TWI237562 B TW I237562B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
- B62D7/06—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
- B62D7/08—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in a single plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/12—Hand levers
- B62D1/14—Tillers, i.e. hand levers operating on steering columns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D3/00—Steering gears
- B62D3/02—Steering gears mechanical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/003—Cycles with four or more wheels, specially adapted for disabled riders, e.g. personal mobility type vehicles with four wheels
- B62K5/007—Cycles with four or more wheels, specially adapted for disabled riders, e.g. personal mobility type vehicles with four wheels power-driven
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/08—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels with steering devices acting on two or more wheels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1237562 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關供予尤其爲年長（高齡）者或腳有殘疾 (殘廢）者所要利用之四輪小型電動車輛者。 【先前技術】 此種小型電動車輪乃被稱呼爲年長者車輛（R )，而 作爲替代年長者之腳極具有高的利用價値。如此之小型電 動車輛的基本性結構，乃例如設置了乘座者所要坐之座位 於車體後部，而在其前方配設了乘坐者載置腳用的底板， 再在其前方豎立配設操縱前輪用之轉向（方向）軸，且安 裝有轉向盤（把手）於轉向軸上端，而形成乘坐者坐在座 位來操作該方向盤。 作爲如前述之小型電動車輛的轉向（操縱）機構，例 如在日本專利實開平5 — 76422號公報，揭示有固定左右 操縱把手基端於固定在轉向軸上端之支板上的構造。而左 右之操縱把手乃構成爲從支承板朝側方突出之同時，從途 中朝座位側彎曲，且使操縱把手端部分成爲朝內側筆直地 展延形狀。而且配設把手於左右操縱把手中之朝內側筆直 展延的前端部分，並成平行地配設加速桿於一方把手。亦 即，構成各抓握左右操縱把手桿之把手來實施操作操縱把 手，也就是作成爲如用於抓握對於乘坐員成平行部分用的 一桿型式的操縱把手來進行操作操縱把手。 又作爲如前述之小型電動車輛的轉向機構，有例如左 -5 - (2) 1237562 右則輪爲堅固’而具有擺動軸於車輛中心部的型式者。於 δ亥型式者係成爲從轉向軸安裝轉向橫拉桿於一方轉向節臂 ，並從該處展延配設轉向橫拉桿至另一方轉向節臂之構造 。在於該構造時，雖可獲取較大的操縱手柄（轉向）轉動 角度’但並不能適用於前輪爲左右獨立懸吊式者。通常， 在於左右獨立懸吊式者時，會設置臂於中央之轉向軸，並 採取從該臂展延配設轉向橫拉桿的構造。再者，該構造時 ’臂長因無法構成爲較長，使得具有無法能獲得太大的操 縱把手之轉向角度等的問題。 【發明內容】 (發明擬解決之課題） 然而’如前述用於抓握對於乘坐員成平行之部分的操 把手之操作日寸’因手腕的角度會維持成一定，使得手腕 會產生疲倦之情事等。又在轉向操縱把手時，其中之一方 抓握部分會從乘坐員側遠離，以致乘坐員必需伸長該一方 側之手’使得無法以舒服的姿勢來操作操縱把手。再者， 操縱把手桿因成固定性地安裝，以致隨著乘坐員之體格等 而ί架縱把手桿會成爲遠離，使得乘坐員之姿勢會成爲彎下 上身來抓握操縱把手桿的形態，因此，也具有會損壞操作 性之虞。 又彳乍S用於解決所謂在於左右獨立懸吊式時並無法得 至[J胃@臂長度之問題，以最近所周知之轉向（駕駛）機構 ’有一種配置轉向橫拉桿於轉向軸的臂上下者。然而，於 (3) 1237562 如此之轉向機構時，因配置了轉向橫拉桿 形成限制用於設計吊桿臂等之自由性。 本發明係鑑於如此之實情而擬提供一 使用性或操縱（駕駛）性能等的操縱裝置 爲其目的者。 (解決課題用之手段） 本發明之小型電動車輛係具備有：支 一座位；在前述單一座位下方前面舖設於 板；豎立配設於前述底板前部的轉向軸； 於前述轉向軸上端之轉向把手而可朝左右 輪來配設於前述底板前方的前輪；作爲以 驅動輪而配設於前述單一座位下方後部的 電力給予前述動力組用之電力供應源的小 特徵爲：具備有：在前述轉向軸上端朝後 轉向把手支承部；及具有直線桿部和從前 兩端略成圓弧狀展延的側方桿部之轉向把 轉向把手支承部上，支承成令前述轉向把 前述直線桿部爲軸可朝前後方向轉動前述 又本發明之其他的小型電動車輛，係 架上之單一座位下方前方，具有舖設於前 底板，且由作爲可由操作把手而朝左右擺 予以配設於前述底板前方的左右一對前輪 組所驅動之驅動輪予以配設於前述單一座 於上下，因此會 種具備有優異於 之小型電動車輛 承於車架上之單 前述車架上的底 作爲由操作配設 擺動之轉向控制 動力組所驅動之 後輪；及用於供 型電動車輛，其 方展延所配設之 述直線桿部左右 手，而能在前述 手的直線桿部以 轉向把手。 在支承於車體車 述車體車架上的 動之轉向控制輪 ，及作爲由動力 位下方後部的左 -7- (4) 1237562 右一對後輪來構成爲可丫了走’並具備用於ί架縱目II述左右一 對前輪用之操縱裝置於前述車體車架前端部的小型電動車 輛，其特徵爲：於前述操縱裝置，將支承操縱把手成可轉 動於上端之同時，藉由橫拉桿臂及轉向節臂且由轉向橫拉 桿來連結從前述底板前端部朝上方突出的轉向軸，和藉由 轉向節主銷支承成可朝左右方向外側擺動於朝左右方向外 側展延配設的吊桿臂外側端部之前輪轉向關節，而前述橫 拉桿臂及前述轉向節臂係配置成以挾持連結前述轉向節主 銷軸心相互間的軸線來互相朝相反方向突出。 【實施方式】 (發明之實施形態） 圖1〜圖5係顯示本實施形態之小型電動車輛的整體 結構。本實施形態係一種四輪之小型電動車輛的例子，將 在包括車體車架之車架組1 00前後部，各支承左右一對之 前輪1及後輪2。前輪1係由前輪支承機構200所支承， 而後輪2則由後輪支承機構300所支承。 在於車架組1 00之靠後部側乃支承著構成爲能乘坐1 個人之乘坐員用的單一座位的座位組4 0 0。 單一座位下方前方具有舖設於車體車架上之低底板的 乘坐員載置腳用底板之底板平板3。 而在車架組1 00前面部具有作爲由操作把手而操縱朝 左右擺動用之轉向控制輪的前輪1用之操縱（轉向）機構 500 ° (5) 1237562 於本例子，後輪2乃構成作爲驅動輪，而形成爲由包 括配設於單一座位下方後部之電動機的動力組600所驅動 〇 在於底板平板3下側，將配置具備有作爲用於供電力 給予動力組600用之電力供應源的二次電池（蓄電池）之 電池組7 0 0。 首先，將詳細說明有關車架組1 00。車架組100係也 參照圖6〜圖8下，乃由構成車底盤部分用的車體車架101 和支承轉向把手等用之轉向架1 02所構成，而車體車架 101乃包括有主車架103和後車架104。主車架係由中央 車架部1 05和展延配設於中央車架部1 05前方之前（面） 車架部106所構成。 主車架1 03乃包括有在左右兩側朝前後方向所配置之 一對主車架構件107，而主車架構件107係在中央車架部 1 05及車架部1 06的界線附近形成如圖8等所示逐漸變狹 窄之形狀。主車架構件1 07雖理想爲以接角（有角）管材 料來形成，但並不限定於此而已，也可由C (凹）槽材料 或圓形管材料等來形成。無論使用那一種，主車架構件 107具有一定之高度（上下方向的厚度）。又在各主車架 構件附設有朝外側方突出的例如由圓筒材料所形成的搬運 (用）把手Π 1。 又在本實施例，將在主車架構件1 07朝橫向架設有3 個橋式跨接構件1 08、1 09、1 1 0於其前端部和中央車架部 105與前車架部106之邊界附近及後端部，以確保主車架 -9- (6) 1237562 1 03之剛性，橋式跨接構件1 08、1 09係如圖7 彎曲形成朝下方突出，以配置將後述之前輪支 座構件於橋式跨接構件108、109上。再者， 輛係如圖7所示，主車架1 0 3爲形成適當地提 爲傾斜狀態，但該時前輪支承機構之底座構件 大致成水平。 轉向架1 0 2係也如顯示於圖9，配設4支 1 02成豎立支承於前車架部1 〇6前端部內側成 架102雖從前車架部106 (主車架構件107) ’但如前述，主車架1 03因形成提升前面的傾 ，轉向架1 02會適當地朝單一座位側傾斜。再 1 0 2理想爲由接角管材來形成。 後車架1 04係從各主車架構件1 〇7後端部 朝後面上方傾斜，且由搬運把手1 1 2來互相結 部。而在後車架1 0 4之前後方向之大致中間予 槪略爲拱狀（弧狀）或梯形狀的橋式跨接構件 橋式跨接構件Π 3上部安裝有支承座位組4 0 0 )柱1 1 4。後車架1 04或橋式跨接構件1 1 3雖 角管材（料）所形成，但並不限定於此而已， 材（料）或圓管材（料）來形成。又在後車架 予以橫向架設彎曲形成爲朝下方突出的橋式跨 〇 接著’詳細說明有關前輪支承機構200。 構2 0 0乃支承前輪1成旋轉自如且可擺動，包 所示，予以 承機構的底 在實在的車 高前面而成 乃被支承成 管材（料） 一體。轉向 成垂直豎立 斜狀，因而 者，轉向架 附近配置成 合於各後端 以橫向架設 1 1 3，並在 用之座（位 理想爲由接 也可由C槽 1 0 4後V而部 接構件1 1 5 前輪支承機 括有：作爲 -10- (7) 1237562 保持於前車架部1 06之支承部的底座構件20 1 ;固定於底 座構件201上之吊桿臂托架202;及由吊桿臂托架202支 承成可朝上下方向擺動自如，且從車輛左右方向中央部朝 外側展延配設之同時，能在外側端部支承前輪1成旋轉自 如用的吊桿臂203。 在此，主要由該前輪支承機構200而構成會在將後述 之電池箱前方，具有朝左右展延遍及左右前輪1的相對向 間’且較該電池箱朝下側突出之由剛性構件所形成的突出 構造。亦即，該突出構造係如圖1〜圖5或圖7等所示， 由朝前車架部106下方突出所配置構成之底座構件201、 吊桿臂托架202及吊桿臂203等所形成，而由於具有如此 突出構造於電池箱前方且在下方側，以致構成爲作爲車輛 之電源裝置具有重要功能的電池箱之障壁或防護手段，使 得能有效地保護緻密的電源裝置。再者，雖朝前車架部 106下方突出之突出構造，但在實在之車輛，底板3因配 設成前面提高的傾斜狀（參照圖7)，因而，並不會朝下 方展出，可有效地確保最低之地上高度。 於前述支承機構200，也予以參照圖9，在於主車架 103之橋式跨接構件1〇8、109上所配置之底座構件201上 ’對於左右之吊桿臂20 3各個配設有前後2個的吊桿臂托 架202。各吊桿臂203乃呈現朝前後分岐之兩股狀，而該 所分岐的2個基端（內側端）乃由前後之2個的吊桿臂托 架202支承軸成可旋轉。且在吊桿臂2 03前端，將以軸支 承〕字狀的關節成可旋轉。又在關節204配設車軸205成 -11 - 1237562 (8) 水平展延’並支承前輪1於該車軸205成旋轉自如。 而在前車架部1 06外側’予以固定用於安裝架設懸吊 彈簧206用的托架207，以組裝懸吊彈簧206於該托架 2 0 7和吊桿臂2 0 3 (分岐成兩股狀中之前方側）之間。 接者’ δ羊細5兌明有關後輪支承機構3 0 0。後輪支承機 構3 00係與動力組600協動來支承後輪2。該時，動力組 6 00包括有電動機及連結於其輪出軸用的減速齒輪群，而 最後階段之齒輪的支承軸，將作爲後輪2的車軸3 0 1。動 力組600前端側，將藉由固定於主車架構件丨07後端之托 架3 0 2 (參照圖1〜圖3等）來樞支承。而動力軸6 0 0後端 側係與減震器3 03下端側下端成連結。減震器303上端則 藉由固定於後車架104後端的托架304來樞支承。再者， 減震器303也可爲利用壓縮螺旋彈簧或油壓等者。 接著，詳細說明有關座位組400。座位組400，將以 槪略成L字狀來結合以接角管材等所形成之座墊架40 1及 後座架402而成一體化，且座墊架401作成略水平來支承 於座位柱1 1 4上。該狀態時，座位組400係支承成可朝左 右轉動，且在其轉動途中，能選擇性地固定在複數的角度 位置。 將作爲彈性體所構成之座墊4 03安裝於座墊架401， 又作爲彈性體所構成之靠背404乃安裝於靠背架402。並 在靠背架402的適當高度位置，將支承臂靠405成可轉動 。而坐在如圖3之支承於座位柱1 1 4上之座位組4 0 0的乘 坐員，能使腳載置於底板平板3上，且形成時可以腳踏配 -12- 12375621237562 (1) 发明. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a four-wheeled small electric vehicle for use especially by elderly (senior) people or people with disabilities (disability). [Prior art] This type of small electric wheel is called an elderly vehicle (R), and it has a very high price as a substitute for the elderly. The basic structure of such a small electric vehicle is, for example, a seat where the occupant wants to sit is located at the rear of the car body, and a floor plate for the rider's feet is arranged in front of it, and an operation is erected in front of it A steering (direction) shaft for the front wheels, and a steering wheel (handle) is mounted on the upper end of the steering shaft, so that the occupant sits in the seat to operate the steering wheel. As the aforementioned steering (manipulation) mechanism of a small electric vehicle, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-76422 discloses a structure in which the base ends of the left and right joysticks are fixed to a support plate fixed to the upper end of the steering shaft. The left and right joysticks are configured to protrude laterally from the support plate, and are bent from the way to the seat side, so that the end portions of the joysticks are straightly extended toward the inside. In addition, a handle is provided at a front end portion of the left and right operating handles that extends straight inward, and an acceleration lever is provided in parallel to one handle. That is, the handles are constructed by grasping the left and right joystick levers, that is, a one-bar type joystick is used to grip the occupant in parallel to operate the joystick. As a steering mechanism for a small electric vehicle as described above, for example, a left-5-(2) 1237562 is a type in which the right wheel is solid and has a swing shaft at the center of the vehicle. In the δH type, it is a structure in which a steering tie rod is installed from a steering shaft to one knuckle arm, and a steering tie rod is extended to the other knuckle arm from there. In this structure, although a large joystick (steering) rotation angle can be obtained, it cannot be applied to a case where the front wheels are independently suspended left and right. Generally, when the left and right independent suspension type is used, a steering shaft with an arm at the center is provided, and a steering tie rod is extended from the arm. Furthermore, since the arm length cannot be made longer in this structure, there is a problem that a steering angle of the steering handle cannot be obtained too much. [Summary of the Invention] (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, as described above, the "operation day for grasping the handlebar that is parallel to the occupant" is maintained because the angle of the wrist is constant, which makes the wrist tired. Wait. When the steering handle is turned, the grip part of one side is away from the occupant side, so that the occupant must extend the hand on the one side 'so that the handle cannot be operated in a comfortable posture. Furthermore, the joystick is fixedly installed, so that the longitudinal handlebar becomes far away according to the physique of the occupant, so that the posture of the occupant becomes a form of bending the upper body to grasp the joystick. Therefore, there is a possibility that operability may be impaired. It is used to solve the so-called [J stomach @ arm length problem that cannot be obtained when the left and right independent suspension type is used. With the recently known steering (driving) mechanism ', there is an arm with a steering tie rod on the steering shaft. Up and down. However, when (3) 1237562 such a steering mechanism is used, the configuration of the tie rods limits the freedom for designing boom arms and the like. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is intended to provide a control device such as usability or control (driving) performance. (Means for solving problems) The small electric vehicle of the present invention is provided with: a seat; a plate laid on the front under the single seat; a steering shaft arranged on the front of the bottom plate; a steering on the upper end of the steering shaft The front wheels arranged in front of the bottom plate can be arranged toward the left and right wheels by handles. The small feature of supplying power to the power set as power provided by the driving wheels at the rear of the lower part of the single seat is as follows: The upper end of the steering shaft is a rearward steering handle support portion; and a steering handle steering support portion having a linear rod portion and side rod portions extending slightly arcuately from the front ends to support the aforementioned linear handle portion of the steering handle. This is another small electric vehicle according to the present invention, which can rotate the shaft in the front-rear direction. The single seat on the mooring frame has a front floor under the front seat, and is arranged in front of the bottom plate as a handle that can be operated to the left and right. The driving wheels driven by a pair of left and right front wheels are arranged on the single one above and below, so it will have excellent The bottom of the frame of the electric vehicle is supported on the frame as the rear wheel driven by the steering control power set with operation and swing; and the linear rod portion provided for the electric vehicle is extended. Left and right hands, and can turn the handle on the straight rod of the aforementioned hand. The moving steering control wheels supported on the body frame of the vehicle body and the left-right (-7) (4) 1237562 rear pair of right rear wheels under the power position are configured to be able to walk away and are provided. A small electric vehicle for controlling the front and rear pair of left and right front wheels of the longitudinal section II at the front end of the vehicle body frame, which is characterized in that: while the operating device supports the operating handle to be rotatable at the upper end, A tie rod arm and a knuckle arm are connected by a tie rod to a steering shaft protruding upward from the front end portion of the bottom plate, and are supported by a knuckle king pin so as to swing outward in the left-right direction and extend outward in the left-right direction. The front wheel steering joint of the outer end of the boom arm is provided, and the tie rod arm and the steering knuckle arm are configured to protrude in opposite directions from each other by holding an axis that connects the pivot pin center of the steering knuckle with each other. [Embodiment] (Embodiment of the invention) Figs. 1 to 5 show the overall structure of a small electric vehicle according to this embodiment. This embodiment is an example of a four-wheeled small electric vehicle. Each front and rear pair of front and rear wheels 1 and 2 are supported on a front and rear portion of a frame group 100 including a body frame. The front wheel 1 is supported by the front wheel support mechanism 200, and the rear wheel 2 is supported by the rear wheel support mechanism 300. On the rear side of the frame group 100, a seat group 400, which is configured as a single seat for one passenger, is supported. A floor plate 3 for an occupant placing a floor plate for a foot on the front side of a single seat having a low floor plate laid on the body frame. On the front part of the frame group 100, there is a steering (steering) mechanism for the front wheel 1 which is a steering control wheel for steering to the left and right by operating the handle 500 ° (5) 1237562 In this example, the rear wheel 2 is constituted as The driving wheels are driven by a power pack 600 including a motor arranged at the rear of a single seat. On the lower side of the floor plate 3, a power supply source is provided as a power supply source for supplying power to the power pack 600. Battery pack of secondary battery (storage battery) 7 0 0. First, the frame group 100 will be described in detail. The frame group 100 is also referred to in FIGS. 6 to 8 and is composed of a body frame 101 for a chassis portion and a bogie 102 for supporting a steering handle and the like. The body frame 101 includes The main frame 103 and the rear frame 104. The main frame is composed of the center frame portion 105 and the stretch frame portion 106 which is arranged in front of (front) the front of the center frame portion 105. The main frame 10 03 includes a pair of main frame members 107 arranged on the left and right sides in the front-rear direction. The main frame member 107 is formed near the boundary between the central frame portion 105 and the frame portion 106. The shape gradually narrows as shown in FIG. 8 and the like. Although the main vehicle frame member 107 is preferably formed of an angled (angled) pipe material, it is not limited to this, and may be formed of a C (concave) groove material or a circular pipe material. No matter which type is used, the main frame member 107 has a certain height (thickness in the vertical direction). Further, each main frame member is provided with a carrying handle Π 1 protruding outward, for example, made of a cylindrical material. Also in this embodiment, three bridge-type bridge members 1 08, 1 09, and 1 10 are laterally erected in the main vehicle frame member 107 in the transverse direction, and the front end portion, the central frame portion 105, and the front frame portion 106 are provided. Near the border and the rear end to ensure the rigidity of the main frame-9- (6) 1237562 1 03, the bridge bridge members 1 08 and 1 09 are bent as shown in Figure 7 to protrude downward, and will be configured as described before. The wheel bearing member is on the bridge bridge members 108 and 109. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 7, the main frame 103 is appropriately inclined, but the base member of the front wheel support mechanism is substantially horizontal at this time. The bogie 10 2 series is also shown in FIG. 9, and is equipped with four branches 102 to support the front frame portion 106 erected from the front frame inside the front frame 102 from the front frame portion 106 (main frame 107). However, as mentioned above, because the main frame 10 03 is tilted to raise the front, the bogie 10 02 will appropriately tilt toward the single seat side. Further, it is desirable that it is formed from a corner pipe. The rear frame 1 04 is inclined upward from the rear end of each main frame member 107, and is connected to each other by a carrying handle 1 12. In the middle of the front and rear directions of the rear frame 104, a slightly arched (arc) or ladder-shaped bridge bridge member is provided. The upper part of the bridge bridge member Π 3 is provided with a supporting seat group 4 0 0) Columns 1 1 4. Although the rear frame 104 or the bridge-type bridge member 1 1 3 is formed of a corner pipe (material), it is not limited to this, and is formed of a material (material) or a round pipe (material). The rear frame is bridged laterally and bent to form a bridge span projecting downward. Next, the front wheel support mechanism 200 will be described in detail. The structure 2 0 is to support the front wheel 1 to rotate freely and swingably. As shown in the figure, the bottom of the support mechanism is formed in front of the actual vehicle height, and is supported as a tube (material). The steering is vertical and oblique. Therefore, the vicinity of the bogie is arranged at each rear end to be laterally erected 1 1 3, and the seat is in use (ideally, it can be connected by C slot 1 0 4 and V and connected by components) 1 1 5 The front wheel supporting machine includes: a base member 20 1 as a support portion of -10- (7) 1237562 held on the front frame portion 106; a boom arm bracket 202 fixed on the base member 201; and The boom arm bracket 202 is rotatably supported in the up-down direction, and is extended from the center of the vehicle in the left-right direction to the outside. At the same time, it can support the boom 203 for free rotation of the front wheel at the outer end. Therefore, the front wheel support mechanism 200 is mainly formed by a rigid member that has a relative space extending to the left and right of the left and right front wheels 1 in front of a battery box to be described later and protrudes downward from the battery box. That is, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 or FIG. 7, the protruding structure is a base member 201, a boom arm bracket 202, and a boom arm that are configured to protrude downward from the front frame portion 106. 203, etc., and because it has such a prominent structure in electricity The pool box is in front of and below the battery box, so that it constitutes a barrier or a protective means for the battery box, which has an important function as the power supply device of the vehicle, so that the dense power supply device can be effectively protected. Furthermore, it protrudes below the front frame portion 106 It has a protruding structure, but in a real vehicle, the bottom plate 3 is arranged in an inclined shape with a raised front (see FIG. 7), so it will not be displayed downwards, which can effectively ensure the lowest ground height. 200, also referring to FIG. 9, is on the base member 201 disposed on the bridge type bridge members 108 and 109 of the main frame 103. For the left and right boom arms 20 3, two front and rear suspension arms are respectively provided. Lever arm bracket 202. Each boom arm 203 is shown as a two-stranded divergence toward the front and back, and the two base ends (inner ends) of the divergence are supported by the two front and rear boom arms 202 to support the shaft. It can rotate. At the front end of the boom arm 03, a joint with the shape of [Shaft] will be rotatable. Axle 205 will be installed at the joint 204 to -11-1237562 (8) Horizontal extension and support the front wheel 1 at The axle 205 can rotate freely. And in the front frame part 1 06 The side is fixed for mounting the bracket 207 for suspending the suspension spring 206, so as to assemble the suspension spring 206 to the bracket 207 and the boom arm 203 (divided into two strands in the front side). Receiver 'δ Yang Xi 5 clarifies the rear wheel support mechanism 300. The rear wheel support mechanism 300 is coordinated with the power pack 600 to support the rear wheel 2. At this time, the power pack 600 includes a motor and The reduction gear group connected to the wheel output shaft, and the support shaft of the final stage gear will be the axle 3 of the rear wheel 2. The front end side of the power pack 600 will be fixed to the main vehicle frame member. The end bracket 3 0 2 (see FIGS. 1 to 3 and the like) is pivotally supported. The rear end of the power shaft 600 is connected to the lower end of the shock absorber 303. The upper end of the shock absorber 303 is pivotally supported by a bracket 304 fixed to the rear end of the rear frame 104. The shock absorber 303 may be a compression coil spring or a hydraulic pressure. Next, the seat group 400 will be described in detail. The seat group 400 is formed by combining the seat cushion frame 401 formed by the corner pipe and the rear seat frame 402 in an L shape, and the seat cushion frame 401 is made slightly horizontal to support the seat pillar 1 1 4 on. In this state, the seat set 400 is rotatably supported and can be selectively fixed at a plurality of angular positions during its rotation. A seat cushion 403 made of an elastic body is attached to the seat cushion frame 401, and a backrest 404 made of an elastic body is attached to the backrest frame 402. And at an appropriate height position of the backrest frame 402, the support arm 405 is rotatable. The occupants seated in the seat group 4 0 0 supported on the seat post 1 1 4 as shown in FIG. 3 can place their feet on the floor plate 3 and can be equipped with feet when formed -12-1237562
置於底板平板3前部附近的腳踏煞車4。A foot brake 4 placed near the front of the floor plate 3.
將說明單一座位之轉動支承機構的結構例。如圖10 所示’結合有底座托架4 0 6於座墊架4 0 1下方側，且在該 底座托架406垂下座管407。另一方則嵌合了管支撐408 座位柱，而形成嵌合座管407於該管支撐408內成可旋轉 由而座墊架40 1，亦即單一座位會成爲可朝左右轉動。再 者’管支撐（座位支撐）408也可構成對於座柱114成可 裝卸。An example of the structure of the single-seat rotation support mechanism will be described. As shown in FIG. 10 ', a base bracket 406 is coupled to the lower side of the seat cushion frame 401, and a seat tube 407 is suspended from the base bracket 406. The other side is fitted with a tube support 408 seat post, and the fitting seat tube 407 is rotatably formed in the tube support 408, and the seat cushion frame 401, that is, a single seat can be turned to the left and right. Further, the 'tube support (seat support) 408 may be configured to be attachable and detachable to and from the seat post 114.
又在底座托架406予以固定具有軸承409之桿支撐 4 1 0於其前部。軸承409插穿有旋轉軸4 1 1，且旋轉軸4 1 1 予以朝外側展延配設並予以適當地彎曲而形成桿部4 1 2。 在於旋轉軸4 1 1固定有從開口配設於底座托架406之開口 4 1 3朝下方突出的爪片4 1 4。而由操作桿部，就可令爪片 4 1 4轉動。爪片4 1 4具有能與將後述之止動板的齒卡合之 孔414a。另一方面，管支撐408上端固定著止動板415’ 且在止動板4 1 5外周部，以適當的角度間隔配設複數之齒 4 1 6。而各齒4 1 6兩側乃作爲離隙而予以切除，由而可與 爪片414成爲卡合。 以***座管407於管支撐408而使單一座位被支承於 座柱1 1 4上。該時，以操作桿部4 1 2來使爪片4 1 4與所期 盼之齒產生卡合，就能使單一座位形成選擇性地固定於所 期盼的角度位置。 接著，詳細說明有關操縱（轉向）機構5 00。於操縱 機構5 00，將在轉向架102內側，藉由複數之支撐器（夾 -13- 1237562 (10) 持具）5 02來保持轉向軸5〇1旋轉自如。轉向軸501上端 配設有轉向把手5 0 5。轉向軸501在途中予以分割而藉由 萬向接頭5 0 3來連結，且上側之轉向軸乃朝著單一座位側 傾斜。因此，成爲可確保廣闊之底板空間之同時，可配置 轉向把手505成靠近於單一座位。 圖1 1、1 2係顯示轉向把手5 05周圍的斜視（立體） 圖。轉向把手5 05係具有直線桿部5 0 5 S及從直線桿部 5 0 5 S左右兩端成圓弧狀展延的側方桿部5 0 5 L、5 0 5 R，呈 現前部有缺口之變形U字狀。 在於轉向軸5 0 1上端側面，配設有朝後方展延，且從 途中朝上方彎曲之轉向把手支承部5 1 2。而固定有夾緊構 件5 1 3於轉向把手支承部5 1 2前端。夾緊構件5 1 3具有貫 穿孔於左右，而分割爲上下兩個，且該下側之夾緊構件 5 1 3 a乃熔接於轉向把手支承部5 1 2前端，而上側之夾緊構 件5 1 3 b乃藉由螺桿5 1 4來扣接於下側之夾緊構件5丨3 a。 轉向把手5 0 5的直線桿部5 0 5 S之中央乃由前述夾緊構件 5 1 3來夾持而予以支承。因此’以鬆弛螺桿，就可令轉向 把手5 05以直線桿部5 05 S爲軸來轉動（參照圖中箭標記 R )，使得可調節轉向把手5 0 5成爲平躺或豎立而形成所 期盼的角度。 如前述將在從轉向軸5 0 1軸線上朝單一座位側偏位之 位置所支承之轉向把手505成平躺狀態，亦即，如圖！ 2 所示令轉向把手對於轉向軸501形成垂直狀態時，轉向把 手5 0 5之中心會與轉向軸5 0 1之軸線略爲一致。 -14- 1237562 (11) 又在轉向把手5 05左右之側方桿部5 05L、505R，由 熔接等來朝內側且略朝下方固定有托架5 1 5。而由該等托 架5 1 5來支承加速機構底板部5 04兩側。以如此所固定之 加速機構底板部504，將成爲位於轉向把手側側且形成位 於略深處。 在於加速機構底板部5 04左右兩側，配設有加速桿。 而加速桿5 06係作成略〕字狀，且使開口側朝下方之狀態 下，令一方側邊部5 06a會在加速機構底板部504側方部 分各別支承成轉動自如。而另一方的側邊部506b則作爲 操作桿部來配置於轉向把手505之側方桿部505L、505 R 下方且對於該側方桿部505L、505R略成平行。因此，能 成爲抓握轉向把手5 0 5的側方桿部5 0 5 L、5 0 5 R之同時， 能ί荣作轉動加速桿5 0 6。再者，倘若配合於轉向把手5 0 5 的側方桿部5 05L、5 05 R來使加速桿5 06之另一方側邊部 506b作成略圓弧狀時，即使在抓握轉向把手505側方 505 L、5 05R之上部或下部的狀態時，也可成爲容易轉動 操作加速桿5 0 6。 在於加速機構底板部5 0 4的兩側部分，將配設：支承 加速桿5 0 6側邊部5 0 6 a成旋轉自如用之夾持具5 1 6 ;偵測 加速桿5 0 6之轉動且予以放大用的齒輪組5 1 7 ;連繫於齒 輪組5 1 7之小齒輪的加速感測器5 1 8 ;及用於維持加速桿 5 0 6從轉向把手5 0 5側脫離狀態（加速成斷開狀態）用的 未圖示之彈簧等。並構成爲以抓握左右之任一加速桿5 〇 6 側邊邰5 0 6 b且反丨几於彈簧而以側邊部5 0 6 a爲軸來旋轉操 -15- (12) 1237562 作時，該轉動會藉由齒輪組5 1 7而傳達至加速感測器5 1 8 ，並發送信號至主控制器7。 將回到說明有關操縱機構500，在於前車架部丨〇6之 各主車架構件1 07前端部內側，安裝有托架5 07，且在該 托架507上’配設有支承轉向軸50 1下端成旋轉自如用的 突面。而在托架5 0 7上之轉向軸5 0 1後側，配設有具有會 與配設在轉向軸5 0 1下端的齒輪嚙合之齒輪的中間軸（ counter shaft ) 508。而固定橫拉桿臂5 0 9於中間軸5 0 8， 以在朝左或右旋轉轉向軸5 1 0時，會使橫拉桿臂5 〇 9藉由 中間軸5 0 8來朝左或右轉動。 於各前輪1，固定於關節2 0 4之關節臂5 1 0和橫拉桿 臂5 09係藉由轉向橫拉桿5 11來互相連結。而以朝左右旋 轉轉向把手5 0 5時，將藉由中間軸5 0 8，橫拉桿臂5 0 9及 轉向橫拉桿5 1 1來操縱前輪1朝右或左。以如此的來配設 中間軸5 0 8，就能操縱前輪1朝著與轉向把手5 0 5之旋轉 方向成同一方向。該狀態時，倘若適當地選擇轉向軸5 0 1 側之齒輪和中間軸5 0 8側之齒輪的齒輪比，就能適當地設 定操縱（轉向）角度及操縱力。 接著，詳細說明有關動力組6 0 0。動力組6 0 0係如前 述，將與後輪支承機構300協同來支承後輪2。將後述之 電池組700係供予電力於動力組600而驅動電動機601用 者。 接著’詳細說明有關電池組700。電池組7 00，將在 如圖8所示之底板（或稱爲底板平板）3之主要區域且沿 -16- (13) 1237562 著兩側緣部所配置車架相互間，予以收容具有與該車架高 度略相等高度的電池箱7 0 1，而在該電池箱7 0 1內予以排 列配設複數之二次電池（蓄電池）7 0 2 ◦於圖示之例子乃 以前後兩列且在同一平面上來排列複數之二次電池702。 而底板3係由位於較前輪1爲後方且具有與前輪1之 左由相對向間隔略成相等寬度的主底板部5，及較前輪1 之左右朝相對向間隔爲狹小且以較主底板部狹窄之廣度朝 主底板部5前方所展延設置的前（側）底板6所構成。底 板3之主要區域係由主底板5所構成，而電池箱7 01乃配 置於此一部分。 又，前述之主車架103之中央車架部105係沿著主底 板部5之左右兩側緣部來朝前後展延。前車架部1 06係以 較前輪1之左右相對向間隔爲小的相對向間隔來朝中央車 架部1 05前方展延配設。於本實施例，將配置電池箱70 1 於構成中央車架部1 05的主車架構件1 07之相互間。 電池箱701係如圖13所示，呈現槪略爲薄的箱狀， 且形成爲與主車架構件107略成同一高度。而該電池箱 701乃配置於主底板部5下（方）側且在於主車架構件 1 07相互間。作爲乾式形二次電池702 ’在代表性爲使用 著鋰離子電池，但此種乾式形二次電池’通常係組合多數 電池來裝箱。而該時，爲了增進大型之電池模組的密度， 乃形成爲所謂之疊貨物之情況爲多’以致在該狀態下會成 爲相當龐大。而在本實施形態則如前述具備有左右一對之 前輪1，而可形成主底板部5成爲具有與則輪1之左右相 -17- (14) 1237562 ^寸向寬度略相等寬度的大面積，因此，可在同一平面且以 前後兩例來排列合計1 6個的二次電池7 0 2。而令二次電 池7 02寬度（直徑）成爲在於與主車架構件1〇7的高度相 等或少微高之程度，就能設定電池之裝載空間成爲極爲薄 〇 於電池箱7 0 1底部，具備有如圖1 4所示之形成爲符 合於二次電池702外形的複數凹凸狀之保持部。而作爲該 保持部，在本實施形態將形成複數的半月狀肋70 1 a。如 前述因排列二次電池702成同一平面，因而需要固定成不 會由振動等而使二次電池702在電池箱701產生移動。爲 此，以配設半月狀肋701 a來使二次電池702能正確地固 定且形成爲不會產生互相干擾。 電池箱701具有突緣狀之安裝部701b於左右兩側， 而以載置該安裝部70 1 b於主車架構件1 07上之狀態且由 小螺絲來安裝於該主車架構件1 07。該時，將配設該安裝 用小螺絲的插穿孔701c。在於電池箱701前面側，亦即， 在前列側之二次電池7 02前面側，將藉由夾持具7 0 1 d來 配置電池控制器（基板）7 0 3。 電池控制器70 3係用於控制不會在於二次電池702 ( 電池）間產生容量差或電位差所用，而配設成對於電池箱 70 1底部成垂直。以如此地來配設電池控制器703成垂直 於前（面）懸吊周圍之零件和二次電池702同時，就可有 效地活用前後方向的空間。再者，電池控制器703即使配 設成垂直，也由於實在的車輛上，底板係配置成朝上方提 -18- (15) 1237562 局之傾斜狀，因而並不會朝下方突出（展出），使得可有 效地確保最低之地上高度。 如圖14或圖15所示，在電池箱7〇1上部配設有覆蓋 用之平板狀之蓋704。蓋7〇4乃具有與電池箱7〇1上部開 口成匹配的形狀，且從其下面周緣部予以配設垂下之複數 爪片704a。而在電池箱701乃以對應於爪片704a來配設 複數的卡合部701e，並以卡合爪片704a於卡合部701e來 固定蓋704。再者’在於電池箱701和蓋704之疊合部， 將組裝[密合]墊片而使水或塵埃等不會侵入於電池箱7 0 1 內。以覆蓋固定蓋7 04於收容有二次電池702的電池箱 701而構成電池或電池包裝（裝匣）。 又也如在圖1 5所示，將在電池或電池裝匣上側，亦 即蓋704上側，予以配置底板平板3。底板平板係以形成 藉由間隔件來載置於電池相701安裝部701b上的形狀， 而由小螺絲等來安裝於該主車架構件1 〇7。該時會配設該 安裝用小螺絲之插穿孔3 a於底板平板3之周緣部之同時 ，在於安裝部7 0 1 b也配設插穿孔7 0 1 f於插穿孔3 a之對 應位置。 在於電池或電池裝匣下側，亦即，在電池箱7 0 1下側 配置有槪略爲平板狀之下保護罩7 05。下保護罩7 05係形 成覆蓋電池箱70 1下部之狀態，而由小螺絲等來安裝於橋 式跨接構件1 09及橋式跨接構件Π 0 (參照圖6等）。該 時，會在下保護罩7 〇 5之前緣部及後緣部，各配設該安裝 用小螺絲的插穿孔7〇5a、705b (參照圖14 )。 -19- (16) 1237562 再者，於本實施形態之小型電動車輛，參照前述之各 圖可察明，會在配設於底板3後方之單一座位下方前半部 ，配設有如圖3等所示之用於電子控制供電力給予動力組 6 00的電動機601用之主控制器7，及用於充電電池組700 之二次電池702用的充電裝置。而主控制器7及充電裝置 8係由從底板3成一體連續所配設之車體蓋（未圖示）所 覆蓋，形成不會曝露於外部。 又在位於主控制器7等後方之左右一對後輪2間的空 間，將裝設箱狀籠子狀之荷物容納裝置9，且開口配設用 於拿出裝入荷物等用之開口 9a於該荷物容納裝置的上部 。如前述，單一座位係在座位柱114上方極靠近處，予以 支承成可沿其周圍轉動。而以適當地轉動單一座位，就能 以單一座位從上方予覆蓋位於其下方之荷物容納裝置9的 開口 9 a成可開閉一部分或全部。 另一方面，在於轉向架1 02上部，將安裝開關箱（操 作盤）1 0。該開關箱1 0係例如圖7所示藉由固定於轉向 架1 0 2上端之槪略成鍵形之托架1 1來支承。開關箱係用 於裝載各種開關，例如裝載前進後退切換用把手、速度設 定用把手、電池餘量顯示器及充電燈，進而配設有左右方 向指示燈開關及喇叭按鈕等之開關。 開關箱1 〇係在轉向把手5 05前方極靠近之位置且配 置成有適當地傾斜，而構成爲對於駕駛操作所需要的開關 種類會手容易接觸，並容易觀看顯示燈等的顯示內容。因 此，坐在單一座位之乘座員能簡單且正確地操作開關箱 - 20- (17) 1237562 1 0之開關種。該時，可因應於所需可適當地操作加速 桿 5 06。 又在開關箱1 0下方極靠近位置，安裝內裝有軟線捲 軸的軟線捲軸管1 2於轉向架1 0 2。而朝捲取方向賦予力 量的充電用軟線係形成可拉出自如地捲繞於軟線捲軸，該 充用Ιλ /T泉乃連fee於充電裝置8。當要進行充電於電池組 7 0 0之一次電池7 0 2時，將從軟線捲軸箱1 2拉出充電用軟 線，且藉由該充電用軟線來與外部電源連接充電裝置8。 在於轉向架1 0 2上部，例如利用夾持具5 〇 2來安裝主 鑰13。主鑰13會配置於乘座於單一座位之乘座員能容易 操作之位置。而在主鑰1 3下方架設有箱狀或籠子狀的荷 物容納裝置1 4於轉向架1 02，且開口配設用於能拿出放 入荷物用的開口於該荷物容納裝置1 4上部。 在於前述之狀態下，各組乃由以塑膠或合成樹脂等所 形成的車體蓋所覆蓋著，而設計爲車輛整體能成爲所定的 外觀新式樣。該寺，可組裝腳蓋板等於轉向架1 〇 2周圍， 而在前輪1及後輪2之周圍，各可組裝前（部）擋泥板及 後（部）擋泥板。 再者，在實在的車，將會裝配行走上所需要之安全或 保安零件種類。而作爲此種裝配品，包括有頭燈、方向指 示燈、停車燈、側鏡或喇叭等，更進一步因應於所需要而 會裝配其他零件等。 在於實際使用作成爲前述結構之小型電動車輛時，乘 座於單一位座位之乘座員，以抓握轉向把手505，且拉加 -21 - (18) 1237562 速桿506或因應於所需要踩踏腳踏煞車，就可行走車輛。 該時，會縱容納於底板平板3下側之電池組7〇〇供電力給 予動力組600，而動力組600之電動機601會驅動後輪2 ，使得乘座員可順暢且正確地駕駛該小型電動車輛。 於以上所述之本實施形態的小型電動車輛，因在從轉 向軸5 0 1軸線上朝單一座位側偏位位置予以支承轉向把手 5 0 5，而轉向把手5 0 5具有從直線桿部5 0 5 S左右兩端成圓 弧狀展延之側方桿部505 L、505 R，因而乘座員能以自然 地抓握轉向把手505之側方桿部5 05 L、5 05 R來進行作把 手。雖然轉動（轉向）把手時，會令一方之側方桿部 5 0 5 L、5 0 5 R從乘座員側遠離，但該時也可改變抓握會遠 離之側方桿部5 05L、5 05R的下部或直線桿部5 05 S，因此 ，經常能以舒適之姿勢來進行把手之操作。 又由於可卧倒或豎立轉向把手5 05，使得可由響應於 乘座員之體格等來調節成所期盼的角度來增進操作性。例 如乘座員爲較爲短小者時，只要予以豎立轉向把手5 05， 就能以舒適姿勢來抓握轉向把手5 05，甚至在轉動把手時 ，也能使側方桿部5 05L、5Q5R從乘座員側遠離程度變爲 小0 又加速機構底板部504，因固定於轉向把手5 05，因 而即使予以調節轉向把手5 0 5之角度，也會維持轉向把手 505的側方桿部5 05 L、505R和加速桿506之位置關係， 使得也不會形成加速桿5 0 6難以操作的情況。 再者，轉向把手5 0 5前部因成爲缺口，以致可增進可 -22- (19) 1237562 見性。尤其，如前述配置有開關箱（操作盤）1 〇於轉向 把手5 05極爲靠近位置時，可增進對於該開關箱1 0的可 見性，而可增進操作性。 再者’又由於配設加速桿5 0 6於左右兩側，因此，可 轉動操任何一方之容易使用者。如前述加速桿506之轉動 操作量雖會傳送至控制器7，而響應於該控制來驅動後輪 2 ’但在例如轉動操作左右兩方的加速桿506時，予以構 成控制器7能依照操作量爲大一方來驅動控制後輪2就可 〇 接著’將參照圖1 7〜圖2 2來說明有關依據本實施形 態的操縱（轉向）裝置，操縱裝置係如前述，將予以支承 轉向把手5 05成可轉動於上端的同時，會從底板3前端部 朝上方突出之轉向軸5 0 1，及藉由轉向節主銷20 8來支承 成可朝左右擺於朝左右方向外側展延配設之吊桿臂203外 側端部的關節，藉由橫拉桿臂5 0 9及轉向節臂5 1 0且由轉 向橫拉桿5 1 1所連結。 而在熔接於轉向架102下端之托架507，將如圖19 A 、1 9B所示予以配設轉向軸安裝用突面52 1和中間軸安裝 用突面5 2 2於其凹部內。突面（b 〇 s s ) 5 2 1，將藉由軸承 5 2 3 (理想爲樹脂製襯套）來支承轉向軸之下端。而在軸 承5 2 3上部予以固定略半月狀之齒輪（5 24 (平齒輪）， 且在齒輪5 24會嚙合固定於中間軸5 0 8的略半月狀之齒輪 5 2 5 (平齒輪）。中間軸5 0 8係藉由軸承5 2 6且由突面5 2 2 以軸支承’該日^ ’將會介居***間_件5 2 7於上下的軸承 - 23- (20) 1237562 5 2 6之間。 尤其在本發明，橫拉桿臂5 0 9及轉向節臂5丨〇係如圖 1 8所不’以挾持聯結左右轉向節主銷2 〇 8軸心相互間的 軸線來配置成互相朝相反方向突出。該狀態係從關節2〇4 朝斜前方展延配設轉向節臂5 1 0，而從轉向軸5 〇 !朝後方 展延配設橫拉桿臂509。 以如此地來配置構成橫拉桿臂5 0 9及轉向節臂5 1 0時 ’將會令轉向橫拉桿5 1 1兩端之連桿端5 1 1 a及5 1 1 b位於 聯結轉向節主銷208軸心相互間的軸線之前方及後方位置 〇 又予以配置轉向軸5 0 1下端支承部（轉向軸安裝用突 面521 )於較聯結轉向節主銷2〇8軸心相互間之軸線爲前 方’而配置橫拉桿臂5 0 9之轉軸（中間軸5 0 8 )於較轉向 軸501爲後方。且由作爲連繫手段之齒輪524、5 25來連 繫轉向軸5 0 1及中間軸5 〇 8。該狀態時，橫拉桿臂5 〇 9會 配設於底板3前部下方（參照圖2或圖9等）。 本發明之操縱裝置，可確保靠近於所謂阿克曼（ A c k e 1· m a η ’梯形轉向機構）理論的轉向角度，且可實現順 暢且正確之操縱’行走性能。有關阿克曼理論係如圖2 } 所示’所謂***縱（轉向）之左右前輪（F )的車軸中心 Μ!、Μ 2，會在後輪（R )之車軸延長線Μ，上交叉。當轉向 角度α來轉向左側前輪時，倘若右側前輪之轉向角度作爲 yS時’能成II如下之公式。再者，圖中之μ係表示聯結 轉向節主銷20 8之軸心相互間的軸線。 -24- (21) 1237562A rod support 409 with a bearing 409 is fixed to the front of the base bracket 406. A rotation shaft 4 1 1 is inserted through the bearing 409, and the rotation shaft 4 1 1 is extended to the outside and is appropriately bent to form a rod portion 4 1 2. The rotating shaft 4 1 1 is fixed with a claw piece 4 1 4 protruding downward from an opening 4 1 3 arranged on the base bracket 406 from the opening. The claw piece 4 1 4 can be rotated by the operating lever portion. The claw piece 4 1 4 has a hole 414a which can be engaged with a tooth of a stopper plate which will be described later. On the other hand, a stopper plate 415 'is fixed to the upper end of the tube support 408, and a plurality of teeth 4 1 6 are arranged at appropriate angular intervals on the outer peripheral portion of the stopper plate 4 1 5. On the other hand, both sides of each tooth 4 1 6 are cut away as a clearance, so that they can engage with the claw piece 414. A single seat is supported on the seat post 1 1 4 by inserting the seat post 407 into the pipe support 408. At this time, the lever portion 4 1 2 is used to engage the claw piece 4 1 4 with a desired tooth, so that a single seat can be selectively fixed at a desired angular position. Next, the steering (steering) mechanism 500 will be described in detail. The steering mechanism 501 will keep the steering shaft 501 freely rotated by a plurality of supports (clip -13-1237562 (10) holder) 5 02 inside the bogie 102. The upper end of the steering shaft 501 is provided with a steering handle 5 0 5. The steering shaft 501 is divided on the way and connected by a universal joint 503, and the upper steering shaft is inclined toward the single seat side. Therefore, the steering handle 505 can be arranged close to a single seat while ensuring a wide floor space. Figures 11 and 12 are squint (stereoscopic) views around the steering handle 505. The steering handle 5 05 has a linear rod portion 5 0 5 S and side rod portions 5 0 5 L and 5 0 5 R extending in an arc shape from the left and right ends of the linear rod portion 5 0 5 S. The front portion has The deformation of the notch is U-shaped. A steering handle support portion 5 1 2 is provided on the side of the upper end of the steering shaft 5 0 1 and extends rearward and bends upward from the middle. A clamping member 5 1 3 is fixed to the front end of the steering handle support portion 5 1 2. The clamping member 5 1 3 has through holes at the left and right, and is divided into upper and lower two, and the lower clamping member 5 1 3 a is fused to the front end of the steering handle support portion 5 1 2, and the upper clamping member 5 1 3 b is fastened to the lower clamping member 5 丨 3 a by the screw 5 1 4. The center of the linear lever portion 5 0 5 S of the steering handle 5 0 5 is held by the clamping member 5 1 3 and supported. Therefore, 'with the loosening screw, the steering handle 5 05 can be rotated with the linear rod portion 5 05 S as an axis (refer to the arrow mark R in the figure), so that the adjustable steering handle 5 0 5 can lie flat or stand upright to form the desired period. Look at the angle. As described above, the steering handle 505 supported at a position deviated from the steering shaft 51 axis toward the single seat side is brought into a flat state, that is, as shown in the figure! As shown in Figure 2, when the steering handle is made perpendicular to the steering shaft 501, the center of the steering handle 505 will be slightly aligned with the axis of the steering shaft 501. -14- 1237562 (11) Brackets 5 1 5 are fixed to the inside and slightly downward of the side levers 5 05L and 505R around the steering handle 5 05 by welding or the like. The brackets 5 1 5 support both sides of the bottom plate portion 50 04 of the acceleration mechanism. The acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504 thus fixed will be located on the steering handle side and formed slightly deeper. Acceleration levers are provided on the left and right sides of the bottom plate portion 504 of the acceleration mechanism. On the other hand, the acceleration lever 5 06 is made in the shape of a letter] and the open side is directed downward, so that one side edge portion 5 06a is supported on the side portion of the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504 so as to be able to rotate freely. The other side portion 506b is disposed below the side lever portions 505L and 505R of the steering handle 505 as an operation lever portion and is slightly parallel to the side lever portions 505L and 505R. Therefore, it becomes possible to grasp the side lever portions 5 0 5 L and 5 0 5 R of the steering handle 5 0 5 and to rotate the acceleration lever 5 0 6. In addition, if the side lever portions 5 05L and 5 05 R of the steering handle 5 0 5 are matched to make the other side portion 506 b of the acceleration lever 5 06 to be slightly arc-shaped, even if the steering handle 505 is gripped When the upper or lower side of the square 505 L, 5 05R is in a state, it can be easily turned to operate the accelerator lever 5 0 6. On both sides of the bottom plate portion 504 of the acceleration mechanism, it will be equipped with: supporting the acceleration rod 5 6 6 side portion 5 6 a into a freely rotatable holder 5 1 6; detecting the acceleration rod 5 0 6 A gear set 5 1 7 for turning and magnification; an acceleration sensor 5 1 8 connected to a pinion of the gear set 5 1 7; and a state for keeping the acceleration lever 5 0 6 off the steering handle 5 0 5 side Spring (not shown) for acceleration (disconnected state). And it is configured to hold any one of the left and right acceleration levers 〇6 side 邰 5 0 6 b and reverse the number of springs, and use the side part 5 0 6 a as the axis to rotate -15- (12) 1237562 as At this time, the rotation is transmitted to the acceleration sensor 5 1 8 through the gear set 5 1 7 and sends a signal to the main controller 7. We will return to the description of the operating mechanism 500. Inside the front end portion of each main frame member 107 of the front frame section 06, a bracket 507 is mounted, and a support steering shaft is provided on the bracket 507. 50 1 The lower end is a convex surface for free rotation. A counter shaft 508 is provided on the rear side of the steering shaft 501 on the bracket 507. The counter shaft has a gear that meshes with a gear disposed on the lower end of the steering shaft 501. The tie rod arm 5 0 9 is fixed to the intermediate shaft 5 0 8 so that when the steering shaft 5 1 0 is rotated to the left or right, the tie rod arm 5 009 is rotated to the left or right through the intermediate shaft 5 0 8 . At each front wheel 1, an articulated arm 5 1 0 and a tie rod arm 5 09 fixed to the joint 2 0 4 are connected to each other by a steering tie rod 5 11. When turning the steering handle 5 05 to the left and right, the front wheel 1 will be steered to the right or left by the intermediate shaft 5 0 8, the tie rod arm 5 0 9 and the steering tie rod 5 1 1. With the intermediate shaft 5 0 8 configured in this way, the front wheel 1 can be steered in the same direction as the rotation direction of the steering handle 5 0 5. In this state, if the gear ratio of the gear on the steering shaft 50 1 side and the gear on the intermediate shaft 5 08 side is appropriately selected, the steering (steering) angle and the steering force can be appropriately set. Next, the power pack 6 0 0 will be described in detail. As described above, the power train 6 0 0 will support the rear wheel 2 in cooperation with the rear wheel support mechanism 300. A battery pack 700 to be described later is used for supplying power to the power pack 600 and driving the motor 601. Next, the battery pack 700 will be described in detail. The battery pack 7 00 will be located in the main area of the bottom plate (or called the bottom plate) 3 as shown in FIG. 8 and along the -16- (13) 1237562 along the sides of the two sides of the frame. The battery box 7 0 1 of the frame height is slightly equal, and a plurality of secondary batteries (batteries) 7 0 2 are arranged in the battery box 7 0 1. The example shown in the figure is the front and back two rows and A plurality of secondary batteries 702 are arranged on the same plane. The bottom plate 3 is a main bottom plate portion 5 which is located behind the front wheel 1 and has a width that is slightly equal to that of the left side of the front wheel 1. The space between the main plate portion 5 is narrower than the main plate portion. The narrow width is constituted by a front (side) bottom plate 6 extending in front of the main bottom plate portion 5. The main area of the bottom plate 3 is constituted by the main bottom plate 5, and the battery box 701 is disposed in this part. Further, the center frame portion 105 of the main frame 103 is extended forward and backward along the left and right side edge portions of the main bottom plate portion 5. The front frame portion 106 is extended toward the front of the center frame portion 105 at a relatively small interval from the left and right relative intervals of the front wheel 1. In this embodiment, a battery box 70 1 is disposed between the main frame members 107 that constitute the central frame portion 105. As shown in FIG. 13, the battery box 701 has a thin box shape, and is formed at the same height as the main frame member 107. The battery box 701 is disposed on the lower (square) side of the main floor portion 5 and is located between the main vehicle frame members 107. The dry-type secondary battery 702 'is typically a lithium-ion battery, but such a dry-type secondary battery' is usually packaged in a combination of many batteries. At this time, in order to increase the density of a large-sized battery module, it is often formed as a so-called stack of goods' so that in this state, it will become quite large. In this embodiment, as described above, the left and right pair of front wheels 1 are provided, and the main bottom plate portion 5 can be formed to have a large area with a width approximately equal to the left and right sides of the wheel 1. -17- (14) 1237562 Therefore, a total of 16 secondary batteries 7 0 2 can be arranged on the same plane and two cases before and after. By making the width (diameter) of the secondary battery 7 02 equal to or slightly higher than the height of the main vehicle frame member 107, the battery loading space can be set to be extremely thin at the bottom of the battery box 7 01. As shown in FIG. 14, a plurality of concave-convex holding portions are formed to conform to the outer shape of the secondary battery 702. As the holding portion, a plurality of semi-moon-shaped ribs 70 1 a are formed in this embodiment. As described above, since the secondary batteries 702 are arranged on the same plane, they need to be fixed so that the secondary batteries 702 do not move in the battery case 701 due to vibration or the like. For this reason, a half-moon-shaped rib 701a is provided so that the secondary battery 702 can be accurately fixed and formed so as not to cause mutual interference. The battery box 701 has flange-shaped mounting portions 701b on the left and right sides, and the mounting portion 70 1 b is mounted on the main vehicle frame member 107 in a state where the mounting portion 70 1 b is mounted on the main vehicle frame member 107. . At this time, an insertion hole 701c of the mounting screw is provided. On the front side of the battery box 701, that is, on the front side of the secondary battery 702 on the front row side, the battery controller (substrate) 703 will be arranged by the clamp 701 d. The battery controller 70 3 is used to control that a capacity difference or a potential difference does not occur between the secondary batteries 702 (batteries), and is arranged perpendicular to the bottom of the battery box 70 1. By arranging the battery controller 703 so as to be perpendicular to the front (surface) suspension surrounding parts and the secondary battery 702, the space in the front-rear direction can be effectively utilized. In addition, even if the battery controller 703 is arranged vertically, the bottom plate of the actual vehicle is arranged to be inclined upward by -18- (15) 1237562 rounds, so it does not protrude downward (exhibited) So that it can effectively ensure the lowest ground height. As shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 15, a flat cover 704 for covering is arranged on the upper part of the battery case 701. The cover 704 has a shape matching the upper opening of the battery box 701, and a plurality of hanging claw pieces 704a are provided from the peripheral edge portion of the cover 704. The battery box 701 is provided with a plurality of engaging portions 701e corresponding to the claw pieces 704a, and the cover 704 is fixed with the engaging claw pieces 704a on the engaging portion 701e. Furthermore, at the overlapping portion of the battery box 701 and the cover 704, a [close] gasket will be assembled so that water, dust, and the like will not enter the battery box 701. A battery or a battery pack (boxing) is configured by covering the fixed cover 704 in the battery box 701 containing the secondary battery 702. Also as shown in FIG. 15, the bottom plate 3 is arranged on the upper side of the battery or the battery pack, that is, on the upper side of the cover 704. The bottom plate is formed into a shape that is placed on the battery phase 701 mounting portion 701b by a spacer, and is mounted on the main vehicle frame member 107 by a small screw or the like. At this time, the insertion hole 3 a of the mounting screw is arranged at the peripheral edge of the bottom plate 3, and the mounting portion 7 0 1 b is also provided with a corresponding insertion hole 7 0 1 f at the corresponding position of the insertion hole 3 a. On the lower side of the battery or battery pack, that is, the lower side of the battery box 701 is provided with a substantially flat lower protective cover 705. The lower protective cover 7 05 is formed so as to cover the lower portion of the battery box 70 1 and is attached to the bridge bridge member 109 and the bridge bridge member Π 0 by small screws or the like (see FIG. 6 and the like). At this time, insertion holes 705a and 705b of the mounting screws are respectively provided at the front edge portion and the rear edge portion of the lower protective cover 705 (see FIG. 14). -19- (16) 1237562 Furthermore, in the small electric vehicle of this embodiment, referring to the foregoing drawings, it can be ascertained that the front half of the lower part of the single seat arranged behind the bottom plate 3 is provided as shown in FIG. 3 etc. A main controller 7 for a motor 601 for electronically controlling power supply to a power pack 600 and a charging device for a secondary battery 702 of a rechargeable battery pack 700 are shown. The main controller 7 and the charging device 8 are covered by a vehicle body cover (not shown) provided continuously and integrally from the bottom plate 3 so as not to be exposed to the outside. In the space between a pair of left and right rear wheels 2 located behind the main controller 7, etc., a box-shaped cage-like load storage device 9 is installed, and an opening 9a is provided for taking out a load and the like. The load contains the upper part of the device. As mentioned above, the single seat is located very close to the seat post 114 and is supported so as to be rotatable around it. By properly turning the single seat, the opening 9a of the load accommodating device 9 located below it can be covered by the single seat from above to be able to be opened or closed partially or completely. On the other hand, in the upper part of the bogie 102, a switch box (operation panel) 10 will be installed. The switch box 10 is supported by, for example, a bracket 11 fixed to the upper end of the bogie 102 as a key-shaped bracket 11 as shown in FIG. The switch box is used to load various switches, such as the handle for forward and backward switching, the handle for speed setting, the remaining battery indicator, and the charging lamp, and it is also equipped with switches such as left and right direction indicator switches and horn buttons. The switch box 10 is located at a position very close to the front of the steering handle 505 and is configured to be appropriately inclined, and is configured to be easy to touch with a switch type required for driving operation, and easy to view display contents such as a display lamp. Therefore, an occupant sitting in a single seat can easily and correctly operate the switch box-20- (17) 1237562 1 0. At this time, the accelerator lever 5 06 can be appropriately operated as required. At the very close position below the switch box 10, a flexible reel tube 12 containing a flexible reel is installed on the bogie 102. On the other hand, the charging cord for which a force is applied in the winding direction is formed so as to be freely wound around the cord reel, and the charging Iλ / T spring is connected to the charging device 8. When charging the primary battery 702 of the battery pack 7000, the charging cord is pulled out from the cord reel box 12 and the charging device 8 is connected to an external power source through the charging cord. At the upper part of the bogie 102, the master key 13 is mounted using a clamp 502, for example. The master key 13 is arranged in a position where it can be easily operated by an occupant seated in a single seat. A box-shaped or cage-shaped load accommodating device 14 is provided below the main key 13 on the bogie 10, and an opening is provided on the upper portion of the load accommodating device 14 for openings for loading and unloading. In the aforementioned state, each group is covered by a vehicle body cover formed of plastic or synthetic resin, etc., and the whole vehicle is designed to have a predetermined new appearance. In this temple, the assemblable foot cover is equal to around the bogie 102, and around the front wheel 1 and the rear wheel 2, each can be assembled with a front (part) fender and a rear (part) fender. Furthermore, in actual vehicles, the types of safety or security components required for walking will be assembled. As such assembly products, there are headlights, direction indicators, parking lights, side mirrors or horns, etc. Furthermore, other parts will be assembled as required. In the actual use as a small electric vehicle with the aforementioned structure, the occupant seated in a single seat grasps the steering handle 505, and pulls -21-(18) 1237562. The speed lever 506 may be stepped on as needed. You can walk on the brakes. At this time, the power pack 600 will be longitudinally accommodated by a battery pack 700 power supply under the floor plate 3, and the electric motor 601 of the power pack 600 will drive the rear wheels 2 so that the occupant can drive the small electric motor smoothly and correctly. vehicle. In the small-sized electric vehicle of this embodiment described above, the steering handle 5 0 5 is supported at a position shifted from the steering shaft 50 1 axis to a single seat side, and the steering handle 5 0 5 includes a linear lever 5 0 5 S The side levers 505 L and 505 R which are arc-shaped extensions at the left and right ends, so the occupant can naturally work by grasping the side levers 5 05 L and 5 05 R of the steering handle 505. handle. Although turning (steering) the handle will move one of the side levers 5 0 5 L and 5 0 5 R away from the occupant, you can also change the side lever 5 05L, 5 The lower part of the 05R or the linear rod part 5 05 S, therefore, it is often possible to operate the handle in a comfortable posture. Furthermore, since the steering handle 505 can be laid down or erected, the operability can be improved by adjusting the angle to a desired angle in response to the physique of the occupant. For example, when the occupant is relatively short, as long as the steering handle 5 05 is erected, the steering handle 5 05 can be grasped in a comfortable posture, and even when the handle is turned, the side levers 5 05L and 5Q5R can be used by passengers. The seat-side distance is reduced to 0 and the acceleration mechanism floor portion 504 is fixed to the steering handle 5 05. Therefore, even if the angle of the steering handle 5 0 5 is adjusted, the side lever portion 505 L of the steering handle 505 is maintained. The positional relationship between the 505R and the acceleration lever 506 makes it difficult to operate the acceleration lever 506. Furthermore, the front part of the steering handle 5 0 5 is notched, which can improve visibility -22- (19) 1237562. In particular, when the switch box (operation panel) 10 is disposed close to the steering handle 505 as described above, visibility of the switch box 10 can be improved, and operability can be improved. Furthermore, since the acceleration levers 506 are provided on the left and right sides, it is easy for the user to rotate and operate either side. As described above, although the rotation operation amount of the acceleration lever 506 is transmitted to the controller 7, and the rear wheel 2 'is driven in response to the control, for example, when the left and right acceleration levers 506 are rotated and operated, the controller 7 can be configured according to the operation. The larger one is required to drive and control the rear wheel 2. Then, the steering (steering) device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22, and the steering device will support the steering handle 5 as described above. 05% can be rotated at the upper end, and the steering shaft 5 0 1 that protrudes upward from the front end of the bottom plate 3 is supported by the steering pin 20 8 so that it can be extended to the left and right to extend outward in the left and right direction. The joint at the outer end of the boom arm 203 is connected by a tie rod arm 5 0 9 and a knuckle arm 5 1 0 and a steering rod 5 1 1. On the bracket 507 fused to the lower end of the bogie 102, as shown in Figs. 19A and 19B, a protruding surface 521 for steering shaft mounting and a protruding surface 52 for intermediate shaft mounting are arranged in the recesses. The protruding surface (b 0 s s) 5 2 1 will support the lower end of the steering shaft by a bearing 5 2 3 (ideally a resin bush). A slightly half-moon gear (5 24 (flat gear)) is fixed on the upper part of the bearing 5 2 3, and a slightly half-moon gear 5 2 5 (flat gear) fixed to the intermediate shaft 5 0 8 is meshed with the gear 5 24. The intermediate shaft 5 0 8 is supported by the bearing 5 2 6 and the protruding surface 5 2 2 is supported by the shaft 'that day ^' will be inserted between the insert room 5 and the upper and lower bearings-23- (20) 1237562 5 Between 2 and 6. Especially in the present invention, the tie rod arm 509 and the knuckle arm 5 are not arranged as shown in FIG. 18 by holding and connecting the left and right knuckle king pins 208 with the axes of each other. The joints protrude in opposite directions from each other. In this state, a knuckle arm 5 1 0 is extended obliquely forward from the joint 204, and a tie rod arm 509 is extended from the steering shaft 50! Toward the rear. To configure the tie rod arm 5 0 9 and the knuckle arm 5 1 0 'will cause the connecting rod ends 5 1 1 a and 5 1 1 b at both ends of the steering tie rod 5 1 1 to be located on the joint steering pin 208 axis The front and rear positions of the axes between the cores are arranged, and the steering shaft 501 is provided with a lower end support (the steering shaft installation projection surface 521), which is more connected to the steering pin 208 axis. The mutual axis is forward ', and the rotation axis (intermediate axis 5 0 8) of the tie rod arm 5 0 9 is rearward than the steering shaft 501. The gears 524 and 5 25 as the connecting means are connected to the steering shaft 5 0 1 and the intermediate shaft 5 0. In this state, the tie rod arm 5 09 is disposed below the front part of the bottom plate 3 (refer to FIG. 2 or FIG. 9 etc.). The operating device of the present invention can ensure close to the so-called Arab Kerman (Ake 1 · ma η 'trapezoidal steering mechanism') theoretical steering angle, and can achieve smooth and correct manipulation 'walking performance. The relevant Ackerman theory is shown in Figure 2}' so-called manipulated (steering) The center of the axles M! And M2 of the left and right front wheels (F) will cross on the axis extension line M of the rear wheel (R). When the steering angle α is used to steer the left front wheel, if the steering angle of the right front wheel is yS 'Can make II the following formula. In addition, μ in the figure represents the axis of the shaft center of the joint pin 20 8 connected to each other. -24- (21) 1237562
cot α = B/L cot/3 = A + B/L 再者’ L爲前後車軸間距離（w h e e 1 b a s e ) ，A爲轉向節主 銷間距離。 例如圖示之例子，將成爲車輛旋轉中心之內側的左側 前輪（轉向角度α )之車軸中心線假定爲M j，及將成爲 $輛旋轉中心之外側的右側前輪（轉向角度/3 )之主軸心 中線假定爲M2，又有關與車輛中心線C爲平行的轉向節 ΐ銷中心線N之與車軸中心線Μ !成線對稱作爲直線μ ,， 。並予以變化內側之轉向角度（〇〜9 0 ° )，且在該每一角 度予以點繪車軸中心線Μ 2和直線Μ Γ的交點，就可獲得阿 克曼理論線Ρ。 圖22係顯示於本發明之操縱裝置，當朝左操縱前輪 1 ^ ’以與獲取上述之阿克曼理論線Ρ爲同樣方法來變化 左側則輪1的轉向角度α及右側前輪1的轉向角度0 ( α —0。、 1 5。、30。、45。、60。.......及石=0。、15。、 3()。、45。、60° .......)時的與阿克曼理論線Ρ之對應 關係。該狀態係以轉動橫拉桿臂5〇9來使轉向節臂5丨〇之 ^動角度變化，且與點繪在於阿克曼理論線ρ之車軸中心 線Μ2和直線Μ]，的交點同樣，予以點繪在每一轉向角度“ 及轉向角度点的角度變化15。之交點Ρ〇、Ρΐ5、ρ3()、Ρ45、 Ρ6°、......者。由圖可察明直至轉向角度α二80 °左右爲止 -25- (22) 1237562 ，略與阿克曼理論線P形成一致。 而依據此種電動車輛之法律規範的形式認定上， 範於整個長度爲1 200mm，整個寬度爲700mm以下。 以該條件來構成四輪型式之車輛時，各車輪會形成配 車輛的四個角隅。又爲了行走狹窄通道等，有需要確 的操縱轉向角度。在本發明，將從關節204朝向前方 配設轉向節臂5 1 0，且從轉向軸5 0 1朝向後方展延配 拉桿臂509。以如此地來配置構成橫拉桿臂5〇9及轉 臂5 10時’就能在直線行進時（參照圖18)，可設 向橫拉桿5 11軸線和車輛前後方向之軸線夾角成爲銳 由而可確保大的最大操縱角度。而且前輪1內側之轉 度即使成爲80°左右（參照圖20 )，也可略順著阿 理論線P來移位轉向角度。 又以如上述來設定直線行進時之轉向橫拉桿5 i】 和車輛前後方向軸線的夾角成爲銳角，就可令轉向 5 1 0和車輛前後方向軸線的夾角予以形成爲朝車輛左 向內側打開。由而，即使確保大的轉向節臂5丨〇前端 輪1之間隙，也能使用於支承關節204可擺動用的轉 主銷208靠近於前輪1而可設定摩擦（scrub )半徑（ 節主銷偏位）爲小者。以令摩擦半徑成爲小時，就可 車輛的操縱性或穩定性。 再者，由於可配置從底板3前端部朝上突出之轉 501於車輛前方，使得可確保廣闊之底板3，使得能 地使用底板3。該時，以配置轉向軸5 0 1形成較軸線 乃規 倘若 置於 保大 展延 設橫 向節 定轉 角， 向角 克曼 軸線 節臂 右方 和前 向節 轉向 增進 向軸 有效 Μ更 -26- (23) 1237562 前方時，就能形成更廣闊的底板3。cot α = B / L cot / 3 = A + B / L, and ’L is the distance between the front and rear axles (w h e e 1 b a s e), and A is the distance between the knuckle pins. For the example shown in the figure, the axis centerline of the left front wheel (steering angle α) that is inside the vehicle's rotation center is assumed to be M j, and the main axis of the right front wheel (steering angle / 3) that is outside the vehicle's rotation center is assumed. The center line is assumed to be M2, and the knuckle pin center line N parallel to the vehicle center line C is linearly symmetric with the center line M of the axle as a straight line μ ,,. The inside steering angle (0 ~ 90 °) is changed, and the intersection point of the axle centerline M 2 and the straight line M Γ is plotted at each angle to obtain the Ackerman theoretical line P. FIG. 22 shows the operating device of the present invention. When the front wheel 1 is operated to the left, the steering angle α of the left wheel 1 and the steering angle of the right front wheel 1 are changed in the same way as the above-mentioned Ackerman theoretical line P is obtained. 0 (α —0., 1 5 .., 30., 45., 60 ..... and stone = 0., 15 .. 3 ()., 45., 60 ° ..... ..) corresponds to the Ackerman theory line P. In this state, the angle of movement of the knuckle arm 5 丨 is changed by turning the tie rod arm 509, and the point of intersection is the same as the intersection center line M2 and the straight line M of the Ackerman theoretical line ρ. Points are plotted at each steering angle "and the angle change of the steering angle point is 15. The intersection points Po, P5, ρ3 (), P45, P6 °, .... can be found from the figure up to the steering angle α-2 until about 80 ° -25- (22) 1237562, which is slightly consistent with Ackerman's theoretical line P. According to the formal identification of the legal norms of such electric vehicles, the entire length is 1 200mm, and the entire width is 700mm or less. When a four-wheel type vehicle is constructed under these conditions, each wheel will form four corners for the vehicle. In addition, in order to walk a narrow passage, it is necessary to accurately control the steering angle. In the present invention, the joint 204 A knuckle arm 5 1 0 is arranged forward, and a tie rod arm 509 is extended from the steering shaft 51 1 toward the rear. When the cross tie rod arm 509 and the swing arm 5 10 are configured in this way, the straight line can be formed. When traveling (refer to Figure 18), you can set the axis of the tie rod 5 11 and the front and rear of the vehicle The included angle of the axis becomes sharp to ensure a large maximum steering angle. Even if the rotation inside the front wheel 1 is about 80 ° (see FIG. 20), the steering angle can be shifted slightly along the theory line P. As described above, the angle between the steering tie rod 5 i when traveling in a straight line and the front-back direction axis of the vehicle becomes an acute angle, and the angle between the steering 5 10 and the front-back direction axis of the vehicle can be formed to open to the left and inward of the vehicle. Moreover, even if a large gap between the front knuckle arm 5 and the front wheel 1 is ensured, the pivot pin 208 for swinging the support joint 204 can be set close to the front wheel 1 and a scrub radius can be set. Position) is small. If the friction radius is small, the maneuverability or stability of the vehicle can be achieved. Moreover, the rotation 501 protruding upward from the front end portion of the bottom plate 3 can be arranged in front of the vehicle, so that a wide bottom plate can be secured. 3, which enables the use of the bottom plate 3. At this time, the configuration of the steering shaft 5 0 1 to form a more axial line is the rule. If it is placed in the extension angle of the lateral joint, the right side of the knuckle axis and the forward direction When the steering is increased, the steering shaft is effective, and -26- (23) 1237562, a wider floor plate 3 can be formed.
又藉由作爲連繫手段之齒輪5 24、5 25來聯結轉向軸 5 0 1和橫拉桿臂。該狀態時，予以適當地設定該等齒輪的 減速比，就可增進轉向（駕駛）操作性。例如在於臂力爲 弱的女性年長者等可縮小減速比，就能以小的把手操作力 來駕駛。又在於男性時，將減速比予以形成較大，就能以 小的把手轉向角度來使前輪轉向角度變爲大，亦即，可獲 得快速之操作感。The gears 5 24 and 5 25 are used to connect the steering shaft 501 and the tie rod arm. In this state, by setting the reduction ratio of these gears appropriately, steering (driving) operability can be improved. For example, female seniors with weak arm strength can reduce the reduction ratio and can drive with a small handle force. In the case of men, if the reduction ratio is made large, the steering angle of the front wheels can be made large with a small steering angle, that is, a quick operation feeling can be obtained.
以上，雖與種種實施形態一起來說明本發明，但本發 明並非僅限定於該等之實施形態而已，能在本發明的範圃 內可予以變更等。例如前述實施形態雖說明了左右之方向 指示燈開關及喇叭按鈕配設於開關箱1 0的例子，但也可 作成如圖1 6所示，配設左右之方向指示燈開關5 1 9或喇 叭按鈕5 20於固定在轉向把手505之托架515。由而，並 不需要從轉向把手5 05放開手之狀態下，就可操作左右的 方向指示燈開關5 1 9或喇叭按鈕5 20。 又例如令橫拉桿臂5 09沿著其中心線分割爲二，以構 成爲左右可各別之產生作用，就可成爲如所謂的電動椅等 之小型電動車輛在其地方實施旋轉。該時，因以連續地進 行把手操作之同時，要維持在該地方旋轉，因此，需要配 備暫時停止在該地方旋轉，而使左右前輪作成「八」字狀 用的機構。 (發明之效果） -27- (24) 1237562 如以上所說明，依據本發明可提供一種具備有優異於 使用性或操縱性等之操縱裝置的小型電動車輛。 亦即，在於此種之小型電動車輛，因支承轉向把手於 從轉向軸上之軸線朝單一座位側偏位的位置，且轉向把手 具有從直線桿部左右兩端成圓弧狀展延之側方桿部，因而 乘座員能以自然的感覺來抓握轉向把手的側方桿部來進行 把手操作。又轉向把手因支承成可朝前後方向轉動，因而 可予以平躺或豎立轉向把手，使得能因應於乘座員之體格 來調整爲所期盼之角度，以致可更增進操作性。 又在此種之小型電動車輛，能確保大的最大操縱角度 ’且略依照阿克曼理論線來位移轉向角度。由而，即使進 行旋轉運動也會使輪胎產生側滑成爲少，使得在構造上並 不會賦予過度的負荷之同時，能有效地抑制輪胎的磨損。 又以適當，理想地設定橫拉桿臂、轉向節臂及轉向橫拉桿 之配置關係時，不僅可作成爲車輛具有操縱性或穩定性， 且可確保廣闊的底板，使得能有效地使用底板。再者，以 適當地設定連結轉向軸和橫拉桿臂的齒輪減速比時，就具 有可增進轉向操作性等之優點。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之前方斜視（立體）圖。 圖2係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之後方斜視圖。 - 28- 1237562 (25) 圖3係顯示本發明之小型電動車輔的實施形態基本結 構之側面圖。 圖4係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之平面圖。 圖5係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之正面圖。Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with various embodiments, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments, and can be modified in the scope of the present invention. For example, although the foregoing embodiment has described an example in which the left and right direction indicator switches and the horn buttons are arranged in the switch box 10, it is also possible to configure the left and right direction indicator switches 5 1 9 or the speakers as shown in FIG. 16 The button 5 20 is fixed to the bracket 515 of the steering handle 505. Therefore, it is not necessary to release the handle from the steering handle 5 05 to operate the left and right direction indicator switches 5 1 9 or the horn button 5 20. For another example, the tie rod arm 509 is divided into two along its center line so that the left and right sides can function separately, and a small electric vehicle such as a so-called electric chair can be rotated at the place. At this time, since the handle is continuously operated while maintaining rotation at the place, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for temporarily stopping the rotation at the place so that the left and right front wheels are formed in an "eight" shape. (Effects of the Invention) -27- (24) 1237562 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a small electric vehicle provided with a steering device that is superior in usability and controllability. That is, in such a small electric vehicle, the steering handle is supported at a position deviated from the axis on the steering shaft toward a single seat side, and the steering handle has sides that extend in an arc shape from the left and right ends of the linear rod portion. The square lever portion allows the occupant to grasp the side lever portion of the steering handlebar for a natural feeling to perform a handle operation. Since the steering handle is supported to be able to turn in the front-rear direction, it can be laid down or erected so that it can be adjusted to the desired angle in accordance with the physique of the occupant, which can further improve the operability. Also in such a small electric vehicle, a large maximum steering angle can be ensured and the steering angle can be shifted slightly in accordance with the Ackerman theory line. Therefore, even if the rotary motion is performed, the tire can be prevented from slipping sideways, so that excessive load is not given to the structure, and the tire wear can be effectively suppressed. When the arrangement relationship of the tie rod arm, the knuckle arm, and the steering tie rod is set appropriately and ideally, not only can the vehicle have maneuverability or stability, but also a wide floor can be ensured, so that the floor can be effectively used. Further, when the gear reduction ratio connecting the steering shaft and the tie rod arm is appropriately set, there are advantages such as improved steering operability and the like. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 is a front oblique (stereoscopic) view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a rear perspective view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. -28- 1237562 (25) Fig. 3 is a side view showing the basic structure of the small electric vehicle auxiliary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a plan view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a front view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖6係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態之車架 組及電池組的斜視圖。 圖7係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的車架 組周圍之側面圖。 圖8係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的車架 組周圍之平面圖。 圖9係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的前輪 支承機構周圍之斜視圖。Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a frame assembly and a battery pack of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a side view showing the periphery of a frame group of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the periphery of a frame group of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a front wheel support mechanism of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖1 0係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的單 一座位之轉動機構周圍的斜視圖。 圖1 1係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的轉 向把手周圍之斜視圖。 圖1 2係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的轉 向把手周圍之側面圖。 圖1 3係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的電 池組之斜視圖。 圖1 4係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的電 池組之分解斜視圖。 -29- 1237562 (26) 圖1 5係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的電 池組之側面圖。 圖1 6係顯示其他例之轉向把手周圍的斜視圖。 圖1 7係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的操 縱裝置周圍之斜視圖。 圖1 8係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的操 縱裝置周圍之平面圖。 圖1 9 A係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的轉 向軸和橫拉桿臂之聯結構造的平面圖，圖丨9 B爲剖面圖。 圖20係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的操 縱裝置周圍之平面圖。 圖2 1係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的阿 克曼理論線用之模式圖。 圖2 2係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的與 阿克曼理論線之對應關係圖。 【主要元件對照表】 1 :前輪 2 :後輪 3 :底板平板 3 a :插穿孔 4 :腳踏煞車 5 :主底（板部） 6 :前（面）底板部 -30> (27) (27)1237562 7 :主控制器 8 :充電裝置 9 :荷物容納裝置 9a :開口 1 0 :關關箱 1 1 :托架 1 2 :軟線捲軸箱 1 3 :主鑰 1 4 =荷物容納裝置 100 :車架組 101 :車體車架 1 0 2 :轉向架 103 :主車架 104 :後車架 105 :中央車架部 106 :前（面）車架部 107 :主車架構件 1 0 8〜1 1 0 :橋式跨接構 1 11 :搬運（用）把手 1 1 2 :搬運把手 1 1 3 :橋式跨接構件 1 14 :座（位）柱 1 1 5 :橋式跨接構件 2〇0 :前輪支承機構 (28) (28)1237562 201 :底座構件 202 :吊桿臂托架 2 〇 3 :吊桿臂 204 :關節 2 0 5 :車軸 206 :懸吊彈簧 2 0 7 :托架 208 :轉向節主銷 300 :後輪支承機構 3 0 1 :車軸 3 0 2 :托架 3 03 :減震器 304 :托架 4 0 0 :座位組 401 :座墊架 402 :靠背架 403 :座墊 404 :靠背 405 :臂靠 4 0 6 :底座托架 407 :座管 4 0 8 _管支撑 4 0 9 :軸承 4 1 0 :桿支撐 - 32- (29) 1237562 4 1 1 :旋轉軸 4 1 2 :桿部 4 1 3 :開□ 414 :爪片 4 1 4 a :孔 4 1 5 :止動板 4 1 6 :齒 5 00 :操縱（轉向）機構 5 〇 1 :轉向軸 5 02 :支撐器（夾持具） 5 0 3 :萬向接頭 5 0 4 :加速機構底板部 5 05 :轉向把手 5 05 L、 5 05 R :俏J方桿咅β 5 05 S :直線桿部Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a single seat turning mechanism according to an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a turning handle of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a side view showing the periphery of a turning handle of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. -29- 1237562 (26) Figure 15 is a side view of a battery pack showing a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a steering handle of another example. Fig. 17 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a steering device of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 18 is a plan view showing the periphery of a steering device of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 19A is a plan view showing a joint structure of a steering shaft and a tie rod arm of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention, and Fig. 9B is a sectional view. Fig. 20 is a plan view showing the periphery of a steering device of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an Ackerman theory line of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the embodiment of the small electric vehicle of the present invention and the Ackerman theory line. [Comparison table of main components] 1: Front wheel 2: Rear wheel 3: Floor plate 3 a: Insertion hole 4: Foot brake 5: Main bottom (plate portion) 6: Front (face) bottom plate portion -30 > (27) ( 27) 1237562 7: Main controller 8: Charging device 9: Load storage device 9a: Opening 1 0: Closed box 1 1: Bracket 1 2: Cord reel box 1 3: Master key 1 4 = Load storage device 100: Frame group 101: body frame 1 0 2: bogie 103: main frame 104: rear frame 105: center frame portion 106: front (front) frame portion 107: main frame component 1 0 8 ~ 1 1 0: Bridge type jumper 1 11: Handle (for use) 1 1 2: Handle handle 1 1 3: Bridge type jumper 1 14: Seat (position) column 1 1 5: Bridge type jumper 2 〇0: Front wheel support mechanism (28) (28) 1237562 201: Base member 202: Boom arm bracket 2 03: Boom arm 204: Joint 2 0 5: Axle 206: Suspension spring 2 0 7: Bracket 208: Steering knuckle pin 300: Rear wheel support mechanism 3 01: Axle 3 02: Bracket 3 03: Shock absorber 304: Bracket 4 0 0: Seat group 401: Seat cushion frame 402: Backrest frame 403: Seat cushion 404: backrest 405: armrest 4 0 6: base bracket 407: seat tube 4 0 8 _ Tube support 4 0 9: Bearing 4 1 0: Rod support-32- (29) 1237562 4 1 1: Rotary shaft 4 1 2: Rod part 4 1 3: Open □ 414: Claw piece 4 1 4 a: Hole 4 1 5: Stop plate 4 1 6: Tooth 5 00: Steering (steering) mechanism 5 〇1: Steering shaft 5 02: Bracket (grip) 5 0 3: Universal joint 5 0 4: Base plate portion 5 of the acceleration mechanism 05: Steering handle 5 05 L, 5 05 R: Pretty J square lever 咅 β 5 05 S: Linear lever
5 0 6 :加速桿 L 5 0 6 A、5 0 6 B :側邊部 507 :托架 5 0 8 :中間軸 5 09 :橫拉桿臂 5 1 0 :轉向節臂 5 1 1 :轉向橫拉桿 5 1 1 a、5 1 1 b :連桿端 5 1 2 :轉向把手支承部 -33> (30) 1237562 513 ： 513a 5 13b 5 14 ： 515 ： 516 ： 5 17 : 518 : 519 : 520 : 521 ： 522 ： 5 23 : 5 24 ： 5 25 ： 5 26 : 5 27 ： 600 : 601 ： 700 ： 701 : 701a 701b 701c 夾緊構件 :下側夾緊構件 :上側夾緊構件 螺桿 托架 夾持具 齒輪組 加速感測器 方向指示燈開關 喇叭按鈕 突面 突面 軸承 齒輪（平齒輪） 齒輪（平齒輪） 軸承 間隔件 動力組 (驅動）電動機 電池組 電池箱 :半月狀肋 :(凸緣狀之）安裝部 :插穿孔 -34- 1237562 (31) 7 Ο 1 d :夾持具 7 Ο 1 e :卡合部 7 Ο 1 f :插穿孔 7〇2 :二次電池 703 :電池控制器（基板） 704 :蓋 704a :爪片5 0 6: Accelerator L 5 0 6 A, 5 0 6 B: Side 507: Bracket 5 0 8: Intermediate shaft 5 09: Tie rod arm 5 1 0: Steering arm 5 1 1: Steering tie rod 5 1 1 a, 5 1 1 b: connecting rod end 5 1 2: steering handle support-33 > (30) 1237562 513: 513a 5 13b 5 14: 515: 516: 5 17: 518: 519: 520: 521 : 522: 5 23: 5 24: 5 25: 5 26: 5 27: 600: 601: 700: 701: 701a 701b 701c Clamping member: lower clamping member: upper clamping member screw bracket holder gear Group acceleration sensor direction indicator switch horn button convex surface convex gear (flat gear) gear (flat gear) bearing spacer power pack (drive) motor battery pack battery box: half-moon rib: (flange-shaped) Mounting section: Insertion hole-34- 1237562 (31) 7 Ο 1 d: Holder 7 Ο 1 e: Engagement section 7 〇 1 f: Insertion hole 702: Secondary battery 703: Battery controller (substrate) 704: cover 704a: claw
705 :下保護罩 705a、 705b :插穿孔705: lower protective cover 705a, 705b: insertion hole
-35--35-
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002051898A JP3956721B2 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Small electric vehicle |
| JP2002064164A JP4178818B2 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2002-03-08 | Small electric vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200303190A TW200303190A (en) | 2003-09-01 |
| TWI237562B true TWI237562B (en) | 2005-08-11 |
Family
ID=26625697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW92102896A TWI237562B (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-02-12 | Small electric vehicle |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2385838B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI237562B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2421228A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-21 | Wei Cheng Huang | Steering mechanism for a power cycle |
| JP4657079B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-03-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Electric small vehicle |
| GB2476100A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-15 | Sunpex Technology Co Ltd | Scooter |
| DE202010001374U1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2010-08-05 | Schlagheck Design Gmbh | Electric minicar |
| GB2478152A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-08-31 | Sunpex Technology Co Ltd | Mobility scooter control arrangement |
| NL2004317C2 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-05 | Sunpex Technology Co | Power lever for scooter. |
| CN103231764B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-06-17 | 重庆航天巴山摩托车制造有限公司 | Right three-wheel motorcycle frame |
| CN107472422A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-15 | 成都市新筑路桥机械股份有限公司 | A kind of new four-wheel electric motor car |
| CN107499364B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2023-07-04 | 余连彬 | Electric stair climbing machine |
| GB2590370B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2024-03-20 | D Fly Group Ltd | Motorised scooter |
| TWI794977B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-01 | 康揚股份有限公司 | The base structure of the electric wheelchair |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3060899B2 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 2000-07-10 | 富士写真光機株式会社 | Ultrasonic inspection equipment |
| JP2000189466A (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2000-07-11 | Atex Co Ltd | Angle modification device for operating handle of electric-motor car |
| JP4352361B2 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2009-10-28 | 泰昌 岡田 | Walking assist electric wheelchair |
| JP2001301633A (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-10-31 | Showa Corp | Fluid pressure type power steering device for vehicle |
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2003
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| GB2385838B (en) | 2004-04-07 |
| GB0302893D0 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| TW200303190A (en) | 2003-09-01 |
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