TW202348697A - Method for producing polarizing film - Google Patents
Method for producing polarizing film Download PDFInfo
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- TW202348697A TW202348697A TW112114379A TW112114379A TW202348697A TW 202348697 A TW202348697 A TW 202348697A TW 112114379 A TW112114379 A TW 112114379A TW 112114379 A TW112114379 A TW 112114379A TW 202348697 A TW202348697 A TW 202348697A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
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- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 66
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N Isosorbide Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004688 Altek® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium iodide Chemical compound I[Al](I)I CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[Ba+2] SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001638 barium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075444 barium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XQKKWWCELHKGKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O XQKKWWCELHKGKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940067460 calcium acetate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002497 iodine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- GROIHDHFSBIQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-[9-[[9-(3-oxo-3-phenoxypropyl)fluoren-9-yl]methyl]fluoren-9-yl]propanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)CCC1(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)CC1(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 GROIHDHFSBIQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)O KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) iodide Chemical compound I[Sn](I)(I)I QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明涉及一種偏光膜之製造方法。The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a polarizing film.
在作為代表性之影像顯示裝置的液晶顯示裝置中，由於其影像形成方式而於液晶單元的兩側配置有偏光膜。且，隨著薄型顯示器的普及，還提出了搭載有機電致發光(EL)之顯示器(OLED)、使用有利用量子點等無機發光材料的顯示面板之顯示器(QLED)。該等面板具有反射性高的金屬層，從而容易發生外光反射或倒映出背景等之問題。而已知藉由將具有偏光膜與λ/4板之圓偏光板設置於視辨側，來防止該等問題(例如專利文獻1及專利文獻2)。 先前技術文獻 專利文獻 In a liquid crystal display device, which is a typical image display device, polarizing films are arranged on both sides of a liquid crystal cell due to its image formation method. Furthermore, as thin displays become more popular, displays equipped with organic electroluminescence (EL) (OLED) and displays using display panels using inorganic light-emitting materials such as quantum dots (QLED) have also been proposed. These panels have highly reflective metal layers, which easily cause problems such as external light reflection or background reflection. It is known to prevent these problems by disposing a circularly polarizing plate having a polarizing film and a λ/4 plate on the viewing side (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). Prior technical literature patent documents
專利文獻1：日本專利特開2002-372622號公報 專利文獻2：日本專利第3325560號公報 Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-372622 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 3325560
發明欲解決之課題 如上述在影像顯示裝置搭載有偏光膜時，有偏光膜之外觀對影像顯示裝置之顯示特性造成影響之情形。例如，當於偏光膜產生有條痕時，有時也會在影像顯示裝置視辨到條痕。 The problem to be solved by the invention As mentioned above, when the image display device is equipped with a polarizing film, the appearance of the polarizing film may affect the display characteristics of the image display device. For example, when streaks occur on the polarizing film, the streaks may sometimes be visible on the image display device.
本發明是為了解決上述課題而成者，其主要目的在於提供一種外觀優異而可有助於提升影像顯示裝置之顯示特性的偏光膜。The present invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its main purpose is to provide a polarizing film that has excellent appearance and can help improve the display characteristics of an image display device.
用以解決課題之手段 1.本發明實施形態之偏光膜之製造方法包含：使含碘且水分率為15重量%以下之樹脂膜接觸第一液；其中前述第一液為硼酸及碘化物之水溶液，且前述第一液之溫度為60℃以上。 2.如上述1之製造方法中，欲接觸上述第一液之上述樹脂膜的單體透射率亦可為44%以上。 3.如上述1或2之製造方法中，上述第一液之硼酸濃度亦可為4重量%以上。 4.如上述1至3中任一項之製造方法中，上述第一液之碘化物濃度亦可為2重量%~10重量%。 5.如上述1至4中任一項之製造方法，亦可包含：使已接觸上述第一液後的上述樹脂膜接觸第二液。 6.如上述5之製造方法中，上述第二液亦可包含水。 7.如上述1至6中任一項之製造方法，其亦可獲得厚度為8µm以下之偏光膜。 means to solve problems 1. The manufacturing method of the polarizing film according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: contacting a resin film containing iodine and having a moisture content of 15% by weight or less with a first liquid; wherein the first liquid is an aqueous solution of boric acid and iodide, and the first liquid is an aqueous solution of boric acid and iodide. The temperature of the liquid is above 60℃. 2. In the manufacturing method of 1 above, the single transmittance of the resin film to be contacted with the first liquid may also be 44% or more. 3. In the manufacturing method of 1 or 2 above, the boric acid concentration of the first liquid may also be 4% by weight or more. 4. In the manufacturing method according to any one of 1 to 3 above, the iodide concentration of the first liquid may also be 2 to 10% by weight. 5. The manufacturing method according to any one of 1 to 4 above, may also include contacting the resin film that has been in contact with the first liquid with a second liquid. 6. In the manufacturing method of 5 above, the second liquid may also contain water. 7. According to any one of the manufacturing methods 1 to 6 above, a polarizing film with a thickness of 8µm or less can also be obtained.
發明效果 根據本發明，可獲得一種外觀優異之偏光膜。 Invention effect According to the present invention, a polarizing film with excellent appearance can be obtained.
以下說明本發明之實施形態，惟本發明不受該等實施形態所限。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
(用語及符號之定義) 本說明書中之用語及符號之定義如下。 (1)折射率(nx、ny、nz) 「nx」為面內折射率達最大之方向(亦即慢軸方向)的折射率，「ny」為在面內與慢軸正交之方向(亦即快軸方向)的折射率，而「nz」為厚度方向的折射率。 (2)面內相位差(Re) 「Re(λ)」係於23℃下以波長λnm之光測定之面內相位差。例如，「Re(550)」係於23℃下以波長550nm之光測定之面內相位差。Re(λ)可於令層(薄膜)之厚度為d(nm)時，藉由式：Re(λ)=(nx-ny)×d求得。 (3)厚度方向之相位差(Rth) 「Rth(λ)」係在23℃下以波長λnm之光測定之厚度方向之相位差。例如，「Rth(550)」係於23℃下以波長550nm之光測定之厚度方向之相位差。Rth(λ)可於令層(薄膜)厚度為d(nm)時，藉由式：Rth(λ)=(nx-nz)×d求得。 (4)Nz係數 Nz係數可藉由Nz=Rth/Re求得。 (5)角度 本說明書中提及角度時，該角度包含相對於基準方向往順時針方向及逆時針方向兩方向。因此，例如「45°」係指±45°。 (Definition of terms and symbols) The definitions of terms and symbols in this manual are as follows. (1)Refractive index (nx, ny, nz) "nx" is the refractive index in the direction where the in-plane refractive index reaches the maximum (that is, the slow axis direction), "ny" is the refractive index in the direction that is orthogonal to the slow axis in the plane (that is, the fast axis direction), and " nz" is the refractive index in the thickness direction. (2) In-plane phase difference (Re) "Re(λ)" is the in-plane phase difference measured with light of wavelength λnm at 23°C. For example, "Re(550)" is the in-plane phase difference measured using light with a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C. Re(λ) can be obtained by the formula: Re(λ)=(nx-ny)×d when the thickness of the layer (film) is d(nm). (3) Phase difference in thickness direction (Rth) "Rth(λ)" is the phase difference in the thickness direction measured with light of wavelength λnm at 23°C. For example, "Rth(550)" is the phase difference in the thickness direction measured at 23°C using light with a wavelength of 550 nm. Rth(λ) can be obtained by the formula: Rth(λ)=(nx-nz)×d when the layer (film) thickness is d(nm). (4)Nz coefficient The Nz coefficient can be obtained by Nz=Rth/Re. (5)Angle When an angle is mentioned in this specification, the angle includes both clockwise and counterclockwise directions relative to the reference direction. So, for example, "45°" means ±45°.
本發明一實施形態之偏光膜之製造方法包含第一步驟，該第一步驟係使含碘且具有預定水分率之樹脂膜接觸第一液；且可在第一步驟後進一步包含第二步驟，該第二步驟係使樹脂膜接觸第二液。A method for manufacturing a polarizing film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first step of contacting a resin film containing iodine and having a predetermined moisture content with a first liquid; and may further include a second step after the first step. This second step involves contacting the resin film with the second liquid.
A.樹脂膜之製作方法 上述樹脂膜可藉由例如下述方式獲得：於樹脂基材上形成樹脂層(代表上為聚乙烯醇系樹脂層)而獲得積層體或樹脂薄膜(代表上為聚乙烯醇系樹脂薄膜)，將上述積層體或樹脂薄膜進行延伸、及藉由二色性物質(代表上為碘)進行染色，然後乾燥。以下，舉使用積層體之情況為例來說明樹脂膜之製作方法的詳細內容。 A. How to make resin film The above-mentioned resin film can be obtained, for example, by forming a resin layer (typically a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer) on a resin base material to obtain a laminate or a resin film (typically a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film), The above-described laminate or resin film is stretched, dyed with a dichroic substance (typically iodine), and then dried. Hereinafter, the details of the manufacturing method of the resin film will be described taking the case of using a laminated body as an example.
A-1.積層體 圖1係顯示本發明一實施形態之積層體之概略構成的示意剖面圖。積層體1具有熱塑性樹脂基材(例如長條狀)2與聚乙烯醇(PVA)系樹脂層3。較佳的是，積層體1藉由下述方式來製作，即：於熱塑性樹脂基材2上形成含PVA系樹脂與鹵化物之PVA系樹脂層3來製作。具體而言，係於熱塑性樹脂基材2上塗佈含PVA系樹脂與鹵化物之塗佈液並乾燥，藉此形成PVA系樹脂層3。 A-1.Laminated body FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure of a laminated body according to an embodiment of the present invention. The laminated body 1 has a thermoplastic resin base material (for example, strip shape) 2 and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin layer 3. Preferably, the laminated body 1 is produced by forming a PVA-based resin layer 3 containing a PVA-based resin and a halide on a thermoplastic resin base material 2 . Specifically, a coating liquid containing a PVA-based resin and a halide is applied on the thermoplastic resin base material 2 and dried, thereby forming the PVA-based resin layer 3 .
上述熱塑性樹脂基材之厚度宜為20µm~300µm，較宜為50µm~200µm。若小於20μm，恐難以形成PVA系樹脂層。若大於300μm，則恐有下述情況之虞，例如，在後述水中延伸時，熱塑性樹脂基材需耗時吸水，並會對於延伸造成過大負荷。The thickness of the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 20µm~300µm, more preferably 50µm~200µm. If it is less than 20 μm, it may be difficult to form a PVA-based resin layer. If it is larger than 300 μm, there is a risk that, for example, when stretching in water as described later, the thermoplastic resin base material will take time to absorb water and may cause an excessive load on the stretching.
熱塑性樹脂基材之吸水率宜為0.2%以上，更宜為0.3%以上。這類熱塑性樹脂基材會吸水，而水可發揮塑化劑的作用進行可塑化。結果，可使延伸應力大幅降低而可高倍率地延伸。另一方面，熱塑性樹脂基材之吸水率宜為3.0%以下，較宜為1.0%以下。藉由所述吸水率，可防止製造時熱塑性樹脂基材的尺寸穩定性顯著降低而造成所得偏光膜之品質惡化等不良情況。並可防止在水中延伸時熱塑性樹脂基材斷裂、或PVA系樹脂層剝離之情況。熱塑性樹脂基材之吸水率可藉由例如將改質基導入構成材料來調整。此外，吸水率係依循JIS K 7209求得之值。The water absorption rate of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably above 0.2%, more preferably above 0.3%. This type of thermoplastic resin substrate absorbs water, which acts as a plasticizer to plasticize it. As a result, the tensile stress can be significantly reduced and high-rate stretching can be achieved. On the other hand, the water absorption rate of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 3.0% or less, more preferably 1.0% or less. The water absorption rate can prevent the dimensional stability of the thermoplastic resin base material from being significantly reduced during production, resulting in deterioration of the quality of the polarizing film obtained, and other disadvantages. It can also prevent the thermoplastic resin base material from breaking or the PVA resin layer from peeling off when extending in water. The water absorption rate of the thermoplastic resin base material can be adjusted by, for example, introducing a modifying group into the constituent materials. In addition, the water absorption rate is a value obtained in accordance with JIS K 7209.
熱塑性樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)宜為120℃以下。藉由使用所述熱塑性樹脂基材，可抑制PVA系樹脂層之結晶化，並充分確保積層體之延伸性。此外，考慮到利用水使熱塑性樹脂基材塑化與良好地進行水中延伸，Tg較宜為100℃以下，更宜為90℃以下。另一方面，熱塑性樹脂基材之Tg宜為60℃以上。藉由所述Tg，可防止在塗佈、乾燥上述塗佈液時，熱塑性樹脂基材變形(發生例如凹凸或垂塌、起皺等)等不良情況，從而良好地製作積層體。又，可在適宜的溫度(例如60℃左右)下良好地進行上述樹脂層的延伸。熱塑性樹脂基材之Tg可藉由例如使用可將改質基導入構成材料之結晶化材料進行加熱來調整。此外，玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)係依循JIS K 7121求得之值。The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 120°C or lower. By using the thermoplastic resin base material, crystallization of the PVA-based resin layer can be suppressed and the extensibility of the laminate can be sufficiently ensured. In addition, in consideration of plasticizing the thermoplastic resin base material with water and extending it well in water, Tg is preferably 100°C or lower, and more preferably 90°C or lower. On the other hand, the Tg of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 60°C or higher. The Tg can prevent defects such as deformation of the thermoplastic resin base material (such as unevenness, sagging, wrinkles, etc.) when the coating liquid is applied and dried, thereby enabling the laminate to be produced satisfactorily. In addition, the resin layer can be stretched favorably at a suitable temperature (for example, about 60° C.). The Tg of the thermoplastic resin base material can be adjusted, for example, by heating using a crystallized material that can introduce modifying groups into the constituent materials. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is a value calculated in accordance with JIS K 7121.
熱塑性樹脂基材之構成材料可採用任意適當的熱塑性樹脂。熱塑性樹脂可列舉例如：聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂等酯系樹脂、降𦯉烯系樹脂等環烯烴系樹脂、聚丙烯等烯烴系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、該等之共聚物樹脂。該等當中，宜為降𦯉烯系樹脂、非晶質之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂。Any appropriate thermoplastic resin can be used as the constituent material of the thermoplastic resin base material. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include ester-based resins such as polyethylene terephthalate-based resins, cycloolefin-based resins such as nordecene-based resins, olefin-based resins such as polypropylene, polyamide-based resins, and polycarbonate-based resins. , these copolymer resins. Among these, nordecene-based resin and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate-based resin are preferred.
在一實施形態中，宜使用非晶質之(未結晶化之)聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂。其中，尤宜使用非晶性之(難以結晶化之)聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂。非晶性之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂之具體例，可舉更包含間苯二甲酸及/或環己烷二羧酸作為二羧酸的共聚物、或是更包含環己烷二甲醇或二乙二醇作為甘醇的共聚物。In one embodiment, it is preferable to use amorphous (non-crystallized) polyethylene terephthalate resin. Among them, amorphous (difficult to crystallize) polyethylene terephthalate-based resin is particularly suitable. Specific examples of the amorphous polyethylene terephthalate resin include a copolymer further containing isophthalic acid and/or cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid as a dicarboxylic acid, or a copolymer further containing cyclohexane. Dimethanol or diethylene glycol as a copolymer of glycol.
在另一實施形態中，宜使用具有間苯二甲酸單元之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂。原因在於延伸性會極優異並可抑制延伸時之結晶化。此被認為是因為導入間苯二甲酸單元會賦予主鏈大幅的撓曲所致。聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂具有對苯二甲酸單元及乙二醇單元。相對於全部重複單元之合計，間苯二甲酸單元之含有比率宜為0.1莫耳%以上，較宜為1.0莫耳%以上。原因在於可獲得延伸性極優異的熱塑性樹脂基材。另一方面，相對於全部重複單元之合計，間苯二甲酸單元之含有比率宜為20莫耳%以下，較宜為10莫耳%以下。原因在於可在後述乾燥中良好地增加結晶化度。In another embodiment, it is preferable to use a polyethylene terephthalate resin having an isophthalic acid unit. The reason is that the elongation is extremely excellent and crystallization during elongation can be suppressed. This is thought to be because the introduction of isophthalic acid units imparts significant deflection to the main chain. Polyethylene terephthalate resin has a terephthalic acid unit and an ethylene glycol unit. The content ratio of the isophthalic acid unit relative to the total of all repeating units is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 1.0 mol% or more. The reason is that a thermoplastic resin base material with extremely excellent elongation can be obtained. On the other hand, the content ratio of the isophthalic acid unit relative to the total of all repeating units is preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less. The reason is that the degree of crystallization can be favorably increased during drying described below.
熱塑性樹脂基材亦可預先(例如在形成PVA系樹脂層前)業經延伸。在一實施形態中，係業經往長條狀熱塑性樹脂基材之橫向延伸。橫向宜為與後述之積層體的延伸方向正交之方向。此外，本說明書中所謂「正交」亦包含實質上正交之情形。此處，所謂「實質上正交」包含90°±5.0°之情況，宜為90°±3.0°，更宜為90°±1.0°。相對於熱塑性樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)，熱塑性樹脂基材之延伸溫度宜為Tg-10℃~Tg+50℃。熱塑性樹脂基材之延伸倍率宜為1.5倍~3.0倍。熱塑性樹脂基材之延伸方法可採用任意適當之方法。具體而言，可為固定端延伸，亦可為自由端延伸。延伸方式可為乾式，亦可為濕式。延伸可在一階段中進行，亦可分多階段進行。分多階段進行時，上述延伸倍率為各階段之延伸倍率之積。The thermoplastic resin base material may also be stretched in advance (for example, before forming the PVA-based resin layer). In one embodiment, they extend in the transverse direction of the elongated thermoplastic resin base material. The lateral direction is preferably a direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the laminate described below. In addition, the term "orthogonal" in this specification also includes the case of being substantially orthogonal. Here, the term "substantially orthogonal" includes the case of 90°±5.0°, and is preferably 90°±3.0°, more preferably 90°±1.0°. Relative to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin base material, the extension temperature of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably Tg-10℃~Tg+50℃. The elongation ratio of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 1.5 times to 3.0 times. The thermoplastic resin base material may be extended by any appropriate method. Specifically, it can be a fixed end extension or a free end extension. The extension method can be dry or wet. Extension can be carried out in one stage or in multiple stages. When it is carried out in multiple stages, the above-mentioned stretching ratio is the product of the stretching ratios in each stage.
上述塗佈液代表上為已使PVA系樹脂與鹵化物溶解於溶劑中之溶液。溶劑可列舉例如：水、二甲基亞碸、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、各種甘醇類、三羥甲丙烷等多元醇類、伸乙二胺、二伸乙三胺等胺類。該等可單獨使用或可組合二種以上來使用。該等之中又以水為佳。相對於溶劑100重量份，塗佈液中之PVA系樹脂的含量宜為3重量份~20重量份。根據所述範圍，可形成密著於熱塑性樹脂基材之均一的塗佈膜。塗佈液中之鹵化物含量相對於PVA系樹脂100重量份宜為5重量份~20重量份。The above-mentioned coating liquid is typically a solution in which a PVA-based resin and a halide are dissolved in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water, dimethylstyrene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, various glycols, polyols such as trimethylolpropane, and Amines such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more types. Of these, water is the best. The content of the PVA resin in the coating liquid is preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the solvent. According to the above range, a uniform coating film closely adhered to the thermoplastic resin base material can be formed. The halide content in the coating liquid is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin.
上述PVA系樹脂可舉例如聚乙烯醇、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。聚乙烯醇可藉由將聚乙酸乙烯酯皂化而得。乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物可藉由將乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物皂化而得。PVA系樹脂之皂化度通常為85莫耳%~100莫耳%，宜為95.0莫耳%~99.95莫耳%，較宜為99.0莫耳%~99.93莫耳%。藉由使用所述皂化度之PVA系樹脂，可獲得耐久性優異之偏光膜。皂化度過高時，有膠化之虞。此外，皂化度可依循JIS K 6726-1994求得。Examples of the PVA-based resin include polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. Polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer can be obtained by saponifying ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The saponification degree of PVA resin is usually 85 mol% to 100 mol%, preferably 95.0 mol% to 99.95 mol%, more preferably 99.0 mol% to 99.93 mol%. By using the PVA-based resin with the above saponification degree, a polarizing film with excellent durability can be obtained. When saponification is too high, there is a risk of gelation. In addition, the degree of saponification can be obtained in accordance with JIS K 6726-1994.
PVA系樹脂之平均聚合度通常為1000~10000，宜為1200~4500，較宜為1500~4300。此外，平均聚合度可依循JIS K 6726-1994求得。The average degree of polymerization of PVA resin is usually 1000~10000, preferably 1200~4500, more preferably 1500~4300. In addition, the average degree of polymerization can be obtained in accordance with JIS K 6726-1994.
上述鹵化物可採用任意適當之鹵化物。可舉例如碘化鉀、碘化鈉、碘化鋰等碘化物、氯化鈉等氯化物。該等之中又以碘化鉀為佳。藉由使用鹵化物，可獲得具有優異光學特性之偏光膜。具體而言，可促進後述空中輔助延伸後之PVA系樹脂的結晶化，並且在其後的濕式處理(例如後述之染色、水中延伸)中，可抑制聚乙烯醇分子之定向紊亂及定向性降低，而可獲得具有優異光學特性的偏光膜。Any appropriate halide may be used as the above-mentioned halide. Examples thereof include iodides such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, and lithium iodide, and chlorides such as sodium chloride. Among these, potassium iodide is preferred. By using halides, polarizing films with excellent optical properties can be obtained. Specifically, it can promote the crystallization of PVA-based resin after air-assisted stretching described later, and can suppress the orientation disorder and orientation of polyvinyl alcohol molecules in subsequent wet processes (such as dyeing and water stretching described later). decrease, and a polarizing film with excellent optical properties can be obtained.
在塗佈液之調製中，相對於PVA系樹脂100重量份，宜摻混鹵化物5重量份~20重量份，較宜為10重量份~15重量份。具體而言，相對於PVA系樹脂100重量份，所得PVA系樹脂層中之鹵化物的含量宜為5重量份~20重量份，較宜為10重量份~15重量份。若鹵化物相對於PVA系樹脂之量多，則會有例如鹵化物溢出而所得偏光膜變白濁之情形。In the preparation of the coating liquid, it is appropriate to blend 5 to 20 parts by weight of the halide based on 100 parts by weight of the PVA resin, and more preferably 10 to 15 parts by weight. Specifically, the halide content in the obtained PVA-based resin layer is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 15 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin. If the amount of halide is large relative to the PVA-based resin, for example, the halide may overflow and the resulting polarizing film may become white and turbid.
塗佈液中亦可摻混添加劑。添加劑可舉例如塑化劑、界面活性劑等。塑化劑可舉例如乙二醇或甘油等多元醇。界面活性劑可舉例如非離子界面活性劑。其等被使用在例如用以提升所得PVA系樹脂層的均一性或染色性、延伸性之目的上。Additives may also be blended into the coating liquid. Examples of additives include plasticizers, surfactants, and the like. Examples of plasticizers include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin. Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants. These are used, for example, for the purpose of improving the uniformity, dyeability, and extensibility of the PVA-based resin layer obtained.
上述塗佈液之塗佈方法可列舉例如輥塗法、旋塗法、線棒塗佈法、浸塗法、模塗法、簾塗法、噴塗法、刮刀塗佈(knife coat)法(缺角輪塗佈(comma coating)法等)。塗佈液之塗佈、乾燥溫度宜為50℃以上。Examples of the coating method of the coating liquid include roll coating, spin coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, die coating, curtain coating, spray coating, and knife coat. angle wheel coating (comma coating) method, etc.). The coating and drying temperature of the coating liquid should be above 50°C.
上述PVA系樹脂層之厚度宜為3µm~40µm，更宜為3µm~20µm。The thickness of the above-mentioned PVA resin layer is preferably 3µm~40µm, more preferably 3µm~20µm.
在形成PVA系樹脂層之前，可對熱塑性樹脂基材施行表面處理(例如電暈處理等)，也可於熱塑性樹脂基材上形成易接著層。藉由進行所述處理，可提升熱塑性樹脂基材與PVA系樹脂層之密著性。Before forming the PVA-based resin layer, the thermoplastic resin base material may be subjected to surface treatment (such as corona treatment, etc.), or an easy-adhesion layer may be formed on the thermoplastic resin base material. By performing the above-described treatment, the adhesion between the thermoplastic resin base material and the PVA-based resin layer can be improved.
A-2.延伸 上述延伸宜在將上述積層體進行乾式延伸(空中輔助延伸)後進行水中延伸來進行。藉由輔助延伸，可一邊抑制上述熱塑性樹脂基材之結晶化一邊延伸，並可解決在硼酸水中延伸中因熱塑性樹脂基材過度結晶化而造成延伸性降低之問題，進而可以更高倍率延伸積層體。又，使用熱塑性樹脂基材時，可將上述塗佈溫度設定得較低，因此可能會發生PVA系樹脂之結晶化相對變低而無法獲得充分光學特性的問題。對此，藉由導入輔助延伸，即便是在使用熱塑性樹脂之情況下仍可提升PVA系樹脂之結晶性。又，藉由事先提高PVA系樹脂之定向性，可防止在之後之濕式處理時PVA系樹脂之定向性降低或溶解等問題。依上述方式可獲得具有優異光學特性之偏光膜。 A-2.Extension The above stretching is preferably performed by dry stretching (auxiliary stretching in the air) and then stretching in water. By assisting stretching, the crystallization of the thermoplastic resin base material can be suppressed while stretching, and the problem of reduced elongation due to excessive crystallization of the thermoplastic resin base material during stretching in boric acid water can be solved, allowing the laminate to be stretched at a higher magnification. body. In addition, when a thermoplastic resin base material is used, the above-mentioned coating temperature can be set low, so the crystallization of the PVA-based resin becomes relatively low, and there may be a problem that sufficient optical properties cannot be obtained. In this regard, by introducing auxiliary stretching, the crystallinity of PVA-based resin can be improved even when thermoplastic resin is used. In addition, by improving the orientation of the PVA resin in advance, problems such as the decrease in orientation or dissolution of the PVA resin during subsequent wet processing can be prevented. In the above manner, a polarizing film with excellent optical properties can be obtained.
空中輔助延伸之方法可為固定端延伸(例如使用拉幅延伸機進行延伸之方法)，亦可為自由端延伸(例如使積層體通過不同周速的輥件間進行單軸延伸之方法)。宜採用自由端延伸。例如採用加熱輥延伸，該加熱輥延伸係一邊將上述積層體沿其長邊方向輸送，一邊藉由加熱輥間之周速差來延伸。在一實施形態中，空中輔助延伸包含熱空間(區域)中之區域延伸步驟與加熱輥延伸步驟。區域延伸步驟與加熱輥延伸步驟之順序無限定，但例如依序進行區域延伸步驟及加熱輥延伸步驟。在另一實施形態中，係於拉幅延伸機中把持薄膜端部並將拉幅機間之距離往行進方向擴大來延伸(拉幅機間距離的增幅即成為延伸倍率)。此時，寬度方向(相對於行進方向為垂直方向)之拉幅機的距離宜設定成相對於行進方向之延伸倍率來利用自由端延伸作接近。為自由端延伸時，寬度方向之收縮率係以式：寬度方向之收縮率=(1/延伸倍率) 1/2來計算。 The method of in-air auxiliary stretching can be fixed-end stretching (for example, stretching using a tenter stretching machine), or free-end stretching (for example, uniaxial stretching of the laminate through rollers with different peripheral speeds). Free end extension should be used. For example, heating roller stretching is used, and the above-mentioned laminate is stretched by a difference in circumferential speed between the heating rollers while conveying the laminate in its longitudinal direction. In one embodiment, the in-air auxiliary stretching includes a zone stretching step in a hot space (region) and a heating roller stretching step. The order of the area extending step and the heating roller extending step is not limited, but for example, the area extending step and the heating roller extending step are performed in sequence. In another embodiment, the ends of the film are held in a tenter stretcher and the distance between the tenters is expanded in the traveling direction (the increase in the distance between the tenters is the stretch magnification). At this time, the distance of the tenter in the width direction (perpendicular to the direction of travel) should be set to an extension magnification relative to the direction of travel to utilize the free end extension for approach. When the free end is extended, the shrinkage rate in the width direction is calculated by the formula: shrinkage rate in the width direction = (1/extension ratio) 1/2 .
空中輔助延伸之延伸倍率宜為2.0倍~3.5倍。空中輔助延伸可在一階段中進行，亦可分多階段進行。分多階段進行時，延伸倍率為各階段之延伸倍率之積。空中輔助延伸中之延伸方向宜與後述水中延伸之延伸方向大致相同。The extension ratio of auxiliary extension in the air should be 2.0 times to 3.5 times. Aerial assisted extension can be performed in one stage or in multiple stages. When it is carried out in multiple stages, the extension ratio is the product of the extension ratios of each stage. The extension direction in the auxiliary extension in the air should be roughly the same as the extension direction in the water extension described later.
空中輔助延伸之延伸溫度例如係因應所用之熱塑性樹脂基材、延伸方式等設定成任意適當之值。延伸溫度宜為熱塑性樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)以上，較宜為Tg+10℃以上，更宜為Tg+15℃以上。另一方面，延伸溫度的上限宜為170℃。藉由在所述溫度下延伸，可抑制PVA系樹脂之結晶化急速進展，而可抑制該結晶化所造成的不良情況(例如，因延伸而妨礙PVA系樹脂層之定向)。The stretching temperature of the in-air auxiliary stretching is set to any appropriate value according to the thermoplastic resin base material used, the stretching method, etc. The extension temperature is preferably above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin base material, preferably above Tg+10°C, more preferably above Tg+15°C. On the other hand, the upper limit of the extension temperature is preferably 170°C. By stretching at the above temperature, rapid progress of crystallization of the PVA-based resin can be suppressed, and problems caused by the crystallization (for example, obstruction of the orientation of the PVA-based resin layer due to stretching) can be suppressed.
上述水中延伸代表上係使積層體浸漬於延伸浴來進行。藉由水中延伸，可在比上述熱塑性樹脂基材或PVA系樹脂層之玻璃轉移溫度(代表上為80℃左右)更低的溫度下延伸，而可抑制PVA系樹脂層結晶化，同時高倍率地延伸。結果，可獲得具有優異光學特性之偏光膜。The above-mentioned underwater stretching is typically performed by immersing the laminate in a stretching bath. By stretching in water, it can be stretched at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin base material or PVA-based resin layer (typically about 80°C), thereby suppressing the crystallization of the PVA-based resin layer and achieving high magnification. extend. As a result, a polarizing film having excellent optical properties can be obtained.
水中延伸之方法可為固定端延伸，亦可為自由端延伸(例如使積層體通過周速相異之輥件間進行單軸延伸之方法)。宜採用自由端延伸。積層體之延伸可在一階段中進行，亦可分多階段進行。分多階段進行時，後述積層體之延伸倍率為各階段之延伸倍率之積。The method of stretching in water can be fixed-end stretching or free-end stretching (for example, a method of uniaxial stretching of the laminate through rollers with different peripheral speeds). Free end extension should be used. The extension of the laminated body can be carried out in one stage or in multiple stages. When the process is carried out in multiple stages, the stretch ratio of the laminate described below is the product of the stretch ratios of each stage.
水中延伸宜使積層體浸漬於硼酸水溶液中來進行(硼酸水中延伸)。藉由使用硼酸水溶液作為延伸浴，可對PVA系樹脂層賦予得以承受延伸時施加之張力的剛性與不溶於水的耐水性。具體上，硼酸在水溶液中會生成四羥基硼酸陰離子而可藉由氫鍵與PVA系樹脂交聯。結果，可賦予PVA系樹脂層剛性與耐水性，進行良好地延伸，而可獲得具有優異光學特性之偏光膜。The underwater stretching is preferably performed by immersing the laminate in a boric acid aqueous solution (boric acid underwater stretching). By using a boric acid aqueous solution as a stretching bath, the PVA-based resin layer can be provided with rigidity that can withstand the tension applied during stretching and water resistance that is insoluble in water. Specifically, boric acid will generate tetrahydroxyborate anions in aqueous solution and can cross-link with PVA-based resin through hydrogen bonds. As a result, the PVA-based resin layer can be provided with rigidity and water resistance, can be stretched well, and a polarizing film with excellent optical properties can be obtained.
上述硼酸水溶液宜使硼酸及/或硼酸鹽溶解於屬溶劑的水而得。硼酸濃度相對於水100重量份宜為1重量份~10重量份，較宜為2.5重量份~6重量份，更宜為3重量份~5重量份。藉由令硼酸濃度為1重量份以上，可有效抑制PVA系樹脂層溶解，製造更高特性之偏光膜。此外，除硼酸或硼酸鹽外，亦可使用將硼砂等之硼化合物、乙二醛、戊二醛等溶解於溶劑而得之水溶液。The above boric acid aqueous solution is preferably obtained by dissolving boric acid and/or borate in water which is a solvent. The boric acid concentration is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water, more preferably 2.5 to 6 parts by weight, and more preferably 3 to 5 parts by weight. By setting the boric acid concentration to 1 part by weight or more, the dissolution of the PVA-based resin layer can be effectively suppressed and a polarizing film with higher characteristics can be produced. In addition to boric acid or borate, an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving boron compounds such as borax, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, etc. in a solvent can also be used.
宜於上述延伸浴(硼酸水溶液)中摻混碘化物。藉由摻混碘化物，可抑制已吸附於PVA系樹脂層之碘溶出。碘化物可列舉例如：碘化鉀、碘化鋰、碘化鈉、碘化鋅、碘化鋁、碘化鉛、碘化銅、碘化鋇、碘化鈣、碘化錫、碘化鈦。碘化物之濃度相對於水100重量份宜為0.05重量份~15重量份，較宜為0.5重量份~8重量份。It is suitable to mix iodide into the above extension bath (boric acid aqueous solution). By blending iodide, the elution of iodine adsorbed on the PVA-based resin layer can be suppressed. Examples of the iodide include potassium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, zinc iodide, aluminum iodide, lead iodide, copper iodide, barium iodide, calcium iodide, tin iodide, and titanium iodide. The concentration of iodide is preferably 0.05 to 15 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight.
延伸溫度(延伸浴之液溫)宜為40℃以上，較宜為60℃以上。若為所述溫度，便可抑制PVA系樹脂層溶解，同時高倍率地延伸。具體而言如上述，以與形成PVA系樹脂層之關係來說，熱塑性樹脂基材之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)宜為60℃以上。此時，延伸溫度若低於40℃，則即使考慮以水將熱塑性樹脂基材塑化，也恐無法良好地延伸。另一方面，延伸溫度例如為70℃以下，宜為67℃以下，較宜為65℃以下。延伸溫度愈高溫，PVA系樹脂層之溶解性便愈高，而恐無法獲得優異的光學特性。積層體浸漬於延伸浴之浸漬時間宜為15秒~5分鐘。The extension temperature (liquid temperature of the extension bath) is preferably 40°C or above, more preferably 60°C or above. At this temperature, the PVA-based resin layer can be stretched at a high magnification while suppressing dissolution. Specifically, as mentioned above, in relation to the formation of the PVA-based resin layer, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin base material is preferably 60° C. or higher. At this time, if the stretching temperature is lower than 40° C., even if it is considered to plasticize the thermoplastic resin base material with water, it may not be able to be stretched satisfactorily. On the other hand, the stretching temperature is, for example, 70°C or lower, preferably 67°C or lower, more preferably 65°C or lower. The higher the extension temperature, the higher the solubility of the PVA-based resin layer, and excellent optical properties may not be obtained. The immersion time of the laminate in the extension bath is preferably 15 seconds to 5 minutes.
水中延伸進行之延伸倍率宜為1.5倍以上，較宜為3.0倍以上。積層體之總延伸倍率(組合空中輔助延伸與水中延伸之延伸倍率)相對於積層體原長宜為5.0倍以上，較宜為5.5倍以上，更宜為6.0倍以上。藉由達成所述高延伸倍率，可製造出光學特性極優異的偏光膜。所述高延伸倍率可藉由採用水中延伸方式(硼酸水中延伸)來達成。The extension ratio for stretching in water should be more than 1.5 times, more preferably more than 3.0 times. The total extension ratio of the laminated body (the extension ratio combining the auxiliary extension in the air and the extension in water) is preferably 5.0 times or more, more preferably 5.5 times or more, and more preferably 6.0 times or more relative to the original length of the laminated body. By achieving such a high stretching ratio, a polarizing film with extremely excellent optical properties can be produced. The high stretching ratio can be achieved by using a water stretching method (boric acid water stretching).
A-3.染色 上述染色代表上係藉由使碘吸附於PVA系樹脂層來進行。碘吸附方法可舉例如：使PVA系樹脂層(積層體)浸漬於含碘之染色液中的方法；將該染色液塗敷於PVA系樹脂層上的方法：及，將該染色液噴霧至PVA系樹脂層上的方法。宜為使積層體浸漬於染色液(染色浴)中的方法。因為可良好吸附碘之故。 A-3. Dyeing The above dyeing is typically performed by adsorbing iodine to the PVA-based resin layer. Examples of the iodine adsorption method include: a method of immersing the PVA-based resin layer (laminated body) in a dyeing liquid containing iodine; a method of applying the dyeing liquid on the PVA-based resin layer; and a method of spraying the dyeing liquid onto the PVA-based resin layer. Method on PVA-based resin layer. A method of immersing the laminated body in a dyeing liquid (dyeing bath) is preferred. Because it can adsorb iodine well.
上述染色液宜為碘水溶液。碘之摻混量相對於水100重量份宜為0.05重量份~0.5重量份。為了提高碘對水的溶解度，宜於碘水溶液中摻混碘化物。碘化物之具體例如上述。宜可使用碘化鉀。碘化物之摻混量相對於水100重量份宜為0.1重量份~10重量份，較宜為0.3重量份~5重量份。為了抑制PVA系樹脂溶解，染色液於染色時的液溫宜為20℃~50℃。使PVA系樹脂層浸漬於染色液時，為了確保PVA系樹脂層之透射率，浸漬時間宜為5秒~5分鐘，較宜為30秒~90秒。The above-mentioned dyeing solution is preferably an iodine aqueous solution. The blending amount of iodine is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. In order to improve the solubility of iodine in water, it is advisable to mix iodide into the iodine aqueous solution. Specific examples of the iodide are as described above. Potassium iodide should be used. The blending amount of iodide is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. In order to inhibit the dissolution of PVA-based resin, the liquid temperature of the dyeing solution during dyeing should be 20℃~50℃. When the PVA-based resin layer is immersed in the dyeing solution, in order to ensure the transmittance of the PVA-based resin layer, the immersion time is preferably 5 seconds to 5 minutes, more preferably 30 seconds to 90 seconds.
染色條件(濃度、液溫、浸漬時間)例如可設定成使所得樹脂膜之單體透射率為42%以上且偏光度成為85%以上。關於所述染色條件，例如作為染色液之碘水溶液中，宜將碘及碘化鉀之含量比設為1：5~1：20，較宜為1：5~1：10。The dyeing conditions (concentration, liquid temperature, immersion time) can be set, for example, so that the single transmittance of the resulting resin film is 42% or more and the polarization degree is 85% or more. Regarding the dyeing conditions, for example, in the iodine aqueous solution used as the dyeing liquid, the content ratio of iodine and potassium iodide is preferably 1:5 to 1:20, and more preferably 1:5 to 1:10.
在使積層體浸漬於含有硼酸之處理浴中的處理(例如後述不溶解處理)後接續進行染色時，硼酸會混入染色浴中造成染色浴之硼酸濃度變化，而有染色性不穩定之情形。為了抑制所述染色性的不穩定化，染色浴之硼酸濃度係相對於水100重量份宜調整成4重量份以下，較宜調整成2重量份以下。另一方面，染色浴之硼酸濃度相對於水100重量份宜為0.1重量份以上，較宜為0.2重量份以上，更宜為0.5重量份以上。在一實施形態中，係使用預先含硼酸之染色浴來染色。根據所述形態，可減低硼酸混入染色浴時硼酸濃度變化之比率。預先摻混於染色浴中的硼酸之摻混量(非來自於上述處理浴之硼酸的含量)，相對於水100重量份宜為0.1重量份~2重量份，較宜為0.5重量份~1.5重量份。When the laminate is immersed in a treatment bath containing boric acid (for example, the insolubilization treatment described below) and then dyed, boric acid may be mixed into the dyeing bath, causing the boric acid concentration in the dyeing bath to change, and the dyeability may become unstable. In order to suppress the instability of the dyeability, the boric acid concentration in the dyeing bath is preferably adjusted to 4 parts by weight or less, more preferably 2 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of water. On the other hand, the boric acid concentration in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more, and more preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of water. In one embodiment, a dyeing bath containing boric acid in advance is used for dyeing. According to this form, the rate of change in boric acid concentration when boric acid is mixed into the dyeing bath can be reduced. The amount of boric acid pre-mixed in the dyeing bath (the content of boric acid not derived from the above-mentioned treatment bath) is preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. parts by weight.
A-4.其他處理 視需要，在上述空中輔助延伸之後且在水中延伸及染色之前進行不溶解處理。不溶解處理代表上係使PVA系樹脂層浸漬於硼酸水溶液中來進行。藉由施行不溶解處理，可賦予PVA系樹脂層耐水性，防止浸漬於水中時PVA之定向降低。不溶解處理中之硼酸水溶液的濃度相對於水100重量份宜為1重量份~4重量份。不溶解處理之溫度(硼酸水溶液之液溫)宜為20℃~50℃。 A-4.Other processing If necessary, insolubilization treatment is performed after the above-mentioned auxiliary stretching in the air and before stretching in water and dyeing. The insolubilization treatment is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in a boric acid aqueous solution. By performing insolubilization treatment, the PVA-based resin layer can be given water resistance and prevent the PVA from being reduced in orientation when immersed in water. The concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution in the insolubilization treatment is preferably 1 to 4 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. The temperature for insolubilization treatment (liquid temperature of boric acid aqueous solution) is preferably 20℃~50℃.
視需要，在染色之後且在水中延伸之前進行交聯處理。交聯處理代表上係藉由使PVA系樹脂層浸漬於硼酸水溶液中來進行。藉由施行交聯處理，可賦予PVA系樹脂層耐水性，防止在之後的水中延伸中PVA之定向降低。交聯處理中之硼酸水溶液的濃度相對於水100重量份宜為1重量份~5重量份。宜於硼酸水溶液中摻混碘化物。藉由摻混碘化物，可抑制已吸附於PVA系樹脂層之碘溶出。碘化物之具體例如上述。碘化物之摻混量相對於水100重量份宜為1重量份~5重量份。交聯處理之溫度(硼酸水溶液之液溫)宜為20℃~50℃。If necessary, a cross-linking treatment is carried out after dyeing and before extension in water. The cross-linking treatment is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in a boric acid aqueous solution. By performing cross-linking treatment, the PVA-based resin layer can be given water resistance and prevent the PVA from being reduced in orientation during subsequent stretching in water. The concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution in the cross-linking treatment is preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. It is suitable to mix iodide into boric acid aqueous solution. By blending iodide, the elution of iodine adsorbed on the PVA-based resin layer can be suppressed. Specific examples of the iodide are as described above. The blending amount of iodide is preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. The temperature of the cross-linking treatment (the liquid temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution) is preferably 20°C to 50°C.
宜在水中延伸之後且在後述之乾燥之前進行洗淨。洗淨代表上係藉由使PVA系樹脂層浸漬於碘化鉀水溶液中來進行。It is advisable to wash after extending in water and before drying as described below. Cleaning is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in a potassium iodide aqueous solution.
A-5.乾燥 上述乾燥可在任意適當之方式及條件下進行。具體而言，可藉由將區域整體加熱(區域加熱方式)來進行，亦可藉由將輸送輥加熱(加熱輥方式)來進行。宜採用加熱輥方式，較宜採用該兩者。藉由使用加熱輥，可有效率地抑制積層體之加熱捲曲，製造出品質優異的偏光膜。具體而言，藉由在使積層體巡經加熱輥之狀態下進行乾燥，可有效率地促進上述熱塑性樹脂基材之結晶化而增加結晶度，即使是在相對較低的乾燥溫度下，仍可良好地增加熱塑性樹脂基材之結晶度。結果，熱塑性樹脂基材之剛性會增加而成為得以承受PVA系樹脂層因乾燥所致之收縮的狀態，從而抑制捲曲。又，藉由使用加熱輥，可將積層體維持平坦狀態，同時進行乾燥，因此不僅可抑制捲曲，還可抑制起皺發生。 A-5. Drying The above-mentioned drying can be carried out in any appropriate manner and conditions. Specifically, it can be performed by heating the entire area (area heating method), or by heating a transport roller (heating roller method). It is better to use the heating roller method, and it is more suitable to use the two. By using a heating roller, the heating curl of the laminate can be effectively suppressed and a polarizing film of excellent quality can be produced. Specifically, by drying the laminated body while passing through a heated roller, the crystallization of the thermoplastic resin base material can be effectively promoted to increase the crystallinity, even at a relatively low drying temperature. It can effectively increase the crystallinity of thermoplastic resin base materials. As a result, the rigidity of the thermoplastic resin base material increases and becomes a state capable of withstanding shrinkage of the PVA-based resin layer due to drying, thereby suppressing curling. In addition, by using a heating roller, the laminated body can be dried while maintaining a flat state. Therefore, not only curling but also wrinkles can be suppressed.
藉由乾燥，可使積層體於寬度方向收縮，而提升光學特性。其係因可有效提升PVA及PVA/碘錯合物之定向性之故。積層體進行乾燥所致之寬度方向之收縮率宜為1%~10%，較宜為2%~8%，更宜為4%~6%。藉由使用加熱輥，可一邊輸送積層體一邊使其連續於寬度方向收縮，而可實現高生產性。By drying, the laminate can be shrunk in the width direction, thereby improving the optical properties. This is because it can effectively improve the orientation of PVA and PVA/iodine complexes. The shrinkage rate in the width direction of the laminated body due to drying is preferably 1% to 10%, more preferably 2% to 8%, and more preferably 4% to 6%. By using a heated roller, the laminated body can be continuously shrunk in the width direction while being conveyed, thereby achieving high productivity.
圖2係顯示使用加熱輥之乾燥之一例的概略圖。在圖式例中，係利用已加熱至預定溫度的輸送輥R1~R6與導輥G1~G4，一邊輸送積層體200一邊使其乾燥。在圖式例中，係將輸送輥R1~R6配置成可交替連續加熱PVA樹脂層之面與熱塑性樹脂基材之面，但例如亦可將輸送輥R1~R6配置成僅連續加熱積層體200其中一面(例如熱塑性樹脂基材面)。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of drying using a heated roller. In the illustrated example, the laminated body 200 is dried while being conveyed using the conveyance rollers R1 to R6 and the guide rollers G1 to G4 heated to a predetermined temperature. In the illustrated example, the conveying rollers R1 to R6 are arranged to alternately and continuously heat the surface of the PVA resin layer and the thermoplastic resin base material. However, for example, the conveying rollers R1 to R6 may also be arranged to continuously heat only the laminated body 200 One side (such as the thermoplastic resin substrate side).
藉由調整輸送輥之加熱溫度(加熱輥之溫度)、加熱輥之數量及與加熱輥的接觸時間等，可控制乾燥條件。加熱輥之溫度宜為60℃~120℃，較宜為65℃~100℃，更宜為70℃~80℃。根據所述溫度，可增加熱塑性樹脂之結晶度而抑制捲曲，並可賦予積層體極優異之耐久性。此外，加熱輥之溫度可利用接觸式溫度計測定。在圖式例中設置有6個輸送輥，惟輸送輥若為複數個則無特別限制。輸送輥通常係設置2個~40個，宜設置4個~30個。積層體與加熱輥之接觸時間(總接觸時間)宜為1秒~300秒，較宜為1~20秒，更宜為1~10秒。Drying conditions can be controlled by adjusting the heating temperature of the conveyor roller (temperature of the heating roller), the number of heating rollers, and the contact time with the heating roller. The temperature of the heating roller is preferably 60°C~120°C, more preferably 65°C~100°C, and more preferably 70°C~80°C. Depending on the temperature, the crystallinity of the thermoplastic resin can be increased and curling can be suppressed, and extremely excellent durability can be imparted to the laminate. In addition, the temperature of the heating roller can be measured using a contact thermometer. In the example of the drawing, six conveying rollers are provided, but there are no particular restrictions on the number of conveying rollers. There are usually 2 to 40 conveying rollers, and 4 to 30 should be installed. The contact time (total contact time) between the laminated body and the heating roller is preferably 1 to 300 seconds, more preferably 1 to 20 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 10 seconds.
加熱輥可設置於加熱爐(例如烘箱)內，亦可設置於一般的製造產線(室溫環境下)。宜設置於具備送風機構的加熱爐內。藉由併用利用加熱輥進行之乾燥與熱風乾燥，可抑制在加熱輥間急遽的溫度變化，而可容易控制寬度方向之收縮。熱風乾燥之溫度宜為30℃~100℃。又，熱風乾燥時間宜為1秒~300秒。熱風之風速宜為10m/秒~30m/秒左右。此外，該風速係在加熱爐內之風速，可利用迷你扇葉型數位風速計測定。The heating roller can be installed in a heating furnace (such as an oven) or in a general manufacturing production line (at room temperature). It should be installed in a heating furnace with an air supply mechanism. By combining drying with heated rollers and hot air drying, rapid temperature changes between the heated rollers can be suppressed, and shrinkage in the width direction can be easily controlled. The temperature of hot air drying should be 30℃~100℃. In addition, the hot air drying time should be 1 second to 300 seconds. The wind speed of hot air should be about 10m/s~30m/s. In addition, the wind speed is the wind speed in the heating furnace, which can be measured using a mini fan blade type digital anemometer.
A-6.樹脂膜 供於後述第一步驟之樹脂膜的水分率例如為15重量%以下，宜為12重量%以下，較宜為9重量%以下，更宜為6重量%以下。另一方面，樹脂膜之水分率例如為3重量%以上。經上述乾燥後之樹脂膜可滿足所述水分率。 A-6. Resin film The moisture content of the resin film used in the first step described below is, for example, 15% by weight or less, preferably 12% by weight or less, more preferably 9% by weight or less, and more preferably 6% by weight or less. On the other hand, the moisture content of the resin film is, for example, 3% by weight or more. The resin film after the above drying can satisfy the above moisture content.
供於後述第一步驟之樹脂膜宜在波長380nm~780nm之任一波長下顯示吸收二色性。樹脂膜之單體透射率(Ts)例如為42%以上，宜為44%以上。透射率愈高，愈傾向容易視辨到條痕。另一方面，樹脂膜之單體透射率(Ts)例如為49%以下。The resin film used in the first step described below should preferably exhibit absorption dichroism at any wavelength from 380 nm to 780 nm. The single transmittance (Ts) of the resin film is, for example, 42% or more, preferably 44% or more. The higher the transmittance, the easier it is to see streaks. On the other hand, the single transmittance (Ts) of the resin film is, for example, 49% or less.
供於後述第一步驟之樹脂膜的偏光度(P)例如為85%以上，宜為90%以上，較宜為95%以上，更宜為98%以上。另一方面，樹脂膜之偏光膜的偏光度例如為99.996%以下。The degree of polarization (P) of the resin film used in the first step described below is, for example, 85% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and more preferably 98% or more. On the other hand, the polarization degree of the polarizing film of the resin film is, for example, 99.996% or less.
上述單體透射率代表上係使用紫外可見光分光光度計測定並進行視感度校正後之Y值。上述偏光度代表上係基於使用紫外可見光分光光度計測定並進行視感度校正後之平行透射率Tp及正交透射率Tc，藉由下述式求得。 偏光度(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)} 1/2×100 The above-mentioned monomer transmittance represents the Y value measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and corrected for visual sensitivity. The above representative degree of polarization is based on the parallel transmittance Tp and the orthogonal transmittance Tc measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and corrected for visual sensitivity, and is calculated by the following formula. Polarization degree (%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)} 1/2 ×100
供於後述第一步驟之樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)例如為0.20以上，宜為0.25以上，較宜為0.30以上。另一方面，樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)例如為0.40以下。The orientation of the resin film used in the first step described below (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.20 or more, preferably 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.30 or more. On the other hand, the orientation of the resin film (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.40 or less.
上述定向性例如可藉由以下方式獲得：使用傅立葉轉換紅外分光分析裝置(例如PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.製之型號「Frontier FT-IR」)，以ATR法測定樹脂膜(偏光膜)之光譜，從所得光譜結果算出PVA之定向性。具體而言，對樹脂膜(偏光膜)，針對偏光入射0°及90°測定光譜，算出源自-OH之2940cm -1及3300cm -1之波峰強度比a(I 2940/I 3330)。然後，算出強度比a(在入射角0°時)與強度比a(在入射角90°時)的比b(a 0°/a 90°)作為二色比，並算出c=(1-b)/[(2b+1)×(-2)]作為定向性之指標，可藉由以上方式來獲得。在此，c之值愈高，可謂PVA之定向性愈高。 The above-mentioned directivity can be obtained, for example, by using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis device (such as the model "Frontier FT-IR" manufactured by PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.) and measuring the spectrum of the resin film (polarizing film) by the ATR method. The directionality of PVA was calculated from the obtained spectral results. Specifically, for the resin film (polarizing film), the spectra were measured for polarized light incident at 0° and 90°, and the peak intensity ratio a (I 2940 /I 3330 ) derived from -OH at 2940 cm -1 and 3300 cm -1 was calculated. Then, the ratio b (a 0° /a 90°) of the intensity ratio a (at the incident angle of 0°) to the intensity ratio a (at the incident angle of 90° ) is calculated as the dichromatic ratio, and c=(1- b)/[(2b+1)×(-2)] as an indicator of directionality can be obtained by the above method. Here, the higher the value of c, the higher the directionality of PVA.
供於後述第一步驟之樹脂膜之厚度例如為12µm以下，宜為8µm以下，亦可為6µm以下。根據後述第一步驟，可有效使所述厚度之樹脂膜的條痕消失。另一方面，樹脂膜之厚度宜為1µm以上，較宜為2µm以上。The thickness of the resin film used in the first step described below is, for example, 12 µm or less, preferably 8 µm or less, and may also be 6 µm or less. According to the first step described below, the streaks of the resin film having the thickness can be effectively eliminated. On the other hand, the thickness of the resin film is preferably 1µm or more, more preferably 2µm or more.
B-1.第一步驟 如上述，在第一步驟中係使上述樹脂膜接觸第一液。宜使樹脂膜浸漬於第一液中。使樹脂膜浸漬於第一液時，樹脂膜之單側亦可業經任意適當之支持基材支持(保護)。在一實施形態中，支持基材係使用上述樹脂基材。具體而言，係不使樹脂基材從樹脂膜剝離(在上述積層體之狀態下)來使樹脂膜浸漬於第一液中。在另一實施形態中，支持基材係使用後述保護層。舉例而言，於上述積層體之樹脂膜表面積層保護層後，從樹脂膜剝離樹脂基材而製作出保護層與樹脂膜之積層物，並將該積層物浸漬於第一液中。使浸漬於第一液時，樹脂膜可為長條狀，亦可為單片狀。 B-1. The first step As described above, in the first step, the resin film is brought into contact with the first liquid. It is preferable to immerse the resin film in the first liquid. When the resin film is immersed in the first liquid, one side of the resin film can also be supported (protected) by any appropriate supporting base material. In one embodiment, the above-described resin base material is used as the supporting base material. Specifically, the resin film is immersed in the first liquid without peeling the resin base material from the resin film (in the state of the above-mentioned laminated body). In another embodiment, a protective layer described below is used as the supporting base material. For example, a protective layer is deposited on the surface of the resin film of the above-described laminate, the resin base material is peeled off from the resin film to prepare a laminate of the protective layer and the resin film, and the laminate is immersed in the first liquid. When immersed in the first liquid, the resin film may be in a strip shape or in a single sheet shape.
藉由使接觸第一液，可獲得外觀優異的偏光膜。具體而言，藉由使接觸第一液，樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)會降低，而原本樹脂膜中所含之成分(例如硼酸離子、碘離子)會進出樹脂膜，而可使產生於樹脂膜的條痕消失。樹脂膜在接觸第一液前後之定向性(PVA之定向性)的差例如為0.05~0.2。樹脂膜接觸第一液後之定向性(PVA之定向性)例如為0.10~0.30。By bringing the first liquid into contact, a polarizing film with excellent appearance can be obtained. Specifically, by contacting the first liquid, the orientation of the resin film (the orientation of PVA) will be reduced, and the components originally contained in the resin film (such as borate ions and iodide ions) will enter and exit the resin film, thereby making it possible to Make the streaks caused by the resin film disappear. The difference in the orientation of the resin film before and after contact with the first liquid (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.05 to 0.2. The orientation of the resin film after contact with the first liquid (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.10~0.30.
藉由使接觸第一液，樹脂膜之單體透射率(Ts)會上升。樹脂膜在接觸第一液前後之單體透射率(Ts)的差宜為1.5%以上，較宜為3%以上，可為5%以上，亦可為7%以上。另一方面，樹脂膜在接觸第一液前後之單體透射率(Ts)的差宜為10%以下。樹脂膜接觸第一液後之單體透射率(Ts)例如為45%以上，宜為47%以上。另一方面，樹脂膜接觸第一液後之單體透射率(Ts)宜為55%以下。By contacting the first liquid, the single transmittance (Ts) of the resin film increases. The difference in monomer transmittance (Ts) of the resin film before and after contact with the first liquid is preferably more than 1.5%, more preferably more than 3%, may be more than 5%, or may be more than 7%. On the other hand, the difference in the monomer transmittance (Ts) of the resin film before and after contact with the first liquid is preferably 10% or less. The monomer transmittance (Ts) of the resin film after contacting the first liquid is, for example, 45% or more, preferably 47% or more. On the other hand, the monomer transmittance (Ts) of the resin film after contact with the first liquid is preferably 55% or less.
藉由與第一液接觸，樹脂膜的偏光度(P)會降低。樹脂膜在接觸第一液前後的偏光度(P)例如為10%~20%。樹脂膜接觸第一液後的偏光度(P)例如為65%~97%。By contacting the first liquid, the degree of polarization (P) of the resin film decreases. The degree of polarization (P) of the resin film before and after contact with the first liquid is, for example, 10% to 20%. The degree of polarization (P) of the resin film after contact with the first liquid is, for example, 65% to 97%.
第一液接觸樹脂膜時之溫度例如為60℃以上，可為65℃以上，可為70℃以上，亦可為75℃以上。藉由使用所述溫度之第一液，例如可使上述樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)降低。另一方面，第一液之溫度例如為90℃以下，宜為85℃以下。The temperature when the first liquid contacts the resin film is, for example, 60°C or higher, may be 65°C or higher, may be 70°C or higher, or may be 75°C or higher. By using the first liquid at the above-mentioned temperature, for example, the orientation of the resin film (the orientation of PVA) can be reduced. On the other hand, the temperature of the first liquid is, for example, 90°C or lower, preferably 85°C or lower.
浸漬於第一液的浸漬時間(接觸時間)例如可視上述第一液之溫度、樹脂膜之厚度、第一液中所含之成分的濃度等來設定。浸漬於第一液的浸漬時間例如為1分鐘~60分鐘，宜為2分鐘~30分鐘。The immersion time (contact time) in the first liquid can be set depending on, for example, the temperature of the first liquid, the thickness of the resin film, the concentration of components contained in the first liquid, and the like. The immersion time in the first liquid is, for example, 1 minute to 60 minutes, preferably 2 minutes to 30 minutes.
第一液宜使用硼酸水溶液。藉由使用硼酸水溶液，可良好地降低樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)。例如，即使提高第一液之溫度(例如設成60℃以上)，仍可不使樹脂膜溶解於第一液中而使PVA之定向性降低(使PVA鏈鬆弛)，藉由硼酸離子之進出使PVA再交聯來使其均一化。硼酸水溶液之濃度宜為4重量%以上，亦可為4重量%以上。另一方面，由硼酸之溶解度之觀點來看，硼酸水溶液之濃度例如為7重量%以下。The first solution should be boric acid aqueous solution. By using a boric acid aqueous solution, the orientation of the resin film (the orientation of PVA) can be reduced favorably. For example, even if the temperature of the first liquid is raised (for example, to 60° C. or higher), the resin film can still be dissolved in the first liquid and the orientation of PVA can be reduced (the PVA chain can be relaxed). The PVA is then cross-linked to homogenize it. The concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution is preferably 4% by weight or more, and may be 4% by weight or more. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the solubility of boric acid, the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution is, for example, 7% by weight or less.
第一液宜包含碘化鉀等碘化物。藉由包含碘化合物，可促進原本樹脂膜中所含之成分的進出。第一液中之碘化物之濃度宜為2重量%以上。另一方面，第一液中之碘化物的濃度宜為10重量%以下。根據所述濃度，還可藉由原本樹脂膜中所含之成分進出，來防止優先對樹脂膜染色。The first liquid preferably contains iodide such as potassium iodide. By including an iodine compound, the ingress and egress of components originally contained in the resin film can be promoted. The concentration of iodide in the first liquid is preferably 2% by weight or more. On the other hand, the concentration of iodide in the first liquid is preferably 10% by weight or less. Depending on the concentration, components originally contained in the resin film can also be passed in and out, thereby preventing preferential staining of the resin film.
B-2.第二步驟 如上述，在第二步驟中係使上述樹脂膜接觸第二液。代表上，係使樹脂膜浸漬於第二液中。與上述第一步驟同樣地使樹脂膜浸漬於第二液時，樹脂膜之單側宜業經任意適當之支持基材支持(保護)。其詳細內容如上述。藉由使其接觸第二液，可洗淨樹脂膜(例如硼酸洗淨)。且，藉由使接觸第二液，可調整所得偏光膜的色相。 B-2. The second step As described above, in the second step, the resin film is brought into contact with the second liquid. Typically, the resin film is immersed in the second liquid. When the resin film is immersed in the second liquid in the same manner as the first step above, one side of the resin film should be supported (protected) by any appropriate supporting base material. The details are as above. By contacting the resin film with the second liquid, the resin film can be cleaned (for example, boric acid cleaning). Furthermore, by bringing it into contact with the second liquid, the hue of the obtained polarizing film can be adjusted.
藉由使接觸第二液，樹脂膜之單體透射率(Ts)會降低。在一實施形態中，係因應所得偏光膜所期望之光學特性(例如單體透射率、偏光度)來調整利用第二液之處理條件。樹脂膜在接觸第二液前後之單體透射率(Ts)的差例如為0.1%~10%。此外，樹脂膜在接觸第二液後之單體透射率(Ts)相當於後述偏光膜之單體透射率(Ts)。By contacting the second liquid, the single transmittance (Ts) of the resin film decreases. In one embodiment, the treatment conditions using the second liquid are adjusted according to the desired optical properties (such as single transmittance, polarization degree) of the obtained polarizing film. The difference in monomer transmittance (Ts) of the resin film before and after contact with the second liquid is, for example, 0.1% to 10%. In addition, the single transmittance (Ts) of the resin film after contact with the second liquid is equivalent to the single transmittance (Ts) of the polarizing film described below.
藉由接觸第二液，樹脂膜的偏光度(P)會上升。樹脂膜在接觸第二液前後的偏光度(P)例如為0.1%~20%。此外，樹脂膜接觸第二液後的偏光度(P)相當於後述偏光膜的偏光度(P)。By contacting the second liquid, the polarization degree (P) of the resin film increases. The degree of polarization (P) of the resin film before and after contact with the second liquid is, for example, 0.1% to 20%. In addition, the degree of polarization (P) of the resin film after contact with the second liquid is equivalent to the degree of polarization (P) of the polarizing film described below.
藉由與第二液接觸，樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)會上升。樹脂膜在接觸第二液前後之定向性(PVA之定向性)的差例如為0.01~0.10。樹脂膜接觸第二液後之定向性(PVA之定向性)例如為0.15~0.35。By contacting the second liquid, the orientation of the resin film (the orientation of PVA) increases. The difference in the orientation of the resin film before and after contact with the second liquid (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.01 to 0.10. The orientation of the resin film after contact with the second liquid (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.15~0.35.
第二液接觸樹脂膜時之溫度代表上係設定成常溫。例如為15℃~40℃。浸漬於第二液的浸漬時間(接觸時間)例如為1秒~1分鐘。The temperature when the second liquid contacts the resin film is typically set to normal temperature. For example, 15℃~40℃. The immersion time (contact time) in the second liquid is, for example, 1 second to 1 minute.
第二液代表上包含水性溶劑(宜為水)。第二液亦可包含有碘化鉀等碘化物。藉由包含碘化物，可抑制所得偏光膜帶藍色。碘化物第二液中之碘化物的濃度例如為2重量%~10重量%。The second liquid typically contains an aqueous solvent (preferably water). The second liquid may also contain iodides such as potassium iodide. By containing iodide, the obtained polarizing film can be suppressed from being bluish. The concentration of iodide in the second iodide liquid is, for example, 2% by weight to 10% by weight.
B-3.其他步驟 歷經上述第二步驟後之樹脂膜(偏光膜)可乾燥。乾燥溫度例如為30℃~60℃。乾燥時間例如為15秒~3分鐘。 B-3.Other steps The resin film (polarizing film) after the above second step can be dried. The drying temperature is, for example, 30°C to 60°C. The drying time is, for example, 15 seconds to 3 minutes.
C.偏光膜 藉由本發明實施形態之製造方法獲得之偏光膜在波長380nm~780nm之任一波長下會顯示吸收二色性。偏光膜之單體透射率(Ts)宜為42%以上，可為44%以上，亦可為46%以上。根據所述透射率，可有助於削減所搭載之影像顯示裝置的消耗電力。根據本發明實施形態之製造方法，可獲得兼具高透射率與優異外觀的偏光膜。另一方面，偏光膜之單體透射率(Ts)例如為55%以下，可為50%以下，亦可為48%以下。 C.Polarizing film The polarizing film obtained by the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention shows absorption dichroism at any wavelength from 380 nm to 780 nm. The single transmittance (Ts) of the polarizing film is preferably above 42%, may be above 44%, or may be above 46%. The transmittance can help reduce the power consumption of the mounted image display device. According to the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention, a polarizing film having both high transmittance and excellent appearance can be obtained. On the other hand, the single transmittance (Ts) of the polarizing film is, for example, 55% or less, 50% or less, or 48% or less.
偏光膜的偏光度(P)例如為70%以上，宜為75%以上，較宜為85%以上。另一方面，偏光膜的偏光度例如為98%以下。The degree of polarization (P) of the polarizing film is, for example, 70% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 85% or more. On the other hand, the polarization degree of the polarizing film is, for example, 98% or less.
偏光膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)宜為0.20以上，更宜為0.25以上。另一方面，樹脂膜之定向性(PVA之定向性)例如為0.35以下。The orientation of the polarizing film (the orientation of PVA) is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more. On the other hand, the orientation of the resin film (the orientation of PVA) is, for example, 0.35 or less.
偏光膜之厚度例如為12µm以下，宜為8µm以下，亦可為6µm以下。另一方面，偏光膜之厚度宜為1µm以上，較宜為2µm以上。The thickness of the polarizing film is, for example, 12µm or less, preferably 8µm or less, or 6µm or less. On the other hand, the thickness of the polarizing film is preferably 1µm or more, more preferably 2µm or more.
D.偏光板 本發明一實施形態之偏光板具有上述偏光膜、與配置於該偏光膜之至少單側的保護層或相位差層。 D.Polarizing plate A polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention has the above-mentioned polarizing film, and a protective layer or a retardation layer arranged on at least one side of the polarizing film.
圖3係顯示本發明一實施形態之偏光板之概略構成的示意剖面圖。偏光板(附相位差層之偏光板)100具有：偏光膜10，其具有相互對向之第一主面10a及第二主面10b；保護層20，係配置於偏光膜10之第一主面10a側(例如視辨側)；以及，相位差層30及黏著劑層40，係配置於偏光膜10之第二主面10b側。相位差層30可為單一層，亦可具有積層有二層以上之積層結構。又，亦可於偏光膜10與相位差層30之間配置有第二保護層。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure of a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. The polarizing plate (polarizing plate with a phase difference layer) 100 has: a polarizing film 10 having a first main surface 10a and a second main surface 10b facing each other; a protective layer 20 disposed on the first main surface of the polarizing film 10 The surface 10a side (for example, the viewing side); and the retardation layer 30 and the adhesive layer 40 are arranged on the second main surface 10b side of the polarizing film 10. The phase difference layer 30 may be a single layer, or may have a multilayer structure in which two or more layers are laminated. In addition, a second protective layer may be disposed between the polarizing film 10 and the retardation layer 30 .
雖未圖示，但偏光板亦可更具有其他機能層。偏光板可具有之機能層的種類、特性、數量、組合、配置等可按目的適當設定。例如偏光板亦可更具有導電層或附導電層之各向同性基材。具有導電層或附導電層之各向同性基材的偏光板(附相位差層之偏光板)例如係應用於在影像顯示面板內部組入有觸控感測器之所謂內觸控面板型輸入顯示裝置。另一例，偏光板亦可更具有其他相位差層。其他相位差層之光學特性(例如折射率特性、面內相位差、Nz係數、光彈性係數)、厚度、配置等可按目的適當設定。舉具體例來說，亦可於偏光膜10之視辨側設有用以改善透過偏光太陽眼鏡視辨時之視辨性的其他相位差層(代表上為賦予(橢)圓偏光功能之層、賦予超高相位差之層)。藉由具有所述層，即使透過偏光太陽眼鏡等偏光透鏡視辨顯示畫面時，仍可實現優異的視辨性。因此，所得偏光板(附相位差層之偏光板)亦可適宜用於可用於戶外之影像顯示裝置。Although not shown in the figure, the polarizing plate may also have other functional layers. The type, characteristics, quantity, combination, arrangement, etc. of the functional layers that the polarizing plate can have can be appropriately set according to the purpose. For example, the polarizing plate may further have a conductive layer or an isotropic substrate with a conductive layer. A polarizing plate having a conductive layer or an isotropic base material with a conductive layer (polarizing plate with a phase difference layer) is used, for example, in a so-called in-touch panel type input with a touch sensor incorporated inside an image display panel. display device. In another example, the polarizing plate may also have other retardation layers. The optical properties (such as refractive index properties, in-plane phase difference, Nz coefficient, photoelastic coefficient), thickness, arrangement, etc. of other retardation layers can be appropriately set according to the purpose. To give a specific example, other phase difference layers (representatively a layer that imparts (elliptic) circular polarization function, Give a layer of ultra-high phase difference). By having such a layer, excellent visibility can be achieved even when the display screen is viewed through polarized lenses such as polarized sunglasses. Therefore, the obtained polarizing plate (polarizing plate with a phase difference layer) can also be suitably used in an image display device that can be used outdoors.
構成偏光板之各構件可透過任意適當之接著層(未圖示)來積層。接著層之具體例可舉接著劑層、黏著劑層。具體而言，相位差層30可透過接著劑層(宜使用活性能量線硬化型接著劑)貼合於偏光膜10或第二保護層上，亦可透過黏著劑層貼合於偏光膜10或第二保護層上。相位差層30具有二層以上之積層結構時，各相位差層例如可透過接著劑層(宜使用活性能量線硬化型接著劑)貼合。Each component constituting the polarizing plate can be laminated through any appropriate adhesive layer (not shown). Specific examples of the following layer include an adhesive layer and an adhesive layer. Specifically, the retardation layer 30 can be bonded to the polarizing film 10 or the second protective layer through an adhesive layer (active energy ray curable adhesive is preferred), or can be bonded to the polarizing film 10 or the second protective layer through an adhesive layer. on the second protective layer. When the retardation layer 30 has a laminated structure of two or more layers, each retardation layer can be bonded together through an adhesive layer (active energy ray-curable adhesive is preferably used), for example.
雖未圖示，但黏著劑層40之表面在實際應用上會貼合剝離襯材。剝離襯材可暫時黏附至偏光板供於使用之前。藉由使用剝離襯材，例如可保護黏著劑層40並可形成偏光板之捲材。Although not shown in the figure, the surface of the adhesive layer 40 will adhere to the release liner in practical applications. The release liner can be temporarily adhered to the polarizer prior to use. By using a release liner, for example, the adhesive layer 40 can be protected and a polarizing plate roll can be formed.
偏光板可為長條狀，亦可為單片狀。本說明書中所謂「長條狀」係指相對於寬度而言長度足夠長的細長形狀，舉例而言係指相對於寬度而言長度為10倍以上、宜為20倍以上之細長形狀。長條狀偏光板可捲繞成捲狀。The polarizing plate can be in the shape of a strip or a single piece. The term "elongated shape" in this specification refers to an elongated shape with a length that is sufficiently long relative to the width. For example, it refers to an elongated shape with a length of 10 times or more, preferably 20 times or more, relative to the width. Long strip polarizing plates can be rolled into rolls.
D-1.保護層 上述保護層可以可作為偏光膜之保護層使用之任意適當之薄膜來形成。作為成為該薄膜之主成分的材料之具體例，可列舉：三醋酸纖維素(TAC)等之纖維素系樹脂、或聚酯系、聚乙烯醇系、聚碳酸酯系、聚醯胺系、聚醯亞胺系、聚醚碸系、聚碸系、聚苯乙烯系、聚降𦯉烯系等之環烯烴系、聚烯烴系、(甲基)丙烯酸系、乙酸酯系等之透明樹脂。 D-1. Protective layer The above-mentioned protective layer can be formed of any appropriate film that can be used as a protective layer of the polarizing film. Specific examples of the material that is the main component of the film include cellulose-based resins such as triacetylcellulose (TAC), polyester-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polycarbonate-based, and polyamide-based resins. Transparent resins of polyimide series, polyether series, polystyrene series, polystyrene series, polynorphenyl series, cyclic olefin series, polyolefin series, (meth)acrylic series, acetate series, etc. .
上述偏光板代表上係配置於影像顯示裝置之視辨側。因此，保護層20亦可視需要施行有硬塗(HC)處理、抗反射處理、抗黏處理、防眩處理等之表面處理。The above-mentioned polarizing plate is typically arranged on the viewing side of the image display device. Therefore, the protective layer 20 may also be subjected to surface treatment such as hard coating (HC) treatment, anti-reflection treatment, anti-stick treatment, anti-glare treatment, etc. as needed.
保護層之厚度宜為5µm~80µm，較宜為10µm~40µm，更宜為10µm~30µm。此外，在施有上述表面處理時，保護層之厚度係包含表面處理層之厚度在內的厚度。The thickness of the protective layer should be 5µm~80µm, more preferably 10µm~40µm, more preferably 10µm~30µm. In addition, when the above-mentioned surface treatment is applied, the thickness of the protective layer includes the thickness of the surface treatment layer.
配置於偏光膜10與相位差層30之間的第二保護層在一實施形態中，宜於光學上為各向同性。本說明書中，「於光學上為各向同性」意指面內相位差Re(550)為0nm~10nm，且厚度方向之相位差Rth(550)為-10nm~+10nm。In one embodiment, the second protective layer disposed between the polarizing film 10 and the retardation layer 30 is preferably optically isotropic. In this specification, "optically isotropic" means that the in-plane phase difference Re(550) is 0 nm~10 nm, and the phase difference Rth(550) in the thickness direction is -10 nm~+10 nm.
在一實施形態中，可將上述樹脂基材作為偏光膜之保護層直接使用。根據所述形態，可減少製造步驟。In one embodiment, the above-mentioned resin base material can be used directly as a protective layer of the polarizing film. According to this form, manufacturing steps can be reduced.
D-2.相位差層 相位差層30如上述可為單一層，亦可具有積層結構(例如二層結構)。 D-2. Phase difference layer The phase difference layer 30 may be a single layer as mentioned above, or may have a stacked structure (for example, a two-layer structure).
相位差層30可因應用途等具有任意適當之光學特性。在一實施形態中，相位差層30包含可作為λ/4板發揮功能之第一相位差層。第一相位差層代表上折射率特性係展現nx＞ny=nz之關係。相位差層之面內相位差Re(550)宜為100nm~190nm，較宜為110nm~170nm，更宜為120nm~160nm。此外，在此「ny=nz」不只ny與nz完全相同之情況，還包含實質上相等之情況。因此，在不損及本發明效果之範圍內會有成為ny＞nz或ny＜nz之情形。The retardation layer 30 can have any appropriate optical characteristics according to the application. In one embodiment, the retardation layer 30 includes a first retardation layer that can function as a λ/4 plate. The refractive index characteristic of the first phase difference layer representative shows the relationship of nx>ny=nz. The in-plane phase difference Re(550) of the phase difference layer is preferably 100nm~190nm, more preferably 110nm~170nm, and more preferably 120nm~160nm. In addition, "ny=nz" here includes not only the case where ny and nz are exactly the same, but also the case where they are substantially equal. Therefore, ny>nz or ny<nz may be satisfied within the range that does not impair the effect of the present invention.
上述第一相位差層的Nz係數宜為0.9~1.5，較宜為0.9~1.3。第一相位差層亦可展現相位差值隨測定光之波長變大的逆色散波長特性。此時，相位差層之Re(450)/Re(550)宜為0.8以上且小於1，較宜為0.8以上且0.95以下。The Nz coefficient of the above-mentioned first phase difference layer is preferably 0.9~1.5, more preferably 0.9~1.3. The first phase difference layer may also exhibit an inverse dispersion wavelength characteristic in which the phase difference value increases with the wavelength of the measurement light. At this time, Re(450)/Re(550) of the phase difference layer is preferably 0.8 or more and less than 1, and more preferably 0.8 or more and 0.95 or less.
相位差層30只要可滿足所期望之特性，便可以任意適當之材料構成。具體而言，相位差層可為樹脂薄膜(延伸薄膜)，可為液晶化合物之定向固化層，亦可為該等之組合。The retardation layer 30 can be made of any appropriate material as long as it satisfies desired characteristics. Specifically, the retardation layer may be a resin film (stretched film), a directionally solidified layer of a liquid crystal compound, or a combination thereof.
D-3.黏著劑層 黏著劑層40可採用任意適當之構成。具體例可舉丙烯酸系黏著劑、橡膠系黏著劑、聚矽氧系黏著劑、聚酯系黏著劑、胺甲酸酯系黏著劑、環氧系黏著劑及聚醚系黏著劑。藉由調整形成黏著劑之基底樹脂的單體的種類、數量、組合及摻混比、以及交聯劑的摻混量、反應溫度、反應時間等，可調製出具有符合目的之所期望特性的黏著劑。黏著劑之基底樹脂可單獨使用，亦可組合二種以上來使用。基底樹脂宜為丙烯酸樹脂(具體而言，黏著劑層宜以丙烯酸系黏著劑構成)。黏著劑層40之厚度例如為10µm~20µm。 D-3. Adhesive layer The adhesive layer 40 can adopt any suitable structure. Specific examples include acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, silicone adhesives, polyester adhesives, urethane adhesives, epoxy adhesives, and polyether adhesives. By adjusting the type, quantity, combination and blending ratio of the monomers that form the base resin of the adhesive, as well as the blending amount of the cross-linking agent, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc., it is possible to prepare a product with the desired characteristics that meets the purpose. Adhesive. The base resin of the adhesive can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The base resin is preferably an acrylic resin (specifically, the adhesive layer is preferably composed of an acrylic adhesive). The thickness of the adhesive layer 40 is, for example, 10µm~20µm.
D-4.偏光板之製作 偏光板在代表上可藉由於歷經上述第一步驟及第二步驟所得之偏光膜積層相位差層等各種層來獲得。 D-4. Production of polarizing plate Typically, a polarizing plate can be obtained by laminating various layers such as a retardation layer on the polarizing film obtained through the first step and the second step.
實施例 以下，藉由實施例來具體說明本發明，惟本發明不受該等實施例所限。此外，厚度及樹脂膜之水分率係利用下述測定方法測定之值。又，只要無特別註記，實施例及比較例中之「份」及「%」即為重量基準。 1.厚度 10µm以下的厚度係使用掃描型電子顯微鏡(日本電子公司製，製品名「JSM-7100F」)進行測定。大於10μm的厚度係使用數位測微器(Anritsu公司製，產品名「KC-351C」)進行測定。 2.樹脂膜之水分率 將樹脂膜單體(從樹脂基材剝離後之狀態的樹脂膜)在120℃、2小時之條件下乾燥，測定乾燥前後之重量變化量，藉此求出樹脂膜中所含之水分量，算出水分率。 Example Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described through examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples. In addition, the thickness and the moisture content of the resin film are values measured using the following measurement methods. In addition, unless otherwise noted, "parts" and "%" in the examples and comparative examples are based on weight. 1.Thickness The thickness of 10 µm or less is measured using a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product name "JSM-7100F"). The thickness of more than 10 μm is measured using a digital micrometer (manufactured by Anritsu Co., Ltd., product name "KC-351C"). 2. Moisture content of resin film The resin film alone (the resin film in a state after being peeled off from the resin base material) is dried at 120°C for 2 hours, and the weight change before and after drying is measured to determine the amount of moisture contained in the resin film. Calculate the moisture content.
[實施例1] (樹脂膜之製作) 熱塑性樹脂基材是使用長條狀且吸水率0.75%、Tg約75℃之非晶質間苯二甲酸共聚聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜(厚度：100µm)。對樹脂基材之單面施行了電暈處理。 在以9：1混合聚乙烯醇(聚合度4200，皂化度99.2莫耳%)及乙醯乙醯基改質PVA(日本合成化學工業公司製，商品名「GOHSEFIMER Z410」)而成之PVA系樹脂100重量份中，添加碘化鉀13重量份，而調製出PVA水溶液(塗佈液)。 於樹脂基材之電暈處理面塗佈上述PVA水溶液並在60℃下乾燥，藉此形成厚度13μm之PVA系樹脂層，而製作出積層體。 在130℃之烘箱內，將所得之積層體在周速相異的輥件間往縱向(長邊方向)進行自由端單軸延伸成2.4倍(空中輔助延伸)。 接著，使積層體浸漬於液溫40℃的不溶解浴(相對於水100重量份摻混4重量份之硼酸而得之硼酸水溶液)中30秒鐘(不溶解處理)。 接著，於液溫30℃的染色浴(相對於水100重量份，以1：7之重量比摻混碘與碘化鉀而得之碘水溶液)中一邊調整濃度一邊使其浸漬於其中60秒鐘，以使所得樹脂膜的單體透射率(Ts)成為43%以上(染色)。 接著，使其浸漬於液溫40℃的交聯浴(相對於水100重量份摻混3重量份之碘化鉀並摻混5重量份之硼酸而得之硼酸水溶液)中30秒鐘(交聯處理)。 然後，一邊使積層體浸漬於液溫64℃的硼酸水溶液(硼酸濃度4.0重量%)中，一邊在周速相異的輥件間往縱向(長邊方向)進行單軸延伸以使總延伸倍率達5.5倍(水中延伸)。 之後，使積層體浸漬於液溫20℃的洗淨浴(相對於水100重量份摻混4重量份之碘化鉀而得之水溶液)中(洗淨)。 之後，一邊在保持於90℃之烘箱中乾燥，一邊使其接觸表面溫度保持於75℃之SUS製加熱輥約2秒(乾燥)。積層體進行乾燥收縮處理所致之寬度方向之收縮率為5.2%。 依上述方式，於樹脂基材上形成了厚度5.5µm且水分率4.4%之樹脂膜。 [Example 1] (Production of resin film) The thermoplastic resin base material is a long amorphous isophthalic acid copolymer polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 100µm) with a water absorption rate of 0.75% and a Tg of approximately 75°C. Corona treatment is applied to one side of the resin base material. A PVA system made by mixing polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 4200, saponification degree 99.2 mol%) and acetyl-acetyl modified PVA (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "GOHSEFIMER Z410") at a ratio of 9:1 To 100 parts by weight of the resin, 13 parts by weight of potassium iodide was added to prepare a PVA aqueous solution (coating liquid). The above-mentioned PVA aqueous solution was applied to the corona-treated surface of the resin base material and dried at 60° C. to form a PVA-based resin layer with a thickness of 13 μm, thereby producing a laminate. In an oven at 130°C, the free end of the resulting laminate is uniaxially extended to 2.4 times in the longitudinal direction (long side direction) between rollers with different circumferential speeds (auxiliary extension in the air). Next, the laminated body was immersed in an insolubilization bath (a boric acid aqueous solution in which 4 parts by weight of boric acid was mixed with 100 parts by weight of water) having a liquid temperature of 40°C for 30 seconds (insolubilization treatment). Next, it was immersed in a dyeing bath (an iodine aqueous solution obtained by mixing iodine and potassium iodide at a weight ratio of 1:7 with respect to 100 parts by weight of water) with a liquid temperature of 30° C. for 60 seconds while adjusting the concentration. The resulting resin film has a single transmittance (Ts) of 43% or more (dyed). Next, it was immersed in a crosslinking bath (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by mixing 3 parts by weight of potassium iodide and 5 parts by weight of boric acid to 100 parts by weight of water) with a liquid temperature of 40° C. for 30 seconds (crosslinking treatment) ). Then, while the laminated body was immersed in a boric acid aqueous solution with a liquid temperature of 64° C. (boric acid concentration 4.0% by weight), it was uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) between rollers with different circumferential speeds so that the total stretching ratio Up to 5.5 times (extended in water). Thereafter, the laminated body was immersed in a cleaning bath (an aqueous solution in which 4 parts by weight of potassium iodide was mixed with 100 parts by weight of water) having a liquid temperature of 20° C. (washing). Thereafter, it was dried in an oven kept at 90° C. while keeping the surface temperature in contact with a SUS heating roller kept at 75° C. for about 2 seconds (drying). The shrinkage rate in the width direction of the laminated body due to drying shrinkage treatment is 5.2%. In the above manner, a resin film with a thickness of 5.5µm and a moisture content of 4.4% was formed on the resin substrate.
接著，透過紫外線硬化型接著劑於所得樹脂膜之單面(未配置樹脂基材之面)貼合厚度27µm之HC-環烯烴系樹脂(COP)薄膜後，從樹脂膜剝離樹脂基材而獲得HC-COP薄膜與樹脂膜之積層物。此外，HC-COP薄膜係環烯烴系樹脂(COP)薄膜(厚度25μm)上形成有HC層(厚度2μm)之薄膜，係使COP薄膜位於樹脂膜側來貼合。 使所得積層物浸漬於硼酸濃度為4%、碘化鉀濃度為10%且70℃之第一液(水溶液)中45分鐘。之後，在常溫且濃度2%之碘化鉀水溶液(第二液)中浸漬15秒鐘後，在60℃下乾燥1分鐘，藉此獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 Next, a HC-cycloolefin resin (COP) film with a thickness of 27 μm is bonded to one side of the obtained resin film (the side where the resin base material is not placed) through an ultraviolet curable adhesive, and then the resin base material is peeled off from the resin film. A laminate of HC-COP film and resin film. In addition, the HC-COP film is a film in which an HC layer (thickness 2 μm) is formed on a cycloolefin resin (COP) film (thickness 25 μm), and is laminated with the COP film on the resin film side. The obtained laminate was immersed in the first liquid (aqueous solution) having a boric acid concentration of 4%, a potassium iodide concentration of 10% and a temperature of 70° C. for 45 minutes. Thereafter, the film was immersed in a 2% potassium iodide aqueous solution (second liquid) at room temperature for 15 seconds, and then dried at 60° C. for 1 minute to obtain a polarizing plate having an HC-COP film and a polarizing film.
[實施例2] 使用硼酸濃度為4%、碘化鉀濃度為5%且70℃之水溶液作為第一液，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為40分鐘，及，使用水作為第二液，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 2] An aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4%, a potassium iodide concentration of 5% and a temperature of 70°C is used as the first liquid, the immersion time in the first liquid is 40 minutes, and water is used as the second liquid. In addition, A polarizing plate with an HC-COP film and a polarizing film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[實施例3] 使用硼酸濃度為4%、碘化鉀濃度為2%且66℃之水溶液作為第一液，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為30分鐘，及，使用水作為第二液，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 3] An aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4%, a potassium iodide concentration of 2% and a temperature of 66°C was used as the first liquid, the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 30 minutes, and water was used as the second liquid. In addition, A polarizing plate with an HC-COP film and a polarizing film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[實施例4] 使用硼酸濃度為4%、碘化鉀濃度為2%且66℃之水溶液作為第一液，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為45分鐘，及，使用水作為第二液，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 4] An aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4%, a potassium iodide concentration of 2% and a temperature of 66°C was used as the first liquid, the immersion time in the first liquid was 45 minutes, and water was used as the second liquid. In addition, A polarizing plate with an HC-COP film and a polarizing film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[實施例5] 使用硼酸濃度為4%、碘化鉀濃度為2%且60℃之水溶液作為第一液，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為40分鐘，及，使用水作為第二液，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 5] An aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4%, a potassium iodide concentration of 2% and a temperature of 60°C is used as the first liquid, the immersion time in the first liquid is 40 minutes, and water is used as the second liquid. In addition, A polarizing plate with an HC-COP film and a polarizing film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[實施例6] 使用硼酸濃度為6%、碘化鉀濃度為10%且80℃之水溶液作為第一液，及，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為20分鐘，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 6] An aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 6%, a potassium iodide concentration of 10% and an 80°C aqueous solution of 80° C. was used as the first liquid, and the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 20 minutes, in the same manner as in Example 1. A polarizing plate with HC-COP film and polarizing film was obtained.
[實施例7] 使用硼酸濃度為6%、碘化鉀濃度為5%且80℃之水溶液作為第一液，及，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為20分鐘，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 7] An aqueous solution having a boric acid concentration of 6%, a potassium iodide concentration of 5% and an temperature of 80° C. was used as the first liquid, and the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 20 minutes, in the same manner as in Example 1. A polarizing plate with HC-COP film and polarizing film was obtained.
[實施例8] 使用硼酸濃度為6%、碘化鉀濃度為2%且80℃之水溶液作為第一液，及，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為20分鐘，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Example 8] An aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 6%, a potassium iodide concentration of 2% and an 80°C aqueous solution of 80° C. was used as the first liquid, and the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 20 minutes. The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the immersion time was 20 minutes. A polarizing plate with HC-COP film and polarizing film was obtained.
[比較例1] 除了未進行使用第一液及第二液之處理外，以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Comparative example 1] A polarizing plate having an HC-COP film and a polarizing film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment using the first liquid and the second liquid was not performed.
[比較例2] 使用50℃之水作為第一液，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為10分鐘，及，未進行使用第二液之處理，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Comparative example 2] Water at 50° C. was used as the first liquid, the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 10 minutes, and the treatment using the second liquid was not performed. In the same manner as in Example 1, HC was obtained. -COP film and polarizing film for polarizing plates.
[比較例3] 使用硼酸濃度為2%且70℃之水溶液(不含碘化鉀)作為第一液，及，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為2分鐘，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Comparative example 3] Obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution (excluding potassium iodide) with a boric acid concentration of 2% and 70° C. was used as the first liquid, and the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 2 minutes. Polarizing plate with HC-COP film and polarizing film.
[比較例4] 使用硼酸濃度為5%且70℃之水溶液(不含碘化鉀)作為第一液，及，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為5分鐘，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Comparative example 4] Obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution (excluding potassium iodide) with a boric acid concentration of 5% and 70° C. was used as the first liquid, and the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 5 minutes. Polarizing plate with HC-COP film and polarizing film.
[比較例5] 使用硼酸濃度為8%且70℃之水溶液(不含碘化鉀)作為第一液，及，將浸漬於第一液之浸漬時間設為15分鐘，除此之外以與實施例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Comparative example 5] Obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution (excluding potassium iodide) with a boric acid concentration of 8% and 70° C. was used as the first liquid, and the immersion time in the first liquid was set to 15 minutes. Polarizing plate with HC-COP film and polarizing film.
[比較例6] 除了調整染色條件外，以與比較例1相同方式而獲得具有HC-COP薄膜與偏光膜之偏光板。 [Comparative example 6] Except for adjusting the dyeing conditions, a polarizing plate having an HC-COP film and a polarizing film was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 1.
針對實施例及比較例進行下述評估。將評估結果整合於表1。 ＜評估＞ ・單體透射率及偏光度 針對偏光膜(偏光膜/HC-COP薄膜)，使用紫外線可見光分光光度計(日本分光公司製，V-7100)進行測定，並將測得之單體透射率Ts、平行透射率Tp、正交透射率Tc分別作為偏光膜之Ts、Tp及Tc。該等Ts、Tp及Tc係以JIS Z8701之2度視野(C光源)進行測定並進行視感度校正後之Y值。 從所得Tp及Tc利用下述式求得偏光度P。 偏光度P(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)} 1/2×100 The following evaluation was performed on the Examples and Comparative Examples. The evaluation results are integrated in Table 1. ＜Evaluation＞ ・The transmittance and degree of polarization of the monomer were measured using an ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer (V-7100, manufactured by Nippon ASCO Corporation) for the polarizing film (polarizing film/HC-COP film), and the measured monomer The transmittance Ts, the parallel transmittance Tp, and the orthogonal transmittance Tc are respectively regarded as Ts, Tp, and Tc of the polarizing film. These Ts, Tp and Tc are the Y values measured using the 2-degree visual field (C light source) of JIS Z8701 and corrected for visual sensitivity. The degree of polarization P was calculated from the obtained Tp and Tc using the following formula. Polarization P(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)} 1/2 ×100
・色相(a及b) 針對偏光膜(偏光膜/HC-COP薄膜)，使用紫外線可見光分光光度計(日本分光公司製，V-7100)測定單體色相。 ・Hue (a and b) Regarding the polarizing film (polarizing film/HC-COP film), the single-piece hue was measured using an ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer (V-7100, manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
・外觀1 使用所得偏光板製出評估用積層體。具體而言，透過丙烯酸系黏著劑層(15µm)將下述相位差層貼合於偏光板之偏光膜側後，透過丙烯酸系黏著劑層(15µm)將反射片(TORAY ADVANCED FILM Co., Ltd.製，「Cerapeel DMS-X42」)貼合於相位差層，而獲得評估用積層體。此外，利用反射片之分光測色計(Konica Minolta公司製，「CM-2600d」)在SCI模式下測定之反射率為88%。 以肉眼觀察從偏光板側觀看所得評估用積層體時之外觀(有無條痕)。 (評估基準) 良好：未確認有條痕 不良：確認有條痕 ・Appearance 1 Using the obtained polarizing plate, a laminate for evaluation was produced. Specifically, the following retardation layer is bonded to the polarizing film side of the polarizing plate through an acrylic adhesive layer (15µm), and then the reflective sheet (TORAY ADVANCED FILM Co., Ltd.) is attached through the acrylic adhesive layer (15µm). . (manufactured by "Cerapeel DMS-X42") was bonded to the retardation layer to obtain a laminate for evaluation. In addition, the reflectance measured in SCI mode using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Konica Minolta, "CM-2600d") using a reflective sheet was 88%. The appearance (presence or absence of streaks) of the obtained laminate for evaluation was observed with the naked eye when viewed from the polarizing plate side. (Evaluation Basis) Good: No streaks confirmed Defective: streaks confirmed
(構成相位差層之延伸薄膜之製作) 使用由2台具備有攪拌葉片及控制成100℃之回流冷卻器的直立式反應器構成之批次聚合裝置進行聚合。饋入雙[9-(2-苯氧基羰基乙基)茀-9-基]甲烷29.60質量份(0.046mol)、異山梨醇(ISB)29.21質量份(0.200mol)、螺甘油(SPG)42.28質量份(0.139mol)、碳酸二苯酯(DPC)63.77質量份(0.298mol)及作為觸媒的乙酸鈣一水合物1.19×10 -2質量份(6.78×10 -5mol)。將反應器內進行減壓氮取代後，以熱介質加溫，並於內溫達100℃之時間點開始攪拌。於升溫開始40分鐘後使內溫達到220℃，控制維持該溫度的同時開始減壓，在達到220℃後以90分鐘使其成為13.3kPa。將伴隨聚合反應而副生成的苯酚蒸氣導入100℃之回流冷卻器，使苯酚蒸氣中所含些許量之單體成分返回反應器，並將未凝聚之苯酚蒸氣導入45℃的凝聚器中回收。將氮導入第1反應器暫時使其回復到大氣壓後，將第1反應器內之經寡聚化的反應液移至第2反應器。接著，開始進行第2反應器內的升溫及減壓，並以50分鐘使內溫成為240℃、壓力成為0.2kPa。然後，進行聚合至達到預定之攪拌功率。在達到預定功率之時間點將氮導入反應器中使壓力回復，並將所生成之聚酯碳酸酯系樹脂擠出至水中，裁切束狀物而獲得丸粒。 (Preparation of stretched film constituting the retardation layer) Polymerization was carried out using a batch polymerization apparatus consisting of two vertical reactors equipped with stirring blades and a reflux cooler controlled to 100°C. Feed in 29.60 parts by mass (0.046 mol) of bis[9-(2-phenoxycarbonylethyl)fluoren-9-yl]methane, 29.21 parts by mass (0.200 mol) of isosorbide (ISB), and spiroglycerol (SPG) 42.28 parts by mass (0.139 mol), 63.77 parts by mass (0.298 mol) of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) and 1.19×10 -2 parts by mass (6.78×10 -5 mol) of calcium acetate monohydrate as a catalyst. After the reactor was replaced with nitrogen under reduced pressure, it was heated with a heat medium, and stirring was started when the internal temperature reached 100°C. The internal temperature was brought to 220°C 40 minutes after the start of the temperature rise, and the pressure was reduced while maintaining the temperature. After reaching 220°C, it was adjusted to 13.3 kPa in 90 minutes. The phenol vapor produced by the polymerization reaction is introduced into a reflux cooler at 100°C, and a small amount of monomer components contained in the phenol vapor are returned to the reactor, and the uncondensed phenol vapor is introduced into a condenser at 45°C for recovery. After introducing nitrogen into the first reactor and temporarily returning it to atmospheric pressure, the oligomerized reaction liquid in the first reactor is moved to the second reactor. Next, the temperature increase and pressure reduction in the second reactor were started, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 240° C. and the pressure to 0.2 kPa over 50 minutes. Then, polymerization is performed until a predetermined stirring power is reached. At the time point when the predetermined power is reached, nitrogen is introduced into the reactor to restore the pressure, the generated polyester carbonate resin is extruded into water, and the bundles are cut to obtain pellets.
將所得聚酯碳酸酯系樹脂(丸粒)在80℃下真空乾燥5小時後，使用具備單軸擠製機(東芝機械公司製，缸筒設定溫度：250℃)、T型模(寬200mm，設定溫度：250℃)、冷卻輥(設定溫度：120~130℃)及捲取機之薄膜製膜裝置，製作出厚度135μm之長條狀樹脂薄膜。將所得長條狀樹脂薄膜以延伸溫度143℃、延伸倍率2.8倍往寬度方向延伸，而獲得厚度47μm之延伸薄膜。所得延伸薄膜之Re(550)為143nm，Re(450)/Re(550)為0.86，Nz係數為1.12。The obtained polyester carbonate resin (pellets) was vacuum-dried at 80°C for 5 hours, and then used a single-screw extruder (manufactured by Toshiba Machinery Co., Ltd., cylinder set temperature: 250°C) and a T-die (width 200mm). , set temperature: 250℃), cooling roller (set temperature: 120~130℃) and the film forming device of the winding machine to produce a long resin film with a thickness of 135μm. The obtained long resin film was stretched in the width direction at a stretching temperature of 143°C and a stretching ratio of 2.8 times to obtain a stretched film with a thickness of 47 μm. The Re(550) of the obtained stretched film was 143 nm, Re(450)/Re(550) was 0.86, and the Nz coefficient was 1.12.
透過紫外線硬化型接著劑(硬化後之厚度：1.0µm)，將展現nz＞nx=ny之折射率特性的薄膜(大日本印刷股份公司製，「MCP-N(100)」，Rth(550)：-135nm)貼合於上述所得延伸薄膜，而獲得構成相位差層之積層薄膜。Through ultraviolet curable adhesive (thickness after curing: 1.0µm), a film exhibiting refractive index characteristics of nz>nx=ny (manufactured by Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., "MCP-N (100)", Rth (550) : -135 nm) was bonded to the stretched film obtained above to obtain a laminated film constituting the retardation layer.
・外觀2 在點亮LED背光件(Altek製，藉由TOPCON TECHNOHOUSE CORPORATION製「SR-UL1R」在測定角1.0deg且高度50cm之條件下測定之亮度為7200cd)之狀態下，於其上依序配置第一偏光板(Nitto製，「SEG1224DUHC」，透射率43%)、所得偏光板及第二偏光板(Nitto製，「SEG1224DUHC」，透射率43%)，並以肉眼觀察從第二偏光板上觀看之外觀(有無條痕)。3片偏光板係配置成相鄰之偏光板的吸收軸方向呈正交(3片交叉法)。又，第一偏光板及第二偏光板係在貼合於玻璃板之狀態下配置。 (評估基準) 良好：未確認有條痕 不良：確認有條痕 ・Appearance 2 With the LED backlight (manufactured by Altek, "SR-UL1R" manufactured by TOPCON TECHNOHOUSE CORPORATION, the brightness measured under the conditions of measuring angle 1.0deg and height 50cm being 7200cd) being lit, place the first order on it. Polarizing plate (manufactured by Nitto, "SEG1224DUHC", transmittance 43%), the obtained polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate (manufactured by Nitto, "SEG1224DUHC", transmittance 43%), and observing the second polarizing plate with the naked eye Appearance (with or without streaks). Three polarizing plates are arranged so that the absorption axis directions of adjacent polarizing plates are orthogonal (three-piece crossing method). Moreover, the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are arranged in a state of being bonded to the glass plate. (Evaluation Basis) Good: No streaks confirmed Defective: streaks confirmed
[表1] [Table 1]
在比較例中，沿偏光膜之吸收軸方向(延伸方向)有視辨到條痕，但在實施例中未視辨到條痕。此外認為在使用不含硼酸之第一液的比較例2中，碘會從交聯較弱之部分脫落，而更會視辨到條痕。又認為在使用硼酸少且溫度高之第一液的比較例3中，交聯較弱之部分會溶解，而更會視辨到條痕。In the comparative example, streaks were visible along the absorption axis direction (extending direction) of the polarizing film, but in the examples, no streaks were visible. In addition, it is considered that in Comparative Example 2 in which the first solution containing no boric acid was used, iodine would fall off from weakly cross-linked parts, and streaks would be visible. It is also thought that in Comparative Example 3, which uses a first liquid with less boric acid and a high temperature, the weakly cross-linked parts will dissolve and streaks will be visible.
產業上之可利用性 本發明實施形態之偏光膜可適宜用於例如液晶顯示裝置、有機EL顯示裝置、無機EL顯示裝置等影像顯示裝置。 industrial availability The polarizing film according to the embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used in image display devices such as liquid crystal display devices, organic EL display devices, and inorganic EL display devices.
1:積層體 2:熱塑性樹脂基材 3:聚乙烯醇(PVA)系樹脂層 10:偏光膜 10a:第一主面 10b:第二主面 20:保護層 30:相位差層 40:黏著劑層 100:偏光板(附相位差層之偏光板) 200:積層體 G1~G4:導輥 R1~R6:輸送輥 1: Laminated body 2: Thermoplastic resin base material 3: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin layer 10:Polarizing film 10a: First main surface 10b: Second main side 20:Protective layer 30: Phase difference layer 40: Adhesive layer 100: Polarizing plate (polarizing plate with phase difference layer) 200:Laminated body G1~G4: guide roller R1~R6: conveyor roller
圖1係顯示本發明一實施形態之積層體之概略構成的示意剖面圖。 圖2係顯示使用加熱輥之乾燥之一例的概略圖。 圖3係顯示本發明一實施形態之偏光板之概略構成的示意剖面圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure of a laminated body according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of drying using a heated roller. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure of a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1:積層體 1: Laminated body
2:熱塑性樹脂基材 2: Thermoplastic resin base material
3:聚乙烯醇(PVA)系樹脂層 3: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin layer
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