TW202031457A - 螺杆和擠出機 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提供一種用於一邊將彈性體(G)混煉一邊將其擠出的具有螺旋葉片(5)的螺杆(2)。螺杆(2)包括在螺旋葉片(5)形成有銷通過用的多個切口部(10)的混煉區域(6)、和配置於混煉區域(6)的擠出方向(A)下游側的可塑化區域(7)。可塑化區域(7)具有在沿擠出方向(A)相鄰的螺旋葉片(5)、(5)之間延伸的阻擋部(14)。
Description
本發明涉及用於一邊將可塑性的彈性體混煉一邊將其擠出的螺杆以及擠出機。
例如,在下述的專利文獻1中,公開有在管筒內配置了螺杆的擠出機中,從上述管筒的內周面朝向螺杆芯使多個銷突出的銷釘式擠出機。
專利文獻1:日本特開平02-137908號公報
在該銷釘式擠出機中,在螺杆與管筒之間被加工的彈性體被上述銷進一步剪切、攪拌。因此,具有混合分散效果優異的優點。
但是,在這樣的銷釘式擠出機的情況下,根據彈性體的組成,從排出口被擠出的彈性體存在擠出後大幅膨脹、形狀不穩定的問題。
本發明是鑒於以上那樣的實際情況而研究出的,主要目的在於提供能夠減少可塑性的彈性體在擠出後的膨脹率並實現形狀的穩定化的螺杆以及擠出機。
本發明是用於將可塑性的彈性體混煉並將其擠出的具有螺旋葉片的螺杆,該螺杆包括:混煉區域,在該混煉區域中,在上述螺旋葉片形成有銷通過用的切口部;和可塑化區域,該可塑化區域配置於上述混煉區域的擠出方向下游側,上述可塑化區域具有在沿擠出方向相鄰的螺旋葉片間延伸的阻擋部。
在本發明的螺杆中,優選上述可塑化區域具有3~6個阻擋部。
在本發明的螺杆中,優選上述阻擋部的高度比上述螺旋葉片
的高度小,並且上述高度之差D為4mm以下。
在本發明的螺杆中,優選上述阻擋部的厚度t為上述高度之差D的1.5倍以上。
在本發明的螺杆中,優選在上述混煉區域的擠出方向上游側,配置有上述螺旋葉片以單線螺紋形成的進料區域。
在本發明的螺杆中,優選上述混煉區域的上述螺旋葉片以及上述可塑化區域的螺旋葉片分別以雙線螺紋形成。
本發明是包括上述的螺杆、和將上述螺杆配置於內部的管筒的擠出機,上述管筒包括多個銷,該多個銷被***於上述混煉促進區域的形成於上述螺旋葉片的上述切口部。
在本發明的擠出機中,優選上述管筒包括使上述彈性體投入的投入口,上述投入口使上述彈性體投入於上述混煉區域的擠出方向上游側的進料區域。
本發明的螺杆包括:混煉區域,在該混煉區域中,在螺旋葉片形成有銷通過用的切口部;和可塑化區域,上述可塑化區域被配置於上述混煉區域的擠出方向下游側,可塑化區域具有在沿擠出方向相鄰的螺旋葉片間延伸的阻擋部。
在混煉區域中,與銷釘式擠出機同樣,在螺杆與管筒之間被加工的彈性體被***於上述切口部的銷剪切。並且由於管筒與彈性體之間的阻力增大,因此能夠提高混煉效果,並提高混合分散效果。
另外,在可塑化區域中,在相鄰的螺旋葉片間通過的彈性體在阻擋部上越過並且流向下游側。在該越過時,彈性體變形為薄膜狀。那時,彈性體向剪切方向以及拉伸方向變形,分子均勻並且細緻地被切斷。像這樣在可塑化區域中,較高地發揮出彈性體的分子的切斷效果。因此,能夠減少擠出後的彈性體的膨脹率,能夠實現形狀的穩定化。
另外,在可塑化區域中,在彈性體變形為薄膜狀時,彈性體本身發熱從而熱煉性提高。其結果,與分子的切斷效果相輔相成,促進添加物的混合、分散。因此,也能夠對被擠出的彈性體的表面性變得光滑等、表面性的提高做出貢獻。
1:擠出機
2:螺杆
3:管筒
4:螺杆軸
5:螺旋葉片
6:混煉區域
7:可塑化區域
8:進料區域
9:擠出區域
10:切口部
11:投入口
12:排出口
13:銷
14:阻擋部
15:驅動部
A:擠出方向
D:高度之差
G:彈性體
t:厚度
θ:導程角
第一圖是表示本發明的擠出機的一個實施方式的側視圖。
第二圖是第一圖的螺杆的側視圖。
第三(a)圖是擠出機的混煉區域的剖視圖。
第三(b)圖是第三(a)圖的I-I線剖視圖。
第四(a)圖是擠出機的可塑化區域的剖視圖。
第四(b)圖是表示阻擋部的作用的示意圖。
以下,基於圖式對本發明的實施的一個形態詳細地進行說明。
第一圖是表示本實施方式的擠出機1的側視圖。如第一圖所示,本實施方式的擠出機1包括用於將可塑性的彈性體G混煉並且將其向擠出方向A擠出的螺杆2、和將螺杆2配置在內部的管筒3。這裡,例如,能夠應用未硫化橡膠、熱塑性彈性體等作為可塑性的彈性體G。
螺杆2具有螺杆軸4、和從螺杆軸4向螺杆2的徑向外側突出的螺旋葉片5。螺旋葉片5用於將彈性體G混煉並且將其擠出,例如,作為單線螺紋、雙線螺紋、或者多線螺紋而形成。
這裡,單線螺紋是指在螺杆軸4的軸向的同一部分,具有一個螺旋葉片5的形態。另外,雙線螺紋是指在螺杆軸4的軸向的同一部分,具有兩個螺旋葉片5的形態。並且,多線螺紋是指在螺杆軸4的軸向的同一部分,具有兩個以上的螺旋葉片5的形態。雙線螺紋是多線螺紋的一個形態。
第二圖是第一圖的螺杆2的側視圖。如第一圖和第二圖所示,本實施方式的螺杆2包括混煉區域6、和配置於該混煉區域6的擠出方向A下游側的可塑化區域7。此外,在混煉區域6的擠出方向A上游側,配置有進料區域8。
在螺杆2中,優選在進料區域8中,螺旋葉片5以單線螺紋形成。另外,優選在混煉區域6以及可塑化區域7中,螺旋葉片5以多線螺紋、特別是以雙線螺紋形成。
在混煉區域6中,在螺旋葉片5形成有供銷通過用的切口部10。在本實施方式中,示出了在螺旋葉片5的四個位置形成有切口部10的情況。切口部10的形成部位的數量並不限定於此,能夠根據被擠出的彈性體G的種類,適當地變更。
在這樣的混煉區域6中,在螺杆2與管筒3之間被加工的彈性體G被螺旋葉片5以及被***於切口部10的後述的銷13剪切。並且,由於管筒3與彈性體G之間的阻力增大,因此混煉效果也提高,能夠提高混合分散效果。
如第四(a)圖所示,可塑化區域7具有在沿擠出方向A相鄰的螺旋葉片5、5之間延伸的阻擋部14。阻擋部14的高度比螺旋葉片5的高度小。因此,如第四(b)圖示意性所示,彈性體G變形為薄膜狀,並且,在阻擋部14上越過而流向擠出方向A下游側。在該薄膜狀變形時,彈性體G在剪切方向和拉伸方向上變形,分子均勻且細小地被切斷。即,在可塑化區域7中,彈性體G的分子的切斷效果得到了很高的發揮。因此,能夠減小擠出後的彈性體G的膨脹率,能夠實現擠出後的形狀的穩定化。
並且,在可塑化區域7中,在彈性體G變形為薄膜狀時,彈性體本身發熱從而熱煉性提高。其結果,與上述的分子的切斷效果相輔相成,促進添加物的混合、分散。因此,也能夠起到使被擠出的彈性體G的表面性狀光滑的效果。
這裡,優選阻擋部14的高度與螺旋葉片5的高度之差D為4mm以下。若高度之差D超過4mm,則向薄膜狀的變形變得不充分,分子的切斷效果降低。其結果,無法充分得到膨脹率的降低效果。因此,進一步優選高度之差D的上限為3mm以下。優選高度之差D的下限為1mm以上,若低於1mm,則阻礙流動,導致彈性體G的排出量的降低。
另外,為了提高分子的切斷效果,優選阻擋部14的厚度t為上述高度之差D的1.5倍以上。若厚度t低於高度之差D的1.5倍,則在越過阻擋部14時,彈性體G的分子向拉伸方向的變形變得不充分,導致切斷效果降低的趨勢。此外,優選厚度t的上限為高度之差D的10.0倍以下,若超過10.0倍,則阻礙流動,導致彈性體G的排出量的降低。
從膨脹率的降低效果和排出量的降低的觀點來看,優選可塑化區域7中的阻擋部14的形成數量為3~6個的範圍。阻擋部14的導程角θ沒有特別地記載,能夠在0~90°的範圍內適當地設定。
此外,在沒有混煉區域6的情況下,越過將高度之差D設為4mm以下的阻擋部14變得困難,充分獲得膨脹率的降低效果變得困難。另外,導致排出量的大幅降低。即,通過混煉區域6和可塑化區域7的相輔相成作用,不會導致排出量的大幅降低,能夠充分獲得膨脹率的降低效果。
接下來,說明了在本實施方式的擠出機1中,用於降低彈性體G的擠出後的膨脹率的更優選的形態。如第一圖所示,管筒3例如形成為具有大致恒定的內徑的大致圓筒狀。管筒3包括供彈性體G投入的投入口11、和將被混煉的彈性體G排出的排出口12。
投入口11設置於進料區域8的位置,彈性體G從投入口11向進料區域8內投入。在該進料區域8中,螺旋葉片5以單線螺紋形成,因此,對於被投入的彈性體G,發揮出優異的咬入性。由此,能夠將彈性體G可靠地送入管筒3內,而不會使其從投入口11溢出。
如第三(a)圖、第三(b)圖所示,管筒3包括被***於切口部10的多個銷13,切口部10被形成於混煉區域6的螺旋葉片5。如第三(b)圖所示,優選管筒3在螺旋葉片5的一個切口部10***有多個(例如4~8個)銷13。另外,在管筒3中,優選銷13沿擠出方向A配置多行(例如3~5行)。這樣的銷13將在螺杆2與管筒3之間被加工的彈性體G剪切。另外,由於銷13,管筒3與彈性體G之間的阻力增大,因此,混煉效果也提高,從而提高混合分散效果。優選銷13向管筒3內的突出量能夠適當地變更。
如第一圖所示,優選螺杆2通過配置於管筒3的擠出方向A上游側的驅動部15單向地旋轉。螺杆2的旋轉速度能夠根據驅動部15適當地調整。這樣的螺杆2根據擠出機1的運轉狀況,能夠容易地變更旋轉速度。
優選螺杆2在可塑化區域7的擠出方向A下游側,具備以雙線螺紋形成螺旋葉片5的擠出區域9。這樣,擠出區域9能夠使彈性體G
從管筒3的排出口12穩定地排出。
以上,對本發明的特別優選的實施方式進行了詳述,但本發明並不限定於上述的實施方式,能夠變形為各種的形態並實施。
[實施例]
為了確認本發明的效果,製作了形成第一圖所示的構造並且在前端設置有伽維口型板的擠出機。而且,擠出機分別在相同的轉速以及相同的溫度條件下被運轉。測量彈性體G的擠出後的膨脹率、可塑性、擠出物的表面性、以及排出量,與現有例以及比較例進行比較。使用銷釘式擠出機作為現有例。
使用針對100重量份天然橡膠,調配50重量份炭黑、以及5重量份油而成的材料作為彈性體。
<膨脹率>
利用伽維口型板的排出口的截面積Sa與從該排出口擠出成形的成形物的60分鐘後的截面積Sb之比Sb/Sa(單位%)來進行評價。數值越小,形狀的穩定性越優異。
<可塑性>
以JIS K6300為依據,測量130℃的門尼黏度(1+4),用將現有例作為100的指數來表示。數值越小,可塑性能越優異。
<表面性>
測量從排出口擠出成形的成形物的表面粗糙度(算術平均粗糙度Ra)。數值越小,表面越光滑。
<排出量>
在120℃的溫度限制下運轉擠出機,那時的排出量用將現有例設為100的指數示出。數值越大,排出量越多且良好。
如表1所示,在實施例中,能夠確認彈性體的擠出後的膨脹率低,形狀穩定性優異。另外,也能夠確認可以抑制排出量的大幅度降低。
1:擠出機
2:螺杆
3:管筒
4:螺杆軸
5:螺旋葉片
6:混煉區域
7:可塑化區域
8:進料區域
9:擠出區域
10:切口部
11:投入口
12:排出口
13:銷
14:阻擋部
15:驅動部
A:擠出方向
G:彈性體
Claims (8)
- 一種螺杆,是用於一邊將可塑性的彈性體混煉一邊將該可塑性的彈性體擠出的具有螺旋葉片的螺杆,其特徵在於,所述螺杆包括:混煉區域,在該混煉區域中,在所述螺旋葉片形成有銷通過用的切口部;和可塑化區域,該可塑化區域配置於所述混煉區域的擠出方向下游側,所述可塑化區域具有在沿擠出方向相鄰的螺旋葉片間延伸的阻擋部。
- 如請求項1所述的螺杆,其中,所述可塑化區域具有3~6個阻擋部。
- 如請求項1或2所述的螺杆,其中,所述阻擋部的高度小於所述螺旋葉片的高度,並且所述高度之差D為4mm以下。
- 如請求項3所述的螺杆,其中,所述阻擋部的厚度t為所述高度之差D的1.5倍以上。
- 如請求項1~4中任一項所述的螺杆,其中,在所述混煉區域的擠出方向上游側,配置有所述螺旋葉片以單線螺紋形成的進料區域。
- 如請求項5所述的螺杆,其中,所述混煉區域的所述螺旋葉片以及所述可塑化區域的螺旋葉片分別以雙線螺紋形成。
- 一種擠出機,該擠出機包括如請求項1~6中任一項所記載的螺杆、和將所述螺杆配置於內部的管筒,所述擠出機的特徵在於,所述管筒包括多個銷,所述多個銷被***於所述混煉促進區域的形成於所述螺旋葉片的所述切口部。
- 如請求項7所述的擠出機,其中,所述管筒包括使所述彈性體投入的投入口,所述投入口使所述彈性體投入到所述混煉區域的擠出方向上游側的進料區域。
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JP7322429B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-01 | 2023-08-08 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム押出機及びゴム押出方法 |
CN115871190A (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-31 | 济南嗒凛洺鄢生物科技有限公司 | 一种pvc内衬电缆管的制管模具 |
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US3449793A (en) * | 1967-04-21 | 1969-06-17 | Intern Rubber Ind Inc | Machine for working rubber and like plastics |
US3989941A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1976-11-02 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Extruder and screw therefor for effecting transverse currents in work material handled thereby |
JPS5067867A (zh) * | 1973-10-22 | 1975-06-06 | ||
US4356140A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1982-10-26 | Hpm Corporation | Extrusion method with short cycle multichannel wave screw |
JPS5780037A (en) * | 1980-11-05 | 1982-05-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | High degree kneading type screw |
JPS5889341A (ja) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-05-27 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | 熱可塑性樹脂成形用押出装置 |
JPH02137908A (ja) | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-28 | Nakata Zoki Kk | ピン式押出し機用のピン折れ検出装置、ピン式ゴム押出し機用のピン折れ検出装置に用いる撹拌ピン及びピン式ゴム押出し機 |
DE4012612A1 (de) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-10-24 | Wilfried Baumgarten | Schneckenextruder |
DE4039942C1 (zh) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-01-30 | Berstorff Gmbh Masch Hermann | |
GB2255039A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-10-28 | Frenkel Ag C D | Cold feed rubber extruder construction. |
JP2004114602A (ja) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | 射出成形方法及び射出成形品 |
JP2004237715A (ja) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-08-26 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | 押出機および押出方法 |
CN103087349B (zh) * | 2013-01-08 | 2016-03-02 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种单螺杆热化学、强力剪切复合脱硫设备及其脱硫方法 |
CN104892972B (zh) * | 2014-03-06 | 2023-02-28 | 青岛高机科技有限公司 | 单螺杆挤出脱硫与后处理***及制备再生胶的方法 |
JP6550253B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-24 | 2019-07-24 | 東芝機械株式会社 | 押出機用スクリュ並びに押出機および押出方法 |
CN104589618B (zh) * | 2015-01-12 | 2017-01-18 | 安徽普瑞斯电工机械有限公司 | 电线电缆挤出机专用两段bm式螺杆 |
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