TW201947854A

TW201947854A - Tolerant control system of three-level T-type inverter and tolerant control method thereof

Info

Publication number: TW201947854A
Application number: TW107116319A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 趙貴祥; 張隆益; 洪健竣
Original assignee: 國立勤益科技大學
Priority date: 2018-05-14
Filing date: 2018-05-14
Publication date: 2019-12-16
Also published as: TWI681611B

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a tolerant control method of a three-level T-type inverter. Through the control of two redundant power switches, a first AC switch, a second AC switch and a third AC switch, the output of the three-level T-type inverter can be maintained in balance when one of the first bridge power switches, the second bridge power switches and the third bridge power switches is broken.

Description

三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統及其容錯控制方法 Fault-tolerant control system of three-stage T-type inverter and its fault-tolerant control method

本發明是有關於一種變頻器的系統及控制方法，且尤其是有關一種三階T型變頻器的系統及控制方法。 The invention relates to a system and a control method of an inverter, and more particularly to a system and a control method of a three-stage T-type inverter.

近年來工業的蓬勃發展，乃因馬達帶動各式各樣的負載運轉來達成自動化的目的，而馬達則是由馬達驅動系統之變頻器將直流電轉換為交流電，藉由調整交流電之頻率，進而控制馬達。然而，變頻器供電於馬達之特性將受變頻器輸出諧波成份之影響。此外，變頻器廣泛應用於生產、製造業的工業產品，隨著生產品質的要求日益提升，對於馬達的控速精度也越來越嚴格。因此，工業應用之變頻器應具備高效率、低諧波失真的能力。 In recent years, the booming development of the industry is achieved by the motor driving various loads to achieve automation. The motor uses the inverter of the motor drive system to convert DC power to AC power. By adjusting the frequency of the AC power, it can be controlled. motor. However, the characteristics of the inverter supplying power to the motor will be affected by the harmonic components of the inverter output. In addition, inverters are widely used in industrial products in production and manufacturing. As the requirements for production quality increase, the precision of speed control of motors is becoming increasingly strict. Therefore, frequency converters for industrial applications should have the capability of high efficiency and low harmonic distortion.

然而，變頻器易於複雜的自然環境(高低溫、粉塵、腐蝕)和長時間過電流工作下發生故障。而變頻器的故障可能造成巨大的經濟損失，例如鋼鐵廠生產線之馬達驅動系統發生故障以致工程延宕，其導致經濟的損失將難以估計，甚至嚴重危害操作人員的安全。 However, inverters are prone to failures in complex natural environments (high and low temperature, dust, corrosion) and long-term overcurrent operation. The failure of the inverter may cause huge economic losses, such as the failure of the motor drive system of the production line of the iron and steel plant and the project is delayed. The economic loss caused by it will be difficult to estimate and even seriously endanger the safety of the operator.

有鑑於此，如何使多階變頻器在故障時亦能正常運作，遂成相關業/學者努力的目標。 In view of this, how to make the multi-level inverter operate normally even in the event of a failure has become the goal of related industries / scholars.

本發明提供一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統，透過其電路結構的配置及容錯控制器的設置，可使三階T型變頻器具備容錯(Fault-tolerant)控制功能，而在元件發生故障時能繼續維持運轉。 The invention provides a fault-tolerant control system for a three-stage T-type inverter. Through the configuration of its circuit structure and the setting of a fault-tolerant controller, the three-stage T-type inverter can be provided with a fault-tolerant control function, Can continue to run in the event of a failure.

依據本發明之一態樣提供一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統，其包含一三階T型變頻器及一處理單元，三階T型變頻器包含一直流電壓、一第一相電路、一第二相電路、一第三相電路及一備用電路。直流電壓包含一正端點及一負端點；第一相電路包含二第一橋臂功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體(Insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)，其中一第一橋臂功率開關的一集極(collector)與正端點電性連接，前述其中一第一橋臂功率開關的一射極(emitter)與另一第一橋臂功率開關的一集極以一第一端點電性連接，前述另一第一橋臂功率開關的一射極與負端點電性連接；第二相電路包含二第二橋臂功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，其中一第二橋臂功率開關的一集極與正端點電性連接，前述其中一第二橋臂功率開關的一射極與另一第二橋臂功率開關的一集極以一第二端點電性連接，前述另一第二橋臂功率開關的一射極與負端點電性連接；第三相電路包含二第三橋臂功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，其中一第三橋臂功率開關的一集極與正端點電性連接，前述其中一第三橋臂功率開關的一射極與另一第三橋臂功率開關的一集極以一第三端點電性連接，前述另一第三橋臂功率開關的一射極與負端點電性連接。備用電路包含二備用功率開關、一第一雙向開關、一第二雙向開關及一第三雙向開關，備用功率開關為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，其中一備用功率開關的一集極與正端點電性連接，前述其中一備用功率開關的一射極與另一備用功率開關的一集極以一第四端點電性連接，前述另一備用功率開關的一射極與負端點電性連接；第一雙向開關為三極交流半導體開關元件(Triode AC，TRIAC)，第一雙向開關一端與第四端點電性連接且另一端與第一端點電性連接；第二雙向開關為三極交流半導體開關元件，第二雙向開關一端與第四端點電性連接且另一端與第二端點電性連接；第三雙向開關為三極交流半導體開關元件，第三雙向開關一端與第四端點電性連接且另一端與第三端點電性連接。處理單元電性連接三階T型變頻器且包含一容錯控制器。容錯控制器選擇性啟閉二第一橋臂功率開關、二第二橋臂功率開關、二第三橋臂功率開關及二備用功率開關。 According to an aspect of the present invention, a fault-tolerant control system for a three-stage T-type inverter is provided, which includes a three-stage T-type inverter and a processing unit. The three-stage T-type inverter includes a DC voltage and a first-phase circuit. A second-phase circuit, a third-phase circuit, and a backup circuit. The DC voltage includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal; the first phase circuit includes two first bridge arm power switches, which are gate insulated bipolar transistor (IGBT), one of which is a first A collector of the bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal. An emitter of the first bridge arm power switch is connected to a collector of the other first bridge arm power switch. The first terminal is electrically connected, and an emitter of the other first bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal. The second phase circuit includes two second bridge arm power switches, which are gate-insulated bipolar connections. Surface transistor, in which one collector of a second bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal, and one emitter of one of the second bridge arm power switches is connected to one collector of another second bridge arm power switch A second terminal is electrically connected, and an emitter of the other second bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal; the third phase circuit includes two third bridge arm power switches, which are gate-insulated double Polarity junction transistor, in which a collector of a third bridge arm power switch and a positive The terminals are electrically connected. One emitter of the third bridge arm power switch and one collector of the other third bridge arm power switch are electrically connected at a third terminal. The other third bridge arm power is electrically connected. An emitter of the switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal. The backup circuit includes two backup power switches, a first two-way switch, a second two-way switch, and a third two-way switch. The backup power switch is a gate-insulated bipolar junction transistor, and one of the backup power switches has a collector and The positive terminal is electrically connected. An emitter of one of the foregoing standby power switches is electrically connected to a collector of another standby power switch at a fourth terminal, and an emitter and the negative terminal of the other standby power switch are electrically connected. Point electrical connection; the first bidirectional switch is a triode AC semiconductor switching element (Triode AC, TRIAC), one end of the first bidirectional switch is electrically connected to the fourth terminal and the other end is electrically connected to the first terminal; the second The two-way switch is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element. One end of the second two-way switch is electrically connected to the fourth terminal and the other end is electrically connected to the second terminal. The third two-way switch is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element. One end of the switch is electrically connected to the fourth terminal and the other end is electrically connected to the third terminal. The processing unit is electrically connected to a third-order T-type inverter and includes a fault-tolerant controller. The fault-tolerant controller selectively opens and closes two first bridge arm power switches, two second bridge arm power switches, two third bridge arm power switches, and two backup power switches.

藉此，透過二備用功率開關、第一雙向開關、第二雙向開關、第三雙向開關及容錯控制器的配置，可以在二第一橋臂功率開關、二第二橋臂功率開關及二第三橋臂功率開關中任一者故障時進行容錯控制，使三階T型變頻器仍可作維持三相平衡輸出，避免危險發生。 Therefore, through the configuration of the two backup power switches, the first two-way switch, the second two-way switch, the third two-way switch, and the fault-tolerant controller, the two first bridge arm power switches, the second second bridge arm power switches, and the second The fault-tolerant control is performed when any of the three bridge arm power switches fails, so that the three-stage T-type inverter can still maintain three-phase balanced output to avoid danger.

依據本發明之另一態樣提供一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法，應用於前述之三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統，三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法包含提供一調整作業，選擇截止二第一橋臂功率開關、二第二橋臂功率開關或二第三橋臂功率開關，操作二容錯開關且選擇觸發導通第一雙向開關、第二雙向開關或第三雙向開關。其中，當任一第一橋臂功率開關為故障時，截止二第一橋臂功率開關及觸發導通第一雙向開關；當任一第二橋臂功率開關為故障時，截止二第二橋臂功率開關及觸發導通第二雙向開關；當任一第三橋臂功率開關為故障時，截止二第三橋臂功率開關及觸發導通第三雙向開關。 According to another aspect of the present invention, a fault-tolerant control method of a three-stage T-type inverter is provided, which is applied to the aforementioned fault-tolerant control system of a three-stage T-type inverter. The method of fault-tolerant control of a three-stage T-type inverter includes providing an adjustment. Operation, choose to cut off two first bridge arm power switches, two second bridge arm power switches, or two third bridge arm power switches, operate two fault-tolerant switches and choose to trigger the first two-way switch, the second two-way switch, or the third two-way switch . Wherein, when any of the first bridge arm power switches is faulty, the two first bridge arm power switches are turned off and the first two-way switch is triggered to be turned on; when any of the second bridge arm power switches is faulty, the two second bridge arms are turned off. The power switch and the trigger switch on the second two-way switch; when any third bridge arm power switch is faulty, the second and third bridge arm power switches are turned off and the third switch is turned on.

依據前述之三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法，可更包含提供一診斷作業，自二第一橋臂功率開關、二第二橋臂功率開關及二第三橋臂功率開關中判斷一故障者。其中於診斷作業中，可將第一相電路的一第一相輸出線電流、第二相電路的一第二相輸出線電流及第三相電路的一第三相輸出線電流經由快速傅立葉轉換後，擷取(m _f-1)及(m _f+1)處之特徵頻譜進行基於類小腦神經網路的故障分析，其中m _f是頻率調變指數(Frequency modulation index)。 According to the aforementioned fault-tolerant control method of the third-order T-type inverter, it may further include providing a diagnosis operation, and judging a fault from two first bridge arm power switches, two second bridge arm power switches, and two third bridge arm power switches By. In the diagnosis operation, a first phase output line current of a first phase circuit, a second phase output line current of a second phase circuit, and a third phase output line current of a third phase circuit can be converted by a fast Fourier transform. Then, the characteristic spectrums at ( m _f -1) and ( m _f +1) are extracted for fault analysis based on cerebellar-like neural network, where m _f is the Frequency modulation index.

100‧‧‧三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統 Fault-tolerant control system for 100‧‧‧three-stage T-type inverter

200‧‧‧三階T型變頻器 200‧‧‧three-stage T-type inverter

300‧‧‧處理單元 300‧‧‧ processing unit

320‧‧‧容錯控制器 320‧‧‧ Fault Tolerant Controller

330‧‧‧故障診斷器 330‧‧‧Troubleshooter

340‧‧‧快速傅立葉轉換器 340‧‧‧Fast Fourier Converter

400‧‧‧三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法 Fault-tolerant control method of 400‧‧‧three-stage T-type inverter

410、420‧‧‧步驟 410, 420‧‧‧ steps

C ₁、C ₂‧‧‧電容 C ₁ , C ₂ ‧‧‧ capacitor

i _a‧‧‧第一相輸出線電流 i _a ‧‧‧First phase output line current

i _b‧‧‧第二相輸出線電流 i _b ‧‧‧second phase output line current

i _c‧‧‧第三相輸出線電流 i _c ‧‧‧ third phase output line current

N‧‧‧負端點 N‧‧‧ negative endpoint

o‧‧‧中性點 o‧‧‧ neutral point

P‧‧‧正端點 P‧‧‧Positive endpoint

P1‧‧‧第一端點 P1‧‧‧First endpoint

P2‧‧‧第二端點 P2‧‧‧Second endpoint

P3‧‧‧第三端點 P3‧‧‧ third endpoint

P4‧‧‧第四端點 P4‧‧‧ Fourth endpoint

Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-‧‧‧第一橋臂功率開關 Sa1 ⁺ , Sa2 ^- ‧‧‧The first bridge arm power switch

Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-‧‧‧第二橋臂功率開關 Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^- ‧‧‧Second bridge arm power switch

Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-‧‧‧第三橋臂功率開關 Sc1 ⁺ , Sc2 ^- ‧‧‧ Third bridge arm power switch

Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-‧‧‧第一箝位功率電晶體 Sa2 ⁺ , Sa1 ^- ‧‧‧ First Clamp Power Transistor

Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-‧‧‧第二箝位功率電晶體 Sb2 ⁺ , Sb1 ^- ‧‧‧Second clamping power transistor

Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-‧‧‧第三箝位功率電晶體 Sc2 ⁺ , Sc1 ^- ‧‧‧Third clamp power transistor

Sx ⁺、Sx ^-‧‧‧備用功率開關 Sx ⁺ , Sx ^- ‧‧‧ Backup Power Switch

T _a‧‧‧第一雙向開關 T _a ‧‧‧The first two-way switch

T _b‧‧‧第二雙向開關 T _b ‧‧‧Second bidirectional switch

T _c‧‧‧第三雙向開關 T _c ‧‧‧ third bidirectional switch

v _ab、v _bc、v _ca‧‧‧線電壓 v _ab , v _bc , v _ca ‧‧‧ line voltage

V _dc‧‧‧直流電壓 V _dc ‧‧‧DC voltage

第1圖繪示依照本發明一實施方式之一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統的架構示意圖；第2圖繪示第1圖之三階T型變頻器的電路示意圖；第3圖繪示依照本發明另一實施方式之一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法的步驟流程圖；第4圖繪示第2圖之三階T型變頻器的一第一橋臂功率開關故障電路示意圖；第5圖繪示第4圖之三階T型變頻器的線電壓圖；第6圖繪示第2圖之三階T型變頻器的一第二橋臂功率開關故障電路示意圖；第7圖繪示第6圖之三階T型變頻器的線電壓圖；第8圖繪示第2圖之三階T型變頻器的一第三橋臂功率開關故障電路示意圖；以及第9圖繪示第8圖之三階T型變頻器的線電壓圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fault-tolerant control system of a third-order T-type inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of the third-order T-type inverter of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the steps of a fault-tolerant control method of a three-stage T-type inverter according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 shows a first bridge arm power switch fault circuit of the third-stage T-type inverter of FIG. 2 Schematic diagram; Figure 5 shows the line voltage diagram of the third-order T-type inverter in Figure 4; Figure 6 shows the schematic diagram of a second bridge arm power switch fault circuit of the third-stage T-type inverter in Figure 2; Figure 7 shows the line voltage diagram of the third-order T-type inverter in Figure 6; Figure 8 shows the schematic diagram of a third bridge arm power switch fault circuit of the third-order T-type inverter in Figure 2; and Figure 9 Draw the line voltage diagram of the third-order T-type inverter in Figure 8.

以下將參照圖式說明本發明之實施方式。為明確說明起見，許多實務上的細節將在以下敘述中一併說明。然而，閱讀者應瞭解到，這些實務上的細節不應用以限制本發明。也就是說，在本發明部分實施方式中，這些實務上的細節是非必要的。此外，為簡化圖式起見，一些習知慣用的結構與元件在圖式中將以簡單示意的方式繪示；並且重複之元件將可能使用相同的編號表示。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. For the sake of clarity, many practical details will be explained in the following description. The reader should understand, however, that these practical details should not be used to limit the invention. That is, in some embodiments of the present invention, these practical details are unnecessary. In addition, in order to simplify the drawings, some conventional structures and elements will be shown in the drawings in a simple and schematic manner; and repeated elements may be represented by the same number.

請參閱第1圖及第2圖，其中第1圖繪示依照本發明一實施方式之一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統100的架構示意圖，第2圖繪示第1圖之三階T型變頻器200的電路示意圖。三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統100包含一三階T型變頻器200及一處理單元300。 Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, wherein FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fault-tolerant control system 100 of a three-stage T-type inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 illustrates the third stage of FIG. 1 Circuit diagram of T-type inverter 200. The fault-tolerant control system 100 of the three-stage T-type inverter includes a three-stage T-type inverter 200 and a processing unit 300.

三階T型變頻器200包含一直流電壓V _dc、一第一相電路(未標示)、一第二相電路(未標示)、一第三相電路(未標示)及一備用電路(未標示)。直流電壓V _dc包含一正端點P及一負端點N；第一相電路包含二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺的一集極與正端點P電性連接，第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺的一射極與第一橋臂功率開關Sa2 ^-的一集極以一第一端點P1電性連接，第一橋臂功率開關Sa2 ^-的一射極與負端點N電性連接；第二相電路包含二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺的一集極與正端點P電性連接，第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺的一射極與第二橋臂功率開關Sb2 ^-的一集極以一第二端點P2電性連接，第二橋臂功率開關Sb2 ^-的一射極與負端點N電性連接；第三相電路包含二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺的一集極與正端點P電性連接，第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺的一射極與第三橋臂功率開關Sc2 ^-的一集極以一第三端點P3電性連接，第三橋臂功率開關Sc2 ^-的一射極與負端點N電性連接。備用電路包含二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-、一第一雙向開關T _a、一第二雙向開關T _b及一第三雙向開關T _c，備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，備用功率開關Sx ⁺的一集極與正端點P電性連接，備用功率開關Sx ⁺的一射極與備用功率開關Sx ^-的一集極以一第四端點P4電性連接，備用功率開關Sx ^-的一射極與負端點N電性連接；第一雙向開關T _a為三極交流半導體開關元件，第一雙向開關T _a一端與第四端點P4電性連接且另一端與第一端點P1電性連接；第二雙向開關T _b為三極交流半導體開關元件，第二雙向開關T _b一端與第四端點P4電性連接且另一端與第二端點P2電性連接；第三雙向開關T _c為三極交流半導體開關元件，第三雙向開關T _c一端與第四端點P4電性連接且另一端與第三端點P3電性連接。處理單元300電性連接三階T型變頻器200且包含一容錯控制器320。容錯控制器320選擇性啟閉二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-、二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-及二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-。另外，雖然第2圖中的第四端點P4看來有三點，但其在電性上是屬於同一電位點。 The three-stage T-type inverter 200 includes a _DC voltage V _dc , a first-phase circuit (not labeled), a second-phase circuit (not labeled), a third-phase circuit (not labeled), and a backup circuit (not labeled) ). The DC voltage V _dc includes a positive terminal P and a negative terminal N; the first phase circuit includes two first bridge arm power switches Sa1 ⁺ and Sa2 ⁻ , which are gate-insulated bipolar junction transistors, and the first bridge A collector of the arm power switch Sa1 ⁺ is electrically connected to the positive terminal P, and an emitter of the first bridge arm power switch Sa1 ⁺ is connected to a collector of the first bridge arm power switch Sa2 ^- to a first terminal P1. Electrically connected, one emitter of the first bridge arm power switch Sa2 ^- is electrically connected to the negative terminal N; the second phase circuit includes two second bridge arm power switches Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^- which are gate-insulated bipolar junction transistor, a second arm of a power switch Sb1 ⁺ positive terminal P and the collector is electrically connected to a second arm of a power switch Sb1 ⁺ emitter and the second arm of the power switch Sb2 ^- a set of P2 pole to a second terminal electrically connected to the second arm of the power switch Sb2 ^- an emitter and a negative terminal electrically connected to N; third phase circuit comprising two power switches of the third bridge arm Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- , Which is a gate-insulated bipolar junction transistor, a collector of the third bridge arm power switch Sc1 ⁺ is electrically connected to the positive terminal P, and a third bridge arm power switch S An emitter of c1 ⁺ is electrically connected to a collector of the third bridge arm power switch Sc2 ^- with a third terminal P3, and an emitter of the third bridge arm power switch Sc2 ^- is electrically connected to the negative terminal N. . Standby circuit comprises two backup power switches Sx ^+, Sx ^-, a first bidirectional switch T _a, T _b a second bidirectional switch, and a third bidirectional switch T _c, backup power switch Sx ^+, Sx ^- for the gate insulating bis Polarity junction transistor, a collector of the standby power switch Sx ⁺ is electrically connected to the positive terminal P, an emitter of the standby power switch Sx ⁺ and a collector of the standby power switch Sx ^- are connected to a fourth terminal P4 Electrically connected, one emitter of the standby power switch Sx ^- is electrically connected to the negative terminal N; the first bidirectional switch T _a is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element, and one end of the first bidirectional switch T _{a is} electrically connected to the fourth terminal P4. The second bidirectional switch T _b is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element, one end of the second bidirectional switch T _{b is} electrically connected to the fourth terminal P4 and the other end is electrically connected to the first terminal P1. The two terminals P2 are electrically connected; the third bidirectional switch T _c is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element, one end of the third bidirectional switch T _{c is} electrically connected to the fourth terminal P4 and the other end is electrically connected to the third terminal P3 . The processing unit 300 is electrically connected to the three-stage T-type inverter 200 and includes a fault-tolerant controller 320. Fault tolerant controller 320 selectively opening and closing the first bridge arm two power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^-, two power switches of the third bridge arm Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- and two standby power switch Sx ^+, Sx ^-. In addition, although the fourth terminal point P4 in FIG. 2 appears to have three points, it is electrically at the same potential point.

藉此，透過二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-、第一雙向開關T _a、第二雙向開關T _b、第三雙向開關T _c及容錯控制器320的配置，可以在二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-中任一者故障時進行容錯控制，使三階T型變頻器200仍可維持三相平衡輸出，避免危險發生。 Whereby, through two backup power switch Sx ^+, Sx ^-, a first bidirectional switch T _a, the second bidirectional switch T _b, T _c, and the third bidirectional switch configuration tolerant controller 320 may power two first arm switch Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm and two power switches Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- when any one of the fault tolerant control the third-order inverter 200 T The three-phase balanced output can still be maintained to avoid danger.

上述的第一相即a相，第二相即b相，第三相即c相，而三階T型變頻器200更可包含二電容C ₁、C ₂，電容C ₁的一上端與正端點P電性連接，電容C ₁的一下端以一中性點o與另一電容C ₂的一上端電性連接，電容C ₂的一下端與負端點N電性連接。且第一相電路更包含二第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-，第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺的一集極與中性點o電性連接，第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺的一射極與第一箝位功率電晶體Sa1 ^-的一射極電性連接，第一箝位功率電晶體Sa1 ^-的一集極與第一端點P1電性連接；第二相電路更包含二第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-，第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺的一集極與中性點o電性連接，第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺的一射極與第二箝位功率電晶體Sb1 ^-的一射極電性連接，第二箝位功率電晶體Sb1 ^-的一集極與第二端點P2電性連接；第三相電路更包含二第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-，第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺的一集極與中性點o電性連接，第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺的一射極與第三箝位功率電晶體Sc1 ^-的一射極電性連接，第三箝位功率電晶體Sc1 ^-的一集極與第三端點P3電性連接。也就是說，二第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-彼此共射串聯，二第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-彼此共射串聯，二第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-彼此共射串聯。 The first phase is a phase, the second phase is b phase, and the third phase is c phase. The third-order T-type inverter 200 may further include two capacitors C ₁ and C _2. One upper end of the capacitor C ₁ and the positive end point P It is electrically connected, at _one end of the capacitor C to a neutral point o and a further capacitor C ₂ electrically connected to the upper end, a lower end connected to the capacitor C ₂ and the negative terminal N electrically. Moreover, the first phase circuit further includes two first clamped power transistors Sa2 ⁺ and Sa1 ⁻ , a collector of the first clamped power transistor Sa2 ⁺ is electrically connected to the neutral point o, and the first clamped power transistor is electrically connected. Sa2 ⁺ emitter of a power transistor and a first clamping Sa1 ^- an emitter electrically connected to the first clamping power transistor Sa1 ^- a collector electrode electrically connected to a first terminal P1; a second phase a second clamping circuit further comprises two power transistor Sb2 ^+, Sb1 ^-, a second clamping power transistor Sb2 and a collector electrically connected to the neutral point o ^+, the second clamp power transistor Sb2 ⁺ a and a second clamp emitter power transistor Sb1 ^- an emitter electrically connected to a second clamping power transistor Sb1 ^- a collector electrode of the second terminal P2 is electrically connected; third phase circuit further comprises two A collector of the third clamp power transistor Sc2 ⁺ , Sc1 ⁻ , a collector of the third clamp power transistor Sc2 ⁺ is electrically connected to the neutral point o, and an emitter of the third clamp power transistor Sc2 ⁺ and the first An emitter of the three-clamped power transistor Sc1 ^- is electrically connected, and a collector of the third-clamped power transistor Sc1 ^- is electrically connected to the third terminal P3. That is, two first clamped power transistors Sa2 ⁺ , Sa1 ⁻ are radiated in series with each other, two second clamped power transistors Sb2 ⁺ , Sb1 ⁻ are radiated in series with each other, and two third clamped power transistors Sc2 ⁺ , Sc1 ^- cascade with each other.

三階T型變頻器200利用二第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-、二第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-及二第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-達到中性點o的電壓箝位功能，而使輸出電壓具有三種變化。 , Two second clamping power transistor Sb2 ^+, Sb1 ^{^- -} third and two clamp power transistor Sc2 ^+, Sc1 ^- T third-order inverter 200 ^+, Sa1 Sa2 by using two power transistor reaches a first clamp The voltage clamping function of the neutral point o makes the output voltage have three variations.

在控制上，容錯控制器320提供調變信號以控制二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-、二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-及二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-的啟閉，本實施例中使用正弦脈波寬度調變(Sinusoidal pulse width modulation，SPWM)策略，正弦脈波寬度調變利用正弦波參考電壓與三角載波信號相互比較後，產生調變信號。三角載波信號分為v _{tri_1}與v _{tri_2}，其中v _{tri_1}為正電壓側的三角載波信號，其中v _{tri_2}為負電壓側的三角載波信號；正弦波參考電壓則分為用於第一相電路的第一正弦波參考電壓v _{sin_a}，用於第二相電路的第二正弦波參考電壓v _{sin_b}及用於第三相電路的第三正弦波參考電壓v _{sin_c}，而v _{sin_a}=m_asin(θ)，v _{sin_b}=m_asin(θ-120°)及v _{sin_c}=m_asin(θ-240°)，其中θ代表相角，其介於0至360°之間，m_a為調變指標(Modulation index)，且m_a=V_sin/V_tri，V_tri表示三角波振幅，V_sin則為正弦波之振幅。 On the control, the controller 320 provides fault-tolerant modulation signal to control the two first bridge power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^-, two power switches of the third bridge arm Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- and two standby power switches Sx ⁺ , Sx ^- are turned on and off. In this embodiment, a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) strategy is used. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation uses a sinusoidal reference voltage and a triangle. After the carrier signals are compared with each other, a modulation signal is generated. The triangular carrier signal is divided into v _{tri_1} and v _{tri_2} , where v _{tri_1} is a triangular carrier signal on the positive voltage side, where v _{tri_2} is a triangular carrier signal on the negative voltage side; the sine wave reference voltage is divided into the first A sine wave reference voltage v _{sin_ a} , a second sine wave reference voltage v _{sin_ b} for the second phase circuit, and a third sine wave reference voltage v _{sin_ c} for the third phase circuit, and v _{sin_ a} = m _a _{sin (θ), v sin_b =} m a sin (θ-120 °) and _{_{v sin_c = m a sin (θ}} -240 °), where representative of the phase angle [theta], which is between 0 and 360 °, m _a is Modulation index, and m _a = V _sin / V _tri , where V _tri is the triangle wave amplitude, and V _sin is the amplitude of the sine wave.

因此，當第一正弦波參考電壓v _{sin_a}大於三角載波信號v _{tri_1}(v _{sin_a}>v _{tri_1})時，觸發導通第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺及第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺，截止第一橋臂功率開關Sa2 ^-及第一箝位功率電晶體Sa1 ^-，第一端點P1(即第一相輸出)的相電壓v _ao=+1/2 V _dc；若第一正弦波參考電壓v _{sin_a}介於三角載波信號v _{tri_1}及v _{tri_2}之間(v _{tri_1}>v _{sin_a}>v _{tri_2})，觸發導通第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-，截止第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-，第一端點P1的電壓v _ao為0；若第一正弦波參考電壓v _{sin_a}小於三角載波信號v _{tri_2}(v _{sin_a}<v _{tri_2})，觸發導通第一箝位功率電晶體Sa1 ^-及第一橋臂功率開關Sa2 ^-，截止第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺及第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺，則第一端點P1的相電壓 v _ao=-1/2 V _dc。第二端點P2(即第二相輸出)的相電壓及第三端點P3(即第三相輸出)的相電壓的原理與第一端點P1的相電壓v _ao類似，不再贅述。此外，第一端點P1與第二端點P2之間具有線電壓v _ab，第二端點P2與第三端點P3之間具有線電壓v _bc，第一端點P1與第三端點P3之間具有線電壓v _ca。 Therefore, when the first sine wave reference voltage v _{sin_ a is} greater than the triangular carrier signal v _{tri_1} ( v _{sin_ a} > v _{tri_1} ), the first bridge arm power switch Sa1 ⁺ and the first clamp power transistor Sa2 ^{+ are} turned on and turned off. the first bridge arm power switch Sa2 ^- a first clamp and a power transistor Sa1 ^-, v-phase voltage of the first terminal P1 (i.e., a first phase output) _{_{ao = + 1/2 V dc}} ; if the first sine wave reference The voltage v _{sin_ a is} between the triangular carrier signals v _{tri_1} and v _{tri_2} ( v _{tri_1} > v _{sin_ a} > v _{tri_2} ), which triggers the first clamp power transistors Sa2 ⁺ and Sa1 ^{-to be} turned off, and the first bridge arm power switch is turned off Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, the first terminal P1 is the voltage v _ao is 0; if the first _v sin_ _a sine wave reference voltage is less than the triangular carrier signal _{_{v tri_2 (v sin_ a <v}} tri_2), triggered power is turned on first clamp transistor Sa1 ^- a first arm and a power switch Sa2 ^-, turning off the first power switch Sa1 ⁺ bridge arm and the first clamp power transistor Sa2 ^+, the v-phase voltage of the first terminal P1 _ao = -1 / 2 V _dc . The principle of the phase voltage of the second terminal P2 (that is, the second phase output) and the phase voltage of the third terminal P3 (that is, the third phase output) are similar to the phase voltage v _{ao of the} first terminal P1 and are not described again. In addition, there is a line voltage v _ab between the first terminal P1 and the second terminal P2, a line voltage v _bc between the second terminal P2 and the third terminal P3, and the first terminal P1 and the third terminal There is a line voltage v _ca between P3.

請參閱第3圖，第3圖繪示依照本發明另一實施方式之一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法400的步驟流程圖。為了避免危險發生，三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法400可以在二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-中任一者故障時進行容錯控制。其中二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-組成備用臂，當二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-中任一者故障時，用來取代故障相以維持電路正常作動，而第一雙向開關T _a、第二雙向開關T _b、第三雙向開關T _c則為連結開關，做為備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-與二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-或二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-的替換橋樑，功用乃當故障發生時，將備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-與第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-中之故障者連接，使備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-得以取代第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-中之故障者以達到容錯之目的。此外，其亦具有快速切換之特性以及較低之價格優點。 Please refer to FIG. 3, which illustrates a flowchart of steps of a fault-tolerant control method 400 of a three-stage T-type inverter according to another embodiment of the present invention. To avoid the danger, fault tolerant control method of the third-order T of the inverter 400 may be a first bridge arm in the second power switch Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm and the power switch Sc1 ⁺ or Sc2 ^- perform fault-tolerant control when a fault occurs. Wherein two backup power switches Sx ^+, Sx ^- composition backup arm, the first arm when the two power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm and the power switch Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^-When any one of the faults is used, it is used to replace the faulty phase to maintain the normal operation of the circuit, and the first two-way switch T _a , the second two-way switch T _b , and the third two-way switch T _c are connection switches, which are used as backup power. switch Sx ^+, Sx ^- a first arm with two power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm or two power switches Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- replacement bridge function is the event of a fault, the backup power switch Sx ^+, Sx ^- with the first bridge power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm and the power switch Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- those connected to the failure of the backup power switch Sx ^+, Sx ^- a first bridge arm is substituted power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm and the power switch Sc1 ⁺ , Sc2 ^- to achieve fault tolerance. In addition, it also has the characteristics of fast switching and lower price advantages.

因此，三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法400包含步驟420，步驟420提供一調整作業，選擇截止二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-或二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-，操作二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx且選擇觸發導通第一雙向開關T _a、第二雙向開關T _b或第三雙向開關T _c。其中，當任一第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-為故障時，截止二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-及觸發導通第一雙向開關T _a；當任一第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-為故障時，截止二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及觸發導通第二雙向開關T _b；當任一第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-為故障時，截止二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-及觸發導通第三雙向開關T _c。 Thus, the third-order T-tolerant control of the inverter 400 comprises step 420, step 420 provides an adjustment operation, select two first arm off the power switch Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- third bridge arm or two power switches Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^-, two backup power operation switch Sx ^+, Sx and the selection triggering a first bidirectional switch is turned on T _a, T _b of the second bidirectional switch or the third bidirectional switch T _c. Wherein, when any of the first bridge arm power switches Sa1 ⁺ , Sa2 ⁻ is faulty, the two first bridge arm power switches Sa1 ⁺ , Sa2 ^{− are} turned off, and the first bidirectional switch T _{a is} turned on by triggering; When the power switches Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^- are faults, the second bridge arm power switches Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^-are turned off and the second bidirectional switch T _{b is} turned on; when any third bridge arm power switches Sc1 ⁺ , Sc2 ^- are faults At this time, the second and third bridge arm power switches Sc1 ⁺ , Sc2 ^{− are} turned off, and the third bidirectional switch T _{c is} turned on.

請參閱第4圖及第5圖，第4圖繪示第2圖之三階T型變頻器200的一第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺故障電路示意圖，第5圖繪示第4圖之三階T型變頻器200的線電壓圖。 Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first bridge arm power switch Sa1 ⁺ fault circuit of the third-order T-type inverter 200 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 shows the third of FIG. 4. Line voltage diagram of the step T-type inverter 200.

如第4圖所示，當第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺發生開路故障時，需將第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-截止，而二第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-、二第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-、二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-及二第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-仍做正常開關切換，並將第一雙向開關T _a觸發導通以使二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-取代第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-，以維持輸出電壓三相平衡。 As shown in FIG. 4, when the first bridge power switches Sa1 ⁺ open fault occurs, the need to first bridge power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^- off, while the second clamp a first power transistor Sa2 ^+, Sa1 ^- , two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^-, two second clamping power transistor Sb2 ^+, Sb1 ^-, two power switches of the third bridge arm Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- third and two power transistor clamp Sc2 ⁺ , Sc1 ^- still do normal switching, and trigger the first bidirectional switch T _{a to} turn on the two standby power switches Sx ⁺ , Sx ^- instead of the first bridge arm power switches Sa1 ⁺ , Sa2 ^- to maintain the output voltage three-phase balance.

如第5圖所示，當三階T型變頻器200正常時，線電壓v _ab、v _bc、v _ca正常輸出，而第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺發生開路故障時出現異常，在進行容錯控制後可以回復三相平衡的狀態。 As shown in Figure 5, when the third-order T-type inverter 200 is normal, the line voltages v _ab , v _bc , and v _{ca are} normally output, and the first bridge arm power switch Sa1 ⁺ is abnormal when an open circuit fault occurs, and fault tolerance is being performed. After control, the three-phase balance can be restored.

請參閱第6圖及第7圖，第6圖繪示第2圖之三階T型變頻器200的一第二橋臂功率開關Sb2 ^-故障電路示意圖，第7圖繪示第6圖之三階T型變頻器200的線電壓圖。 Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. FIG. 6 shows a second bridge arm power switch Sb2 of the third-order T-type inverter 200 of FIG. 2 ^-a fault circuit diagram, and FIG. 7 shows FIG. 6 ter Line voltage diagram of the step T-type inverter 200.

如第6圖所示，當第二橋臂功率開關Sb2 ^-發生開路故障時，需將二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-截止，而二第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-、二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-、二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-及二第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-仍做正常開關切換，並將第二雙向開關T _b觸發導通以使二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-取代第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-，以維持輸出電壓三相平衡。 As shown in Figure 6, when the second bridge arm power switch Sb2 ^- an open-circuit fault occurs, the second and second bridge arm power switches Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^- need to be turned off, and the second and second clamp power transistors Sb2 ⁺ , Sb1 ^-, two first bridge power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two first clamping power transistor Sa2 ^+, Sa1 ^-, two power switches of the third bridge arm Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- third and two clamp power transistor Sc2 ⁺ , Sc1 ^- still do normal switching, and trigger the second bidirectional switch T _{b to} turn on the two standby power switches Sx ⁺ , Sx ^- instead of the second bridge arm power switches Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^- to maintain the output voltage three Phase equilibrium.

如第7圖所示，當三階T型變頻器200正常時，線電壓v _ab、v _bc、v _ca正常輸出，而第二橋臂功率開關Sb2 ^-發生開路故障時出現異常，在進行容錯控制後可以回復三相平衡的狀態。 As shown in Figure 7, when the three-stage T-type inverter 200 is normal, the line voltages v _ab , v _bc , and v _{ca are} normally output, and the second bridge arm power switch Sb2 ^- an abnormality occurs when an open circuit fault occurs, and fault tolerance is being performed. After control, the three-phase balance can be restored.

請參閱第8圖及第9圖，第8圖繪示第2圖之三階T型變頻器200的一第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺故障電路示意圖，第9圖繪示第8圖之三階T型變頻器200的線電壓圖。 Please refer to FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a third bridge arm power switch Sc1 ⁺ fault circuit of the third-order T-type inverter 200 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 9 shows the third part of FIG. 8. Line voltage diagram of the step T-type inverter 200.

如第8圖所示，當第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺發生開路故障時，需將二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-截止，而二第三箝位功率電晶體Sc2 ⁺、Sc1 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-、二第二箝位功率電晶體Sb2 ⁺、Sb1 ^-、二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-及二第一箝位功率電晶體Sa2 ⁺、Sa1 ^-仍做正常開關切換，並將第三雙向開關T _c觸發導通以使二備用功率開關Sx ⁺、Sx ^-取代第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-，以維持輸出電壓三相平衡。 As shown in Figure 8, when the third bridge arm power switch Sc1 ⁺ has an open-circuit fault, the second and third bridge arm power switches Sc1 ⁺ and Sc2 ^- must be turned off, and the second and third clamp power transistors Sc2 ⁺ and Sc1 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^-, two second clamping power transistor Sb2 ^+, Sb1 ^-, two first bridge power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^- a first clamp and two power transistor Sa2 ⁺ , Sa1 ^- still do normal switching, and trigger the third bidirectional switch T _{c to} turn on the two standby power switches Sx ⁺ , Sx ^- instead of the third bridge arm power switches Sc1 ⁺ , Sc2 ^- to maintain the output voltage three Phase equilibrium.

如第9圖所示，當三階T型變頻器200正常時，線電壓v _ab、v _bc、v _ca正常輸出，而第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺發生開路故障時出現異常，在進行容錯控制後可以回復三相平衡的狀態。 As shown in Figure 9, when the third-order T-type inverter 200 is normal, the line voltages v _ab , v _bc , and v _{ca are} normally output, and the third bridge arm power switch Sc1 ⁺ is abnormal when an open-circuit fault occurs. After control, the three-phase balance can be restored.

請復參閱第1圖，在本實施例中，處理單元300可更包含一快速傅立葉轉換器340及一故障診斷器330，快速傅立葉轉換器340將第一相輸出線電流i _a、第二相輸出線電流i _b及第三相輸出線電流i _c進行分析，而故障診斷器330訊號連接快速傅立葉轉換器340與容錯控制器320，故可以透過快速傅立葉轉換器340的分析資料找出三階T型變頻器200的故障位置。 Please refer to FIG. 1 again. In this embodiment, the processing unit 300 may further include a fast Fourier converter 340 and a fault detector 330. The fast Fourier converter 340 outputs the first phase output line current i _a and the second phase The output line current i _b and the third-phase output line current i _c are analyzed, and the fault diagnosis device 330 signal is connected to the fast Fourier converter 340 and the fault-tolerant controller 320. Therefore, the third order can be found through the analysis data of the fast Fourier converter 340 Fault location of T-type inverter 200.

是以三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法400更可包含一步驟410，自二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-或二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-中判斷一故障者。而在步驟410的診斷作業中，是將第一相電路的第一相輸出線電流i _a、第二相電路的第二相輸出線電流i _b及第三相電路的第三相輸出線電流i _c經由快速傅立葉轉換後，擷取(m _f-1)及(m _f+1)處之特徵頻譜進行故障分析，其中m _f是頻率調變指數(Frequency modulation index)，如式(1)所示： f _tri為三角載波信號之頻率；而f _sin為正弦波參考電壓之頻率，即三階T型變頻器200之工作頻率。 T is a third order tolerant control method of the inverter 400 may further comprise a step 410, a first bridge arm from the two power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ^+, Sb2 ^- or di third power switch arm Sc1 ^+, Sc2 ^- is determined by a fault. In the diagnosis operation of step 410, the first-phase output line current i _a of the first-phase circuit, the second-phase output line current i _b of the second-phase circuit, and the third-phase output line current of the third-phase circuit are changed. After the fast Fourier transform of i _c , the characteristic spectrums at ( m _f -1) and ( m _f +1) are captured for fault analysis, where m _f is the Frequency modulation index, as shown in equation (1) As shown: f _tri is the frequency of the triangular carrier signal; and f _sin is the frequency of the sine wave reference voltage, that is, the operating frequency of the third-order T-type inverter 200.

快速傅立葉轉換器340已內建快速傅立葉轉換方法，故障診斷器330中已建立基於類小腦神經網路演算法的故障診斷方法，其是將第一相輸出線電流i _a、第二相電路的第二相輸出線電流i _b及第三相電路的第三相輸出線電流i _c特徵頻譜(m _f-1)及(m _f+1)處之電壓及兩者之差值作為類小腦神經網路之輸入訊號，建立其中之關聯性以作為類小腦神經網路之訓練依據，藉以辨識出發生故障位置，且依二第一橋臂功率開關Sa1 ⁺、Sa2 ^-、二第二橋臂功率開關Sb1 ⁺、Sb2 ^-及二第三橋臂功率開關Sc1 ⁺、Sc2 ^-等區分為六種故障類別，就三階T型變頻器200之工作頻率在20~90Hz範圍中擷取六種不同開關故障下之648筆資料，並分為432筆訓練資料(Training Data)及216筆測試資料(Test Data)，將資料經由建立之類小腦神經網路訓練模型的計算後，可得其屬於不同開關故障類別的權重值。 The fast Fourier converter 340 has a built-in fast Fourier transform method, and a fault diagnosis method based on a cerebellar-like neural network algorithm has been established in the fault diagnosing device 330, which is a first phase output line current i _a and a second phase circuit. The two-phase output line current i _b and the third-phase output line current i _{c of the} third-phase circuit are characterized by the voltages at the characteristic spectra ( m _f -1) and ( m _f +1) and their differences as cerebellar-like neural networks. the input signal path, wherein the association of the training as a basis for the network-based cerebellum, thereby identifying the fault location, and the first arm by two power switches Sa1 ^+, Sa2 ^-, two second bridge arm power switch Sb1 ⁺ , Sb2 ^- and the second and third bridge arm power switches Sc1 ⁺ , Sc2 ^- are divided into six types of faults. The working frequency of the third-order T-type inverter 200 is used to capture six different switch faults in the range of 20 ~ 90Hz. The following 648 data are divided into 432 training data and 216 test data. After calculating the data through a cerebellar neural network training model such as the established one, it can be found that they belong to different switching faults. The weight value of the category.

在經由類小腦神經網路之訓練後，即可進行故障類別診斷，其診斷步驟為：(1)讀取訓練完成之類小腦神經網路的權重值；(2)讀取測試資料樣本；(3)將資料進行量化、編碼組合、分群及激發位址之編碼；(4)將激發位址內之權重值加總後產生輸出；(5)判斷輸出之權重值，其權重值愈接近1者，代表發生此故障類別之機率愈高；以及(6)輸出故障診斷之結果。 After training through the cerebellar-like neural network, fault category diagnosis can be performed. The diagnostic steps are: (1) read the weight value of the cerebellar neural network after training is completed; (2) read the test data sample; ( 3) Quantify the data, code the combination, grouping and encoding of the excitation address; (4) add the weight values in the excitation address to generate the output; (5) judge the output weight value, the closer the weight value is to 1 Or, the higher the probability of occurrence of this fault category; and (6) output the result of fault diagnosis.

透過上述的快速傅立葉轉換及基於類小腦神經網路演算法的故障診斷方法可準確找出三階T型變頻器200的故障位置，但故障診斷的方法亦可以是其他診斷方式，不以上述揭露為限。 Through the above-mentioned fast Fourier transform and fault diagnosis method based on cerebellar-like neural network algorithm, the fault location of the third-order T-type inverter 200 can be accurately found, but the fault diagnosis method can also be other diagnosis methods, and the above disclosure is not used as limit.

雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and retouches without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection of the present invention The scope shall be determined by the scope of the attached patent application.

Claims

一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統，包含：一三階T型變頻器，包含：一直流電壓，包含一正端點及一負端點；第一相電路，包含：二第一橋臂功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體(Insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)，其中一該第一橋臂功率開關的一集極(collector)與該正端點電性連接，該其中一第一橋臂功率開關的一射極(emitter)與另一該第一橋臂功率開關的一集極以一第一端點電性連接，該另一第一橋臂功率開關的一射極與該負端點電性連接；第二相電路，包含：二第二橋臂功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，其中一該第二橋臂功率開關的一集極與該正端點電性連接，該其中一第二橋臂功率開關的一射極與另一該第二橋臂功率開關的一集極以一第二端點電性連接，該另一第二橋臂功率開關的一射極與該負端點電性連接；第三相電路，包含：二第三橋臂功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，其中一該第三橋臂功率開關的一集極與該正端點電性連接，該其中一第三橋臂功率開關的一射極與另一該第三橋臂功率開關的一集極以一第三端點電性連接，該另一第三橋臂功率開關的一射極與該負端點電性連接；及一備用電路，包含：二備用功率開關，其為閘極絕緣雙極性接面電晶體，其中一該備用功率開關的一集極與該正端點電性連接，該其中一備用功率開關的一射極與另一該備用功率開關的一集極以一第四端點電性連接，該另一備用功率開關的一射極與該負端點電性連接；一第一雙向開關，其為三極交流半導體開關元件(Triode AC，TRIAC)，該第一雙向開關一端與該第四端點電性連接且另一端與該第一端點電性連接；一第二雙向開關，其為三極交流半導體開關元件，該第二雙向開關一端與該第四端點電性連接且另一端與該第二端點電性連接；及一第三雙向開關，其為三極交流半導體開關元件，該第三雙向開關一端與該第四端點電性連接且另一端與該第三端點電性連接；以及一處理單元，電性連接該三階T型變頻器，該處理單元包含：一容錯控制器，選擇性啟閉二該第一橋臂功率開關、二該第二橋臂功率開關、二該第三橋臂功率開關及二該備用功率開關。 A fault-tolerant control system for a three-stage T-type inverter includes: a three-stage T-type inverter including: a DC voltage including a positive terminal and a negative terminal; a first-phase circuit including: two first bridges Arm power switch, which is an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). A collector of the first bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal. An emitter of one of the first bridge arm power switches is electrically connected to a collector of the other first bridge arm power switch at a first terminal, and one of the other first bridge arm power switch is The emitter is electrically connected to the negative terminal; the second phase circuit includes: two second bridge arm power switches, which are gate-insulated bipolar junction transistors, one of which is a set of the second bridge arm power switch And an emitter of one of the second bridge arm power switches is electrically connected to a collector of another second bridge arm power switch with a second terminal, and the other An emitter of the second bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal; the third phase circuit includes Two third bridge arm power switches, which are gate-insulated bipolar junction transistors. One of the collectors of the third bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal, and one of the third bridge arm power switches. An emitter of the switch is electrically connected to a collector of another third bridge arm power switch with a third terminal, and an emitter of the other third bridge arm power switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal. And a backup circuit, comprising: two backup power switches, which are gate-insulated bipolar junction transistors, wherein one collector of the backup power switch is electrically connected to the positive terminal, and one of the backup power switches An emitter of is electrically connected to a collector of another standby power switch with a fourth terminal, and an emitter of the other standby power switch is electrically connected to the negative terminal; a first bidirectional switch, It is a tripolar AC semiconductor switching element (Triode AC, TRIAC), one end of the first bidirectional switch is electrically connected to the fourth terminal and the other end is electrically connected to the first terminal; a second bidirectional switch, which It is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element. The fourth terminal is electrically connected and the other end is electrically connected to the second terminal; and a third bidirectional switch is a three-pole AC semiconductor switching element, and one end of the third bidirectional switch is electrically connected to the fourth terminal. Connected and the other end is electrically connected to the third end; and a processing unit electrically connected to the third-order T-type inverter, the processing unit includes: a fault-tolerant controller, selectively opening and closing the first bridge arm A power switch, two the second bridge arm power switch, two the third bridge arm power switch, and two the backup power switch.

一種三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法，應用於如申請專利範圍第1項所述之三階T型變頻器之容錯控制系統，該三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法包含：提供一調整作業，選擇截止二該第一橋臂功率開關、二該第二橋臂功率開關或二該第三橋臂功率開關，操作二該容錯開關且選擇觸發導通該第一雙向開關、該第二雙向開關或該第三雙向開關，其中，當任一該第一橋臂功率開關為故障時，截止二該第一橋臂功率開關及觸發導通該第一雙向開關；當任一該第二橋臂功率開關為故障時，截止二該第二橋臂功率開關及觸發導通該第二雙向開關；及當任一該第三橋臂功率開關為故障時，截止二該第三橋臂功率開關及觸發導通該第三雙向開關。 A fault-tolerant control method of a three-stage T-type inverter is applied to the fault-tolerant control system of a three-stage T-type inverter as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application. For the adjustment operation, choose to cut off two of the first bridge arm power switch, two of the second bridge arm power switch, or two of the third bridge arm power switch, operate two of the fault-tolerant switches and choose to trigger the first bidirectional switch, the second The two-way switch or the third two-way switch, wherein when any one of the first bridge arm power switches is faulty, two of the first bridge arm power switches are turned off and the first two-way switch is triggered to be turned on; When the arm power switch is faulty, the second bridge arm power switch is turned off and the second bidirectional switch is triggered to be turned on; and when any of the third bridge arm power switch is faulty, the third bridge arm power switch and The trigger turns on the third bidirectional switch.

如申請專利範圍第2項所述之三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法，更包含提供一診斷作業，自二該第一橋臂功率開關、二該第二橋臂功率開關及二該第三橋臂功率開關中判斷一故障者。 According to the fault-tolerant control method of the third-order T-type inverter described in item 2 of the scope of the patent application, the method further includes providing a diagnostic operation, including the first bridge arm power switch, the second bridge arm power switch, and the second bridge arm power switch. A fault is identified in the three-bridge power switch.

如申請專利範圍第3項所述之三階T型變頻器之容錯控制方法，其中於該診斷作業中，將該第一相電路的一第一相輸出線電流、該第二相電路的一第二相輸出線電流及該第三相電路的一第三相輸出線電流經由快速傅立葉轉換後，擷取( m _f-1)及( m _f+1)處之特徵頻譜進行基於類小腦神經網路的故障分析，其中 m _f是頻率調變指數(Frequency modulation index)。 According to the fault-tolerant control method of the third-order T-type inverter as described in item 3 of the scope of patent application, in the diagnosis, a first-phase output line current of the first-phase circuit, a After the second-phase output line current and a third-phase output line current of the third-phase circuit are subjected to fast Fourier transform, the characteristic spectrums at ( m _f -1) and ( m _f +1) are extracted for cerebellar-like nerve-based Fault analysis of the network, where m _f is the Frequency modulation index.