TW201439608A - Image display device - Google Patents

Image display device Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201439608A
TW201439608A TW103103997A TW103103997A TW201439608A TW 201439608 A TW201439608 A TW 201439608A TW 103103997 A TW103103997 A TW 103103997A TW 103103997 A TW103103997 A TW 103103997A TW 201439608 A TW201439608 A TW 201439608A
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Taiwan
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film
layer
alignment
resin
hysteresis
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TW103103997A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI547726B (en
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Yasushi Sasaki
Harunobu Kuroiwa
Yukinobu Mukoyama
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Toyo Boseki
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13338—Input devices, e.g. touch panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/40—Materials having a particular birefringence, retardation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an image display device having improved visibility. The image display device (1) pertaining to the present invention has a white light source (2) having a continuous light emission spectrum, an image display cell (4), a polarizer disposed on a viewing side from the image display cell (4), and two alignment films having a retardation of 3,000 nm to 150,000 nm on the viewing side from the polarizer, the principal axes of alignment of the two alignment films being substantially parallel to each other, or the two alignment films having a different retardation from each other, the difference thereof being at least 1800 nm.

Description

影像顯示裝置 Image display device

本發明係有關於影像顯示裝置。 The present invention relates to an image display device.

影像顯示裝置係於行動電話、平板終端、個人電腦、電視、PDA、電子字典、汽車導航系統、音樂播放器、數位相機、數位攝影機等廣泛付諸使用。隨著影像顯示裝置之小型化、輕量化的進展，其利用已不限於辦公室或室內，亦擴及室外及車或電車等的移動中之利用。 The image display device is widely used in mobile phones, tablet terminals, personal computers, televisions, PDAs, electronic dictionaries, car navigation systems, music players, digital cameras, digital cameras, and the like. With the progress of miniaturization and weight reduction of the video display device, the use of the video display device is not limited to the office or the indoors, and is also extended to the use of outdoor, car, or electric vehicles.

其中，經由太陽眼鏡等偏光濾光片觀測影像顯示裝置的機會增加。關於此點，專利文獻1中報導「在液晶顯示裝置之觀測側的偏光板之觀測側使用遲滯小於3000nm的高分子薄膜的情況下，通過偏光板觀察螢幕時出現強干涉色」的問題。而且，專利文獻1中記載，作為解決前述問題之手段，使觀測側的偏光板之觀測側所使用的高分子薄膜之遲滯成為3000~30000nm。 Among them, the chance of observing an image display device via a polarizing filter such as sunglasses increases. In this regard, in the case of using a polymer film having a hysteresis of less than 3000 nm on the observation side of the polarizing plate on the observation side of the liquid crystal display device, there is a problem in that a strong interference color occurs when the screen is observed through the polarizing plate. Further, in Patent Document 1, as a means for solving the above problem, the hysteresis of the polymer film used on the observation side of the polarizing plate on the observation side is 3,000 to 30,000 nm.

[先前技術文獻] [Previous Technical Literature] [專利文獻] [Patent Literature]

[專利文獻1]WO2011/058774 [Patent Document 1] WO2011/058774

本發明人等針對如上述方法之影像顯示裝置的實用性進一步重複加以研究的結果發現，當使用1片遲滯值控制為一定以上的配向薄膜時，縱使未發生虹斑等的色調雜亂，而當使用2片此種配向薄膜時，視情況仍會發生明顯的虹斑等的色調雜亂。從而，本發明係以解決此種問題，而提供一種辨視性獲改善的影像顯示裝置為目的。 The inventors of the present invention have further studied the practicality of the image display device according to the above method, and found that when one alignment film having a hysteresis value of a certain value or more is used, even if a hue of rainbow spots or the like does not occur, When two such alignment films are used, a noticeable hue of rainbow spots or the like may occur as the case may be. Accordingly, the present invention has been made in an effort to solve such a problem and to provide an image display apparatus with improved visibility.

本發明人等為解決上述問題而日夜重複研究的結果發現，當2片配向薄膜之配向主軸彼此未平行時上述現象甚為顯著；及藉由於2片配向薄膜之遲滯設有差值，即使2片配向薄膜之配向主軸非平行時，仍可抑制虹斑等的色調雜亂。本發明人等茲依據此種見解進一步重複多次研究與改良，終至完成本發明。 As a result of repeated studies day and night to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above phenomenon is remarkable when the alignment axes of the two alignment films are not parallel to each other; and that the difference is caused by the hysteresis of the two alignment films, even 2 When the alignment axes of the film alignment films are non-parallel, the hue of rainbow spots and the like can be suppressed. The present inventors have further repeated studies and improvements based on such findings, and have completed the present invention.

代表性之本發明如下： Representative inventions are as follows:

項1. Item 1.

一種影像顯示裝置，其具有：(1)具有連續發光光譜的白色光源；(2)影像顯示單元；(3)配置於前述影像顯示單元之觀測側的偏光膜；及(4)在前述偏光膜之觀測側之具有3000nm以上150000nm以下之遲滯的配向薄膜2片；前述2片配向薄膜，彼等之配向主軸彼此略呈平行、或具有彼此相異之遲滯，其差為1800nm以上。 An image display device comprising: (1) a white light source having a continuous light emission spectrum; (2) an image display unit; (3) a polarizing film disposed on an observation side of the image display unit; and (4) a polarizing film on the polarizing film On the observation side, there are two alignment films having hysteresis of 3,000 nm or more and 150,000 nm or less; the two alignment films are slightly parallel to each other or have different hysteresis, and the difference is 1800 nm or more.

項2. Item 2.

如項1之影像顯示裝置，其中前述2片配向薄膜之遲滯的差為3500nm以上。 The image display device according to Item 1, wherein the difference in hysteresis between the two alignment films is 3500 nm or more.

項3. Item 3.

如項1或2之影像顯示裝置，其中前述具有連續發光光譜的白色光源係白色發光二極體。 The image display device of item 1 or 2, wherein the white light source having a continuous light emission spectrum is a white light emitting diode.

根據本發明，影像顯示裝置之辨視性獲改善。特別是減少經由偏光濾光片觀測時發生之虹斑所代表的色調雜亂所致之畫質下降。尚且，在本說明書中，「虹斑」係為包含「色不均」、「色偏移」及「干涉色」之概念。 According to the present invention, the visibility of the image display device is improved. In particular, the image quality deterioration caused by the hue disorder represented by the rainbow spots occurring when the polarizing filter is observed is reduced. Further, in the present specification, "Rainbow" is a concept including "color unevenness", "color shift", and "interference color".

1‧‧‧液晶顯示裝置 1‧‧‧Liquid crystal display device

2‧‧‧光源 2‧‧‧Light source

3‧‧‧光源側偏光板 3‧‧‧Light source side polarizer

4‧‧‧液晶胞 4‧‧‧LCD

5‧‧‧觀測側偏光板 5‧‧‧ Observation side polarizer

6‧‧‧觸控面板 6‧‧‧Touch panel

7‧‧‧光源側偏光膜 7‧‧‧Light source side polarizing film

8‧‧‧觀測側偏光膜 8‧‧‧ observation side polarizing film

9a‧‧‧偏光膜保護薄膜 9a‧‧‧ polarizing film protective film

9b‧‧‧偏光膜保護薄膜 9b‧‧‧ polarizing film protective film

10a‧‧‧偏光膜保護薄膜 10a‧‧‧ polarizing film protective film

10b‧‧‧觀測側偏光膜保護薄膜 10b‧‧‧ observation side polarizing film protective film

11‧‧‧光源側透明導電性薄膜 11‧‧‧Light source side transparent conductive film

11a‧‧‧光源側基材薄膜 11a‧‧‧Light source side substrate film

11b‧‧‧透明導電層 11b‧‧‧Transparent conductive layer

12‧‧‧觀測側透明導電性薄膜 12‧‧‧ Observation side transparent conductive film

12a‧‧‧觀測側基材薄膜 12a‧‧‧ observation side substrate film

12b‧‧‧透明導電層 12b‧‧‧Transparent conductive layer

13‧‧‧間隔件 13‧‧‧ spacers

14‧‧‧光源側防爆薄膜 14‧‧‧Light source side explosion-proof film

15‧‧‧觀測側防爆薄膜 15‧‧‧ Observation side explosion-proof film

第1圖為具備觸控面板之影像顯示裝置的代表性之示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a representative image display device including a touch panel.

[實施發明之形態] [Formation of the Invention]

影像顯示裝置典型上具有影像顯示單元及偏光板。於影像顯示單元典型上係使用液晶胞或有機EL單元。茲將使用液晶胞作為影像顯示單元之影像顯示裝置的代表性之示意圖示於第1圖。 The image display device typically has an image display unit and a polarizing plate. The image display unit typically uses a liquid crystal cell or an organic EL unit. A schematic diagram of a video display device using a liquid crystal cell as an image display unit is shown in Fig. 1.

液晶顯示裝置(1)具有：光源(2)、液晶胞(4)、及作為機能層的觸控面板(6)。於此，在本說明書中，茲將液晶顯示裝置之顯示影像的一側(人觀測影像的一 側)稱為「觀測側」，將觀測側之相反側(亦即，在液晶顯示裝置中，通常設有稱作「背光光源」之光源的一側)稱為「光源側」。且，於第1圖中，右側為觀測側、左側為光源側。 The liquid crystal display device (1) has a light source (2), a liquid crystal cell (4), and a touch panel (6) as a functional layer. Here, in the present specification, one side of the display image of the liquid crystal display device (one of the human observed images) The side is referred to as the "observation side", and the opposite side of the observation side (that is, the side of the liquid crystal display device in which a light source called "backlight source" is usually provided) is referred to as "light source side". Further, in Fig. 1, the right side is the observation side and the left side is the light source side.

於液晶胞(4)之光源側及觀測側兩者各設有偏光板(光源側偏光板(3)及觀測側偏光板(5))。各偏光板(3、5)典型上具有在稱作「偏光膜(7、8)」之薄膜的兩側積層偏光膜保護薄膜(9a、9b、10a、10b)的結構。第1圖之影像顯示裝置(1)中，在觀測側偏光板(5)之觀測側設有作為機能層的觸控面板(6)。第1圖所示之觸控面板係電阻膜式觸控面板。觸控面板(6)係具有2片透明導電性薄膜(11、12)隔著間隔件(13)配置的結構。透明導電性薄膜(11、12)係積層基材薄膜(11a、12a)與透明導電層(11b、12b)而成者。此外，在觸控面板(6)之光源側及觀測側，經由黏著層設有屬透明基體的防爆薄膜(anti-scattering film)(14、15)。 A polarizing plate (a light source side polarizing plate (3) and an observation side polarizing plate (5)) is provided on each of the light source side and the observation side of the liquid crystal cell (4). Each of the polarizing plates (3, 5) typically has a structure in which a polarizing film protective film (9a, 9b, 10a, 10b) is laminated on both sides of a film called "polarizing film (7, 8)". In the video display device (1) of Fig. 1, a touch panel (6) as a function layer is provided on the observation side of the observation side polarizing plate (5). The touch panel shown in FIG. 1 is a resistive film type touch panel. The touch panel (6) has a structure in which two transparent conductive films (11, 12) are disposed via a spacer (13). The transparent conductive film (11, 12) is formed by laminating the base film (11a, 12a) and the transparent conductive layers (11b, 12b). Further, on the light source side and the observation side of the touch panel (6), an anti-scattering film (14, 15) which is a transparent substrate is provided via an adhesive layer.

再者，第1圖中係記載設於觀測側偏光板(5)之觀測側的作為機能層的觸控面板(6)，惟不限於觸控面板，只要為具有薄膜的層則可為任何層。又，作為觸控面板，係記載電阻膜式觸控面板，惟亦可使用投影型電容式等其他方式的觸控面板。第1圖之觸控面板係具有2片透明導電性薄膜的結構，惟觸控面板之結構不限於此，例如透明導電性薄膜及/或防爆薄膜的數量可為1片。液晶顯示裝置(1)中，防爆薄膜並非一定必須配置於觸控面板(6)的兩側，可為配置於任一側之構造，或可為在兩 側未配置防爆薄膜之構造。防爆薄膜可經由黏著層配置於觸控面板上，也可不經由黏著層而配置於觸控面板上。 In addition, in the first drawing, the touch panel (6) as a function layer provided on the observation side of the observation side polarizing plate (5) is described, but is not limited to the touch panel, and any layer having a film may be any Floor. Further, as the touch panel, a resistive touch panel is described, but other types of touch panels such as a projection type capacitor may be used. The touch panel of FIG. 1 has a structure of two transparent conductive films, but the structure of the touch panel is not limited thereto. For example, the number of transparent conductive films and/or explosion-proof films may be one. In the liquid crystal display device (1), the explosion-proof film does not necessarily have to be disposed on both sides of the touch panel (6), and may be configured on either side, or may be in two The structure of the explosion-proof film is not disposed on the side. The explosion-proof film may be disposed on the touch panel via the adhesive layer or may be disposed on the touch panel without the adhesive layer.

<配向薄膜之位置關係> <Positional relationship of alignment film>

影像顯示裝置中，可依各種目的而使用配向薄膜。且，在本說明書中，配向薄膜係指具有雙折射性之高分子薄膜。基於所謂改善辨視性之觀點，影像顯示裝置係以具有具3000nm以上150000nm以下之遲滯的2片配向薄膜，且此等之遲滯值彼此相異為佳。前述2片配向薄膜之遲滯值的差不特別限制，基於所謂改善辨視性之觀點較佳為1800nm以上。又，前述2片配向薄膜係以彼等之配向主軸彼此略呈平行的方式配置為佳。第1圖之液晶顯示裝置中，配向薄膜典型上可使用於：位於液晶胞(4)之觀測側的偏光膜(8)(以下稱作「觀測側偏光膜」)之位於觀測側的薄膜，即位於觀測側偏光膜(8)之觀測側的偏光膜保護薄膜(10b)(以下稱作「觀測側偏光膜保護薄膜」)、位於間隔件(13)之光源側的透明導電性薄膜(11)之基材薄膜(11a)(以下稱作「光源側基材薄膜」)、位於間隔件(13)之觀測側的透明導電性薄膜(12)之基材薄膜(12a)(以下稱作「觀測側基材薄膜」)、位於觀測側偏光膜保護薄膜(10b)與光源側基材薄膜(11a)之間的防爆薄膜(14)(以下稱作「光源側防爆薄膜」)及位於觀測側基材薄膜12a之觀測側的防爆薄膜(15)(以下稱作「觀測側防爆薄膜」)。 In the image display device, an alignment film can be used for various purposes. Further, in the present specification, the alignment film means a polymer film having birefringence. From the viewpoint of improving the visibility, the image display device has two alignment films having a hysteresis of 3,000 nm or more and 150,000 nm or less, and the hysteresis values are preferably different from each other. The difference in hysteresis value between the two alignment films is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1800 nm or more from the viewpoint of improving the visibility. Further, it is preferable that the two alignment films are disposed such that their alignment axes are substantially parallel to each other. In the liquid crystal display device of Fig. 1, the alignment film is typically used for a film located on the observation side of a polarizing film (8) (hereinafter referred to as "observation side polarizing film") on the observation side of the liquid crystal cell (4). That is, the polarizing film protective film (10b) on the observation side of the observation side polarizing film (8) (hereinafter referred to as "observation side polarizing film protective film"), and the transparent conductive film on the light source side of the spacer (13) (11) a base film (11a) (hereinafter referred to as "light source side base film"), and a base film (12a) of a transparent conductive film (12) on the observation side of the spacer (13) (hereinafter referred to as " The observation side substrate film "), the explosion-proof film (14) between the observation side polarizing film protective film (10b) and the light source side substrate film (11a) (hereinafter referred to as "light source side explosion-proof film") and the observation side An explosion-proof film (15) on the observation side of the base film 12a (hereinafter referred to as "observation-side explosion-proof film").

前述2片配向薄膜之設置位置只要位於觀測 側偏光膜(8)之觀測側則不特別限制，屬任意者。舉例而言，第1圖之液晶顯示裝置的情形，可採用如下表1所例示之配置。 The position of the above two alignment films is only observed The observation side of the side polarizing film (8) is not particularly limited and is any one. For example, in the case of the liquid crystal display device of Fig. 1, the configuration illustrated in Table 1 below can be employed.

如上述，前述2片配向薄膜只要均存在於觀測側偏光膜之觀測側，則彼等之位置未予限制，彼此之位置關係亦未特別限制。亦即，可將遲滯較高的配向薄膜配置於另一配向薄膜之觀測側，亦可將遲滯較高的配向薄膜配置於另一配向薄膜之光源側。從而，上述表1所示形態1~10之實例包含將遲滯較高的配向薄膜配置於另一配向薄膜之觀測側的情況、及將遲滯較高的配向薄膜配置於另一配向薄膜之光源側的情況。更且，上述表1所示形態1~10僅為例示，亦可為其他組合。舉例而言，上述中，防爆薄膜可為可設置於影像顯示裝置的任意之其他機能性薄膜。 As described above, the two alignment films are not limited as long as they are present on the observation side of the observation-side polarizing film, and the positional relationship between them is not particularly limited. In other words, the alignment film having a higher hysteresis can be disposed on the observation side of the other alignment film, and the alignment film having a higher hysteresis can be disposed on the light source side of the other alignment film. Therefore, examples of the forms 1 to 10 shown in Table 1 include the case where the alignment film having a high retardation is disposed on the observation side of the other alignment film, and the alignment film having the higher hysteresis is disposed on the light source side of the other alignment film. Case. Further, the forms 1 to 10 shown in Table 1 above are merely examples, and other combinations are also possible. For example, in the above, the explosion-proof film may be any other functional film that can be disposed on the image display device.

在本說明書中，於單一構件使用複數個配向薄膜(薄膜群)時，彼等係視為1片薄膜。於此，所謂「構件」，係指基於例如偏光膜保護薄膜、光源側防爆薄膜 、光源側基材薄膜、觀測側基材薄膜、觀測側防爆薄膜等的機能性及/或目的之觀點，判斷為個別之構件者。 In the present specification, when a plurality of alignment films (film groups) are used for a single member, they are regarded as one film. Here, the term "member" means a film based on, for example, a polarizing film protective film and a light source side explosion-proof film. The viewpoint of the function and/or purpose of the light source side base film, the observation side base film, the observation side explosion-proof film, etc. is judged as an individual component.

基於抑制影像顯示裝置所顯示之影像中的虹斑等的色調雜亂之觀點，前述2片配向薄膜之遲滯的差較佳為1800nm以上，較佳為2500nm以上，較佳為3200nm以上，較佳為3500nm以上，較佳為4000nm以上，較佳為5000nm以上。 The difference in hysteresis between the two alignment films is preferably 1800 nm or more, preferably 2500 nm or more, and preferably 3200 nm or more, preferably from the viewpoint of suppressing color tone such as rainbow spots in the image displayed on the image display device. 3,500 nm or more, preferably 4,000 nm or more, preferably 5,000 nm or more.

基於抑制影像顯示裝置所顯示之影像中的虹斑等的色調雜亂之觀點，前述2片配向薄膜係以彼等之配向主軸彼此略呈平行的方式配置為佳。因此，2片配向薄膜之配向主軸所形成之角度較佳為0度±20度以下，較佳為0度±15度以下，較佳為0度±10度以下，較佳為0度±5度以下，較佳為0度±3度以下，較佳為0度±2度以下，較佳為0度±1度以下，較佳為0度。且，在本說明書中，所謂「以下」之用語，係僅指附加「±」之後之數值。由此，前述「0度±20度以下」係指以0度為中心容許上下20度之範圍內的變動。 The two alignment films are preferably arranged such that their alignment axes are substantially parallel to each other, from the viewpoint of suppressing the hue of rainbow spots or the like in the image displayed by the image display device. Therefore, the angle formed by the alignment main axes of the two alignment films is preferably 0 degrees ± 20 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 15 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 10 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 5 degrees. The degree is preferably 0 degrees ± 3 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 2 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 1 degree or less, preferably 0 degrees. In addition, in this specification, the term "below" means only the value after "±" is added. Therefore, the above-mentioned "0 degree ± 20 degrees or less" means a variation within a range of 20 degrees up and down by 0 degrees.

如上述，2片配向薄膜係以彼此之配向主軸呈平行為佳，2片薄膜之遲滯差愈大，上述角度之容許範圍變得愈大。2片薄膜之遲滯差只要為3500nm以上，較佳為4000nm以上，則與上述角度無關，而能夠抑制虹斑。 As described above, it is preferable that the two alignment films are parallel to each other in the alignment main axis, and the larger the hysteresis difference between the two films, the larger the allowable range of the above angle becomes. When the hysteresis difference of the two films is 3,500 nm or more, preferably 4,000 nm or more, the rainbow spots can be suppressed regardless of the above angle.

基於抑制虹斑之觀點，較佳為2片配向薄膜當中的至少1片其配向主軸與觀測側偏光膜之偏光軸所形成之角略呈45度。具體而言，前述角為45度±30度以下，45度±20度以下，較佳為45度±15度以下，較佳為45度±10 度以下，較佳為45度±7度以下，較佳為45度±5度以下，較佳為45度±3度以下，較佳為45度。針對2片配向薄膜當中具有較高遲滯的配向薄膜，滿足上述位置關係為較佳。 From the viewpoint of suppressing the rainbow spot, it is preferable that at least one of the two alignment films has an angle formed by the alignment axis of the alignment main axis and the observation side polarizing film by 45 degrees. Specifically, the angle is 45 degrees ± 30 degrees or less, 45 degrees ± 20 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees ± 15 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees ± 10 degrees. Below the degree, it is preferably 45 degrees ± 7 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees ± 5 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees ± 3 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees. For the alignment film having a higher hysteresis among the two alignment films, it is preferable to satisfy the above positional relationship.

以滿足如上述條件的方式配置高遲滯配向薄膜，可藉由例如將裁切之高遲滯配向薄膜以其配向主軸與偏光膜之偏光軸形成特定角度的方式配置的方法、或將高遲滯配向薄膜斜向延伸，而以與偏光膜之偏光軸形成特定角度的方式配置的方法來進行。 The method of arranging the high hysteresis alignment film in such a manner as to satisfy the above conditions can be configured by, for example, arranging the high hysteresis alignment film to be cut so that the alignment main axis and the polarization axis of the polarizing film form a specific angle, or arranging the high hysteresis alignment film. It extends obliquely and is disposed in such a manner as to form a specific angle with the polarization axis of the polarizing film.

<配向薄膜之遲滯> <hysteresis of alignment film>

前述2片配向薄膜之遲滯，基於減少虹斑之觀點，較佳為3000nm以上150000nm以下。該配向薄膜之遲滯的下限值較佳為4500nm以上，較佳為6000nm以上，較佳為8000nm以上，較佳為10000nm以上。另一方面，該配向薄膜之遲滯的上限，基於即使使用具有更高遲滯的聚酯薄膜，實質上亦無法獲得進一步的辨視性改善效果，且隨著遲滯增高，配向薄膜之厚度亦有上升之傾向，從而可能與對薄型化之要求相悖之觀點，係設為150000nm，惟亦可設成更高值。 The hysteresis of the two alignment films is preferably from 3,000 nm to 150,000 nm from the viewpoint of reducing rainbow spots. The lower limit of the hysteresis of the alignment film is preferably 4,500 nm or more, preferably 6,000 nm or more, preferably 8,000 nm or more, and more preferably 10,000 nm or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the hysteresis of the alignment film is based on the fact that even if a polyester film having a higher hysteresis is used, substantially no improvement in the visibility can be obtained, and as the hysteresis increases, the thickness of the alignment film also rises. The tendency to be contrary to the requirement for thinning is set to 150,000 nm, but it can be set to a higher value.

在本說明書中，具有3000nm以上150000nm以下之遲滯的1片配向薄膜只要其配向主軸略呈平行，則可為藉由組合鄰接的2片以上之配向薄膜而構成者。舉例而言，當具有2000nm之遲滯的配向薄膜與1000nm之配向薄膜之配向主軸呈平行狀態時，此等可視為具有3000nm之遲滯的1片配向薄膜。於此，「略呈平行」係指兩配向主 軸所形成之角為0度±20度以下，較佳為0度±15度以下，較佳為0度±10度以下，較佳為0度±5度以下，較佳為0度±3度以內，較佳為0度±2度以下，較佳為0度±1度以下，較佳為0度。處於此關係時，能將複數個薄膜作為「薄膜群」而視為1片薄膜。於此，「鄰接」係包含貼合相鄰的配向薄膜的情況及未貼合的情況兩者。 In the present specification, one alignment film having a hysteresis of 3,000 nm or more and 150,000 nm or less may be formed by combining two or more adjacent alignment films as long as the alignment main axes are slightly parallel. For example, when an alignment film having a hysteresis of 2000 nm is in a parallel state with an alignment main axis of an alignment film of 1000 nm, these may be regarded as one alignment film having a hysteresis of 3000 nm. Here, "slightly parallel" means two alignment masters The angle formed by the shaft is 0 degrees ± 20 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 15 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 10 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 5 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 3 degrees. Within the degree, it is preferably 0 degrees ± 2 degrees or less, preferably 0 degrees ± 1 degree or less, preferably 0 degrees. In this relationship, a plurality of films can be regarded as a "film group" as one film. Here, "adjacent" includes both the case of bonding adjacent alignment films and the case of not bonding.

液晶顯示裝置可於任意位置具備具有小於3000nm之遲滯的配向薄膜。此類配向薄膜之遲滯，例如為50nm以上、100nm以上、200nm以上、300nm以上、400nm以上、或500nm以上。又，此類配向薄膜之遲滯的上限，例如為小於3000nm、小於2500nm、或小於2300nm。 The liquid crystal display device can be provided with an alignment film having a hysteresis of less than 3000 nm at any position. The hysteresis of such an alignment film is, for example, 50 nm or more, 100 nm or more, 200 nm or more, 300 nm or more, 400 nm or more, or 500 nm or more. Moreover, the upper limit of the hysteresis of such an alignment film is, for example, less than 3000 nm, less than 2500 nm, or less than 2300 nm.

具有小於3000nm之遲滯的配向薄膜可為單軸延伸配向薄膜，亦可為雙軸延伸配向薄膜，惟基於降低薄膜之易裂性之觀點，較佳為雙軸延伸配向薄膜。 The alignment film having a hysteresis of less than 3000 nm may be a uniaxially stretched alignment film or a biaxially oriented alignment film, but is preferably a biaxially oriented alignment film from the viewpoint of reducing the cracking property of the film.

配向薄膜之遲滯可依周知的手法來測定。具體而言，可測定2軸方向之折射率及厚度來求得。又，還可使用商業上可得手的自動雙折射測定裝置(例如KOBRA-21ADH：王子計測機器股份有限公司製)來求得。 The hysteresis of the alignment film can be determined by a well-known method. Specifically, the refractive index and thickness in the two-axis direction can be measured and determined. Further, it can also be obtained by using a commercially available automatic birefringence measuring device (for example, KOBRA-21ADH: manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.).

基於所謂更有效抑制虹斑之觀點，配向薄膜其遲滯(Re)與厚度方向遲滯(Rth)的比(Re/Rth)較佳為0.2以上，較佳為0.5以上，較佳為0.6以上。厚度方向遲滯係指自薄膜厚度方向剖面觀測時，對2個雙折射△Nxz及△Nyz分別乘上薄膜厚度d所得之遲滯的平均值。Re/Rth愈大，雙折射之作用愈增加等方性，得以更有效地抑制 在螢幕的虹斑之產生。此外，在本說明書中，僅記載為「遲滯」時，係指面內遲滯(in-plane retardation)。 The ratio (Re/Rth) of the hysteresis (Re) to the thickness direction retardation (Rth) of the alignment film is preferably 0.2 or more, preferably 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.6 or more, from the viewpoint of suppressing the rainbow spot more effectively. The retardation in the thickness direction refers to the average value of the hysteresis obtained by multiplying the two birefringences ΔNxz and ΔNyz by the film thickness d, respectively, when viewed from the cross section of the film thickness direction. The greater the Re/Rth, the more the effect of birefringence increases, and the more effective suppression The generation of rainbow spots on the screen. In addition, in this specification, when it is only described as "hysteresis", it means in-plane retardation.

Re/Rth之最大值為2.0(即完全的單軸對稱性薄膜)，惟隨著愈接近完全的單軸對稱性薄膜，與配向方向正交的方向之機械強度有漸趨下降之傾向。因此，聚酯薄膜之Re/Rth的上限較佳為1.2以下，較佳為1.0以下。上述比率縱使為1.0以下，仍可滿足影像顯示裝置所要求之視角特性(左右180度、上下120度左右)。 The maximum value of Re/Rth is 2.0 (i.e., a completely uniaxial symmetrical film), but the mechanical strength of the direction orthogonal to the alignment direction tends to decrease as the uniaxially symmetric film becomes closer. Therefore, the upper limit of Re/Rth of the polyester film is preferably 1.2 or less, preferably 1.0 or less. Even if the ratio is 1.0 or less, the viewing angle characteristics required by the image display device (180 degrees left and right, 120 degrees above and below) can be satisfied.

配向薄膜可適當選擇周知的手法來製造。舉例而言，配向薄膜可使用選自包含聚酯樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、對位性聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、聚苯硫樹脂、環烯烴樹脂、液晶性聚合物樹脂及於纖維素系樹脂添加液晶化合物的樹脂之群組中的一種以上來製造。從而，配向薄膜可為聚酯薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜、聚苯乙烯薄膜、對位性聚苯乙烯薄膜、聚醚醚酮薄膜、聚苯硫薄膜、環烯烴薄膜、液晶性薄膜、於纖維素系樹脂添加液晶化合物之薄膜。 The alignment film can be produced by appropriately selecting a known method. For example, the alignment film may be selected from the group consisting of polyester resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, para-type polystyrene resins, polyether ether ketone resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, cyclic olefin resins, and liquid crystallinity. One or more of a group of a polymer resin and a resin in which a liquid crystal compound is added to a cellulose resin is produced. Therefore, the alignment film may be a polyester film, a polycarbonate film, a polystyrene film, a para-polystyrene film, a polyetheretherketone film, a polyphenylene sulfide film, a cycloolefin film, a liquid crystalline film, or a cellulose. A film of a liquid crystal compound is added to the resin.

配向薄膜之較佳原料樹脂係聚碳酸酯及/或聚酯、對位性聚苯乙烯。此等樹脂係透明性優良，且熱特性、機械特性亦優異，可藉由延伸加工容易地控制遲滯。聚對酞酸乙二酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯所代表之聚酯係固有雙折射大，即使薄膜厚度薄，仍較容易獲得大的遲滯而較佳。特別是聚萘二甲酸乙二酯即使在聚酯當中其固有複折射率亦較大，因此在特別欲提高遲滯的情況、或在欲保持高遲滯的同時減薄薄膜厚度的情況較合適 。以聚酯樹脂為代表例，更具體的配向薄膜之製造方法係於後述。 Preferred raw materials for the alignment film are polycarbonate and/or polyester, and para-polystyrene. These resins are excellent in transparency, and are excellent in thermal properties and mechanical properties, and can easily control hysteresis by stretching processing. The polyester represented by polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate has a large intrinsic birefringence, and even if the film thickness is thin, it is preferable to obtain a large hysteresis. In particular, polyethylene naphthalate has a large intrinsic complex refractive index even in polyesters, so it is suitable to increase the hysteresis in particular, or to reduce the thickness of the film while maintaining high hysteresis. . A polyester resin is taken as a representative example, and a more specific method of producing an alignment film is described later.

<配向薄膜之製造方法> <Method for Producing Alignment Film>

以下，以聚酯薄膜為例，說明配向薄膜之製造方法。聚酯薄膜可使任意的二羧酸與二醇縮合而得。作為二羧酸，可列舉例如對酞酸、異酞酸、鄰苯二甲酸、2,5-萘二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、1,4-萘二甲酸、1,5-萘二甲酸、二苯基甲酸、二苯氧基乙烷二甲酸、二苯碸甲酸(diphenyl sulfone carboxylic acid)、蒽二甲酸、1,3-環戊二甲酸、1,3-環己二甲酸、1,4-環己二甲酸、六氫對酞酸、六氫異酞酸、丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、丁二酸、3,3-二乙基丁二酸、戊二酸、2,2-二甲基戊二酸、己二酸、2-甲基己二酸、三甲基己二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、二聚酸、癸二酸、辛二酸、十二烷二甲酸等。 Hereinafter, a method of producing an alignment film will be described by taking a polyester film as an example. The polyester film can be obtained by condensing any dicarboxylic acid with a diol. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include citric acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and 1,5-naphthalene. Dicarboxylic acid, diphenylcarboxylic acid, diphenoxyethane dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl sulfone carboxylic acid, phthalic acid, 1,3-cyclopentadicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, hexahydropyridinic acid, hexahydroisodecanoic acid, malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, 3,3-diethyl succinic acid, glutaric acid , 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, adipic acid, 2-methyladipate, trimethyl adipate, pimelic acid, sebacic acid, dimer acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid , dodecanedicarboxylic acid, and the like.

作為二醇，可列舉例如乙二醇、丙二醇、六亞甲二醇、新戊二醇、1,2-環己二甲醇、1,4-環己二甲醇、十亞甲二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丙烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)碸等。 Examples of the diol include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and methylene glycol. 3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) Hey.

構成聚酯薄膜之二羧酸成分與二醇成分可分別使用1種或2種以上。作為構成聚酯薄膜之具體的聚酯樹脂，可列舉例如聚對酞酸乙二酯、聚對酞酸丙二酯、聚對酞酸丁二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯等，較佳為聚對酞酸乙二酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯，較佳為聚對酞酸乙二酯。聚酯樹脂亦可含有其他的共聚合成分，基於機械強度 之觀點，共聚合成分之比例較佳為3莫耳%以下，較佳為2莫耳%以下，更佳為1.5莫耳%以下。此等樹脂係透明性優良，且熱特性、機械特性亦優異。又，此等樹脂可藉由延伸加工容易地控制遲滯。 One type or two types or more of the dicarboxylic acid component and the diol component which are constituting the polyester film can be used. Specific examples of the polyester resin constituting the polyester film include polyethylene terephthalate, propylene terephthalate, butylene dibutyl phthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and the like. It is polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. Polyester resins may also contain other copolymerized components based on mechanical strength From the viewpoint of the copolymerization component, the ratio of the copolymerization component is preferably 3 mol% or less, preferably 2 mol% or less, more preferably 1.5 mol% or less. These resins are excellent in transparency and excellent in thermal properties and mechanical properties. Moreover, these resins can easily control the hysteresis by the stretching process.

聚酯薄膜可依循一般的製造方法而得。具體而言，可舉出藉由將聚酯樹脂熔融，並將擠出成片狀而成形的未配向聚酯，在玻璃轉移溫度以上的溫度下，利用輥之速度差予以朝縱向延伸後，藉拉幅機朝橫向延伸，再施以熱處理而得的配向聚酯薄膜。聚酯薄膜可為單軸延伸薄膜，亦可為雙軸延伸薄膜。上述高遲滯配向薄膜亦可為朝斜向45度延伸者。 The polyester film can be obtained by following a general manufacturing method. Specifically, an unaligned polyester which is formed by melting a polyester resin and extruded into a sheet shape is used, and is stretched in the longitudinal direction by a speed difference of the rolls at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature. An oriented polyester film obtained by heat treatment by a tenter is used. The polyester film may be a uniaxially stretched film or a biaxially stretched film. The high hysteresis alignment film may also be an extension of 45 degrees obliquely.

用於製得聚酯薄膜的製造條件可依周知的手法適當設定。舉例而言，縱延伸溫度及橫延伸溫度通常為80~130℃，較佳為90~120℃。縱延伸倍率通常為1.0~3.5倍，較佳為1.0倍~3.0倍。又，橫延伸倍率通常為2.5~6.0倍，較佳為3.0~5.5倍。 The production conditions for producing the polyester film can be appropriately set according to well-known methods. For example, the longitudinal extension temperature and the lateral extension temperature are usually from 80 to 130 ° C, preferably from 90 to 120 ° C. The longitudinal stretching ratio is usually 1.0 to 3.5 times, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 times. Further, the lateral stretching ratio is usually 2.5 to 6.0 times, preferably 3.0 to 5.5 times.

將遲滯控制於特定範圍可藉由適當設定延伸倍率或延伸溫度、薄膜厚度來進行。舉例而言，縱延伸與橫延伸的延伸倍率差愈高、延伸溫度愈低、薄膜厚度愈厚，愈易獲得高遲滯。反之，縱延伸與橫延伸的延伸倍率差愈低、延伸溫度愈高、薄膜厚度愈薄，愈易獲得低遲滯。再者，延伸溫度愈高、總延伸倍率愈低，愈易獲得遲滯與厚度方向遲滯的比(Re/Rth)低的薄膜。反之，延伸溫度愈低、總延伸倍率愈高，愈易獲得遲滯與厚度方向遲滯的比(Re/Rth)高的薄膜。更且，熱處理溫度通常 較佳為140~240℃，較佳為180~240℃。 Controlling the hysteresis to a specific range can be performed by appropriately setting the stretching ratio or the stretching temperature and the film thickness. For example, the higher the difference between the extension ratio of the longitudinal extension and the lateral extension, the lower the extension temperature, and the thicker the film thickness, the higher the hysteresis is easily obtained. On the contrary, the lower the difference between the extension ratio of the longitudinal extension and the lateral extension, the higher the extension temperature, and the thinner the film thickness, the easier the low hysteresis is obtained. Further, the higher the extension temperature and the lower the total stretching ratio, the easier it is to obtain a film having a low hysteresis ratio (Re/Rth) in the thickness direction. On the contrary, the lower the extension temperature and the higher the total stretching ratio, the easier it is to obtain a film having a higher ratio of hysteresis to retardation (Re/Rth). Moreover, the heat treatment temperature is usually It is preferably 140 to 240 ° C, preferably 180 to 240 ° C.

為抑制聚酯薄膜中遲滯的變動，薄膜之厚度不均度係愈小愈佳。為賦予遲滯差而降低縱延伸倍率時，有縱厚度不均度之值變高的情形。縱厚度不均度之值在延伸倍率的某特定範圍內有遽升之區域，因此，係以避開此種範圍的方式設定製膜條件為較佳。 In order to suppress the variation of hysteresis in the polyester film, the thickness unevenness of the film is preferably as small as possible. When the longitudinal stretch ratio is lowered to impart a hysteresis difference, there is a case where the value of the longitudinal thickness unevenness becomes high. Since the value of the longitudinal thickness unevenness has a region which is soared within a certain range of the stretching ratio, it is preferable to set the film forming condition so as to avoid such a range.

配向聚酯薄膜之厚度不均度較佳為5.0%以下，更佳為4.5%以下，再佳為4.0%以下，尤佳為3.0%以下。薄膜之厚度不均度可藉由任意手段來加以測定。舉例而言，選取在薄膜流動方向呈連續的帶狀試樣(長3m)，並使用市售之測定器(如Seiko-EM(股)製電子測微計Millitron 1240)，以1cm間距測定100點的厚度，求取厚度之最大值(dmax)、最小值(dmin)、平均值(d)，藉由下式可算出厚度不均度(%)。 The thickness unevenness of the alignment polyester film is preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 4.5% or less, still more preferably 4.0% or less, and particularly preferably 3.0% or less. The thickness unevenness of the film can be measured by any means. For example, a strip sample (length 3 m) continuous in the flow direction of the film is selected, and a commercially available measuring instrument (such as an electronic micrometer Millitron 1240 manufactured by Seiko-EM) is used to measure 100 at a pitch of 1 cm. The thickness of the spot is obtained by taking the maximum value (dmax), the minimum value (dmin), and the average value (d) of the thickness, and the thickness unevenness (%) can be calculated by the following formula.

厚度不均度(%)=((dmax-dmin)/d)×100 Thickness unevenness (%) = ((dmax-dmin) / d) × 100

<影像顯示單元及光源> <Image display unit and light source>

影像顯示裝置典型上可具備作為影像顯示單元之液晶胞或有機EL單元。又基於抑制虹斑之觀點，影像顯示裝置係具有具連續且廣幅之發光光譜的白色光源為較佳。當影像顯示裝置具備液晶胞時，影像顯示裝置係以具備此種光源作為獨立於影像顯示單元的光源為佳。另一方面，若為有機EL單元時，由於其本身具備光源之機能，故較佳為有機EL單元本身放出具有連續且廣幅之發光光譜的光。具有連續且廣幅之發光光譜的光源之方式及結構不特別限制，可為例如邊緣發光方式或正下方型方 式。「連續且廣幅之發光光譜」係指在至少450~650nm之波長區域，較佳為在可見光區域不存在光強度為零之波長區域的發光光譜。可見光區域係例如400~760nm之波長區域，可為360~760nm、400~830nm、或360~830nm。 The image display device can typically be provided with a liquid crystal cell or an organic EL unit as an image display unit. Further, based on the viewpoint of suppressing rainbow spots, the image display device is preferably a white light source having a continuous and wide-ranging luminescence spectrum. When the image display device includes a liquid crystal cell, the image display device preferably includes such a light source as a light source independent of the image display unit. On the other hand, in the case of an organic EL unit, since it has a function of a light source itself, it is preferred that the organic EL unit itself emit light having a continuous and wide-area luminescence spectrum. The mode and structure of the light source having a continuous and wide-area luminescence spectrum are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an edge illuminating method or a form directly below. formula. The "continuous and wide-spectrum luminescence spectrum" means an illuminating spectrum in a wavelength region of at least 450 to 650 nm, preferably in a wavelength region where the light intensity is not zero in the visible light region. The visible light region is, for example, a wavelength region of 400 to 760 nm, and may be 360 to 760 nm, 400 to 830 nm, or 360 to 830 nm.

作為具有連續且廣幅之發光光譜的白色光源，可舉出例如白色發光二極體(白色LED)。對於白色LED可例舉採螢光體方式者(亦即，藉由將使用化合物半導體之發出藍色光、或者紫外光之發光二極體與螢光體組合而發白光之元件)及有機發光二極體(Organic light-emitting diode：OLED)等。基於所謂具有連續且廣幅之發光光譜，且發光效率亦優良之觀點，包含將使用化合物半導體之藍色發光二極體與釔鋁石榴石系黃色螢光體組合而成之發光元件的白色發光二極體為較佳。 As a white light source having a continuous and wide-ranging luminescence spectrum, for example, a white light-emitting diode (white LED) can be cited. The white LED may, for example, be a phosphor-emitting device (that is, an element that emits white light by combining a blue light that emits a compound semiconductor or a light-emitting diode of ultraviolet light and a phosphor) and an organic light-emitting device. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and the like. A white light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting element in which a blue light-emitting diode of a compound semiconductor and a yellow-yttrium garnet-based yellow phosphor are combined is used, based on the viewpoint of having a continuous and wide-ranging light-emitting spectrum and excellent light-emitting efficiency. A diode is preferred.

液晶胞可適當選擇使用能在液晶顯示裝置使用的任意液晶胞，其方式或結構不特別限制。例如，可適當選擇使用VA模式、IPS模式、TN模式、STN模式或彎曲配向(π型)等的液晶胞。因此，液晶胞可適當選擇使用以周知的液晶材料及今後可開發之液晶材料所製作的液晶。於一實施形態中，較佳之液晶胞係穿透型液晶胞。 The liquid crystal cell can be appropriately selected from any liquid crystal cell which can be used in a liquid crystal display device, and the mode or structure thereof is not particularly limited. For example, a liquid crystal cell using a VA mode, an IPS mode, a TN mode, an STN mode, or a curved alignment (π type) can be appropriately selected. Therefore, the liquid crystal cell can be appropriately selected and used by using a well-known liquid crystal material and a liquid crystal material which can be developed in the future. In one embodiment, a liquid crystal cell penetrating liquid crystal cell is preferred.

有機EL單元可適當選擇使用該技術領域中所熟知的有機EL單元。有機EL單元係發光體(有機電致發光體)，典型上具有在透明基材上依序積層透明電極、有機發光層與金屬電極的結構。有機發光層係各種有機 薄膜之積層體，可列舉如包含三苯胺衍生物等的電洞注入層與包含蒽等螢光性有機固體的發光層之積層體、及此類發光層與包含苝衍生物等的電子注入層之積層體等。如此，有機EL單元因兼備作為影像顯示單元之機能及作為光源之機能，當影像顯示裝置具備有機EL單元時，則不需要獨立之光源。亦即，影像顯示裝置中的光源與影像顯示裝置只要可發揮彼等之機能，則可彼此獨立存在，亦可為一體化之形態。 The organic EL unit can be appropriately selected to use an organic EL unit well known in the art. The organic EL unit-based light-emitting body (organic electroluminescent body) typically has a structure in which a transparent electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a metal electrode are sequentially laminated on a transparent substrate. Organic light-emitting layer is organic The laminated body of the film includes a laminate including a hole injection layer such as a triphenylamine derivative and a light-emitting layer containing a fluorescent organic solid such as ruthenium, and such an luminescent layer and an electron injection layer containing an anthracene derivative or the like. The layered body and the like. As described above, the organic EL unit has both the function as an image display unit and the function as a light source. When the image display device includes the organic EL unit, an independent light source is not required. In other words, the light source and the image display device in the image display device can exist independently of each other as long as they can exert their functions, or can be integrated.

使用有機EL單元作為影像顯示單元時，影像顯示裝置中的偏光板並非必須。惟，由於有機發光層之厚度為10nm左右而極薄，當外部光源被金屬電極反射再度向觀測側射出，而自外部觀測時，有機EL顯示裝置的顯示面有觀之如鏡面的情形。為將此種外部光源之鏡面反射予以遮蔽，係以在有機EL單元之觀測側設置偏光板及1/4波長板為佳。因此，當影像顯示裝置具有有機EL單元及偏光板時，只要將第1圖之液晶胞(4)視作有機EL單元，並將觀測側偏光板(5)作為偏光板，則可直接應用液晶顯示裝置(1)之配向薄膜之位置關係。 When an organic EL unit is used as the image display unit, a polarizing plate in the image display device is not essential. However, since the thickness of the organic light-emitting layer is extremely thin at about 10 nm, when the external light source is reflected by the metal electrode and is again emitted toward the observation side, the display surface of the organic EL display device has a mirror-like appearance when viewed from the outside. In order to shield the specular reflection of such an external light source, it is preferable to provide a polarizing plate and a quarter-wave plate on the observation side of the organic EL unit. Therefore, when the image display device has the organic EL unit and the polarizing plate, the liquid crystal cell (4) of FIG. 1 can be directly used as the organic EL unit, and the observation side polarizing plate (5) can be used as the polarizing plate. The positional relationship of the alignment film of the display device (1).

<偏光板及偏光膜保護薄膜> <Polarizing Plate and Polarizing Film Protective Film>

偏光板係具有以2片保護薄膜(有時稱作「偏光膜保護薄膜」)夾持薄膜狀偏光膜的兩側的結構。偏光膜可適當選擇使用該技術領域中使用的任意偏光膜(或偏光薄膜)。作為代表性的偏光膜，可舉出使碘等二色性材料染附於聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜等而成者，惟不限定於此，可適當選擇使用周知的及今後可開發的偏光膜。 The polarizing plate has a structure in which both sides of the film-shaped polarizing film are sandwiched between two protective films (sometimes referred to as "polarizing film protective film"). As the polarizing film, any polarizing film (or polarizing film) used in the technical field can be appropriately selected and used. A representative example of the polarizing film is a method in which a dichroic material such as iodine is dyed on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, and the like. However, the polarizing film is not limited thereto, and a well-known and future developable polarized light can be appropriately selected and used. membrane.

PVA薄膜可使用市售品，可使用如「Kuraray Vinylon(Kuraray(股)製)」、「Tohcello Vinylon(Tohcello(股)製)」、「Nichigo Vinylon(日本合成化學(股)製)」等。作為二色性材料可列舉碘、重氮化合物、聚次甲基(polymethine)染料等。 A commercially available product can be used for the PVA film, and "Kuraray Vinylon (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), "Tohcello Vinylon (manufactured by Tohcello)", "Nichigo Vinylon (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.)", and the like can be used. Examples of the dichroic material include iodine, a diazo compound, and a polymethine dye.

偏光膜可藉由任意手法而得，例如可藉由將PVA薄膜以二色性材料染附者在硼酸水溶液中實施單軸延伸，並在保持延伸狀態下進行清洗及乾燥而得。單軸延伸之延伸倍率通常為4~8倍左右，惟不特別限制。其他製造條件等可依據周知的手法適當設定。 The polarizing film can be obtained by any method. For example, the PVA film can be uniaxially stretched in an aqueous solution of boric acid by being dyed with a dichroic material, and washed and dried while being kept in an extended state. The stretching ratio of the uniaxial stretching is usually about 4 to 8 times, but is not particularly limited. Other manufacturing conditions and the like can be appropriately set according to well-known techniques.

觀測側偏光膜之觀測側的保護薄膜(觀測側偏光膜保護薄膜)可為配向薄膜或向來作為偏光膜保護薄膜使用的任意薄膜，惟非限定於此等。 The protective film (observation-side polarizing film protective film) on the observation side of the observation-side polarizing film may be an alignment film or any film that has been used as a polarizing film protective film, but is not limited thereto.

觀測側偏光膜之光源側的保護薄膜及光源側偏光膜的保護薄膜的種類為任意者，可適當選擇使用向來作為保護薄膜使用的薄膜。基於所謂操作處理性及得手容易性等觀點，較佳使用例如選自包含三乙酸纖維素(TAC)薄膜、丙烯酸薄膜及環狀烯烴系薄膜(例如降莰烯系薄膜)、聚丙烯薄膜及聚烯烴系薄膜(例如TPX)等之群組中的一種以上之不具有雙折射性的薄膜。 The type of the protective film on the light source side of the observation side polarizing film and the protective film of the light source side polarizing film are arbitrary, and a film which has been used as a protective film can be appropriately selected and used. From the viewpoints of so-called handling property and ease of handling, for example, it is preferably selected from the group consisting of a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film, an acrylic film, and a cyclic olefin film (for example, a decene-based film), a polypropylene film, and a poly One or more films having no birefringence in a group such as an olefin-based film (for example, TPX).

於一實施形態中，觀測側偏光膜的光源側保護薄膜及光源側偏光膜的觀測側保護薄膜較佳為具有光學補償機能的光學補償薄膜。此種光學補償薄膜可配合液晶的各種方式來適當選擇，可舉出例如由選自包含三乙酸纖維素中分散有液晶化合物(例如盤形液晶化合物 及/或雙折射性化合物)之樹脂、環狀烯烴樹脂(例如降莰烯樹脂)、乙酸丙醯酯(propionyl acetate)樹脂、聚碳酸酯薄膜樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物樹脂、含內酯環樹脂、及含醯亞胺基聚烯烴樹脂等之群組中的1種以上而得者。 In one embodiment, the observation side protective film of the light source side protective film and the light source side polarizing film of the observation side polarizing film is preferably an optical compensation film having an optical compensation function. Such an optical compensation film can be appropriately selected in various ways in which a liquid crystal is blended, and for example, a liquid crystal compound (for example, a discotic liquid crystal compound) is dispersed in a cellulose selected from the group consisting of cellulose triacetate. And/or birefringent compound) resin, cyclic olefin resin (for example, norbornene resin), propionyl acetate resin, polycarbonate film resin, acrylic resin, styrene acrylonitrile copolymer resin, One or more of the group consisting of a lactone ring resin and a quinone imino group-containing polyolefin resin.

光學補償薄膜由於能以商業方式得手，故可適當選擇使用此等。可列舉如TN方式用之「WideView-EA」及「WideView-T」(富士FILM公司製)、VA方式用之「WideView-B」(富士FILM公司製)、VA-TAC(KONICA MINOLTA公司製)、「ZEONOR FILM」(日本ZEON公司製)、「ARTON」(JSR公司製)、「X-plate」(日東電工公司製)、以及IPS方式用之「Z-TAC」(富士FILM公司製)、「CIG」(日東電工公司製)、「P-TAC」(大倉工業公司製)等。 Since the optical compensation film can be obtained commercially, it can be appropriately selected and used. "WideView-EA" and "WideView-T" (manufactured by Fuji FILM Co., Ltd.) for the TN method, "WideView-B" for the VA method (manufactured by Fuji FILM Co., Ltd.), and VA-TAC (manufactured by KONICA MINOLTA Co., Ltd.) "ZEONOR FILM" (made by Japan ZEON Co., Ltd.), "ARTON" (made by JSR Corporation), "X-plate" (made by Nitto Denko Corporation), and "Z-TAC" (made by Fuji FILM Co., Ltd.) for IPS method, "CIG" (made by Nitto Denko Corporation) and "P-TAC" (made by Ogura Industrial Co., Ltd.).

偏光膜保護薄膜可直接或經由黏著劑層積層於偏光膜上。基於提升黏著性之觀點，較佳為經由黏著劑積層。作為黏著劑，不特別限制，可使用任意者。基於使黏著劑層薄型化之觀點，較佳為水性者(亦即，將黏著劑成分溶於水或分散於水中者)。舉例而言，使用聚酯薄膜作為偏光膜保護薄膜時，係使用聚乙烯醇系樹脂、胺甲酸乙酯樹脂作為主成分，而為提升黏著性，可視需求使用摻有異氰酸酯系化合物、環氧化合物等的組成物作為黏著劑。黏著劑層之厚度較佳為10μm以下，更佳為5μm以下，再佳為3μm以下。 The polarizing film protective film may be laminated on the polarizing film directly or via an adhesive. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion, it is preferred to laminate via an adhesive. The adhesive is not particularly limited, and any one can be used. From the viewpoint of making the adhesive layer thin, it is preferred to be aqueous (that is, those in which the adhesive component is dissolved in water or dispersed in water). For example, when a polyester film is used as the polarizing film protective film, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin or an urethane resin is used as a main component, and in order to improve adhesion, an isocyanate-based compound or an epoxy compound may be used as needed. The composition of the composition acts as an adhesive. The thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 5 μm or less, and still more preferably 3 μm or less.

使用TAC薄膜作為偏光膜保護薄膜時，可使 用聚乙烯醇系黏著劑予以黏合。作為偏光膜保護薄膜，使用丙烯酸薄膜、環狀烯烴系薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、或TPX等透濕性低的薄膜時，則較佳使用光硬化性黏著劑作為黏著劑。作為光硬化性樹脂，可舉出如光硬化性環氧樹脂與光陽離子聚合起始劑的混合物等。 When a TAC film is used as the polarizing film protective film, It is bonded with a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive. When an acrylic film, a cyclic olefin film, a polypropylene film, or a film having low moisture permeability such as TPX is used as the polarizing film protective film, a photocurable adhesive is preferably used as the adhesive. The photocurable resin may, for example, be a mixture of a photocurable epoxy resin and a photocationic polymerization initiator.

偏光膜保護薄膜之厚度為任意者，例如可於15~300μm之範圍內，較佳為30~200μm之範圍內適當設定。 The thickness of the polarizing film protective film may be any, and may be appropriately set, for example, in the range of 15 to 300 μm, preferably 30 to 200 μm.

<觸控面板、透明導電性薄膜、基材薄膜、防爆薄膜> <Touch panel, transparent conductive film, base film, explosion-proof film>

影像顯示裝置可具備觸控面板。觸控面板的種類及方式不特別限制，可列舉例如電阻膜方式觸控面板及電容方式觸控面板。觸控面板與該方式無關，通常具有1片或2片以上之透明導電性薄膜。透明導電性薄膜係具有在基材薄膜上積層透明導電層的結構。如上述，基材薄膜可使用配向薄膜、或向來作為基材薄膜使用的其他薄膜或者玻璃板等剛性板。 The image display device can be provided with a touch panel. The type and manner of the touch panel are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a resistive touch panel and a capacitive touch panel. Regardless of the mode, the touch panel usually has one or two or more transparent conductive films. The transparent conductive film has a structure in which a transparent conductive layer is laminated on a base film. As described above, as the base film, an alignment film or a rigid film such as another film or a glass plate which has been used as a base film can be used.

作為向來當作基材薄膜所使用的其他薄膜，可舉出具有透明性的各種樹脂薄膜。可使用例如由選自包含聚酯樹脂、乙酸酯樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂、聚氯乙烯樹脂、聚偏二氯乙烯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂、聚芳酯樹脂及聚苯硫樹脂等之群組中的1種以上之樹脂而得的薄膜。此等之中，較佳為聚酯樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂及聚烯烴樹脂，較佳為聚酯 樹脂。 As another film which is used as a base film, various resin films which have transparency are mentioned. For example, it may be selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, an acetate resin, a polyether oxime resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, a polyolefin resin, a (meth)acrylic resin, and a polychlorinated resin. A film obtained by using one or more resins selected from the group consisting of vinyl resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyarylate resin, and polyphenylene sulfide resin. Among these, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin and polyolefin resin are preferred, and polyester is preferred. Resin.

基材薄膜之厚度為任意者，惟較佳為15~500μm之範圍。 The thickness of the base film is any, but it is preferably in the range of 15 to 500 μm.

基材薄膜亦可於表面預先實施濺鍍、電暈放電、火焰、紫外線照射、電子束照射、化學轉化、氧化等的蝕刻處理或底塗處理。藉此，得以提升與設於基材薄膜上的透明導電層等的密接性。再者，在設置透明導電層等之前，亦可視需要將基材薄膜之表面藉由溶劑清洗或超音波清洗等予以除塵、潔淨化。 The base film may be subjected to an etching treatment or a primer treatment on the surface by sputtering, corona discharge, flame, ultraviolet irradiation, electron beam irradiation, chemical conversion, oxidation, or the like. Thereby, the adhesion to the transparent conductive layer provided on the base film or the like can be improved. Further, before the transparent conductive layer or the like is provided, the surface of the base film may be dusted and cleaned by solvent cleaning or ultrasonic cleaning as needed.

透明導電層可直接積層於基材薄膜，惟可經由易黏著層及/或各種其他的層積層。作為其他的層，可列舉例如硬塗層、折射率匹配(IM，index matching)層及低折射率層等。作為代表性的透明導電性薄膜之積層結構，可舉出如下6種形態，惟並非限定於此等。 The transparent conductive layer may be laminated directly to the substrate film, but may be laminated via an easy adhesion layer and/or various other layers. Examples of the other layer include a hard coat layer, an index matching (IM) layer, and a low refractive index layer. The laminated structure of the representative transparent conductive film is exemplified by the following six types, but is not limited thereto.

(1)基材薄膜/易黏著層/透明導電層 (1) Substrate film / easy adhesion layer / transparent conductive layer

(2)基材薄膜/易黏著層/硬塗層/透明導電層 (2) Substrate film / easy adhesion layer / hard coating / transparent conductive layer

(3)基材薄膜/易黏著層/IM(折射率匹配)層/透明導電層 (3) Substrate film/easy adhesion layer/IM (index matching) layer/transparent conductive layer

(4)基材薄膜/易黏著層/硬塗層/IM(折射率匹配)層/透明導電層 (4) Substrate film / easy adhesion layer / hard coat layer / IM (index matching) layer / transparent conductive layer

(5)基材薄膜/易黏著層/硬塗層(因高折射率而兼作IM)/透明導電層 (5) Substrate film/adhesive layer/hard coat layer (also used as IM due to high refractive index)/transparent conductive layer

(6)基材薄膜/易黏著層/硬塗層(高折射率)/低折射率層/透明導電性薄膜 (6) Substrate film/adhesive layer/hard coat layer (high refractive index)/low refractive index layer/transparent conductive film

IM層因其自身為高折射率層/低折射率層之 積層構造(透明導電性薄膜側為低折射率層)，藉由加以使用，能夠觀看液晶顯示螢幕時不易看見ITO圖案。如上述(6)，亦可使IM層之高折射率層與硬塗層一體化，基於薄型化之觀點為較佳。 The IM layer is itself a high refractive index layer/low refractive index layer The laminated structure (the low-refractive-index layer on the side of the transparent conductive film) can be used to make it difficult to see the ITO pattern when viewing the liquid crystal display screen. As described in the above (6), the high refractive index layer of the IM layer and the hard coat layer may be integrated, and it is preferable from the viewpoint of thinning.

上述(3)~(6)之構造係特別適合使用於電容式觸控面板中。又，上述(2)~(6)之構造，基於可防止低聚物在基材薄膜表面析出之觀點為較佳，且較佳為在基材薄膜之另一單面亦設置硬塗層。 The above structures (3) to (6) are particularly suitable for use in a capacitive touch panel. Further, the structures (2) to (6) above are preferably based on the viewpoint of preventing the oligomer from being deposited on the surface of the base film, and it is preferable to provide a hard coat layer on the other side of the base film.

基材薄膜上之透明導電層係藉由導電性金屬氧化物所形成。構成透明導電層的導電性金屬氧化物不特別限定，係可使用選自包含銦、錫、鋅、鎵、銻、鈦、矽、鋯、鎂、鋁、金、銀、銅、鈀、鎢之群組中的至少1種金屬的導電性金屬氧化物。該金屬氧化物亦可視需求進一步含有上述群組所示之金屬原子。較佳之透明導電層為例如摻錫氧化銦(ITO)層及摻銻氧化錫(ATO)層，較佳為ITO層。又，透明導電層亦可為Ag奈米線、Ag印墨、Ag印墨之自組導電膜、網目狀電極、CNT印墨、導電性高分子。 The transparent conductive layer on the substrate film is formed of a conductive metal oxide. The conductive metal oxide constituting the transparent conductive layer is not particularly limited, and may be selected from the group consisting of indium, tin, zinc, gallium, germanium, titanium, lanthanum, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, and tungsten. A conductive metal oxide of at least one metal in the group. The metal oxide may further contain a metal atom as shown in the above group as needed. A preferred transparent conductive layer is, for example, a tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) layer and an antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) layer, preferably an ITO layer. Further, the transparent conductive layer may be an Ag nanowire, a Ag ink, a self-assembled conductive film of Ag ink, a mesh electrode, a CNT ink, or a conductive polymer.

透明導電層之厚度不特別限制，惟較佳為10nm以上，更佳為15~40nm，更佳為20~30nm。透明導電層之厚度為15nm以上時，易於獲得表面電阻例如為1×103Ω/□以下的良好連續被膜。又透明導電層之厚度為40nm以下時，則可作成透明性更高的層。 The thickness of the transparent conductive layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 15 to 40 nm, still more preferably 20 to 30 nm. When the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 15 nm or more, a good continuous film having a surface resistance of, for example, 1 × 10 3 Ω/□ or less is easily obtained. When the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 40 nm or less, a layer having higher transparency can be obtained.

透明導電層可依周知的程序來形成。可例示例如真空蒸鍍法、濺鍍法、離子鍍法。透明導電層可為 非晶性、亦可為結晶性者。作為形成結晶性透明導電層之方法，較佳為藉由在基材上暫時形成非晶膜後，將該非晶膜與可撓性透明基材一起進行加熱‧結晶化而形成。 The transparent conductive layer can be formed according to well-known procedures. For example, a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or an ion plating method can be exemplified. The transparent conductive layer can be Amorphous or crystalline. As a method of forming the crystalline transparent conductive layer, it is preferred to form the amorphous film by heating and crystallizing the amorphous film together with the flexible transparent substrate.

本發明之透明導電性薄膜亦可去除其透明導電層之面內的一部分而予以圖案化。透明導電層經圖案化的透明導電性薄膜係具有：在基材薄膜上形成透明導電層的圖案形成部；及在基材薄膜上不具有透明導電層的開口部。圖案形成部的形狀例如除條帶狀外，還可舉出方形等。 The transparent conductive film of the present invention can also be patterned by removing a part of the surface of the transparent conductive layer. The transparent conductive film which is patterned by the transparent conductive layer has a pattern forming portion in which a transparent conductive layer is formed on the base film, and an opening portion which does not have a transparent conductive layer on the base film. The shape of the pattern forming portion may be, for example, a square shape or the like in addition to the strip shape.

觸控面板係具有1片或2片以上之防爆薄膜作為上述透明基體為較佳。防爆薄膜亦可使用配向薄膜、或向來作為防爆薄膜使用的各種薄膜(例如就上述基材薄膜所記載的透明樹脂薄膜)。當設有2片以上之防爆薄膜時，彼等可由同一材料形成，亦可為相異。 It is preferable that the touch panel has one or two or more explosion-proof films as the transparent substrate. As the explosion-proof film, an alignment film or a film which is conventionally used as an explosion-proof film (for example, a transparent resin film described in the above-mentioned base film) may be used. When two or more explosion-proof films are provided, they may be formed of the same material or may be different.

偏光膜保護薄膜、基材薄膜、及防爆薄膜，在不妨礙本發明效果的範圍內可使其含有各種添加劑。可列舉例如紫外線吸收劑、無機粒子、耐熱性高分子粒子、鹼金屬化合物、鹼土金屬化合物、磷化合物、抗靜電劑、耐光劑、難燃劑、熱安定劑、抗氧化劑、凝膠抑制劑(gelation inhibitor)、界面活性劑等。此外，為發揮高透明性，亦以聚酯薄膜實質上不含粒子為佳。「實質上不含粒子」，係指例如為無機粒子時，在以螢光X射線分析(fluorescent X-ray analysis)來定量無機元素的情況下，以重量計其含量為50ppm以下，較佳為10ppm以下， 特佳為檢測極限以下。 The polarizing film protective film, the base film, and the explosion-proof film can contain various additives within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Examples thereof include an ultraviolet absorber, inorganic particles, heat resistant polymer particles, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a phosphorus compound, an antistatic agent, a light stabilizer, a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, and a gel inhibitor ( Gelation inhibitor), surfactant, and the like. Further, in order to exhibit high transparency, it is preferred that the polyester film contains substantially no particles. The term "substantially free of particles" means, for example, in the case of inorganic particles, when the inorganic element is quantified by fluorescent X-ray analysis, the content thereof is 50 ppm or less by weight, preferably 10ppm or less, It is especially good for the detection limit.

配向薄膜尚可具有各類機能層。作為此類機能層，可使用例如選自包含硬塗層、防眩層、抗反射層、低反射層、低反射防眩層、抗反射防眩層、抗靜電層、聚矽氧層、黏著層、防汙層、拒水層(water-repellent layer)及抗藍光(blue cut)層等之群組中的1種以上。藉由設置防眩層、抗反射層、低反射層、低反射防眩層、抗反射防眩層，可望有由斜向觀察時的色斑獲改善之效果。 The alignment film can also have various functional layers. As such a functional layer, for example, selected from the group consisting of a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer, an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer, a low reflection antiglare layer, an antireflection antiglare layer, an antistatic layer, a polyoxynitride layer, and adhesion can be used. One or more of the group of the layer, the antifouling layer, the water-repellent layer, and the blue cut layer. By providing an antiglare layer, an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer, a low reflection antiglare layer, and an antireflection antiglare layer, it is expected that the effect of improving the color spot when viewed obliquely is obtained.

於設置各類機能層時，較佳為配向薄膜表面具有易黏著層。此時，基於抑制反射光所產生的干涉之觀點，較佳為將易黏著層之折射率調整為機能層之折射率與配向薄膜之折射率的幾何平均附近。易黏著層之折射率的調整可採用周知的方法，例如可藉由使黏合劑樹脂含有鈦或鋯、其他金屬物種(metal species)來容易地加以調整。 When setting various functional layers, it is preferred that the surface of the alignment film has an easy adhesion layer. At this time, from the viewpoint of suppressing interference caused by the reflected light, it is preferable to adjust the refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer to the geometric mean of the refractive index of the functional layer and the refractive index of the alignment film. The refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer can be adjusted by a known method, for example, by making the binder resin contain titanium or zirconium, other metal species.

(硬塗層) (hard coating)

硬塗層只要為具有硬度及透明性的層即可，通常係利用作為「以紫外線或電子束為代表而使其硬化之游離輻射硬化性樹脂、以熱使其硬化之熱硬化性樹脂等的各種硬化性樹脂之硬化樹脂層」而形成者。為了對此等硬化性樹脂賦予適當柔軟性、其他物性等，亦可適當添加熱塑性樹脂等。即使於硬化性樹脂之中，基於可獲得具有代表性且優良的硬質塗膜之觀點，較佳為游離輻射硬化性樹脂。 The hard coat layer may be a layer having hardness and transparency, and is usually used as a "free radiation curable resin which is cured by ultraviolet rays or electron beams, and a thermosetting resin which is hardened by heat. The cured resin layer of various curable resins is formed. A thermoplastic resin or the like may be appropriately added in order to impart appropriate flexibility, other physical properties, and the like to the curable resin. Among the curable resins, a free radiation curable resin is preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining a representative and excellent hard coating film.

作為上述游離輻射硬化性樹脂，只要適當採用向來周知之樹脂即可。再者，作為游離輻射硬化性樹脂，可使用具代表性的具有乙烯性雙鍵之自由基聚合性化合物、環氧化合物等之類的陽離子聚合性化合物等，此等化合物作為單體、低聚物、預聚合物等，可單獨或適當組合2種以上而使用之。代表性的化合物係屬自由基聚合性化合物的各種(甲基)丙烯酸酯系化合物。(甲基)丙烯酸酯系化合物之中，作為以較低分子量使用的化合物，可列舉例如聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙烯醯酯(acryl(meth)acrylate)、環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、胺甲酸乙酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。 As the above-mentioned free radiation curable resin, a resin which is conventionally known can be suitably used. In addition, as the radical radiation-curable resin, a cationically polymerizable compound such as a radically polymerizable compound having an ethylenic double bond or an epoxy compound or the like can be used as a monomer, and these compounds can be used as a monomer and oligomerization. The material, the prepolymer, and the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Representative compounds are various (meth) acrylate compounds of radically polymerizable compounds. Among the (meth) acrylate-based compounds, examples of the compound used at a relatively low molecular weight include polyester (meth) acrylate, polyether (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylate acrylate ( Acryl (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, ethyl urethane (meth) acrylate, and the like.

作為單體，例如(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己酯、苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮等單官能單體；或者例如三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯等多官能單體等均可適當加以使用。(甲基)丙烯酸酯係指丙烯酸酯或者甲基丙烯酸酯。 As the monomer, for example, a monofunctional monomer such as ethyl (meth)acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, styrene, methylstyrene or N-vinylpyrrolidone; or, for example, trimethylolpropane Tris(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol six (a) A polyfunctional monomer such as acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate or neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate can be suitably used. (Meth) acrylate means acrylate or methacrylate.

以電子束使游離輻射硬化性樹脂硬化時，不需要光聚合起始劑，惟以紫外線使其硬化時，使用周知的光聚合起始劑。舉例而言，自由基聚合系統的情形，作為光聚合起始劑，可單獨或混合使用苯乙酮類、二苯甲酮類、9-氧硫(thioxanthone)類、安息香、安息香甲醚等。陽離子聚合系統的情形，作為光聚合起始劑， 可單獨或混合使用芳香族重氮鹽、芳香族鋶鹽、芳香族錪鹽、茂金屬化合物、安息香磺酸酯等。 When the free-radiation curable resin is cured by an electron beam, a photopolymerization initiator is not required, and when it is cured by ultraviolet rays, a well-known photopolymerization initiator is used. For example, in the case of a radical polymerization system, as a photopolymerization initiator, acetophenones, benzophenones, and 9-oxosulfuric may be used singly or in combination. (thioxanthone), benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, etc. In the case of the cationic polymerization system, as the photopolymerization initiator, an aromatic diazonium salt, an aromatic sulfonium salt, an aromatic sulfonium salt, a metallocene compound, a benzoin sulfonate or the like may be used singly or in combination.

硬塗層之厚度只要作成適當的厚度即可，例如作成0.1~100μm，惟通常係作成1~30μm。又，硬塗層可適當採用周知的各種塗布法來形成。 The thickness of the hard coat layer may be set to an appropriate thickness, for example, 0.1 to 100 μm, but usually 1 to 30 μm. Further, the hard coat layer can be formed by appropriately using various known coating methods.

游離輻射硬化性樹脂中，為調整適當物性等，亦可適當添加熱塑性樹脂或熱硬化性樹脂等。作為熱塑性樹脂或熱硬化性樹脂，可舉出各類型者，例如丙烯酸樹脂、胺甲酸乙酯樹脂、聚酯樹脂等。 In the free-radiation curable resin, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or the like may be appropriately added in order to adjust appropriate physical properties and the like. Examples of the thermoplastic resin or the thermosetting resin include acrylic resins, urethane resins, polyester resins, and the like.

為了對硬塗層賦予耐光性，並防止日光等所含之紫外線造成的變色、強度劣化、龜裂發生等，亦較佳為在游離輻射硬化性樹脂中添加紫外線吸收劑。當添加紫外線吸收劑時，為了確實防止因該紫外線吸收劑阻礙硬塗層之硬化，游離輻射硬化性樹脂係藉由電子束予以硬化為較佳。作為紫外線吸收劑，只要由苯并***系化合物、二苯甲酮系化合物等有機系紫外線吸收劑、或者粒徑0.2μm以下之微粒狀氧化鋅、氧化鈦、氧化鈰等無機系紫外線吸收劑等周知之物當中選出使用即可。紫外線吸收劑之添加量，在游離輻射硬化性樹脂組成物中係0.01~5質量%左右。為進一步提升耐光性，添加受阻胺系自由基捕捉劑等的自由基捕捉劑與紫外線吸收劑併用為較佳。再者，電子束照射係加速電壓70kV~1MV、照射劑量5~100kGy(0.5~10Mrad)左右。 In order to impart light resistance to the hard coat layer, and to prevent discoloration, strength deterioration, cracking, and the like due to ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight or the like, it is also preferred to add an ultraviolet absorber to the free radiation curable resin. When the ultraviolet absorber is added, in order to surely prevent the ultraviolet absorber from being hardened by the ultraviolet absorber, the free radiation curable resin is preferably cured by an electron beam. The ultraviolet absorber is an organic ultraviolet absorber such as a benzotriazole compound or a benzophenone compound, or an inorganic ultraviolet absorber such as particulate zinc oxide having a particle diameter of 0.2 μm or less, titanium oxide or cerium oxide. You can choose to use it among the well-known things. The amount of the ultraviolet absorber added is about 0.01 to 5% by mass in the free radiation curable resin composition. In order to further improve the light resistance, it is preferred to use a radical scavenger such as a hindered amine-based radical scavenger in combination with an ultraviolet absorber. Furthermore, the electron beam irradiation system has an accelerating voltage of 70 kV to 1 MV and an irradiation dose of about 5 to 100 kGy (0.5 to 10 Mrad).

(防眩層) (anti-glare layer)

作為防眩層，只要適當採用向來周知者即可，一般 而言係作為樹脂中分散有防眩劑的層而形成。作為防眩劑，可使用無機系或有機系之微粒。此等微粒的形狀係呈真球狀、橢圓形等。微粒宜為呈透明性者為佳。就此類微粒而言，例如作為無機系微粒可舉出氧化矽珠，作為有機系微粒則可舉出樹脂珠。作為樹脂珠，可列舉例如苯乙烯珠、三聚氰胺珠、丙烯酸珠、丙烯酸-苯乙烯珠、聚碳酸酯珠、聚乙烯珠、苯并肌胺-甲醛珠等。微粒一般相對於樹脂分100質量份，可添加2~30質量份，較佳為10~25質量份左右。 As the anti-glare layer, as long as it is appropriate to use it, it is generally It is formed as a layer in which an anti-glare agent is dispersed in a resin. As the anti-glare agent, inorganic or organic fine particles can be used. The shape of these fine particles is a true spherical shape, an elliptical shape or the like. It is preferred that the particles be transparent. Examples of such fine particles include cerium oxide beads as inorganic fine particles, and resin beads as organic fine particles. Examples of the resin beads include styrene beads, melamine beads, acrylic beads, acrylic-styrene beads, polycarbonate beads, polyethylene beads, benzoaramine-formaldehyde beads, and the like. The fine particles are generally added in an amount of 2 to 30 parts by mass, preferably about 10 to 25 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the resin.

分散保持有防眩劑的上述樹脂係與硬塗層相同，盡可能使硬度愈高愈佳。因此，作為上述樹脂，可使用例如於上述硬塗層所述游離輻射硬化性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂等的硬化性樹脂等。 The above-mentioned resin in which the anti-glare agent is dispersed and retained is the same as the hard coat layer, and the hardness is preferably as high as possible. Therefore, as the resin, for example, a curable resin such as the above-described hard coat layer, a free radiation curable resin, or a thermosetting resin can be used.

防眩層之厚度只要作成適當的厚度即可，通常係作成1~20μm左右。防眩層可適當採用周知的各種塗布法來形成。再者，供形成防眩層的塗液中，為防止防眩劑沉澱，較佳為適當添加氧化矽等周知之防沉降劑。 The thickness of the anti-glare layer may be an appropriate thickness, and is usually about 1 to 20 μm. The antiglare layer can be formed by appropriately using various known coating methods. Further, in the coating liquid for forming the antiglare layer, in order to prevent precipitation of the antiglare agent, it is preferred to appropriately add a known anti-settling agent such as cerium oxide.

(抗反射層) (anti-reflection layer)

作為抗反射層，只要適當採用向來周知者即可。一般而言，抗反射層至少包含低折射率層，而進一步包含使低折射率層與(折射率高於該低折射率層的)高折射率層交互鄰接積層並將表面側作為低折射率層的多層之層。低折射率層及高折射率層之各厚度只要作成對應用途的適當厚度即可，較佳為鄰接積層時各為0.1μm左右，低折射率層單獨時為0.1~1μm左右。 As the antireflection layer, any person who has been known to the outside can be used as appropriate. In general, the anti-reflective layer includes at least a low refractive index layer, and further includes alternating low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers (having a higher refractive index than the low refractive index layer) and a surface side as a low refractive index The multilayer layer of the layer. The thickness of each of the low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer may be appropriately set to a thickness corresponding to the application, and is preferably about 0.1 μm in the case of adjacent layers, and about 0.1 to 1 μm in the case of the low refractive index layer alone.

作為低折射率層，可列舉以薄膜形成法(例如蒸鍍、濺鍍、CVD等的物理或化學氣相沉積法)形成之使氧化矽、氟化鎂等低折射率物質含於樹脂中的層、氟系樹脂等低折射率樹脂的層、使低折射率物質含於低折射率樹脂中的層、包含氧化矽、氟化鎂等低折射率物質的層的薄膜；以由氧化矽溶膠液形成氧化矽凝膠膜的溶膠凝膠法所形成的膜；或者使作為低折射率物質之含空隙微粒含於樹脂中的層等。 Examples of the low refractive index layer include a film forming method (for example, physical or chemical vapor deposition such as vapor deposition, sputtering, or CVD), in which a low refractive index material such as cerium oxide or magnesium fluoride is contained in the resin. a layer of a low refractive index resin such as a layer or a fluorine-based resin, a layer containing a low refractive index substance in a low refractive index resin, and a film containing a layer of a low refractive index substance such as cerium oxide or magnesium fluoride; A film formed by a sol-gel method in which a liquid forms a cerium oxide gel film; or a layer containing void-containing fine particles as a low refractive index substance in a resin.

上述含空隙微粒係指內部含氣體之微粒、含氣體之多孔質結構微粒等，且相對於微粒固體部分原本的折射率，因該氣體產生的空隙使微粒整體之視折射率降低的微粒。作為此類含空隙微粒，可舉出日本特開2001-233611號公報所揭示的氧化矽微粒等。又作為含空隙微粒，除氧化矽之類的無機物以外，亦可舉出日本特開2002-805031號公報等所揭示的中空聚合物微粒。含空隙微粒之粒徑係例如5~300nm左右。 The void-containing fine particles are fine particles having gas-containing fine particles, gas-containing porous structure fine particles, and the like, and having a refractive index which is caused by the gas generated by the gas to reduce the refractive index of the entire fine particles. Examples of such void-containing fine particles include cerium oxide fine particles disclosed in JP-A-2001-233611. Further, as the void-containing fine particles, in addition to the inorganic substance such as cerium oxide, hollow polymer fine particles disclosed in JP-A-2002-805031 and the like can be mentioned. The particle diameter of the void-containing fine particles is, for example, about 5 to 300 nm.

作為高折射率層，可舉出以薄膜形成法(例如蒸鍍、濺鍍、CVD等的物理或化學氣相沉積法)形成之使氧化鈦、氧化鋯、氧化鋅等高折射率物質含於樹脂中的層、無氟樹脂等高折射率樹脂的層、使高折射率物質含於高折射率樹脂中的層、包含氧化鈦、氧化鋯、氧化鋅等高折射率物質的層的薄膜等。 The high refractive index layer is formed by a thin film formation method (for example, physical or chemical vapor deposition such as vapor deposition, sputtering, or CVD) to contain a high refractive index material such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or zinc oxide. a layer in a resin, a layer of a high refractive index resin such as a fluorine-free resin, a layer in which a high refractive index material is contained in a high refractive index resin, a film containing a layer of a high refractive index material such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or zinc oxide, or the like. .

(抗靜電層) (antistatic layer)

作為抗靜電層，只要適當採用向來周知者即可，一般而言，係作為樹脂中含有抗靜電層的層而形成。作為 抗靜電層，可使用有機系或無機系之化合物。舉例而言，作為有機系化合物之抗靜電層，可列舉陽離子系抗靜電劑、陰離子系抗靜電劑、兩性系抗靜電劑、非離子系抗靜電劑、有機金屬系抗靜電劑等，且此等抗靜電劑除可作為低分子化合物使用外，亦可作為高分子化合物使用。又作為抗靜電劑，亦可使用聚噻吩、聚苯胺等導電性聚合物等。且作為抗靜電劑，亦可使用例如包含金屬氧化物的導電性微粒等。導電性微粒之粒徑，基於透明性之觀點，例如平均粒徑為0.1nm~0.1μm左右。再者，作為該金屬氧化物，可列舉例如ZnO、CeO2、Sb2O2、SnO2、ITO(摻銦氧化錫)、In2O3、Al2O3、ATO(摻銻氧化錫)、AZO(摻鋁氧化鋅)等。 The antistatic layer may be suitably used as long as it is suitably used, and is generally formed as a layer containing an antistatic layer in the resin. As the antistatic layer, an organic or inorganic compound can be used. For example, examples of the antistatic layer of the organic compound include a cationic antistatic agent, an anionic antistatic agent, an amphoteric antistatic agent, a nonionic antistatic agent, and an organometallic antistatic agent. The antistatic agent can be used as a polymer compound in addition to being used as a low molecular compound. Further, as the antistatic agent, a conductive polymer such as polythiophene or polyaniline can also be used. Further, as the antistatic agent, for example, conductive fine particles containing a metal oxide or the like can be used. The particle diameter of the conductive fine particles is, for example, about 0.1 nm to 0.1 μm from the viewpoint of transparency. Further, examples of the metal oxide include ZnO, CeO 2 , Sb 2 O 2 , SnO 2 , ITO (indium-doped tin oxide), In 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , ATO (antimony-doped tin oxide). , AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide) and the like.

以含有抗靜電層的上述樹脂而言，例如，除使用如上述硬塗層所述之游離輻射硬化性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂等的硬化性樹脂等外，當形成抗靜電層作為中間層而不需要抗靜電層本身的表面強度時，亦使用熱塑性樹脂等。抗靜電層之厚度只要作成適當厚度即可，通常係作成0.01~5μm左右。抗靜電層可適當採用周知的各種塗布法來形成。 In the above-mentioned resin containing the antistatic layer, for example, an antistatic layer is formed as an intermediate layer in addition to a curable resin such as a free radiation curable resin or a thermosetting resin as described above for the hard coat layer. When the surface strength of the antistatic layer itself is not required, a thermoplastic resin or the like is also used. The thickness of the antistatic layer may be set to a suitable thickness, and is usually about 0.01 to 5 μm. The antistatic layer can be formed by appropriately using various known coating methods.

(防汙層) (anti-fouling layer)

作為防汙層，只要適當採用向來周知者即可，一般而言，可使用樹脂中含有矽油、矽氧樹脂等矽系化合物；氟系界面活性劑、氟系樹脂等氟系化合物；蠟等防汙染劑的塗料並以周知的塗布法來形成。防汙層之厚度只要作成適當厚度即可，通常可作成1~10μm左右。 As the antifouling layer, a conventionally known one can be used. In general, a fluorene-based compound such as an eucalyptus oil or a fluorene resin, a fluorine-based surfactant such as a fluorine-based surfactant or a fluorine-based resin, or a wax-based compound can be used. The coating of the contaminating agent is formed by a well-known coating method. The thickness of the antifouling layer may be set to a suitable thickness, and may be usually about 1 to 10 μm.

[實施例] [Examples]

以下，茲舉出實施例對本發明更具體地加以說明，惟本發明不因下述實施例而受限制，在可合乎本發明意旨的範圍內可適當加以變更來實施，且彼等均包含於本發明技術範圍內。 In the following, the present invention will be specifically described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and can be appropriately modified and implemented in the scope of the present invention, and they are all included in Within the technical scope of the present invention.

製作具備下述「影像顯示裝置之構造」一項所示構造之觸控面板的影像顯示裝置，並於觀測側表面，以與觀測側表面呈平行的方式配置偏光薄膜，使其顯示白影像。在維持前述平行狀態下使偏光薄膜之偏光軸旋轉360度，同時經由偏光薄膜自正面注視白影像並確認虹斑發生之有無及程度，依下述基準加以評定。 An image display device having a touch panel having the structure shown in the following "Structure of Image Display Device" was produced, and a polarizing film was disposed on the observation side surface so as to be parallel to the observation side surface to display a white image. The polarization axis of the polarizing film was rotated by 360 degrees while maintaining the parallel state, and the white image was observed from the front through the polarizing film to confirm the presence or absence of rainbow spots, and the evaluation was performed according to the following criteria.

<評定基準> <Assessment Benchmark>

◎：從正面觀察時，未觀察到虹斑。 ◎: No rainbow spots were observed when viewed from the front.

○：從正面觀察時，觀察到微弱的虹斑。 ○: A weak rainbow spot was observed when viewed from the front.

×：從正面觀察時，觀察到強烈的虹斑。 ×: A strong rainbow spot was observed when viewed from the front.

<影像顯示裝置之構造> <Configuration of Image Display Device>

(1)背光光源：白色LED或冷陰極管 (1) Backlight source: white LED or cold cathode tube

(2)影像顯示單元：液晶胞 (2) Image display unit: liquid crystal cell

(3)觀測側偏光板：包含PVA與碘的偏光膜兩側貼合有TAC薄膜的偏光板 (3) Observing side polarizing plate: polarizing plate with TAC film bonded to both sides of polarizing film containing PVA and iodine

(4)光源側防爆薄膜：組合使用1片或2片下述配向薄膜A~C(參照下表4)。使用2片配向薄膜時，係以彼此的配向主軸呈平行的方式貼合。 (4) Explosion-proof film on the light source side: One or two of the following alignment films A to C are used in combination (refer to Table 4 below). When two alignment films are used, they are bonded in parallel with each other.

配向薄膜A Alignment film A

將固有黏度0.62dl/g之PET樹脂粒於135℃減壓乾燥 (1Torr)6小時後，供給至擠壓機，於285℃予以溶解。將該聚合物以不鏽鋼燒結體之濾材(標稱過濾精密度10μm粒子95%濾除)過濾，自噴嘴擠出成片狀後，使用靜電流延法(electrostatic casting method)予以捲繞於表面溫度30℃之流延鼓輪(casting drum)並冷卻固化，而作成未延伸薄膜。 The PET resin pellet having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl/g was dried at 135 ° C under reduced pressure. After 6 hours (1 Torr), it was supplied to an extruder and dissolved at 285 °C. The polymer was filtered through a stainless steel sintered body filter material (95% filtration of nominal filtration precision 10 μm particles), extruded into a sheet shape from a nozzle, and then wound on a surface temperature by an electrostatic casting method. The casting drum at 30 ° C is cooled and solidified to form an unstretched film.

將未延伸薄膜導引至拉幅延伸機，一面以夾子夾持薄膜之端部，一面予以導向溫度125℃之熱風區，朝寬度方向延伸達4.0倍。接著，在保持朝寬度方向延伸的寬度之狀態下，以溫度225℃、30秒施予處理，繼而朝寬度方向進行3%的緩和處理，得到薄膜厚度約100μm的單軸配向之配向薄膜A。遲滯值為10200nm。Rth為13233nm；Re/Rth比為0.771。 The unstretched film was guided to the tenter stretching machine, and the end portion of the film was sandwiched by a clip, and guided to a hot air region at a temperature of 125 ° C, and extended to 4.0 times in the width direction. Then, while maintaining the width extending in the width direction, the treatment was carried out at a temperature of 225 ° C for 30 seconds, and then 3% relaxation treatment was carried out in the width direction to obtain a uniaxially aligned alignment film A having a film thickness of about 100 μm. The hysteresis value is 10200 nm. Rth was 13233 nm; the Re/Rth ratio was 0.771.

配向薄膜B Alignment film B

除藉由變更未延伸薄膜之厚度而將薄膜厚度作成約80μm以外，係以與配向薄膜A同樣的方式製得單軸配向之配向薄膜B。遲滯值為8300nm。 The uniaxially aligned alignment film B was produced in the same manner as the alignment film A except that the film thickness was changed to about 80 μm by changing the thickness of the unstretched film. The hysteresis value is 8300 nm.

配向薄膜C Alignment film C

除藉由變更未延伸薄膜之厚度而將薄膜厚度作成約50μm以外，係以與配向薄膜A同樣的方式製得單軸配向之配向薄膜C。遲滯值為5200nm。Rth為6600nm；Re/Rth比為0.788。 The uniaxially aligned alignment film C was produced in the same manner as the alignment film A except that the film thickness was changed to about 50 μm by changing the thickness of the unstretched film. The hysteresis value is 5200 nm. Rth is 6600 nm; the Re/Rth ratio is 0.788.

(5)觸控面板：使用玻璃基材上設有包含ITO的透明導電層之ITO玻璃所製成的電阻膜方式觸控面板 (5) Touch panel: a resistive film type touch panel made of ITO glass provided with a transparent conductive layer containing ITO on a glass substrate

(6)觀測側防爆薄膜：組合使用1片或2片下述 配向薄膜1~5(參照下表4)。使用2片配向薄膜時，係以彼此的配向主軸呈平行的方式貼合。 (6) Explosion-proof film on the observation side: use one or two pieces in combination as follows Alignment film 1~5 (refer to Table 4 below). When two alignment films are used, they are bonded in parallel with each other.

配向薄膜1 Alignment film 1

以與配向薄膜A同樣的方式製得遲滯值為10200nm的配向薄膜1。Rth為13233nm；Re/Rth比為0.771。 An alignment film 1 having a hysteresis value of 10200 nm was obtained in the same manner as the alignment film A. Rth was 13233 nm; the Re/Rth ratio was 0.771.

配向薄膜2 Alignment film 2

以與配向薄膜B同樣的方式製得遲滯值為8300nm的配向薄膜2。 An alignment film 2 having a hysteresis value of 8300 nm was obtained in the same manner as the alignment film B.

配向薄膜3 Alignment film 3

除藉由變更未延伸薄膜之厚度而將薄膜厚度作成約65μm以外，係以與配向薄膜A同樣的方式製得單軸配向之配向薄膜3。遲滯值為6600nm。 The uniaxially-aligned alignment film 3 was produced in the same manner as the alignment film A except that the film thickness was changed to about 65 μm by changing the thickness of the unstretched film. The hysteresis value is 6600 nm.

配向薄膜4 Alignment film 4

以與配向薄膜C同樣的方式製得遲滯值為5200nm的配向薄膜4。Rth為6600nm；Re/Rth比為0.788。 An alignment film 4 having a hysteresis value of 5200 nm was obtained in the same manner as the alignment film C. Rth is 6600 nm; the Re/Rth ratio is 0.788.

配向薄膜5 Alignment film 5

除將未延伸薄膜，使用加熱的輥群及紅外線加熱器加熱至105℃，其後以具有周速差的輥群朝行進方向延伸達2.0倍後，以與配向薄膜A同樣的方法朝寬度方向延伸達4.0倍以外，係以與配向薄膜A同樣的方式製得薄膜厚度約50μm的二軸配向之配向薄膜5。遲滯值為3200nm。Rth為7340nm；Re/Rth比為0.436。 The unstretched film was heated to 105 ° C using a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then the roll group having the circumferential speed difference was extended by 2.0 times in the traveling direction, and then oriented in the width direction in the same manner as the alignment film A. A biaxially aligned alignment film 5 having a film thickness of about 50 μm was produced in the same manner as the alignment film A except that the stretching was 4.0 times. The hysteresis value is 3200 nm. Rth is 7340 nm; the Re/Rth ratio is 0.436.

光源側防爆薄膜及觀測側防爆薄膜係以此等之中遲滯較高的配向薄膜之配向主軸與觀測側偏光膜之偏光軸所形成之角度呈45度的方式配置。又，遲滯值較 低的配向薄膜則以其配向主軸與遲滯較高的配向薄膜之配向主軸所形成之角呈30度的方式配置來進行上述虹斑評定(◎、○、×)。且，在試驗No.13中，作為光源側防爆薄膜使用的2片配向薄膜係以彼等之配向主軸所形成之角呈7度的方式配置。此外，有別於上述虹斑評定，未將觀測側之配向薄膜固定，而係一面使其旋轉一面評定虹斑。 The light source side explosion-proof film and the observation side explosion-proof film are disposed such that the angle between the alignment main axis of the alignment film having a high hysteresis and the polarization axis of the observation side polarizing film is 45 degrees. Again, the hysteresis value is The low alignment film was arranged such that the angle formed by the alignment main axis and the alignment main axis of the alignment film having a high hysteresis was 30 degrees to perform the above-described rainbow spot evaluation (?, ○, ×). Further, in Test No. 13, the two alignment films used as the light source side explosion-proof film were arranged such that the angle formed by the alignment main axes thereof was 7 degrees. In addition, unlike the above-mentioned rainbow spot evaluation, the alignment film on the observation side was not fixed, and the rainbow spot was evaluated while rotating one side.

遲滯(Re)係如下測定。亦即，使用二片偏光板，求出薄膜之配向主軸方向，並以配向主軸方向呈正交的方式切出4cm×2cm之長方形，而作成測定用試樣。對該試樣，藉由亞貝折射率計(ATAGO公司製NAR-4T)求取正交的二軸之折射率(Nx，Ny)及厚度方向之折射率(Nz)，並求出前述二軸之折射率差的絕對值(| Nx-Ny |)作為折射率之不等向性(△Nxy)。薄膜之厚度d(nm)係使用電測微計(FEINPRUF公司製Millitron 1245D)來測定，將單位換算成nm。藉由折射率之不等向性(△Nxy)與薄膜之厚度d(nm)的積(△Nxy×d)求出遲滯(Re)。又，以與遲滯的測定同樣的方法求取Nx、Ny、Nz與薄膜厚度d(nm)，算出(△Nxz×d)、(△Nyz×d)之平均值而求出厚度方向遲滯(Rth)。 The hysteresis (Re) was measured as follows. In other words, a two-plate polarizing plate was used to obtain a direction of the main axis of the film, and a rectangle of 4 cm × 2 cm was cut in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the main axis to prepare a sample for measurement. The refractive index (Nx, Ny) of the orthogonal two axes and the refractive index (Nz) of the thickness direction were obtained by the Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T manufactured by ATAGO Co., Ltd.), and the above two were obtained. The absolute value of the refractive index difference of the axis (|Nx-Ny|) is used as the anisotropy of the refractive index (ΔNxy). The thickness d (nm) of the film was measured using an electric micrometer (Millitron 1245D manufactured by FEINPRUF Co., Ltd.), and the unit was converted into nm. The hysteresis (Re) is obtained by the product of the anisotropy (ΔNxy) of the refractive index and the thickness d (nm) of the film (ΔNxy × d). Further, Nx, Ny, and Nz and the film thickness d (nm) were obtained by the same method as the measurement of the hysteresis, and the average value of (ΔNxz × d) and (ΔNyz × d) was calculated to obtain the thickness direction retardation (Rth). ).

將評定結果示於下表2。 The evaluation results are shown in Table 2 below.

如上表2所示，在觀測側偏光膜之觀測側設置具有3000nm以上之遲滯的配向薄膜2片，且各配向薄膜之遲滯相同時，確認發生明確的虹斑，辨視性顯著降低。另一方面，藉由於2片配向薄膜之遲滯值賦予1800nm以上之差，確認虹斑的發生獲抑制，且其效果藉由進一步提高遲滯差而變得顯著。又，確認2片配向薄膜之遲滯差只要為約3500nm以上，尤為4000nm以上，則2片配向薄膜之配向主軸所形成之角縱使為45度，虹斑亦不明顯，且即使進一步增大薄膜之配向角，虹斑亦不明顯。確認2片配向薄膜之遲滯差為1700nm以下時，兩薄膜之配向主軸的角為20度以下，虹斑不明顯，而為15度以下更不明顯。 As shown in the above Table 2, when two sheets of the alignment film having a hysteresis of 3000 nm or more were provided on the observation side of the observation-side polarizing film, and the hysteresis of each alignment film was the same, it was confirmed that a clear rainbow spot occurred, and the visibility was remarkably lowered. On the other hand, the retardation value of the two alignment films was given a difference of 1800 nm or more, and it was confirmed that the occurrence of rainbow spots was suppressed, and the effect was remarkable by further increasing the hysteresis difference. Further, it is confirmed that the retardation difference between the two alignment films is about 3,500 nm or more, particularly 4,000 nm or more, and the angle formed by the alignment main axes of the two alignment films is 45 degrees, and the rainbow spots are not noticeable, and even if the film is further enlarged The alignment angle is not obvious. When the retardation difference of the two alignment films is 1700 nm or less, the angle of the alignment main axes of the two films is 20 degrees or less, the rainbow spots are not conspicuous, and the angles below 15 degrees are less noticeable.

2片配向薄膜之配向主軸所形成之角為20度~45度時，只要滿足下式「該角(度)≦0.00667×遲滯差+13」則顯示虹斑不明顯，較佳為滿足「該角(度)≦0.00667×遲滯差+23」，此顯示可更有效地抑制虹斑。 When the angle formed by the alignment main axes of the two alignment films is 20 to 45 degrees, as long as the following formula "the angle (degree) ≦ 0.00667 × hysteresis difference + 13" is satisfied, the rainbow spot is not obvious, and it is preferable to satisfy the Angle (degrees) ≦ 0.00667 × hysteresis difference +23", this display can suppress rainbow spots more effectively.

Claims (3)

一種影像顯示裝置，其具有：(1)具有連續發光光譜的白色光源；(2)影像顯示單元；(3)配置於該影像顯示單元之觀測側的偏光膜；及(4)在該偏光膜之觀測側之具有3000nm以上150000nm以下之遲滯的配向薄膜2片；該2片配向薄膜，彼等之配向主軸彼此略呈平行、或具有彼此相異之遲滯，其差為1800nm以上。 An image display device comprising: (1) a white light source having a continuous light emission spectrum; (2) an image display unit; (3) a polarizing film disposed on an observation side of the image display unit; and (4) a polarizing film disposed on the image On the observation side, there are two alignment films having a hysteresis of 3,000 nm or more and 150,000 nm or less; the two alignment films have their alignment main axes slightly parallel to each other or have different hysteresis, and the difference is 1800 nm or more. 如請求項1之影像顯示裝置，其中該2片配向薄膜之遲滯的差為3500nm以上。 The image display device of claim 1, wherein the difference in hysteresis between the two alignment films is 3500 nm or more. 如請求項1或2之影像顯示裝置，其中該具有連續發光光譜的白色光源係白色發光二極體。 The image display device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the white light source having a continuous light emission spectrum is a white light emitting diode.
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