201143271 ' 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明主張第099117114號為優先權基礎案。 本發明係涉及無刷永磁動力機構的發電控制方法，係利用控 制與無刷永磁動力機構之各相電性連接的各個開關為導通，斷開 ’使無刷永軸力麟哺子祕轉換成電 4出至Ί路系統，該電路系統包含但不限於電力儲存裝置或 負載使用之應用裝置。利用本發明之技術，無刷永磁動力機構 之轉=卩=在轉料村_有效 【先前技術】 請參考圖9，係以也D ^ ^ 糸乂無刷永磁電動機為例，說明其中一 :的驅動器驅動電路於發電狀態下開關作動的等效電路 ㈤在毛電模式下，先將驅動器上下各有一個開關同時開 =亦即開關Q1、Q4同時開啟或者是開關Q2、Q3 =，:對線圈電感l充電，其電感的感應一 斷門咖二。當違兩個開關Q卜Q4或〆同時 斷開（OFF) ’將野電力德 < 了的 A MB充電，其_€感 感應電壓VL為l di/dt=vb + kew 由充電時電壓的平衡方:來看 kew與電 ==高更高才能對電力儲存二電，這樣會 導致發電效果不佳。 201143271 再者’目前電動機車的切換發電模式係為電壓（1说7控 制（亦即以電壓控制）。圖描述電動機車在電壓duty控制 下的電壓扭力值及轉速的關係曲線。由於電動機車的扭力 表現是由電壓所控制，以50%的電壓duty為例，若由靜止 油門馬上開到50% duty ’扭力作用如虛線所示，啟動扭矩大，但 扭矩會瞬間下降’導致騎乘時變成突然往前衝之後再迅速下降， 造成不順暢的騎乘感覺，更有可能造成危險。 相對地，在發電模式時’若由無發電狀態馬上開到5〇% duty 發電’初期扭力會突然增加到最大，再從最大扭力瞬間下降至5〇% duty ’因此會形成如緊急煞車（即引擎煞車）般的頓挫情況，容易 造成不順暢及騎乘的危險。 【發明内容】 有鑑於此，本發明之主要目的，係提供一種發電控制方 法’可應用於電動機或發電機，在該電動機或發電機既有 的控制電路和驅動電路下，利用不同的開關切換方式，將 電動機或發電機的轉動動能’以最高的轉換效率轉換成電 缺 〇 本發明的次一目的，係在相序處理造成最大發電，利 用最佳的開關切換方式，可以讓電動機或發電機的轉動動 能，以最大的能量轉換方式轉換成電能。 本發明的再一目的，係在微處理器（MCIJ或CPU)的電 流感測兀件信號處理方式’利用電流感測元件的電流信號 201143271 t首：i唬數值的位移手法’讓微處理器可以最簡單的方 式直接處理電流信號而不會損壞。 明的再―目的’係在—種具有馬達模式和發電模 式的電動機上使用 电 由電流所控制。 弗方去時’電動機的扭力是 電機的^ 述目的’係提供—種適料電動機或發 空制方法，包括以一控制電路控制-驅動電201143271 ' VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention claims that No. 099117114 is a priority basis. The invention relates to a power generation control method of a brushless permanent magnet power mechanism, which is characterized in that each switch electrically connected with each phase of a brushless permanent magnet power mechanism is turned on and off, so that the brushless permanent axis force is fed. The system is converted into an electric circuit to the circuit, and the circuit system includes, but is not limited to, a power storage device or an application device for use in a load. Using the technology of the present invention, the rotation of the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism = 卩 = in the transfer village _ effective [prior art] Please refer to Figure 9, taking the D ^ ^ 糸乂 brushless permanent magnet motor as an example, illustrating A: The equivalent circuit of the driver drive circuit in the power generation state of the switch (5) In the flash mode, first open and close one switch of the driver at the same time = that is, the switch Q1, Q4 are simultaneously turned on or the switch Q2, Q3 =, : Charging the coil inductor l, the inductance of the inductor is broken. When the two switches Q Q4 or 〆 are simultaneously turned off (OFF) 'The A MB of the wild power de' is charged, its sense voltage VL is l di / dt = vb + kew by the voltage at the time of charging Balanced side: If you look at kew and electricity == high, you can store two electricity for electricity, which will result in poor power generation. 201143271 Furthermore, the current switching mode of the electric motor vehicle is voltage (1 said 7 control (that is, with voltage control). The figure shows the relationship between the voltage torque value and the rotational speed of the electric motor under the voltage duty control. Torque performance is controlled by voltage. Take 50% voltage duty as an example. If the static throttle is opened to 50% duty immediately, the torque will be as shown by the dotted line. The starting torque is large, but the torque will drop instantaneously. Suddenly, it will fall rapidly after rushing forward, resulting in a feeling of unsatisfactory riding, which is more likely to cause danger. In contrast, in the power generation mode, if the power generation state is immediately turned on to 5〇%, the power generation will suddenly increase. When it reaches the maximum, it will drop from the maximum torque moment to 5〇% duty', so it will form a setback like an emergency brake (ie, engine brake), which is likely to cause a risk of slippery and riding. [Invention] In view of this, this The main object of the invention is to provide a power generation control method that can be applied to an electric motor or a generator, where the electric control of the electric motor or the generator is Under the driving circuit, using different switching modes, the rotational kinetic energy of the motor or generator is converted into the electrical defect with the highest conversion efficiency. The second purpose of the present invention is to maximize the power generation in the phase sequence processing, and to utilize the best. The switch mode can be used to convert the rotational kinetic energy of the motor or generator into electrical energy in the maximum energy conversion mode. Another object of the present invention is the current sensing component signal processing of the microprocessor (MCIJ or CPU). The way 'Using the current sensing element's current signal 201143271 t first: i唬 value displacement method' allows the microprocessor to directly process the current signal in the simplest way without damage. The re-purpose of the The electric motor used in the motor mode and the power generation mode is controlled by the current. When the Flange goes, the torque of the motor is the purpose of the motor. The method of supplying the motor or the air supply method, including control by a control circuit - Drive power
…括至少二組開關’該各組開關之間為並聯， =串Γ包第—開關及—第二開關，該第-開關及第二開 垃，包合轉子、定子及磁場_力機構之各相係分別地 連接在各該組開關之該第—開關與該第二開關之間，至少一轉子 位置檢出耕感測該轉子的位置信號；各該組_係電性連接一 電路系統’該電路系統包含但不限於電力儲存裝置或供負載使用 之應用裝置。該發電控制方法包括：各該第二開關依該轉子之 各位置信號，對各該第二開關進行脈寬調變導通/斷開之切 換’而各§亥第一開關則一直維持斷開。 本發明的發電控制方法使上述動力機構於轉子低轉速時仍能 有效的將轉子動能轉換為電能。該轉子之轉動及轉速係由一入力 裝置所驅動的，所述的入力裝置包含但不限於受風力或水力作用 而轉動的旋轉裝置° 以下在實施万式中詳細敘述本發明之詳細特徵以及優 點，其内容足以使任何熟習相關技藝者了解本發明之技術 201143271 内容並據讀施，且根據本朗書所揭露之内容、申請專 利範圍及圖示’任何熟習相_#者可輕易地理解本發明 相關之目的及優點。 【實施方式】 兹配合圖式將本發明較佳實施例詳細說明如下。 請參考圖1，係表示本發明所運用之動作原理的電路 不意圖；此電路示意圖為直流轉換器⑽t。dc)之升壓轉 二極體D、一電容器C、一負載R丨。ad 換器（boost converter)電路，係包含—電力儲存裝置b、一 電感L、一開關Q、 及一輸出電壓V。。 在此電路巾u肖㈣L的仙，將電能和磁場能 相互轉換的能量暫時儲存起來，當開關Q導通時，電力儲 存裝置B的電壓Vbfi電感L進行充電，電感L將電能轉 換爲磁場能儲存起來。 此時電感L的端電壓\為\=Ldi/dt。 當開關Q斷開時，電感L上的電壓反向，和電力儲存 裝置B的輸人電壓Vb串聯，二極❹導通，對電以進 行充電，從而可以將電容c的轉充至高於電力儲存裝置 B的輸出電壓V。。由於這個輸出電壓％是輸人電壓^和 電感的磁辦轉換爲電能的叠加後形成的，所以輸出電 壓V。面於輪入電壓Vb，即完成升壓過程（κ + 匕）。 在圖1所示的電路圖中，開關Q係為功率晶體 -Λ日日 201143271 體的開、關係由脈寬調變(PWM)電路控制；而輸出電壓V。 可以由脈寬調變(PWM)的ΟΝ/OFF(導通/斷開）百分比決定。 請參考圖2，係表示本發明之驅動電路與一包含轉子、 定子及磁場的動力機構1〇(例電動機或發電機)的連結示意圖。 當動力機構10之轉子的轉速不為〇就有反電動勢kew產 生’動力機構10的線圈是繞線，因此本身也是電感ML;所 以，等效電路如圖3。 .請參考圖4，係表示動力機構1〇其中二相之驅動電路 於發電狀態下開關作動的等效電路圖；當開關Q2導通時， 動力機構10之二相之間形成短路的迴路，因為動力機構1〇 之轉子的轉動造成磁場切割進而形成反電動勢kew，此反 電動勢kew會對線圈電感ML持續充電，讓電感ML儲存 能量，其反電動勢kew會等於電感ML的電壓VL=Ldi/dt。 當開關Q2斷開時，電感ML上的電壓反向，電流會經 #由二極體D跟電路系統E產生迴路，因電路系統E之電壓 Vb與反電動勢kew串聯後之電壓會小於電感紙上的電壓 VL’進而可以對電路系統£產生電力。當電路系統£為電 力儲存裝置時則進行充電，當電路系統它為負載應用装置 時則直接提供負載使用。...including at least two sets of switches, 'the parallel switches between the sets of switches, the first switch and the second switch, the first switch and the second open, including the rotor, the stator and the magnetic field force mechanism Each phase system is respectively connected between the first switch and the second switch of each group of switches, and at least one rotor position is detected to sense the position signal of the rotor; each of the groups is electrically connected to a circuit system. 'The circuit system includes, but is not limited to, a power storage device or an application device for use by a load. The power generation control method includes: each of the second switches performs pulse width modulation on/off switching on each of the second switches according to respective position signals of the rotors, and each of the first switches remains disconnected. The power generation control method of the present invention enables the power mechanism to efficiently convert rotor kinetic energy into electrical energy at a low rotational speed of the rotor. The rotation and the rotational speed of the rotor are driven by a force input device, which includes, but is not limited to, a rotating device that is rotated by wind or hydraulic force. The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail below. The content is sufficient for any familiar artisan to understand the contents of the technology of the present invention 201143271 and to read it, and according to the contents disclosed in the book, the scope of the patent application and the illustration 'any familiar phase _# can easily understand this The objects and advantages associated with the invention. [Embodiment] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a circuit diagram showing the principle of operation of the present invention; the circuit diagram is a DC converter (10)t. The boosting of dc) is diode D, a capacitor C, and a load R 丨. The boost converter circuit includes a power storage device b, an inductor L, a switch Q, and an output voltage V. . In this circuit towel, the energy of the electric energy and the magnetic field can be temporarily stored. When the switch Q is turned on, the voltage Vbfi of the power storage device B is charged, and the inductance L converts the electric energy into a magnetic field. stand up. At this time, the terminal voltage of the inductor L is \=Ldi/dt. When the switch Q is disconnected, the voltage on the inductor L is reversed, and is connected in series with the input voltage Vb of the power storage device B. The two poles are turned on, and the electricity is charged to charge the capacitor c to be higher than the power storage. The output voltage V of device B. . Since this output voltage % is formed by the input voltage ^ and the magnetic conversion of the inductance into a superposition of electric energy, the output voltage V is output. In the case of the wheeling voltage Vb, the boosting process (κ + 匕) is completed. In the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 1, the switch Q is a power crystal - the day of the day 201143271 is turned on, the relationship is controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit, and the output voltage is V. It can be determined by the ΟΝ/OFF (on/off) percentage of pulse width modulation (PWM). Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the driving circuit of the present invention and a power mechanism 1 (including an electric motor or a generator) including a rotor, a stator and a magnetic field. When the rotational speed of the rotor of the power mechanism 10 is not 〇, the counter electromotive force kev is generated. The coil of the power mechanism 10 is wound, and thus the inductance ML itself; therefore, the equivalent circuit is as shown in Fig. 3. Referring to FIG. 4, it is an equivalent circuit diagram of the driving mechanism of the power mechanism 1 in which the two phases of the driving circuit are switched in the power generating state; when the switch Q2 is turned on, a short circuit is formed between the two phases of the power mechanism 10 because of the power. The rotation of the rotor of the mechanism 1 causes the magnetic field to be cut to form a counter electromotive force kew. The back electromotive force kew continuously charges the coil inductance ML, and the inductance ML stores energy, and the back electromotive force kew is equal to the voltage VL=Ldi/dt of the inductance ML. When the switch Q2 is turned off, the voltage on the inductor ML is reversed, and the current will be looped by the diode D and the circuit system E. Since the voltage Vb of the circuit system E and the counter electromotive force kew are connected in series, the voltage will be smaller than that on the inductor paper. The voltage VL' can in turn generate electricity to the circuitry. Charging occurs when the circuitry is a power storage device and provides load directly when the circuitry is a load application.
其電感ML的電壓vL = Ldi/dt等於Vb減掉反電動勢 kew’·所以’只要動力機構1〇在低速轉動時即可以進行發電。 請參考圖5,係表示本發明應用於三相㈣永磁W 201143271 機構10在馬達驅動模式及發電模式的開關切換說明圖，其 係說明如何讓無刷永磁動力機構10以最大的發電量發電。 本實施例係以三相無刷永磁動力機構10且轉子位置檢出元 件是以霍爾元件為例進行說明，在具有不同相數之動力機構 10中可設置不同數量的霍爾元件。 無刷永磁動力機構10上設置有偵測轉子位置的三個轉 子位置檢出元件之霍爾元件HU、HV、HW，藉此以感測位 置信號取、心、^〜，並以控制電路3(如圖6所示）去對開 關Q1〜Q6進行適當的脈寬調變斤貿⑷之〇N/〇FF切換，以 期達到最佳的運轉條件；當無刷永磁動力機構1〇在發電模 式下，開關Q2、Q4、Q0依位置信號Hu、Hv、Hw的不同 去進行適當的脈寬調變(PWM)ON/OFF切換，開關Q1、Q3、 Q5則一直維持在OFF(斷開）而不做任何切換。相反地，亦 可由開關Q2、Q4、Q6 —直維持在OFF(斷開）而不做任何 切換’而以開關Q卜Q3、Q5依位置信號Hu、Hv、Hw的 不同去進行適當的脈寬調變（PWM)ON/OFF切換，可以達 到相同的效果。前述一直維持在0FF(斷開）的開關Q我們 稱呼為第一開關’而依位置信號去進行適當的脈寬調變 (PWM)ON/OFF切換的開關Q則以第二開關稱呼。 舉例而言，當霍爾元件HU、HV、HW之位置信號hu、 Hv、Hw为別為《一位元的1、0、〇時，在馬達模式下開關 Ql、Q6導通，以使動力機構10進行正常運轉；若在發電 201143271 r模式下，則將開關Q2導通，讓轉子切割磁場對動力 H)之線圈電感紙充電’再利用如圖4所述之原理，亦即 當開關Q2導通時，無刷永磁動力機構1〇 一 —相之間形成 短路的迴路，因為無刷永磁動力機構1〇之轉子的轉動造成 磁場切割進而形成反電動勢kew，此反電動勢“會對線 圈電感ML持續充電，讓電感^^^儲存能量，其反電動勢 kew會等於電感ML的電壓Vl =Ldi/dt，當開關Q2斷開時， 參電感ML上的電壓反向’電流會經由二極體跟電路系統£ 產生迴路，因電路系統E之電壓Vb與反電動勢_串聯 後之電壓會小於電感ML上的電壓Vl，進而可以對電路系 統E產生電力。當電路系統E為電力儲存裂置時則進行充 電，當電路系統E為負载應用裝置時則直接提供負載使 用。由於電感ML的電壓VL=Ldi/dt等於％減掉反電動勢The voltage of the inductance ML, vL = Ldi/dt, is equal to Vb minus the counter electromotive force kew'. Therefore, power can be generated as long as the power mechanism 1 is rotated at a low speed. Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram of switching between the three-phase (four) permanent magnet W 201143271 mechanism 10 in the motor driving mode and the power generation mode, which explains how to make the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism 10 have the maximum power generation amount. Power generation. In the present embodiment, the three-phase brushless permanent magnet power mechanism 10 is used and the rotor position detecting component is described by taking a Hall element as an example. Different numbers of Hall elements can be disposed in the power mechanism 10 having different phase numbers. The brushless permanent magnet power mechanism 10 is provided with Hall elements HU, HV, HW of three rotor position detecting elements for detecting the position of the rotor, thereby sensing the position signal, the center, and the control circuit. 3 (as shown in Figure 6) to switch the switch Q1~Q6 to the appropriate pulse width modulation (4) 〇 N / 〇 FF switch, in order to achieve the best operating conditions; when the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism 1 In the power generation mode, switches Q2, Q4, and Q0 perform appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) ON/OFF switching depending on the position signals Hu, Hv, and Hw, and switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 remain OFF (disconnected). ) without making any changes. Conversely, the switches Q2, Q4, and Q6 can be kept OFF (disconnected without any switching), and the appropriate pulse widths can be made by the switches Q, Q3, and Q5 depending on the position signals Hu, Hv, and Hw. Modulation (PWM) ON/OFF switching can achieve the same effect. The switch Q, which has been maintained at 0FF (off) for the time being, is referred to as the first switch, and the switch Q for performing appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) ON/OFF switching according to the position signal is referred to as the second switch. For example, when the position signals hu, Hv, and Hw of the Hall elements HU, HV, and HW are 1, 0, 〇 of one bit, the switches Q1 and Q6 are turned on in the motor mode to make the power mechanism. 10 for normal operation; if in the power generation 201143271 r mode, the switch Q2 is turned on, and the rotor cutting magnetic field charges the coil inductor paper of the power H) 'reuse the principle as shown in FIG. 4, that is, when the switch Q2 is turned on The brushless permanent magnet power mechanism forms a short circuit between the phases, because the rotation of the rotor of the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism causes the magnetic field to be cut to form a counter electromotive force kew, which is the coil inductance ML Continuous charging, let the inductor ^^^ store energy, its back electromotive force kew will be equal to the voltage of the inductor ML Vl = Ldi / dt, when the switch Q2 is off, the voltage on the reference inductor ML reverses the current will pass through the diode The circuit system generates a loop, because the voltage of the circuit system E, the voltage Vb and the counter electromotive force, is lower than the voltage V1 on the inductor ML, so that the circuit system E can generate power. When the circuit system E is a power storage split, Charging, E is directly circuitry is used when the load of the load application device. Since ML inductor voltage VL = Ldi / dt is equal to the counter electromotive force lose%
kew，所以，只要動力機構丨〇在低速轉動時即可以進行發 ⑩電。 X 為了達到最大的發電量，功率晶體的開關切換時機十 刀重要，§動力機構1〇的轉子轉動時會切割磁場產生反電 動勢，此反電動勢在各相定子線圈上會產生高高低低的電 壓，若是能夠在較高電壓的條件下進行發電，其發電的能 量及效率都會較好。根據轉子位置檢出元件的位置信號， 我們可以了解轉子磁鐵跟定子線圈的相對位置，進而了解 反電動勢的狀況。以三相無刷永磁動力機構】〇且轉子位置 201143271 檢出元件以霍爾元件為例，當Hu變成high時，此時u相 的線圈反電動勢也會在較高的區域，驅動電路上的Q2則 應該導通讓線圈充電，當Hv變成high時則Q4導通，當Kew, so as long as the power mechanism 丨〇 rotates at low speed, it can send 10 electricity. X In order to achieve the maximum power generation, the switching timing of the power crystal is important. When the rotor of the power mechanism rotates, the cutting magnetic field will generate a counter electromotive force. This back electromotive force will generate high and low voltages on the stator coils of each phase. If it can generate electricity under higher voltage conditions, its energy and efficiency will be better. Based on the position signal of the rotor position detecting component, we can understand the relative position of the rotor magnet and the stator coil to understand the condition of the back electromotive force. Taking a three-phase brushless permanent magnet power mechanism] and the rotor position 201143271 detects the component with the Hall element as an example. When Hu becomes high, the back-electromotive force of the u-phase coil is also in a higher region, on the drive circuit. Q2 should be turned on to charge the coil, and when Hv becomes high, Q4 is turned on.
Hw變成high時則Q6導通，u、v、w之間的導通切換時 機，兩兩間隔120度。其他的多相無刷永磁動力機構原 理相同，其兩兩間隔的角度則為36〇度除以相數。同理， 本發明亦得以開關Ql、Q3、Q5依位置信號Hu、HV、Hw 變成high時導通，也可以達到相同發電效果的等效作用。 唯兩者間差異在於反電動勢電壓週波的高電壓（high)位 置信號，其一是上半週波的高電壓區，另一則是下半週波 的高電壓區。 前述開關Q可於高電壓區間的位置信號導通/斷開，以 上半週波為例，係在上半週波的30。角的位置導通，以及 於150。角的位置斷開’連續的上半週波依序的導通/斷開。 其他的多相無刷永磁動力機構10則為[180。一（ 360。·^目數）] d的角度位置導通（四相為45。，六相為60。），而於18〇 [180°- ( 360°+相數）>2}的角度位置斷開（四相為 135 ’六相為120。）。下半週波高電壓區間位置信號的導 通/斷開可同理實施’而達到最大的發電效果。由於下半週 波與上半週波相差18 0。，其導通/斷開的角度位置可以是根 據上半週波的角度加180。而具體實現。 凊參考圖6’係表示本發明發電扭力控制系統的電路結 201143271 3構示本發明之發電扭力控制系統卜至少包含—控制電路 収件2、一驅動電路4所構成的電源電路5以及一 上述的動力機構1〇。 控制電路3係包含—令央處理單元(CRJ)或-微處 (MCU)，本發明係以中央處理單元為例進行圖解㈣控制電= 係與驅動電路4、電源電路5及動力機構Μ電性連接；為了能 夠控制對電路系統E(如圖 此 感測元件2配合一電流㈣要藉由電流 电琥偏移迴路6作處理，因為盔 永磁動力機構1〇會在同-個驅動電路4内產生雙向電流， 有一向的電流信號會變成負值，但是，控制電路3的咖或 C广、、、法接夂負值電流信號，—旦接受負值電流信號， 則可此產生故P早’本發明的實施方式係湘—電流信就偏 =路6將電流信號偏離—個準位⑽㈣，讓電流信號永 遠為值料電日守所產生的反向電流信號可以被cpu或 MCU直接接受。 月 > 考圖7A，係表示本發明電流信號偏移電路的電流_ 電壓L號曲線圖’备電流為零時，電流信號(相對應的電壓值） 並不為零’假設此時電壓為2VDC，也就是說’當控制電路 3(CPU)偵剩電流㈣低於2〜，則控制電路3知道現在 疋處於發電狀恶’其電流信號不會對控制電路耶刚產生 任何問題。 月再同時參考圖7B，係表示本發明其中一實施態樣之電流 201143271 ^號偏移迴路的範例電路圖；驅動電路4係連接一電流信號偏 移迴路6，其輸出電壓v〇與輸入電流I的關係式，係表示如下： ^ccWhen Hw becomes high, Q6 is turned on, and the turn-on switching timing between u, v, and w is 120 degrees apart. Other multiphase brushless permanent magnet power mechanisms have the same principle, and the angle between the two sides is 36 degrees divided by the number of phases. Similarly, the present invention also enables the switches Q1, Q3, and Q5 to be turned on when the position signals Hu, HV, and Hw become high, and can also achieve the equivalent effect of the same power generation effect. The only difference between the two is the high-voltage position signal of the back-EM voltage cycle, one of which is the high-voltage region of the upper half-cycle and the other is the high-voltage region of the lower half-cycle. The aforementioned switch Q can be turned on/off at a position signal in a high voltage range, and is an example of the upper half cycle, which is 30 in the upper half cycle. The position of the corner is turned on, as well as 150. The position of the corner is broken. The continuous upper half of the cycle is sequentially turned on/off. Other multiphase brushless permanent magnet power units 10 are [180. One (360.·m mesh number)] The angular position of d is turned on (four phases are 45., six phases are 60.), and at 18 〇 [180° - (360° + phase) > 2} angle The position is broken (four phases are 135 'six phases are 120.). The conduction/disconnection of the position signal of the high-voltage interval in the lower half of the cycle can be implemented in the same way to achieve the maximum power generation effect. Since the second half of the wave is different from the upper half of the wave by 180. The angular position of its on/off may be increased by 180 according to the angle of the upper half of the cycle. And the specific implementation. Referring to FIG. 6', the circuit junction 201143271 of the present invention is shown to constitute a power supply torque control system of the present invention comprising at least a control circuit receiving unit 2, a power supply circuit 5 composed of a driving circuit 4, and the like. The power mechanism is 1〇. The control circuit 3 includes a central processing unit (CRJ) or a micro (MCU). The present invention is illustrated by taking a central processing unit as an example. (4) Controlling the electrical system and the driving circuit 4, the power supply circuit 5, and the power mechanism Sexual connection; in order to be able to control the circuit system E (as the sensing element 2 cooperates with a current (four) to be processed by the current circuit shift circuit 6, because the helmet permanent magnet power mechanism 1 〇 will be in the same drive circuit The bidirectional current is generated in 4, and the current signal of one direction becomes a negative value. However, if the control circuit 3 or the C is wide, and the method is connected to the negative current signal, the negative current signal is received. P early 'the embodiment of the invention is Xiang - current letter is bias = road 6 will deviate from the current signal - a level (10) (four), so that the current signal is always the value of the output of the electricity generated by the reverse current signal can be cpu or MCU Directly Accepted. Month> Figure 7A shows the current_voltage L number curve of the current signal offset circuit of the present invention. When the standby current is zero, the current signal (corresponding voltage value) is not zero. The voltage is 2VDC, which means 'when When the circuit 3 (CPU) detects that the residual current (4) is lower than 2~, the control circuit 3 knows that the current 疋 is in the power generation state, and its current signal does not cause any problem to the control circuit yeah. Referring to FIG. 7B at the same time, An example circuit diagram of an offset circuit of current 201143271 ^ in one embodiment of the present invention; a driving circuit 4 is connected to a current signal offset loop 6, and the relationship between the output voltage v〇 and the input current I is expressed as follows: Cc
A + J-R, R' + R2 1 +A + J-R, R' + R2 1 +
其中’ V〇係為輸入到控制電路3(CPU)之電壓，Vcc為參考 電壓’ Rshum為位於輸入電源側之電流量測電阻，I為輸入電流。 因此’通過電流信號偏移迴路6，可以對驅動電路4所產 生的負電流進行信號偏移控制。 另’驅動電路4係與控制電路3及動力機構10電性連接， 並接受控制電路3的控制；驅動電路4係如前所述，具有開關 Q1〜Q6，係第一組開關為開關Qi、q2串聯，第二組開關為開關 Q3、Q4串聯，第三組開關為開關Q5、Q6串聯，而且第一組開關、 第二組開關及第三組開關再行並聯，並電性連接電路系統E，再 者’動力機構10的三相係分別地連接在開關φ、q2之間、開關 Q3、Q4之間以及開關q5、q6之間。 如圖5所示，於發電模式時，開關Ql、Q3、Q5係為OFF(斷 開)狀態，而開關Q2、Q4、Q6會輪流脈衝寬度調變(puise_width modulation ’ PWM)& 0N(導通），係依據動力機構1〇的霍爾元件 (轉子位置檢出元件）HU、HV、HW之位置信號Hu、Hv、 Hw進行作動，透過脈衝寬度調變(PWM)開關控制，可以控制開 關ON狀態的時間由短至長，進而達到發電扭力由小到大(相當於 發電電流由小到大)的目的，即當產生的電力超過電路系統E之負 201143271 何時，發電#力可以由大扭力降至小扭力，意即發電扭力是可變 化的，進而控制對電路系統E的電壓及電流。 睛同時參考圖8，絲示本發明之永磁動力機構在馬達驅動 模式或發賴式時扭力值相對應轉速值㈣線示意圖；如果在馬 達驅動模式下由靜止關馬上_扭力值15%，扭力作用如虛線 所不’啟触力依丨5%扭力輸出，可避免扭力瞬酸大或變小， 導致騎乘不順暢的感覺。 相對地’若在發電模式時，扭力於15%時的扭力作用如虛 線所不’啟動扭力依扭力值15%作動，可避免瞬間大扭力的引擎 煞車，導致騎乘不順暢的感覺。 以上實施例係描述本發明發電控制方法應用於具有發電模 式的電動機，且該電動機實現於一電動機車時的扭力表現。但本 發明之可應職圍並不以此為限，上述妨組開關可電性連接於 一電路系統，該電路系統包含但不限於電力儲存裝置或供負載使 用之應用裝置。 此外，本發明的發電控制方法使動力_ 1〇於轉子低轉速時 仍能有效的將轉子動能轉換為電能。該轉子之轉動及轉速係由一 入力裝置所控制的’所述的人力裝置包含但不限於受風力或水力 作用而轉動的旋轉裝置。 綜上所述’乃僅記載本發明為呈現解決問題所採用的 技術手段之較佳實施方式或實施例而已，並非用來限定本 發明專利實施之範®。即凡與本發料利申請文義相 13 201143271 符或依本發明專利範圍所做的均等變化與修飾，皆為本 發明專利範圍所涵蓋。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係表示本發明所運用之動作原理的電路示意圖。 圖係表不本發明之驅動電路與無刷永磁動力機構的連 結示意圖。 圖係表示本發明之無刷永磁動力機構的等效電路圖。 圖係表示本發明無刷永磁動力機構其中二相之驅動電 路於發電狀態下開關作動的等效電路圖。 圖係表示本發明應用於三相無刷永磁動力機構在馬達 驅動模式及發電模式的開關切換說明圖。 圖6係表示本發明發電扭力控制系統的電路結構示意圖。 圖7A係表示本發明電流信號偏移電路的電流·電壓信號曲線圖。 圖7B係表示本發明電流信號偏移迴路的範例電路圖。 圖8係表示本發明扭力值相對應轉速值的曲線示意圖。 圖9係表示習知無刷永磁動力機構其中二相的驅動電路 於發電狀態下開關作動的等效電路圖。 圖10係表示習知電動機車電壓duty控制之扭力值相對應轉速的 曲線圖。 201143271 【主要元件符號說明】Where 'V〇 is the voltage input to the control circuit 3 (CPU), Vcc is the reference voltage' Rshum is the current measuring resistance on the input power supply side, and I is the input current. Therefore, the signal offset control can be performed on the negative current generated by the drive circuit 4 by the current signal shift circuit 6. Further, the 'drive circuit 4 is electrically connected to the control circuit 3 and the power mechanism 10, and is controlled by the control circuit 3; the drive circuit 4 has switches Q1 to Q6 as described above, and the first group of switches is the switch Qi, Q2 is connected in series, the second group of switches is connected in series with switches Q3 and Q4, the third group of switches is connected in series with switches Q5 and Q6, and the first group of switches, the second group of switches and the third group of switches are connected in parallel, and the electrical connection circuit system is connected. E, in addition, the three-phase system of the power mechanism 10 is connected between the switches φ and q2, between the switches Q3 and Q4, and between the switches q5 and q6, respectively. As shown in Figure 5, in the power generation mode, switches Ql, Q3, and Q5 are in the OFF state, while switches Q2, Q4, and Q6 are in turn pulse width modulation (puise_width modulation 'PWM) & 0N (conduction) The operation is performed by the position signals Hu, Hv, and Hw of the Hall element (rotor position detecting element) HU, HV, and HW of the power unit 1〇, and the switch is controlled by the pulse width modulation (PWM) switch control. The state of the time is from short to long, and thus the purpose of generating the torque is from small to large (equivalent to the generation current from small to large), that is, when the generated power exceeds the negative of the circuit system E 201143271, the power generation force can be caused by the large torque Down to a small torque, meaning that the power generation torque can be changed, and thus control the voltage and current to the circuit system E. At the same time, referring to FIG. 8 , the schematic diagram of the torque value of the permanent magnet power mechanism of the present invention in the motor driving mode or the slamming type corresponding to the rotational speed value (four) is shown; if it is in the motor driving mode, the torque value is 15%, Torque function, such as the dotted line, does not start the contact force with 5% torque output, which can avoid the torque of the torque is large or small, resulting in a smooth ride. Relatively, if in the power generation mode, the torsion force at 15% of the torsion force, such as the virtual line, does not start the torque according to the torque value of 15%, which can avoid the sudden high torque of the engine brake, resulting in a smooth ride. The above embodiment describes the application of the power generation control method of the present invention to an electric motor having a power generation mode, and the electric motor is realized in a torque performance of an electric motor vehicle. However, the applicable scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The above-mentioned switch can be electrically connected to a circuit system including, but not limited to, a power storage device or an application device for load use. Further, the power generation control method of the present invention can effectively convert the kinetic energy of the rotor into electric energy when the power is at a low rotation speed of the rotor. The rotation and rotational speed of the rotor are controlled by a force input device. The human power device includes, but is not limited to, a rotating device that is rotated by wind or water. The present invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment or embodiment of the present invention, which is not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. That is, the equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention are covered by the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the principle of operation of the present invention. The figure shows a connection diagram of the driving circuit of the present invention and the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism. The figure shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism of the present invention. The figure shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the switching operation of the driving circuit of the two phases in the power generating state of the brushless permanent magnet power mechanism of the present invention. The figure shows the switching diagram of the three-phase brushless permanent magnet power mechanism in the motor drive mode and the power generation mode. Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the circuit structure of the power generating torque control system of the present invention. Fig. 7A is a graph showing a current/voltage signal of the current signal shift circuit of the present invention. Fig. 7B is a circuit diagram showing an example of a current signal offset circuit of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the torque value and the corresponding rotational speed value of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a view showing an equivalent circuit diagram of a switching operation of a two-phase driving circuit in a conventional brushless permanent magnet power mechanism in a power generating state. Fig. 10 is a graph showing the torque value corresponding to the conventional motor vehicle voltage duty control. 201143271 [Main component symbol description]
1 發電扭力控制系統 2 電流感測元件 3 控制電路 4 驅動電路 5 電源電路 6 電流信號偏移迴路 10 動力機構 B 電力儲存裝置 E 電路系統 C 電容 HU 轉子位置檢出元件 Hu 位置信號 HV 轉子位置檢出元件 Hv 位置信號 HW 轉子位置檢出元件 Hw 位置信號 I 輸入電流 L 電感 ML 線圈電感 Rload 負載 R!〜R4 電阻 15 2011432711 Power generation torque control system 2 Current sensing element 3 Control circuit 4 Drive circuit 5 Power circuit 6 Current signal offset circuit 10 Power mechanism B Power storage device E Circuit system C Capacitor HU Rotor position detection component Hu Position signal HV Rotor position detection Output component Hv Position signal HW Rotor position detection component Hw Position signal I Input current L Inductance ML Coil inductance Rload Load R!~R4 Resistor 15 201143271
Rshunt 電阻 Q 開關 Q1 〜Q6 開關 vb 輸入電壓 V〇 輸出電壓 VL 電感的電壓Rshunt resistor Q switch Q1 ~ Q6 switch vb input voltage V〇 output voltage VL inductor voltage
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